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Olanrewaju OS, Molale-Tom LG, Bezuidenhout CC. Genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in South African Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus lactis isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:289. [PMID: 39102038 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the empirical findings of an in-depth genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus lactis isolates from South Africa. It offers valuable insights into their genetic characteristics and their significant implications for public health. The study uncovers nuanced variations in the gene content of these isolates, despite their similar GC contents, providing a comprehensive view of the evolutionary diversity within the species. Genomic islands are identified, particularly in E. faecalis, emphasizing its propensity for horizontal gene transfer and genetic diversity, especially in terms of antibiotic resistance genes. Pangenome analysis reveals the existence of a core genome, accounting for a modest proportion of the total genes, with 2157 core genes, 1164 shell genes, and 4638 cloud genes out of 7959 genes in 52 South African E. faecalis genomes (2 from this study, 49 south Africa genomes downloaded from NCBI, and E. faecalis reference genome). Detecting large-scale genomic rearrangements, including chromosomal inversions, underscores the dynamic nature of bacterial genomes and their role in generating genetic diversity. The study uncovers an array of antibiotic resistance genes, with trimethoprim, tetracycline, glycopeptide, and multidrug resistance genes prevalent, raising concerns about the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. Virulence gene profiling unveils a diverse repertoire of factors contributing to pathogenicity, encompassing adhesion, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and tissue damage. These empirical findings provide indispensable insights into these bacteria's genomic dynamics, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and virulence potential, underlining the pressing need to address antibiotic resistance and implement robust control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Lesego G Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Cornelius C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Rahaman M, Sultana T, Rahman MM, Siddique N, Faisal GM, Hasan MM, Das ZC, Aminoor Rahman ANM, Islam T, Hoque MN. Draft genome sequencing of Enterococcus avium strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0023624. [PMID: 38700341 PMCID: PMC11237421 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00236-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed whole-genome sequencing of four multidrug-resistant Enterococcus avium strains isolated from milk (4M1), feces (4F1 and 4F2), and farm soil (4S1) of mastitic dairy cows. The draft genomes of E. avium strains 4M1, 4F1, 4F2, and 4S1 were approximately 4.2 Mbp, with 39.1% GC content and 66.5× coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Rahaman
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Taniya Sultana
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Morshedur Rahman
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Naim Siddique
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mahbub Faisal
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - A. N. M. Aminoor Rahman
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Liu J, Liang Z, Zhongla M, Wang H, Sun X, Zheng J, Ding X, Yang F. Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Enterococci Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in Ningxia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2121-2129. [PMID: 38828370 PMCID: PMC11141574 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s461587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of enterococcal isolates (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae) isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in Ningxia, China. Patients and Methods The enterococci were identified by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion method. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by PCR assays. Results Overall, 198 enterococcal isolates were identified from 2897 mastitis samples, including 137 (4.7%) E. faecalis, 50 (1.7%) E. faecium and 11 (0.4%) E. hirae. E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline (92.7%, 68.0%, 90.9%), followed by erythromycin (86.9%, 76.0%, 72.7%). The multidrug-resistant strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were 29 (21.2%) and 13 (26.0%), respectively. The resistance of E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae isolates to tetracycline is mainly attributed to the presence of tetL (alone or combined with tetM and/or tetK), the erythromycin resistance to ermB (alone or combined with ermC and/or ermA). Moreover, cpd (94.2%), gelE (77.4%), efaAfs (93.4%), and esp (79.6%) were the most common virulence genes in E. faecalis. In E. faecium, except for the gene efaAfs (82.0%), other virulence genes are rarely found. Only two strains of E. hirae carrying asa1 gene were detected. Conclusion The results of this study can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis caused by enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maocao Zhongla
