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Du Z, Nakagawa A, Fang J, Ridwan R, Astuti WD, Sarwono KA, Sofyan A, Widyastuti Y, Cai Y. Cleaner anaerobic fermentation and greenhouse gas reduction of crop straw. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0052024. [PMID: 38832787 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00520-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice anaerobic fermentation is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and in order to efficiently utilize crop residue resources to reduce GHG emissions, rice straw anaerobic fermentation was regulated using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants (FG1 and TH14), grass medium (GM) to culture LAB, and Acremonim cellulolyticus (AC). Microbial community, GHG emission, dry matter (DM) loss, and anaerobic fermentation were analyzed using PacBio single-molecule real-time and anaerobic fermentation system. The epiphytic microbial diversity of fresh rice straw was extremely rich and contained certain nutrients and minerals. During ensiling, large amounts of GHG such as carbon dioxide are produced due to plant respiration, enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, and proliferation of aerobic bacteria, resulting in energy and DM loss. Addition of FG1, TH14, and AC alone improved anaerobic fermentation by decreasing pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P < 0.05) and increased lactic acid content (P < 0.05) when compared to the control, and GM showed the same additive effect as LAB inoculants. Microbial additives formed a co-occurrence microbial network system dominated by LAB, enhanced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, diversified the microbial metabolic environment and carbohydrate metabolic pathways, weakened the amino acid metabolic pathways, and made the anaerobic fermentation cleaner. This study is of great significance for the effective utilization of crop straw resources, the promotion of sustainable livestock production, and the reduction of GHG emissions.IMPORTANCETo effectively utilize crop by-product resources, we applied microbial additives to silage fermentation of fresh rice straw. Fresh rice straw is extremely rich in microbial diversity, which was significantly reduced after silage fermentation, and its nutrients were well preserved. Silage fermentation was improved by microbial additives, where the combination of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria acted as enzyme-bacteria synergists to promote lactic acid fermentation and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, such as protein degradation and gas production, thereby reducing GHG emissions and DM losses. The microbial additives accelerated the formation of a symbiotic microbial network system dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which regulated silage fermentation and improved microbial metabolic pathways for carbohydrates and amino acids, as well as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Andressa Nakagawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jiachen Fang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Roni Ridwan
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Wulansih D Astuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ki A Sarwono
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Sofyan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Yantyati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Diepersloot EC, Pupo MR, Ferraretto LF. Effect of monensin and live-cell yeast supplementation on lactation performance, feeding behavior, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4449-4460. [PMID: 38331184 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing monensin (19.8 g/Mg DM TMR; MON) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 live-cell yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077; 1 × 1010 cfu/head per day; LCY) on lactation performance, feeding behavior, and total-tract nutrient digestibility of high-producing dairy cows. Sixty-four multiparous Holstein cows (3.2 ± 1.5 lactations; 97 ± 16 DIM, and 724 ± 68 kg of BW at covariate period initiation) and 32 gate feeders were enrolled in a study with a completely randomized design and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Cows and gate feeders were randomly assigned to treatments (16 cows and 8 gate feeders per treatment). Cows were allowed 2 wk to acclimate to feeding gates followed by a 2-wk covariate period. During the acclimation and covariate periods, all cows were fed a diet containing MON and LCY. Following the covariate period, cows were enrolled in a 10-wk treatment period during which cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) a combination of MON and LCY (MON-LCY), (2) MON-CON, (3) CON-LCY, or (4) neither MON nor LCY (CON-CON). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with week as a repeated measure and fixed effects of MON, LCY, week, and all their interactions. Cow (treatment) was included as a random effect. The average covariate period value of each variable was used as a covariate. Three-way interactions were observed for DMI and feed efficiency. Dry matter intake decreased from wk 4 to 5 and wk 8 to 10 in MON-LCY cows compared with CON-CON. No treatment differences were observed for actual or component-corrected milk yield or milk components, except for a tendency for LCY to decrease milk fat yield. Feed efficiency was greater for MON-LCY relative to CON-CON in 4 of 10 wk. Interactions between MON and LCY were observed for dry matter and organic matter digestibility, where both were lower for CON-CON than other treatments. Under the conditions of the present study, feeding dairy cows in a high feed bunk density a combination of MON and LCY can decrease intake and improve feed efficiency without affecting milk production or components. Additionally, monensin and live-cell yeasts may each improve total-tract digestibility based on improvements in DM and OM digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cole Diepersloot
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Matheus R Pupo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Luiz F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
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Qiu C, Yang K, Diao X, Zhang W, Lv R, He L. Effects of kinds of additives on fermentation quality, nutrient content, aerobic stability, and microbial community of the mixed silage of king grass and rice straw. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1420022. [PMID: 38933036 PMCID: PMC11199393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of kinds of additives on silage quality, the mixture of king grass and rice straw was ensiled with addition of sucrose, citric acid and malic acid at the levels of 0, 1 and 2%, being blank control (CK), citric acid groups (CA1, CA2), malic acid groups (MA1, MA2), citric acid + malic acid groups (CM1, CM2), sucrose groups (SU1, SU2), mainly focusing on fermentation quality, nutrient content, aerobic stability and microbial community of the silages. The results showed that the addition of sucrose decreased (p < 0.05) pH and increased the content of water soluble carbohydrate (p < 0.05). The sucrose groups and mixed acid groups also had a lower (p < 0.01) neutral detergent fiber content. The addition of citric acid and the mixed acid increased (p < 0.01) the aerobic stability of the silage, reduced the abundance of Acinetobacter, and the addition of citric acid also increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus. It is inferred that citric acid and malic acid could influence fermentation quality by inhibiting harmful bacteria and improve aerobic stability, while sucrose influenced fermentation quality by by promoting the generation of lactic acid. It is suggested that the application of citric acid, malic acid and sucrose would achieve an improvement effect on fermentation quality of the mixed silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qiu
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaogao Diao
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liwen He
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Qiao W, Jia C, Yang J, Gao G, Guo D, Xu X, Wu Z, Saris PEJ, Xu H, Qiao M. Production of bacterial cellulose-based peptidopolysaccharide BC-L with anti-listerial properties using a co-cultivation strategy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133047. [PMID: 38857722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been found extensive applications in diverse domains for its exceptional attributes. However, the lack of antibacterial properties hampers its utilization in food and biomedical sectors. Leucocin, a bacteriocin belonging to class IIa, is synthesized by Leuconostoc that demonstrates potent efficacy against the foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In the current study, co-culturing strategy involving Kosakonia oryzendophytica FY-07 and Leuconostoc carnosum 4010 was used to confer anti-listerial activity to BC, which resulted in the generation of leucocin-containing BC (BC-L). The physical characteristics of BC-L, as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were similar to the physical characteristics of BC. Notably, the experimental results of disc diffusion and growth curve indicated that the BC-L film exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BC-L exerts its bactericidal activity by forming pores on the bacterial cell wall. Despite the BC-L antibacterial mechanism, which involves pore formation, the mammalian cell viability remained unaffected by the BC-L film. The measurement results of zeta potential indicated that the properties of BC changed after being loaded with leucocin. Based on these findings, the anti-listerial BC-L generated through this co-culture system holds promise as a novel effective antimicrobial agent for applications in meat product preservation and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Chunhui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xian Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Haijin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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Zhao M, Bao J, Wang Z, Sun P, Liu J, Yan Y, Ge G. Utilisation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and propionic acid to improve silage quality of amaranth before and after wilting: fermentation quality, microbial communities, and their metabolic pathway. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415290. [PMID: 38903783 PMCID: PMC11187283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and propionic acid (PA) on fermentation characteristics and microbial community of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriaus) silage with different moisture contents. Methods Amaranth was harvested at maturity stage and prepared for ensiling. There were two moisture content gradients (80%: AhG, 70%: AhS; fresh material: FM) and three treatments (control: CK, L. plantarum: LP, propionic acid: PA) set up, and silages were opened after 60 d of ensiling. Results The results showed that the addition of L. plantarum and PA increased lactic acid (LA) content and decreased pH of amaranth after fermentation. In particular, the addition of PA significantly increased crude protein content (p < 0.05). LA content was higher in wilted silage than in high-moisture silage, and it was higher with the addition of L. plantarum and PA (p < 0.05). The dominant species of AhGLP, AhSCK, AhSLP and AhSPA were mainly L. plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis. The dominant species in AhGCK include Enterobacter cloacae, and Xanthomonas oryzae was dominated in AhGPA, which affected fermentation quality. L. plantarum and PA acted synergistically after ensiling to accelerate the succession of dominant species from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria, forming a symbiotic microbial network centred on lactic acid bacteria. Both wilting and additive silage preparation methods increased the degree of dominance of global and overview maps and carbohydrate metabolism, and decreased the degree of dominance of amino acid metabolism categories. Conclusion In conclusion, the addition of L. plantarum to silage can effectively improve the fermentation characteristics of amaranth, increase the diversity of bacterial communities, and regulate the microbial community and its functional metabolic pathways to achieve the desired fermentation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqier Zhao
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuting Yan
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Ayemele AG, Wang Y, Ma L, Bu D, Xu J. Turning weeds into feed: Ensiling Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed) reduces its toxicity and enhances its palatability for dairy cows. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116292. [PMID: 38581911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds decreases animal feed intake. This study aimed to valorize GM as a potential new feed resource through the chemical and microbial biotransformation of toxic compounds that will henceforth, make the plant palatable for cows. After GM's ensiling using fermentative bacteria, the plant was sampled for UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse the metabolomic changes. Illumina Miseq of the 16 S rRNA fragment genes and ITS1 were used to describe the microbial composition and structure colonizing GM silage and contributing to the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Microbial functions were predicted from metataxonomic data and KEGG pathways analysis. Eight Holstein dairy cows assigned in a cross-over design were supplemented with GM and GM silage to evaluate palatability and effects on milk yield and milk protein. Cows were fed their typical diet prior to the experiment (positive control). After ensiling, 23 flavonoids, 47 amino acids and derivatives increased, while the other 14 flavonoids, 9 amino acids and derivatives decreased, indicating active metabolism during the GM ensiling process. Lactobacillus buchneri, Bacteroides ovatus, and Megasphaera elsdenii were specific to ensiled GM and correlated to functional plant metabolites, while Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were specific to non-ensiled GM and correlated to the toxic metabolite 5-hydroxymethylfurfural."Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism", "cancer overview" and "neurodegenerative disease" were the highly expressed microbial KEGG pathways in non-ensiled GM. Non-ensiled GM is unpalatable for cows and drastically reduces the animal's feed intake, whereas ensiled GM does not reduce feed intake, milk yield and milk protein. This study provides essential information for sustainable animal production by valorizing GM as a new feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurele Gnetegha Ayemele
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County, Yunnan 654400, PR China; Department of Animal Production Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, 39, Cameroon
| | - Yuehu Wang
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County, Yunnan 654400, PR China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County, Yunnan 654400, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; World Agroforestry Center, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, PR China.
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Pucetti P, Valadares Filho SDC, Roque JV, da Silva JT, de Oliveira KR, Silva FAS, Cardoso WJ, e Silva FF, Swanson KC. Predicting ruminal degradability and chemical composition of corn silage using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate regression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296447. [PMID: 38635552 PMCID: PMC11025743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate regression models to predict the chemical composition and ruminal degradation parameters of corn silage by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Ninety-four samples were used to develop and validate the models to predict corn silage composition. A subset of 23 samples was used to develop and validate models to predict ruminal degradation parameters of corn silage. Wet chemistry methods were used to determine the composition values and ruminal degradation parameters of the corn silage samples. The dried and ground samples had their NIR spectra scanned using a poliSPECNIR 900-1700 model NIR sprectrophotometer (ITPhotonics S.r.l, Breganze, IT.). The models were developed using regression by partial least squares (PLS), and the ordered predictor selection (OPS) method was used. In general, the regression models obtained to predict the corn silage composition (P>0.05), except the model for organic matter (OM), adequately estimated the studied properties. It was not possible to develop prediction models for the potentially degradable fraction in the rumen of OM and crude protein and the degradation rate of OM. The regression models that could be obtained to predict the ruminal degradation parameters showed correlation coefficient of calibration between 0.530 and 0.985. The regression models developed to predict CS composition accurately estimated the CS composition, except the model for OM. The NIR has potential to be used by nutritionists as a rapid prediction tool for ruminal degradation parameters in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliane Pucetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Valente Roque
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wilson Junior Cardoso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kendall Carl Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Tshuma T, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. A comparative study on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:88. [PMID: 38409615 PMCID: PMC10896870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
These cross-sectional studies reported the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 328 samples (faeces, feeds, silage, and drinking water) were collected from 23 cattle farms (communal, cow-calf, and feedlot), and 262 samples (faeces, carcass swabs, and effluents) from 8 beef abattoirs (low throughput and high throughput) were processed using standard bacteriological and molecular methods to detect Listeria species. The factors associated with the prevalence of Listeria species were investigated, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to determine Listeria species, the pathogenic serogroups, and the carriage of eight virulence-associated genes by Listeria monocytogenes. The overall prevalence of Listeria species in cattle farms was 14.6%, comprising Listeria innocua (11.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (3.4%), Listeria welshimeri (0.0%) compared with 11.1%, comprising Listeria innocua (5.7%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.6%), Listeria welshimeri (0.8%) for beef abattoirs. Of the three variables (area, type of farm/abattoir, and sample type) investigated, only the sample types at abattoirs had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the prevalence of L. innocua and L. welshimeri. The frequency of distribution of the serogroups based on 11 L. monocytogenes isolated from farms was 72.7% and 27.3% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a and 4b-4d-4e, respectively, while for the 12 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from abattoirs, it was 25%, 8.3%, 50% and 16.7% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a, 1/2b-3b, 1/2c-3c, and 4b-4d-4e respectively (P < 0.05). All (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes from the farms and abattoirs were positive for seven virulence genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). The clinical and food safety significance of the findings cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - N Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Y B Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Epidemiology Section, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - K Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - A A Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Benjamim da Silva É, Polukis SA, Smith ML, Voshell RS, Leggett MJ, Jones PB, Kung L. The use of Lentilactobacillus buchneri PJB1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTD1 on the ensiling of whole-plant corn silage, snaplage, and high-moisture corn. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:883-901. [PMID: 37730174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage (WPC), snaplage (SNA), and high-moisture corn (HMC). Whole-plant corn was inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri PJB1 in combination with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTD1 or with Lpb. plantarum alone (experiments 1 and 2). Snaplage (experiment 3) and HMC (experiments 4 and 5) were inoculated with Len. buchneri in combination with Lpb. plantarum or with Len. buchneri alone. After inoculation, the feedstuffs were ensiled in 7.57-L silos and stored at 21 ± 2°C for 30 or 90 d. In experiment 5, silage was subjected to air stress for 2 h every 2 wk through 42 d and then for 2 h/wk until 90 d and had samples analyzed for their bacterial community composition by metagenomics. Overall, in all experiments, silages inoculated with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum had more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol and fewer yeasts than uninoculated silages. After 30 d of ensiling, inoculation with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum did not affect the aerobic stability of SNA, but it slightly increased the stability of WPC and markedly improved the stability of HMC. After 90 d of ensiling, inoculation with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum markedly improved the aerobic stability of WPC, SNA, and HMC. In experiment 5, inoculation increased the relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillaceae and reduced the RA of Enterobacteriaceae and Leuconostocaceae in HMC at 30 and 90 d and the RA of Clostridiaceae in non-air-stressed HMC at 90 d. Air-stressed HMC inoculated with Len. buchneri had less lactic acid, more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol, and markedly greater aerobic stability than uninoculated air-stressed HMC at 90 d. In conclusion, inoculation with Len. buchneri PJB1 alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum MTD1 increased the production of acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol, inhibited yeasts development, and improved the aerobic stability of WPC, SNA, and HMC. In HMC, inoculation markedly improved aerobic stability as soon as after 30 d of ensiling, and after 90 d, inoculation improved stability even under air stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Polukis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Rebecca S Voshell