- Gannan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hezuo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College, Xiangyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Yu Q, Han L, Chen X. Molecular Characterization of Resistance and Virulence Factors of Trueperella pyogenes Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1979-1986. [PMID: 38800580 PMCID: PMC11122176 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s433578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was designed to investigate the resistance determinants and virulence factors of 45 Trueperella pyogenes isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Hexi Corridor of Gansu, China. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was tested by E-test method. Gene of antimicrobial resistance, virulence integrase and integron gene cassettes were determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results The T. pyogenes isolates exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (88.9%) and tetracycline (64.4%), followed by erythromycin (15.6%) and gentamicin (13.3%). Resistance to streptomycin was most commonly encoded by aadA9 (88.9%); and to tetracycline, by tetW (64.4%). Importantly, all streptomycin-resistant isolates carried aadA9 alone or in combination with aadA1, aadA11 and strA-strB. Similarly, all tetracycline-resistant isolates harbored tetW alone or in combination with tetA33. Meanwhile, ermX was detected in 13.3% isolates, only one erythromycin-resistant isolate was not identified for this gene. Moreover, all T. pyogenes isolates carried class 1 integrons, and 17.8% of them contained gene cassettes, including arrays aadA1-aadB (4.4%), aad A24-dfrA1-ORF1 (2.2%) and aadA1 (2.2%). Furthermore, all tested isolates harbored virulent genes plo and fimA, followed by fimC (88.9%), fimE (86.6%) nanP (75.6%), nanH (40.0%), cbpA (35.6%) and fimG (6.7%). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of integron gene cassettes of T. pyogenes isolates from bovine mastitis cases in China. These findings are useful for developing the prevention and the virulence factors of T. pyogenes could be promising candidates for vaccine antigens for bovine mastitis caused by T. pyogenes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
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Ji Y, Zhao Z, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Song L, Ou H, Liu M, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Han W, Li X, Gu J. Potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative treatment strategy for mastitis infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9174-9185. [PMID: 37641240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout the world. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the environmental origin mastitis-causing pathogens. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics. Due to the negative impact of developing antibiotic resistance and adverse effects on soil and water environments, the trend toward use of nonantibiotic treatments is increasing. Phages may represent a promising alternative treatment strategy. However, it is unknown whether phages have therapeutic effects on E. faecalis-induced mastitis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the degree of protection conferred by a phage during murine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the milk of dairy cows with mastitis, and a phage was isolated using the E. faecalis isolates as hosts. The bactericidal ability of the phage against E. faecalis and the ability to prevent biofilm formation were determined in vitro. The therapeutic potential of the phage on murine mastitis was evaluated in vivo. We isolated 14 strains of E. faecalis from the milk of cows with mastitis, all of which exhibited multidrug resistance, and most (10/14) could form strong biofilms. Subsequently, a new phage (EF-N13) was isolated using the multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 (isolated from mastitic milk) as the host. The phage EF-N13 belongs to the family Myoviridae, which has short latent periods (5 min) and high bursts (284 pfu/cell). The genome of EF-N13 lacked bacterial virulence-, antibiotic resistance-, and lysogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, bacterial loading in the raw milk medium was significantly reduced by EF-N13 and was unaffected by potential IgG antibodies. In fact, EF-N13 could effectively prevent the formation of biofilm by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. All of these characteristics suggest that EF-N13 has potential as mastitis therapy. In vivo, 1 × 105 cfu/gland of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 resulted in mastitis development within 24 h. A single dose of phage EF-N13 (1 × 104, 1 × 105, or 1 × 106 pfu/gland) could significantly decrease bacterial counts in the mammary gland at 24 h postinfection. Histopathological observations demonstrated that treatment with phage EF-N13 effectively alleviated mammary gland inflammation and damage. This effect was confirmed by the lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mammary gland treated with phage EF-N13 compared with those treated with phosphate-buffered saline. Overall, the data underscored the potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative therapy for bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Liran Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongda Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Paschoalini BR, Nuñez KVM, Maffei JT, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Gebara C, Freitas NE, dos Santos MV, Fidelis CE, Kappes R, Gonçalves MC, Silva NCC. The Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characteristics in Enterococcus Species Isolated from Bovine Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1243. [PMID: 37627663 PMCID: PMC10451337 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp., including E. faecalis and E. faecium, pose risks to dairy farms as opportunistic pathogens. The study evaluates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk. Bile esculin agar was used to assess 1471 milk samples, followed