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | | | - Limin Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
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10
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Wei X, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhong Q, Lu G. The influence of low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria on the enhancement of quality and the microbial community in winter Jerusalem Artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) silage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1297220. [PMID: 38348187 PMCID: PMC10860748 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1297220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), an emerging "food and fodder" economic crop on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To tackle problems such as incomplete fermentation and nutrient loss occurring during the low-temperature ensilage of Jerusalem Artichokes in the plateau's winter, this study inoculated two strains of low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum (GN02) and Lactobacillus brevis (XN25), along with their mixed components, into Jerusalem Artichoke silage material. We investigated how low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria enhance the quality of low-temperature silage fermentation for Jerusalem Artichokes and clarify its mutual feedback effect with microorganisms. Results indicated that inoculating low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria significantly reduces the potential of hydrogen and water-soluble carbohydrates content of silage, while increasing lactic acid and acetic acid levels, reducing propionic acid, and preserving additional dry matter. Inoculating the L. plantarum group during fermentation lowers pH and propionic acid levels, increases lactic acid content, and maintains a dry matter content similar to the original material. Bacterial community diversity exhibited more pronounced changes than fungal diversity, with inoculation having a minor effect on fungal community diversity. Within the bacteria, Lactobacillus remains consistently abundant (>85%) in the inoculated L. plantarum group. At the fungal phylum and genus levels, no significant changes were observed following fermentation, and dominant fungal genera in all groups did not differ significantly from those in the raw material. L. plantarum exhibited a positive correlation with lactic acid and negative correlations with pH and propionic acid. In summary, the inoculation of L. plantarum GN02 facilitated the fermentation process, preserved an acidic silage environment, and ensured high fermentation quality; it is a suitable inoculant for low-temperature silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wei
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haiwang Zhang
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Guangxin Lu
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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11
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Euridse D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Microbial network and fermentation modulation of Napier grass and sugarcane top silage in southern Africa. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0303223. [PMID: 38084975 PMCID: PMC10783067 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03032-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Feed shortage in the tropics is a major constraint to the production of livestock products such as milk and meat. In order to effectively utilize of local feed resources, the selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain was used to prepare Napier grass and sugarcane top silage. The results showed that the two silages inoculated with LAB formed a co-occurrence microbial network dominated by Lactiplantibacillus during the fermentation process, regulated the microbial community structure and metabolic pathways, and improved the silage fermentation quality. This is of great significance for alleviating feed shortage and promoting sustainable production of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Denise Euridse
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Esen S, Koç F, Işık R. Effect of sodium diacetate on fermentation, aerobic stability, and microbial diversity of alfalfa silage. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38084302 PMCID: PMC10710396 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a vital source of forage protein for ruminants, yet its ensiling poses challenges due to high buffering capacity and low water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). This study investigated the impact of sodium diacetate (SDA) on alfalfa silage quality and aerobic stability. SDA was applied at four different rates to wilted alfalfa on a fresh basis: 0 g/kg, 3 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 7 g/kg, and silages were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, followed by 7 days of aerobic exposure. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing assay using GenomeLab™ GeXP was performed to determine the relationship between dominant isolated lactic acid bacteria species and fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability on silage. The results showed that Lentilolactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecium were the most prevalent bacteria when silos were opened, whereas Weissella paramesenteroides, Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium and Bacillus spp. were most prevalent bacteria after 7 days of aerobic exposure. Dry matter, pH, and WSC content were not affected by SDA, but doses above 5 g/kg induced a homofermentative process, which increased lactic acid concentration and lactic acid to acetic acid ratio, decreased yeast count during aerobic exposure, and improved aerobic stability. These findings offer useful information for optimizing SDA usage in silage, assuring improved quality and longer storage, and thereby improving animal husbandry and sustainable feed practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Esen
- Balikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 10470 Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Fisun Koç
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdaǧ, Turkey
| | - Raziye Işık
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdaǧ, Turkey
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13
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Mpanza TDE, Mani S. Effects of Vachellia mearnsii Tannin Extract as an Additive on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Microbial Modulation of Maize Silage. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2767. [PMID: 38004778 PMCID: PMC10673101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize silage is produced to alleviate the effects of forage shortages on ruminant animals, particularly during the dry season. Microorganisms play a significant role in silage fermentation and thus, to a large extent, determine the silage quality. The modulation of silage microorganisms may help to inhibit undesirable bacteria and improve the silage quality. Therefore, condensed tannin extract from Vachellia mearnsii bark was used as an additive in maize silage during ensiling. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of a tannin extract (condensed tannin) additive on the fermentative quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial composition of maize silage. A mini-silo experiment on maize with five treatments was conducted for 75 days. The silage treatments were as follows: (T1) maize forage with no inoculation (negative control); (T2) maize forage inoculated with LAB and 1% tannin extract; (T3) maize forage inoculated with LAB only (positive control); (T4) and maize forage inoculated with LAB and 2% tannin extract; (T5) maize forage inoculated with LAB and 3% tannin extract. The results showed that the additives modulated the silage microorganism composition. However, this was without affecting the silage's fermentative quality and aerobic stability. All the silages recorded a pH below 4.2, which indicated well-fermented silage. The tannin extract suppressed the growth of undesirable bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas, Gluconacetobacter and Clostridium genera, while promoting desirable bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Weissella genera, which were attributed to the silage quality. It is thus concluded that tannins can be strategically used as silage additives to modulate the microbial composition of silage and improve the silage quality by promoting the dominance of the desirable bacteria in the silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamsanqa Doctor Empire Mpanza
- Animal Nutrition, Agricultural Research Council—Animal Production, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Sinalo Mani
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Council—Animal Production, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa;
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14
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Liao C, Na B, Tang X, Zhao M, Zhang C, Chen S, You M, Bai B, Hao L, Tondrob D, Qu G, Yang S, Huang B, Gou W, Xie Y, Bai S, Chen C, Li P. Contribution of the bacterial community of poorly fermented oat silage to biogas emissions on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165336. [PMID: 37414176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
To better utilize poorly fermented oat silage on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, 239 samples of this biomass were collected from the plateau temperate zone (PTZ), plateau subboreal zone (PSBZ), and nonplateau climatic zone (NPCZ) in the region and analyzed for microbial community, chemical composition and in vitro gas production. Climatic factors affect the bacterial α-diversity and β-diversity of poorly fermented oat silage, which led to the NPCZ having the highest relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Furthermore, the gas production analysis showed that the NPCZ had the highest maximum cumulative gas emissions of methane. Through structural equation modeling analysis, environmental factors (solar radiation) affected methane emissions via the regulation of lactate production by L. plantarum. The enrichment of L. plantarum contributes to lactic acid production and thereby enhances methane emission from poorly fermented oat silage. Notably, there are many lactic acid bacteria detrimental to methane production in the PTZ. This knowledge will be helpful in revealing the mechanisms of environmental factors and microbial relationships influencing the metabolic processes of methane production, thereby providing a reference for the clean utilization of other poorly fermented silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Binbin Na
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Changbing Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Binqiang Bai
- College of Agricultural Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dorjeeh Tondrob
- Institute of Pratacultural Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Guangpeng Qu
- Institute of Pratacultural Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Tibet Institute of Modern Life and Health, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Tibet Jingliang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Co, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wenlong Gou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China.
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15
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Drouin P, da Silva ÉB, Tremblay J, Chevaux E, Apper E, Castex M. Inoculation with Lentilactobacillus buchneri alone or in combination with Lentilactobacillus hilgardii modifies gene expression, fermentation profile, and starch digestibility in high-moisture corn. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253588. [PMID: 37901805 PMCID: PMC10602787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inoculants combining Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii have been shown to improve the aerobic stability of high-moisture corn (HMC) and whole-plant corn silage, but the mode of action of this co-inoculation remains to be elucidated. This study used metatranscriptomics to evaluate the effects of inoculation with L. buchneri alone or combined with L. hilgardii on the bacterial community, gene expression, fermentation profile, and starch digestibility in HMC. High-moisture corn not inoculated (Control) or inoculated with L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 (LB) or L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 combined with L. hilgardii CNCM-I-4785 (Combo) was ensiled in mini silo bags for 30, 60, 120, and 180 days. The fermentation profile was evaluated at all time points. Metatranscriptomics was performed on samples collected on day 120. Combo had a greater alpha diversity richness index of contigs than LB and Control, and inoculation with Combo and LB modified the beta-diversity of contigs compared to Control. Out of 69 genes of interest, 20 were differentially expressed in LB compared to Control and 25 in Combo compared to Control. Of those differently expressed genes, 16 (10 of which were associated with carbohydrate metabolism and six with amino acid metabolism) were differently expressed in both LB and Combo compared to Control, and all those genes were upregulated in the inoculated silages. When we compared Combo and LB, we found seven genes expressed differently, four associated with carbohydrate metabolism and downregulated in Combo, and three associated with amino acid metabolism and upregulated in Combo. At day 120, the inoculated silages had more culturable lactic acid bacteria, higher Lactobacillus relative abundance, and lower Leuconostoc relative abundance than Control. The concentration of acetic acid remained low throughout ensiling in Control, but in LB and Combo, it increased up to day 60 and remained stable from day 60 to 180. The 1,2-propanediol was only detected in LB and Combo. Inoculation did not affect the concentration of starch, but starch digestibility was greater in Combo than in Control. Inoculation of HMC with Combo modified the gene expression and fermentation profile compared to Control and LB, improving starch digestibility compared to uninoculated HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Drouin
- Independent Researcher, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julien Tremblay
- Energy, Mining, and Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Javed A, Ajmal M, Hanif NQ, Akram A. Effects of inoculation of corn silage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on silage fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, mycoflora and aflatoxin production. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37647099 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2252154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, fresh whole corn plants along with half milk kernels line were treated with live and hydrolysed yeast with different concentrations before ensiling and kept in airtight bags and then into mini silos in order to achieve anaerobic conditions for proper fermentation. The buckets were opened after different time intervals to characterise the material, quick acidification, dry matter recovery, and aerobic stability of silage respectively. Moreover, mycoflora and aflatoxin contamination were also analysed. The overall result reported that the silage quality was improved by the application of live and hydrolysed yeast. The best result was reported by the application of live yeast (T2: 10 g/kg) which significantly improved the fermentative, proximate, and digestibility parameters and reduced the mycoflora and aflatoxin contamination. Our results present promising new options for the use of natural compounds that may help to improve silage quality and reduce aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Javed
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
| | - Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif
- AgriPak Labs, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (UIBB) - PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abida Akram
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
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17
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Feng Q, Zhang J, Ling W, Degen AA, Zhou Y, Ge C, Yang F, Zhou J. Ensiling hybrid Pennisetum with lactic acid bacteria or organic acids improved the fermentation quality and bacterial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216722. [PMID: 37455750 PMCID: PMC10340086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different additives on nutritional quality, fermentation variables and microbial diversity of hybrid Pennisetum silages. A control (CK - no additives) and seven treatments were tested, namely, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB), propionic acid (PA), calcium propionate (CAP), LP + LB; LP + PA and LP + CAP. In comparison with CK, all treatments increased the contents of crude protein and lactic acid, decreased the content of butyric acid, and altered the bacterial communities of the silage. Except for the CAP and LP + CAP treatments, the additives decreased pH and the ammonia nitrogen:total nitrogen (NH3-N:TN) ratio. The results of principal component analysis revealed that the PA, LP + PA and LP + LB treatments ranked as the top three silages. The PA and LP + PA treatments exhibited higher water-soluble carbohydrate content, but lower pH, and NH3-N:TN ratio than the other treatments. With the PA and LP + PA treatments, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Enterobacter decreased, and of Proteobacteria and Delftia increased, while the carbohydrate metabolism of the microorganisms improved. The LP and LB treatments reduced the Shannon and Simpson diversities. In the beta diversity, PA and LP + PA separated from the other treatments, indicating that there were differences in the composition of bacterial species. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased in the LP and LB treatments and of Leucanostoc and Weissella increased in the CAP and LP + CAP treatments. In summary, the addition of L. plantarum, L. buchneri, propionic acid, calcium propionate, and their combinations improved fermentation quality, inhibited harmful bacteria and conserved the nutrients of hybrid Pennisetum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Feng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Ling
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyan Ge
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Sun L, Xue Y, Xiao Y, Te R, Wu X, Na N, Wu N, Qili M, Zhao Y, Cai Y. Community Synergy of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cleaner Fermentation of Oat Silage Prepared with a Multispecies Microbial Inoculant. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0070523. [PMID: 37166312 PMCID: PMC10269639 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00705-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate community synergy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cleaner fermentation of oat silage, oat silages were prepared with or without (control) commercial LAB inoculants LI1 (containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus acidilactici) and LI2 (containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri). The microbial community, LAB synergy, and cleaner fermentation were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 days of ensiling. The LAB inoculant improved fermentation quality, with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH, ammonia nitrogen content, and gas production and higher lactic acid and acetic acid contents than those of the control. Enterobacteriaceae was the main bacterial community in early stage of fermentation, which utilizes sugar to produce CO2 gas, causing dry matter (DM) and energy loss. As fermentation progressed, the microbial diversity decreased, and the microbial community shifted from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria. The inoculation of multispecies LAB displayed community synergy; Pediococcus acidilactici formed a dominant community in the early stage of fermentation, which produced an acid and anaerobic environment for the subsequent growth of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus species, thus forming a LAB-dominated microbial community. The predicted functional profile indicated that the silage inoculated with LI1 enhanced the carbohydrate metabolism pathway but inhibited the amino acid metabolism pathway, which played a role in promoting faster lactic acid production, reducing the decomposition of protein to ammonia nitrogen, and improving the fermentation quality of silage. Therefore, oat silage can be processed to high-quality and cleaner fermented feed by using an LAB inoculant, and LI1 showed better efficiency than LI2. IMPORTANCE Oat natural silage is rich in Enterobacteriaceae, increasing gas production and fermentation loss. Lactic acid bacteria interact synergistically to form a dominant community during ensiling. Pediococci grow vigorously in the early stage of fermentation and create an anaerobic environment. Lactobacilli inhibit the harmful microorganisms and result in cleaner fermentation of oat silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hulunbuir University, Hulunber, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rigele Te
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nier Wu
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Moge Qili
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Chen L, Wang Y, Li X, MacAdam JW, Zhang Y. Interaction between plants and epiphytic lactic acid bacteria that affect plant silage fermentation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164904. [PMID: 37362945 PMCID: PMC10290204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the ability to ferment water-soluble carbohydrates, resulting in the production of significant amounts of lactic acid. When utilized as additives in silage fermentation and feed, they have been shown to enhance the quality of these products. Epiphytic LAB of plants play a major role in the fermentation of silage plants. Plant species in turn affect the community structure of epiphytic LAB. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that epiphytic LAB are more effective than exogenous LAB when applied to silage. Inoculating silage plants with epiphytic LAB has attracted extensive attention because of the potential to improve the fermentation quality of silages. This review discusses the interaction of epiphytic LAB with plants during silage fermentation and compares the effects of exogenous and epiphytic LAB on plant fermentation. Overall, this review provides insight into the potential benefits of using epiphytic LAB as an inoculant and proposes a theoretical basis for improving silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jennifer W. MacAdam