by colony identification, gram staining, catalase tests, and 45 °C incubation. PCR analysis targeted E. faecalis and E. faecium in characteristic Enterococcus spp. colonies, with MALDI-TOF used for negative samples. Multiple tests, including disk diffusion, chromogenic VRE agar for vancomycin resistance, Vancomycin Etest® for MIC determination, and PCR for virulence factors (cylA, esp, efaA, ace, asa1, gelE, and hyl genes), were performed. Out of 100 identified strains, E. durans (30.66%), E. faecium (26.28%), and E. faecalis (18.25%) were predominant. AMR in Enterococcus spp. varied, with the highest rates against rifampicin (27%), tetracycline (20%), and erythromycin (18%). Linezolid (5%), vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and teicoplanin (3% each) had lower prevalence. E. faecium and E. faecalis showed high AMR to rifampicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Thirty-two strains (18.98%) grew on VRE Chromoselect agar, while 4 (2 E. faecalis and 2 E. faecium) showed vancomycin resistance by MIC values. E. faecalis carried gelE (45.5%) and asa1 (36%), and E. gallinarum had 9.1% with the asa1 gene. Detecting resistant Enterococcus in bovine milk supports control strategies for enterococci on dairy farms, highlighting AMR concerns in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rizzo Paschoalini
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Karen Vanessa Munive Nuñez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Juliana Takahashi Maffei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Hélio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (H.L.); (F.F.G.)
| | - Felipe Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (H.L.); (F.F.G.)
| | - Clarice Gebara
- Food Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Road, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.G.); (N.E.F.)
| | - Natylane Eufransino Freitas
- Food Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Road, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.G.); (N.E.F.)
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.V.d.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fidelis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.V.d.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Roberto Kappes
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Mônica Correia Gonçalves
- Center for Agro-Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58840-000, PB, Brazil;
| | - Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
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Yang F, Shi W, Meng N, Zhao Y, Ding X, Li Q. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190790. [PMID: 37455736 PMCID: PMC10344457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci, mainly including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), are one of the most common pathogens causing bovine mastitis worldwide. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion combined with E-test method. Genes of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors were determined by PCR. A total of 332 staphylococcal isolates were confirmed from 1,519 mastitic milk samples, including 172 S. aureus and 160 CNS isolates. Fifteen CNS species were identified, with S. chromogenes being the most frequent found (49.4%), followed by S. equorum (13.8%). Noticeably, 2 S. agnetis isolates were found among the CNS isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the presence of S. agnetis from bovine mastitis in China. The S. aureus and CNS isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was found in 11.6 and 16.3% of the S. aureus and CNS isolates, respectively. Resistance to penicillin was attributed to the presence of blaZ, erythromycin resistance to ermC (alone or combined with ermB) and tetracycline resistance to tetK (alone or combined with tetM). Notably, one S. equorum isolate and one S. saprophyticus isolate were both methicillin-resistant and mecA positive. Additionally, all S. aureus isolates carried the adhesin genes fnbpA, clfA, clfB, and sdrC, and most of them contained cna and sdrE. Conversely, only a few of the CNS isolates carried clfA, cna, and fnbA. Regarding toxin genes, all S. aureus isolates harbored hlb, and most of them were hlg positive. The lukE-lukD, lukM, sec, sed, sei, sen, seo, tst, seg, seh, and sej were also detected with low frequencies. However, no toxin genes were observed in CNS isolates. This study reveals high species diversity of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. The findings for the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor provide valuable information for control and prevention of staphylococcal bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Wu Q, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gu X, He H, Jin X. Pyogranulomatous dermatitis with Enterococcus faecalis in a spotted seal (Phoca larga). Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:985-991. [PMID: 36253881 PMCID: PMC10029880 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous infections are important diseases in captive and free-ranging pinnipeds and are associated with various causative agents. Some special agents, such as fungi, morbillivirus and mycobacteria, can cause cutaneous specific granulomatous inflammation. OBJECTIVES To identity the cause of chronic dermatitis in a spotted seal in an aquarium. METHODS Herein, we analyze the clinical history and cutaneous samples of the spotted seal through differential diagnosis (histopathology, microorganism culture, special histochemical staining methods, PCR), and antibiotic susceptibility test. RESULTS This is a rare pyogranulomatous dermatitis case caused by E. faecalis in a captive adult male spotted seal (Phoca largha) in an aquarium. CONCLUSIONS We provide a meaningful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis in pinnipeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxing Wu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Hongxuan He