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Obaidat MM, AlShehabat IA. High multidrug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and association with water sources in sheep and goat dairy flocks in Jordan. Prev Vet Med 2023; 215:105922. [PMID: 37084631 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a significant pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and small ruminants. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors of L. monocytogenes in small dairy ruminants in Jordan. A total of 948 milk samples were collected from 155 sheep and goat flocks across Jordan. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the samples, confirmed and tested for 13 clinically important antimicrobials. Data were also collected on the husbandry practices to identify risk factors for the presence of L. monocytogenes. The results showed that the flock-level prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 20.0% (95% CI; 14.46%-26.99%) and the prevalence in the individual milk samples was 6.43% (95% CI; 4.92%-8.36%). The univariable (UOR=2.65, p = 0.021) and multivariable (AOR=2.49, p = 0.028) analyses showed that using water from municipality pipelines as a water source in the flock reduced L. monocytogenes prevalence. All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. High percentages of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.6%), streptomycin (79.3%), kanamycin (75.0%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (63.8%) and clindamycin (61.2%). About 83.6% of the isolates (94.2% and 75% of the sheep and goat isolates) exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). In addition, the isolates exhibited fifty unique antimicrobial resistance profiles. Thus, it's recommended to restrict the misuse of clinically important antimicrobials and to chlorinate and monitor the water sources in sheep and goat flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Vet. Pathol.and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Issa A AlShehabat
- Department of Vet. Pathol.and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
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21
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Sun H, Liao C, Chen L, Cheng Q, Zheng Y, Wang C, Xie Y, Chen C, Li P. Potential for volatile fatty acid production via anaerobically-fermenting rice straw pretreated with silage effluent and phenyllactic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128355. [PMID: 36402281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To resolve environmental problems associated with rice straw and silage effluent disposal, silage effluent pretreating rice straw for the anaerobic production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was investigated. To prevent the lactic acid bacteria in silage effluent from inhibiting anaerobic fermentation, four phenyllactic acid (PLA) levels were set (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/kg). The total VFA yields of treatments pretreated only with silage effluent (CK) were higher than the groups combined with PLA during 15 days fermentation. Compared to PLA treatments, the total VFA of CK increased by 11.4 % ∼ 25.1 % on day 15. The CK showed higher lactic and propionic acid contents and lower pH values (<4.9). The PLA treatments decreased Lactobacillus abundance while increasing bacterial richness and evenness, and acetic and butyric acid contents. These demonstrated silage effluent has the potential to be used as a biological pretreatment for VFA production in anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaosheng Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liangyin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Arzola-Alvarez C, Ruiz-Barrera O, Castillo-Castillo Y, Ontiveros M, Fonseca M, Jones BW, Smith WB, Hume ME, Harvey R, Poole TL, Anderson RC, Arzola-Rubio A, Salinas-Chavira J. Effects in air-exposed corn silage of medium chain fatty acids on select spoilage microbes, zoonotic pathogens, and in vitro rumen fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:45-50. [PMID: 36661390 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2168449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) treatment (0.75% C6, hexanoic; C8, octanoic; C10, decanoic; or equal proportion mixtures of C6:C8:C10:C12 or C8:C10/g; C12 = dodecanoic acid) of aerobically-exposed corn silage on spoilage and pathogenic microbes and rumen fermentation were evaluated in vitro. After 24 h aerobic incubation (37 °C), microbial enumeration revealed 3 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/g fewer (P = 0.03) wild-type yeast and molds in C8:C10-treated silage than controls. Compared with controls, wild-type enterococci decreased (P < 0.01) in all treatments except the C6:C8:C10:C12 mixture; lactic acid bacteria were decreased (P < 0.01) in all treatments except C6 and the C6:C8:C10:C12 mixture. Total aerobes and inoculated Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria monocytogenes were unaffected by treatment (P > 0.05). Anaerobic incubation (24 h at 39 °C) of ruminal fluid (10 mL) with 0.02 g overnight air-exposed MCFA-treated corn silage revealed higher hydrogen accumulations (P = 0.03) with the C8:C10 mixture than controls. Methane, acetate, propionate, butyrate, or estimates of fermented hexose were unaffected. Acetate:propionate ratios were higher (P < 0.01) and fermentation efficiencies were marginally lower (P < 0.01) with C8- or C8:C10-treated silage than controls. Further research is warranted to optimize treatments to target unwanted microbes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mozart Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Barbara W Jones
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - William B Smith
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Hume
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Roger Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Toni L Poole
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robin C Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, USA
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Camilo MG, Fernandes AM, Processi EF, Motta OVDA, Roseira JPS, Oliveira TSDE. Evaluation of the type of silo associated or not with additives on the nutritional value, aerobic stability, and microbiology of pearl millet silage. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20210421. [PMID: 37018838 DOI: 10.1590/0002-3765202320210421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the silo type with the use or not of additives on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, fermentative losses, aerobic stability, fermentative profile, and microbial population of the pearl millet silage. We used a randomized block design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two types of silos (plastic bags and PVC silos) and three additives ([CON] without additive; 50 g of ground corn [GC], and Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, with five replicates per treatment. We evaluated the chemical analyses, in vitro gas production, losses, aerobic stability, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and microbial population of the silages. The use of GC in the ensiling process improved the chemical composition of the silages. The additives and the type of silo did not affect (p > 0.05) the gas production kinetics, ammoniacal nitrogen, and population of lactic acid bacteria and fungi. Thus, the use of ground corn improved the nutritional value of the pearl millet silage. In turn, the inoculant provided better aerobic stability for the pearl millet silage. The plastic bag silos without vacuum were not efficient in the ensiling process like the PVC silos, which resulted in low-quality silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gabriel Camilo
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Laboratório de Zootecnia, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875, Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alberto M Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Laboratório de Zootecnia, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875, Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth F Processi
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Campus Experimental, Estrada do Açúcar, Km 5 - s/n, Penha, 28022-560 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olney V DA Motta
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875, Parque Califórnia 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Roseira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Centro, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tadeu S DE Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Laboratório de Zootecnia, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875, Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Sigolo S, Fancello F, Ghilardelli F, Mosconi M, Prandini A, Masoero F, Yuan X, Gallo A. Survey on the occurrence of silage volatile organic compounds in the Po Valley - Italy. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Guo X, Xu D, Li F, Bai J, Su R. Current approaches on the roles of lactic acid bacteria in crop silage. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:67-87. [PMID: 36468295 PMCID: PMC9803335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play pivotal roles in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops in spontaneous or inoculated silages. Highlights of silage LAB over the past decades include the discovery of the roles of LAB in silage bacterial communities and metabolism and the exploration of functional properties. The present article reviews published literature on the effects of LAB on the succession, structure, and functions of silage microbial communities involved in fermentation. Furthermore, the utility of functional LAB in silage preparation including feruloyl esterase-producing LAB, antimicrobial LAB, lactic acid bacteria with high antioxidant potential, pesticide-degrading LAB, lactic acid bacteria producing 1,2-propanediol, and low-temperature-tolerant LAB have been described. Compared with conventional LAB, functional LAB produce different effects; specifically, they positively affect animal performance, health, and product quality, among others. In addition, the metabolic profiles of ensiled forages show that plentiful probiotic metabolites with but not limited to antimicrobial, antioxidant, aromatic, and anti-inflammatory properties are observed in silage. Collectively, the current knowledge on the roles of LAB in crop silage indicates there are great opportunities to develop silage not only as a fermented feed but also as a vehicle of delivery of probiotic substances for animal health and welfare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Guo
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Xu
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fuhou Li
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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26
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Effects of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum on Fermentation, Dynamics of Bacterial Community, and Their Functional Shifts of Alfalfa Silage with Different Dry Matters. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two bacteriocin-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains on fermentation, bacterial communities, and their functions of alfalfa silage with two dry matter (DM) contents of 355 (moderate DM) and 428 (high DM) g/kg fresh weight. Before ensiling, alfalfa was treated with (1) distilled water (control), (2) the commercial strain L. plantarum MTD/1, (3) bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum ATCC14917, and (4) bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum LP1-4, and ensiled for 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 60 d, and 90 d, respectively. Application of ATCC14917 promoted lactic acid production in the moderate DM silage at the early fermentation stage (3 d). Silages treated with ATCC14917 and LP1-4 showed lower DM losses and non-protein nitrogen concentrations versus the control or MDT/1-treated silage (p < 0.05). During fermentation, a high proportion of Weissella cibaria was observed in the silages with high DM content from 3 to 60 d of ensiling, and the functions of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms of silage bacterial community were decreased by ATCC14917 before 60 d of ensiling. In addition, ATCC14917 also inhibited the growth of Aerococcus and Enterobacter in silage. Therefore, the bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum ATCC14917 has a great potential to improve alfalfa silage quality, nutritive value, and safety as well.
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Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants and Stage-Increased Storage Temperature on Silage Fermentation of Oat on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ensiling is a simple and effective method of alleviating a shortage of forage for ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and stage-increased temperature on the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of oat silage on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The silage was treated with local laboratory inoculant (I) and commercial inoculant (S) and stored at ambient temperature (<10 °C) or stage-increased (5, 10 and 15 days) temperatures of 10 °C and 15 °C for 60 days. The results showed that stage-increased storage temperature can improve silage fermentation. Compared with 10 °C, a stage-increased storage temperature of 15 °C effectively (p < 0.05) promoted the fermentation rate of silage by increasing the dominance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, with higher lactic, acetic and propionic acid contents and a lower ammonia-N ratio of the total N and final pH value. Compared with S, treatment with I increased the water-soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents and decreased the ammonia-N ratio of the total N and final pH value. This work demonstrated that increasing the storage temperature in stages using a warming infrastructure facilitates the preservation of oat silage in cold regions, and the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria could advance silage fermentation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
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Bao X, Feng H, Guo G, Huo W, Li Q, Xu Q, Liu Q, Wang C, Chen L. Effects of laccase and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035942. [PMID: 36274744 PMCID: PMC9582240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa. The application of laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus combination was more potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage than laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus alone, as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic acid to acetic acid ratios, and lower pH, dry matter losses, and ammonia nitrogen contents. Moreover, treatments with additive enhanced protein preservation and structural carbohydrate degradation, while increasing true protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents. By promoting lignin degradation, treatments containing laccase further facilitated the release of sugars from cellulose compared with treatment with Pediococcus pentosaceus alone. The additive treatments reduced the bacterial diversity and optimized the bacterial community composition of silage, with an increase in the relative abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and a decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable Enterobacter and Klebsiella. PICRUSt functional prediction based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases revealed that PL and LPL treatments increased the metabolism of membrane transport, carbohydrate, and terpenoids and polyketides related to fermentation activities. It can be concluded that bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus combination can be an effective and practical strategy to improve silage fermentation and nutrient preservation of alfalfa silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Chen,
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29
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The performance of lactic acid bacteria in silage production: a review of modern biotechnology for silage improvement. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Li X, Chen F, Wang X, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Lin Y, Ni K, Yang F. Innovative utilization of herbal residues: Exploring the diversity of mechanisms beneficial to regulate anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127429. [PMID: 35667532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the utilization of herbal residues, realize efficient utilization of resources, the bacterial community and anaerobic fermentation characteristics of alfalfa ensiling treated with 36 kinds of herbal residues were studied. All the herbal residues improved the anaerobic fermentation quality in different degrees, indicated by lower pH, NH3-N and butyric acid concentrations. However, the contents of lactic and acetic acids varied widely in silage with different herbal residues. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the improved fermentation quality was closely associated with the variation of lactic acid bacteria community. Consequently, the herbal residues could improve anaerobic fermentation quality by stimulating desirable Lactobacillus species and inhibiting undesirable microbes. This study provides new insights for efficient utilization of herbal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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31
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Exploring the Epiphytic Microbial Community Structure of Forage Crops: Their Adaptation and Contribution to the Fermentation Quality of Forage Sorghum during Ensiling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090428. [PMID: 36134971 PMCID: PMC9495736 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of epiphytic microbiota from different forages on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community structure of forage sorghum silage were investigated. The gamma irradiated sterilized forage sorghum was treated through sterile water, epiphytic microbiota of forage sorghum (FSm), Sudan grass (SDm), Napier grass (NPm), and maize (MZm). NPm and SDm inoculated silages showed similar pH value and lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) contents at day 3 and 60 of ensiling. The final silage of FSm and MZm showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and AA content and a higher LA content compared to the NPm and SDm silages. Bacterial species from the Weisella genus were predominantly present in FSm, NPm, and SDm, while Lactococcus dominated the MZm silage during early ensiling. Lactobacillus was predominant in all inoculated terminal silages. Overall, the four inoculated microbiota decreased the pH value of silage and were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, the NPm and SDm treatments resulted in comparatively higher AA contents which could have an inhibitory effect on the secondary fermentation developed by the yeast and enhanced the aerobic stability of forage sorghum silage.
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Li H, Guan H, Jia Z, Liu W, Ma X, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhou Q. Freeze–thaw condition limits the fermentation process and accelerates the aerobic deterioration of oat (Avena sativa) silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944945. [PMID: 35935231 PMCID: PMC9355534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of freeze–thaw condition on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community, and aerobic stability of oat (Avena sativa) silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Oat forage was harvested at milk ripening stage, ensiled in vacuum-sealed bags, and then stored at (1) a constant temperature of 20°C, as a control (20 group) or (2) subjected to freeze–thaw condition (alternating 20 and −5°C every 12 h; S group). The quality and microbial community in the silage were measured after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days of ensiling, and the aerobic stability was measured after 60 days of ensiling at room temperature or at the two treatment temperatures. The results showed that the higher the pH, the lower the concentration of lactic acid and the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid of the samples under freeze–thaw condition, as compared to those stored at 20°C. The dry matter content of 20 groups was significantly higher than S group (p < 0.05). While ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) had no significant difference between two groups. Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Weissella spp. were the most prevalent bacterial genera in all groups. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the 20 group was the highest on day 3 of ensiling (p < 0.05), and it reached the peak on day 14 in the S group, but the abundance in the S group did not exceed 50% during whole fermentation process. The abundance of Enterobacterales and the count of Escherichia coli in the S group was significantly higher than 20 group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the lactic acid concentration was significant correlated with Lactobacillus spp. in 20 group, while correlated with Leuconostoc spp. in S group. The aerobic stability of the S group was lower than that of the 20 group (p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the freeze–thaw condition led to insufficient fermentation degree of silage by limiting the fermentation of Lactobacillus spp. and severely reduced the aerobic stability of oat silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingping Zhou,
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Du Z, Sun L, Lin Y, Yang F, Cai Y. Using PacBio SMRT Sequencing Technology and Metabolomics to Explore the Microbiota-Metabolome Interaction Related to Silage Fermentation of Woody Plant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857431. [PMID: 35794909 PMCID: PMC9251423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Silage fermentation is a dynamic process involving the succession of microbial communities and changes in metabolites. Fresh branched and leaves of paper mulberry were used to prepared silage. Crop by-products including corn bran, rice bran, and wheat bran were used as exogenous additives. Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology and metabolomics are used to explore the interaction mechanism of microbial structure and metabolites during woody silage fermentation and to verify the principle that exogenous additives can modulate silage fermentation. Under the dual stress of anaerobic and acidic environment of silage fermentation, the microbial community changed from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria, and a large amount of lactic acid and volatile fatty acid were produced, which lowered the pH value and caused the rapid death of aerobic bacteria with thin cell walls. The exogenous additives of corn bran and wheat bran accelerated the dynamic succession of lactic acid bacteria as the dominant microbial community in silage fermentation, increased the metabolic pathways of lactic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, citric acid, L-malic acid and other flavoring agents, and inhibited the growth of Clostridium and Enterobacter, thereby improving the flavor and quality of the silage. However, because rice bran contained butyric acid spore bacteria, it can multiply in an anaerobic environment, led to butyric acid fermentation, and promoted protein degradation and ammonia nitrogen production, thereby reduced the fermentation quality of woody silage. The results showed that during the silage fermentation process, the microbial community and the metabolome can interact, and exogenous additives can affect the fermentation quality of silage. SMRT sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics revealed the microbiota-metabolome interaction during silage fermentation. Changes in the structure of the microbial community can affect the metabolic pathways, and the final metabolites can inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are not conducive to silage fermentation. Exogenous carbohydrate additives can change the fermentation substrate and affect microbial community structure, thus modulate the silage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fuyu Yang,
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Yimin Cai,