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Jin
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Liang Z, Shen J, Liu J, Sun X, Yang Y, Lv Y, Zheng J, Mou X, Li H, Ding X, Yang F. Prevalence and Characterization of Serratia marcescens Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2727-2735. [PMID: 37168514 PMCID: PMC10166088 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s408632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Methods S. marcescens was identified by the polymerase-chain reaction of 16S rRNA gene and sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method. Genes of resistance and virulence were determined by the PCR. Results Overall, S. marcescens were confirmed from 32 of 2897 (1.1%) mastitis milk samples. These isolates showed high resistance to cefazolin (30/32, 93.8%) and chloramphenicol (28/32, 87.5%). A 12.5% (4/32) of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The most prevalent resistant genes found in S. marcescens were TEM (32/32, 100%) and CTX-M (24/32, 75.0%; CTX-M-15, 14/32, 43.8%; CTX-M-14, 8/32, 25.0%; CTX-M-65, 2/32, 6.3%) for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, cmlA (28/32, 87.5%) and floR (16/32, 50.0%) for chloramphenicol resistance, SIM-1 (2/32, 6.3%) for carbapenemases, and sdeB (28/32, 87.5%), sdeY (26/32, 81.3%), sdeR (26/32, 81.3%) and sdeD (20/32, 62.5%) for efflux pumps. Moreover, all isolates carried virulence genes flhD, entB, and kpn, and most of them contained mrkD (30/32, 93.8%), ycfM (26/32, 81.3%), bsmB (26/32, 81.3%), pigP (26/32, 81.3%), kfu (24/32, 75.0%) and shlB (24/32, 75.0%). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic determinants for antimicrobial resistance and virulence in S. marcescens isolated from bovine mastitis cases in China. These findings are useful for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. marcescens in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lv
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Mou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feng Yang; Xuezhi Ding, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 335 Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-931-2115262, Fax +86-931-2114180, Email ;
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Dairy Products: A Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244116. [PMID: 36553858 PMCID: PMC9778350 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to present the antimicrobial resistance, virulence and resistance genes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from raw goat's and sheep's milk and cheese. Strains were identified by PCR. The dominant species was E. faecalis (77.8%) and was most often isolated from raw goat's milk. The percentage of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis isolates was higher than that of E. faecium isolates, the former most frequently resistant to lincomycin (98%), tetracycline (63%) and streptomycin (16%). Fourteen (22.3%) E. faecalis and 2 (11.1%) E. faecium isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). All MDR E. faecalis strains also had virulence genes, whereas one of the two E. faecium strains had them. The most prevalent virulence genes in E. faecalis isolates were asa1 (69.8%) and gelE (57.1%). The most prevalent resistance genes found in both bacterial species were tet(M) (43.2%) and vgaA (22.2%). Enterococci from dairy products are confirmed to be a potential source of the spread of antimicrobial resistance, MDR strains, and virulence and resistance genes. This study highlights several aspects of the virulence and pathogenicity of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from dairy products-aspects which are indications for their ongoing monitoring.
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Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles, and Public Health Significance of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Clinical Mastitis of Cattle in Bangladesh. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8101866. [PMID: 36203487 PMCID: PMC9532099 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify Enterococcus faecalis from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed. E. faecalis were isolated by culturing on enterococcal selective media and identified by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was elucidated by the disc diffusion method, and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was done by PCR. E. faecalis were isolated from 11.25% (9/80) of the clinical mastitis and 4% (1/25) of the apparently healthy cattle milk samples. The disc diffusion test revealed 40% isolates as resistant to tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively. Among them, 20% (2/10) of isolates showed resistance to both tetracycline and azithromycin. Tetracycline-resistant isolates showed MIC ranging from ≥64 to >128 μg/ml and carried tetracycline-resistant genes tetK, tetL, and tetM in 25%, 25%, and 50% of the resistant isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. In addition, the isolates carried at least one of the nine virulence genes screened with pil having the highest frequency, followed by fsrB, fsrC, ace, sprE, gelE, and agg genes. Positive correlations were evident between ace, fsrC, gelE, and sprE genes that are associated with the attachment and biofilm formation in E. faecalis. E. faecalis isolated in this study carried antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants which explain their competence to be potential human pathogens.