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Forwood DL, Holman DB, Chaves AV, Meale SJ. Unsalable Vegetables Ensiled With Sorghum Promote Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria and Improve in vitro Rumen Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835913. [PMID: 35633729 PMCID: PMC9133931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the nutritive and microbial profiles and the fermentation characteristics of silage with the following compositions on a dry matter (DM) basis: (1) 100% sorghum, (2) 70% sorghum + 30% carrot or pumpkin, and (3) 40% sorghum + 60% carrot or pumpkin. The treatments were further divided based on the addition or no addition of a probiotic inoculant. After 70 days of ensiling, the silage was incubated for 48 h using the in vitro batch culture technique. Crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates in the silage increased (P ≤ 0.01) by 5.7 percent point (pp) and 9.6 pp, respectively, with pumpkin at 60% DM. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to profile pre-ensiled and ensiled archeal and bacterial communities. Silages containing carrot or pumpkin strongly influenced the microbial structure (PERMANOVA: R2 = 0.75; P < 0.001), despite the ensiled treatments being dominated by Lactobacillus spp., except for the control, which was dominated by Weissella and Pediococcus spp. (P < 0.01). Linear discriminant analysis indicated that carrot and pumpkin silages were responsible for the increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Acinetobacter spp. (log LDA score ≥ 2), respectively. After 48 h of incubation, carrot and pumpkin inclusion increased (P < 0.01) the in vitro DM digestibility by 22.5 and 31.3%, increased the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by 16 and 20.6% (P < 0.01), respectively, and showed a tendency (P = 0.07) to increase the gas production. Therefore, this study supports the use of carrot or pumpkin in sorghum silages to maximize feed digestibility and total VFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Forwood
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Devin B. Holman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Alex V. Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alex V. Chaves,
| | - Sarah J. Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Sarah J. Meale,
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Xie Y, Wang L, Li W, Xu S, Bao J, Deng J, Wu Z, Yu Z. Fermentation Quality, In Vitro Digestibility, and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage in Response to Varying Proportion Alfalfa Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12081039. [PMID: 35454285 PMCID: PMC9027063 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of alfalfa silage on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Three TMRs were prepared with different silage contents on a fresh matter basis: (1) 60% alfalfa silage (AS60), (2) 40% alfalfa silage (AS40), and (3) 20% alfalfa silage (AS20). The lactic acid in AS60 did not increase after 30 days of ensiling (p > 0.05). Butyric acid was detected in the AS20 group after 14 days of ensiling. The AS60 group showed significantly higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than the AS20 group (p < 0.05). The aerobic stability of TMR silage gradually increased with a decreasing percentage of alfalfa silage (p < 0.05). Unlike AS60, which directly gained an acidic environment from the alfalfa silage, AS40 developed a stable acidic environment during ensiling and further improved aerobic stability. However, when the percentage of alfalfa silage was reduced to 20%, a risk of clostridial spoilage occurred in the TMR silage. Therefore, the addition of 40% alfalfa silage to TMR is optimal and could achieve both good fermentation quality and considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration in TMR silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenqi Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shengyang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinze Bao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiajie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Cheng Q, Chen L, Chen Y, Li P, Chen C. Effects of LAB Inoculants on the Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and Bacterial Community of Oat Silage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040787. [PMID: 35456837 PMCID: PMC9026496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been proposed for the control of undesirable fermentation and, subsequently, aerobic deterioration due to their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites in silage mass. To investigate the effect of specific LAB on the silage fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition of oat in cold regions, silages were treated without (control) or with three LAB strains (LB, Lentilactobacillus buchneri; nLP, low temperature tolerant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; pLP, phenyllactic acid-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum), and then stored at ambient temperature (−2.63 ± 5.47−14.29 ± 5.48 °C) for 30, 60, and 90 days. Compared with control, inoculation of LAB decreased the final pH value, butyric acid content, ammonia-N of total N and dry matter loss of silage. Treatments with nLP and pLP increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid content, whereas LB increased (p < 0.05) acetic acid content of silage. Lactiplantibacillus and Leuconostoc dominated in the silages with relative abundance of 68.29−96.63%. A prolonged storage period enhanced the growth of Leuconostoc in pLP-treated silage. In addition, pLP increased (p < 0.05) the aerobic stability of silage as compared with nLP. In conclusion, inoculation of LAB improved silage fermentation and/or delayed aerobic deterioration by shifting bacterial community composition during ensiling. Phenyllactic acid-producing Lactiplantibacillusplantarum as an inoculant exhibited potential for high quality silage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.C.); (L.C.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liangyin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.C.); (L.C.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.C.); (L.C.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.C.); (L.C.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.C.); (L.C.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (C.C.)
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Benjamim da Silva É, Liu X, Mellinger C, Gressley TF, Stypinski JD, Moyer NA, Kung L. Effect of dry matter content on the microbial community and on the effectiveness of a microbial inoculant to improve the aerobic stability of corn silage. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5024-5043. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Menezes GL, de Oliveira AF, Gonçalves LC, de Assis Pires FPA, de Menezes RA, de Sousa PG, Azevêdo JAG, Lana ÂMQ, de Pinho MM, de Araújo VE, Jayme DG. Efficacy of formic acid, enzymes, and microbial additives in silage on the performance of sheep: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effect of phenyllactic acid on silage fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:83. [PMID: 35354370 PMCID: PMC8966296 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of phenyllactic acid as an additive on silage fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass (RCG, Phalaris arundinacea L.) on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. At the heading stage, RCG was harvested, chopped and ensiled in small bag silos. The silage was treated without (control, 1.0 g/mL sterile water, on a fresh matter basis (FM)) or with phenyllactic acid (PLA, 3 mg/mL, FM), antimicrobial additive (PSB, a mixture of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, 2%, FM), lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LABi, L. plantarum + L. curvatus, 1 × 106 cfu/g, FM) and PLA + LABi, and then stored in a dark room at the ambient temperature (5 ~ 15 °C) for 60 days. Results Compared with control, PLA decreased lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia-N contents, and subsequently increased CP content of RCG silage. PLA enhanced the growth of lactic acid bacteria and reduced the count of yeasts (P < 0.05) in RCG silage, with reduced bacterial richness index (Chao1), observed operational taxonomic units and diversity index (Simpson). In relative to control, moreover, PLA and PLA + LABi increased the relative abundance of Lactococcus in RCG silage by 27.73 and 16.93%, respectively. Conclusions Therefore, phenyllactic acid at ensiling improved nutritional quality of RCG silage by advancing the disappearance of yeasts and the dominance of Lactococcus.
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Li X, Chen F, Xu J, Guo L, Xiong Y, Lin Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Addition of Herbal Residues on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Communities, and Ruminal Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Paper Mulberry Silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:820011. [PMID: 35222315 PMCID: PMC8874217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.820011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of herbal residues on the fermentation quality and ruminal fermentation of paper mulberry silage. Clove, mint, and purple perilla residues were used as additives. Silage treatments were designed as control (no additives), 5% of clove, 5% of mint, and 5% of purple perilla. After 21 and 75 days of fermentation, the fermentation characteristics, bacterial communities, and ruminal greenhouse gas emissions in vitro incubation of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that the used herbal residues could reduce the protein losses in paper mulberry silage based on the lower contents of ammoniacal nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen. Compared with control, higher lactic acid and propionic acid contents were observed in the silages treated with mint and purple perilla but with a higher acetic acid content in clove treatment. Real-time sequencing technology (single-molecule real-time) revealed that Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in all silages at the genus level, whereas the bacterial abundance in the treated silages differed greatly from control at the species level. Lactobacillus hammesii abundance was the highest in control, whereas Lactobacillus acetotolerans was the first predominant in the treated silages. All the additives enhanced the digestibility of in vitro dry matter significantly. However, purple perilla decreased the production of total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide. The findings discussed earlier suggested that herbal residues have potential effects in improving fermentation quality, reducing protein loss, and modulating greenhouse gas emissions in the rumen of paper mulberry silage by shifting bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kuikui Ni,
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fuyu Yang,
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Yuan X, Yang X, Wang W, Li J, Dong Z, Zhao J, Shao T. The effects of natamycin and hexanoic acid on the bacterial community, mycotoxins concentrations, fermentation profiles, and aerobic stability of high moisture whole-crop corn silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang H, Xue X, Song M, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang F, Zhang L, Gao T. Comparison of feeding value, ruminal fermentation and bacterial community of a diet comprised of various corn silages or combination with wheat straw in finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jung JS, Ravindran B, Soundharrajan I, Awasthi MK, Choi KC. Improved performance and microbial community dynamics in anaerobic fermentation of triticale silages at different stages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126485. [PMID: 34871725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Production of high-quality grass-based silages by microbial-mediated anaerobic fermentation is an effective strategy in livestock farms. In the present study, an ensiling process was used to preserve and enhance fermentative metabolites in triticale silages with novel inoculants of Lactobacillus rhamanosus -52 and, Lactobacillus rhamanosus-54. Triticale silages treated with LAB predominantly had lower pH values than control silages due to rapid changes of microbial counts. LAB addition improved anaerobic fermentation profiles showing higher lactic acid, but lower acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations. A background microbial dynamic study indicated that the addition of L. rhamanosus-52 and L. rhamanosus-54 improved silage fermentation, enriched Lactobacillus spp., and decreased microbial richness with diversity, leading to increased efficiency of lactic acid fermentation. In conclusion, LAB treatment can increase silage quality by enhancing the dominance of desirable Lactobacillus while inhibiting the growth of undesirable microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sung Jung
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, 31000, Republic of Korea.
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Du Z, Lin Y, Sun L, Yang F, Cai Y. Microbial community structure, co-occurrence network and fermentation characteristics of woody plant silage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1193-1204. [PMID: 34343355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed shortage is a factor restricting animal production in the tropics, therefore how to use natural woody plant resources as animal feed is an important strategy. RESULTS Under the dual stress of an anaerobic and acidic environment, the microbial response during the fermentation of paper mulberry (PM) silage was found to be sensitive. The Gram-negative bacteria and mould died, and the dominant microbial community rapidly shifted to Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in a large reduction in microbial diversity and abundance. Exogenous bran additives interfered with the stress effects of the woody silage environment. Wheat bran (WB) accelerated the response of microorganisms to the anaerobic stress, and lactic acid bacteria became the dominant microbial community, thereby enhancing the lactic acid fermentation of silage, affecting the metabolic pathways of microorganisms, and improving the flavour and quality of the silage. Addition of rice bran made Enterobacter and Clostridium species quickly respond to the stress of the silage environment and become the predominant bacterial groups. In particular, anaerobic and spore-forming Clostridium species showed a strong tolerance to the silage environment, leading to butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation of the silage, and reducing its fermentation quality. CONCLUSION The PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology accurately revealed the microbial co-occurrence network and fermentation mechanism of silage. Our results indicate that PM can be used in combination with WB to prepare high-quality silage for animal production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yanli Lin
- Science Department, Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Hohhot, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
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Zhang L, Shang Y, Li J, Fu T, Lian H, Gao T, Shi Y, Li M. Comparison of feeding diets including dried or ensiled peanut vines as forage sources on the growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial community in young Holstein bulls. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13675. [PMID: 35068014 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial community of young bulls fed with diets including dried or ensiled peanut vines and to investigate whether the combination of dry peanut vine and corn silage could exhibit better feeding effects. Forty-five young Holstein bulls were selected and fed for 60 days. The total mixed ration (TMR) was formulated as follows: (1) a dry peanut vine-based diet (DPV), (2) a peanut vine silage-based diet (PVS), and (3) a whole-plant corn silage mixed with the DPV (WPCS-DPV). The ratio of dietary concentrate to forage was 50:50. The results showed that the dried and ensiled peanut vines used in beef diet exhibited no difference in the average daily gain of bulls (p = 0.490). The pH of rumen fluid in bulls fed with the WPCS-DPV and PVS diets was lower than that in bulls fed with the DPV diet (p < 0.001). The bulls fed with the DPV diet had increased Ace and Chao1 values of rumen bacterial community compared with bulls fed with the PVS diet (p < 0.05). This study confirmed the feasibility of ensiling as a preservation procedure for peanut vines and provides a reference for its utilization schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuan Shang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jichao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Tong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Ming Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
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Tian J, Yin X, Zhang J. Changes of the fermentation quality and microbial community during re-ensiling of sweet corn stalk silage. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- South Pratacultural Research Centre, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- South Pratacultural Research Centre, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- South Pratacultural Research Centre, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
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Vaičiulienė G, Bakutis B, Jovaišienė J, Falkauskas R, Gerulis G, Kerzienė S, Baliukonienė V. Prevalence of Mycotoxins and Endotoxins in Total Mixed Rations and Different Types of Ensiled Forages for Dairy Cows in Lithuania. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120890. [PMID: 34941727 PMCID: PMC8707214 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 119 samples of total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forage (maize and grass silage, and haylage) collected in 2019–2020 from dairy farms in Lithuania were analyzed to evaluate the quantitative occurrence of mycotoxins and endotoxins. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescent (FLD) and an ultraviolet detector (UV) of mycotoxins and a detection assay based on the ELISA technology for endotoxins. The study included toxins regulated within the European Union (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin) and nonregulated toxins (endotoxins). Mycotoxin analysis showed that 49.58% of the samples out of 119 were positive for AFB1, 52.11% for ZEA and DON, 55.47% for T-2 toxin and 84.04% for endotoxins. In the contaminated samples, the highest mean values of AFB1 and T-2 toxin were determined in the grass silage samples, while ZEA and DON–were determined in the maize silage samples. Maize silage samples had the highest ZEA and DON concentrations, exceeding the EU maximum permissible concentration limits. In the haylage samples, AFB1 mycotoxin exceeded the maximum concentration limits. The highest mean value of endotoxins was determined in the total mixed rations samples. This is the first study to provide information about the concentrations of mycotoxins and endotoxins in total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forages for dairy cows in Lithuania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Vaičiulienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37064162418
| | - Bronius Bakutis
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Jurgita Jovaišienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Rimvydas Falkauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Gediminas Gerulis
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Sigita Kerzienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Violeta Baliukonienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.B.); (J.J.); (R.F.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
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Wei SN, Jeong EC, Li YF, Kim HJ, Ahmadi F, Kim JG. Evaluation of forage quality, feed value, and ensilability of Proso
millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Korea. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 64:38-51. [PMID: 35174341 PMCID: PMC8819318 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid
[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that
can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop
with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal
lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed
value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a
silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown
on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and
sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10
at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was
evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although
forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid,
its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.
Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate
decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in
proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in
vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as
fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped
rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and
sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in
proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day
10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log10 CFU/g fresh weight
for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling
progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops
increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of
sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter,
fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid
makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where
agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to
evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or
microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during
ensiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Nan Wei
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Eun Chan Jeong
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yan Fen Li
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Hak Jin Kim
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National
University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Farhad Ahmadi
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National
University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jong Geun Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National
University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jong Geun Kim, Graduate
School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea. Tel: +82-33-339-5728, E-mail:
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Listeria decontamination of chicken meat with beer brewed with bacteriocin producing Saccharomyces boulardii. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Jia T, Yun Y, Yu Z. Propionic Acid and Sodium Benzoate Affected Biogenic Amine Formation, Microbial Community, and Quality of Oat Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750920. [PMID: 34819922 PMCID: PMC8606646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the microbial communities and biogenic amine (BA) formation in silage is of vital for improving the quality and safety of oat silage. The present study evaluated the effects of propionic acid (P) and sodium benzoate (SB) on the quality properties, microbial communities, and BA formation in oat silage. Oat was harvested at boot stage and ensiled using P and SB as additives in mini silos, followed by 14 days of aerobic exposure. The results showed that P and SB improved fermentation quality of oat silage, increased the lactic acid content, and decreased pH value and ammonia nitrogen content. Putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were the dominant BAs in oat silage; spermidine and spermine were not detected. The control silage had the highest content of total biogenic amine (TBA, 2506.7 mg kg–1 DM), and decreased by 51.1 and 57.7% after adding P and SB, respectively. Moreover, a lower putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine content and undesirable microbes, such as Caproiciproducens, Stenotrophomonas, Herbinix, and Enterobacter genera, were observed in P and SB silages, which was beneficial for oat silage quality. The fungal community of P silage was dominated by Monascus fuliginosus, and the temperature, pH and ammonia nitrogen content increased after exposure to air. Sedimentibacter, Herbinix, Caproiciproducens, Enterobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella were found to be positively correlated with BA formation in oat silage. Overall, P and SB effectively inhibit the undesirable microbes and BA formation in oat silage, the P silage exhibited lower aerobic stability than the SB silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yun
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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