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Rotta IS, Rodrigues WF, Dos Santos CTB, Mantovani HC, De Oliveira AG, Machado ABF, Paiva AD. Clinical isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium harboring virulence genes show the concomitant presence of CRISPR loci and antibiotic resistance determinants. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105715. [PMID: 35973648 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of gene-encoding virulence factors and CRISPR systems, as well as the ability to produce lytic enzymes among clinical E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates (n = 44). All enterococci isolates showed phenotypes of multidrug resistance. E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates exhibited high-level aminoglycoside resistance phenotype, several of them harboring the aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)Ia and aph(3')-IIIa genes. The gene vanA was the most frequent among vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. High prevalence of the virulence genes esp and efaA were observed; hyl gene was more associated with E. faecium, while ace and efaA genes were more frequently detected in E. faecalis. Caseinase activity was frequently detected among the isolates. Gelatinase and DNAse activities predominated among E. faecalis, while hemolytic capability was frequent among E. faecium isolates. Twenty-nine isolates showed at least one CRISPR system investigated. Several enterococci isolates harbored the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia or aph(3')-IIIa genes and a CRISPR loci. CRISPR loci were positively correlated to efaA and gelE genes, and gelatinase and DNAse activities, while CRISPR loci absence was related to hyl gene presence. These results show that clinical isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium harboring virulence genes show the concomitant presence of CRISPR loci and antibiotic resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Sguilla Rotta
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Tadeu Barbosa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Gonçalves De Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Dias Paiva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081079. [PMID: 36009947 PMCID: PMC9404765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.
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Yu L, Liu Y, Liu M, Li Z, Li L, Wang F. Research Note: Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene analysis of Enterococcus faecalis in poultry in Tai'an, China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101763. [PMID: 35263706 PMCID: PMC8904221 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic losses in the poultry-breeding industry. In our study, cecal samples from broilers with cecal enlargement at slaughterhouses in Tai'an, China, were analyzed. The results revealed that the 61 E. faecalis strains had drug resistance rates ranging from 96.72 to 8.20% against 11 antibiotics in 5 classes, of which erythromycin (96.72%) and tetracycline (96.72%) had the highest rates and vancomycin (8.20%) the lowest. The highest detection rate of multiple drug-resistant strains in 61 isolates was 72.13%. The results of polymerase chain reaction showed that, of the 12 virulence genes, ccf had the highest detection rate (80.33%), followed by asal and cob (both 78.69%), whereas hyl had the lowest (6.56%). Among 15 drug resistance genes, ermB had the highest detection rate (95.08%), followed by tetM (91.80%) and tetL (90.16%), whereas tetK (0.00%) and vanB (0.00%) remained undetected. Of the 34 sequence types found with multilocus sequence typing, the most predominant were ST631 (13.11%, 8/61) and ST634 (8.2%, 5/61). Our results provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational use of antibiotics and preventing the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, along with epidemiological data for the risk analysis of food-borne bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms in Shandong Province.
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de Souza Rodrigues D, Lannes‐Costa PS, da Silva Santos G, Ribeiro RL, Langoni H, Teixeira LM, Nagao PE. Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and invasion of mammary epithelial cells by
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus mundtii
strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:184-194. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pamella Silva Lannes‐Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Rachel Leite Ribeiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade do Estado de São Paulo Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Prevalence of subclinical mastitis among dairy cattle and associated risks factors in China during 2012–2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2022; 148:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bovine mastitis in northeastern Brazil: Occurrence of emergent bacteria and their phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 85:101802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lopes TS, Fussieger C, Rizzo FA, Silveira S, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria associated with cow mastitis in southern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bovine mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and responsible for economic losses in the milk industry. The present study aimed to identify the main species and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from cow herds with mastitis in dairy farms from southern Brazil. A total of 107 milk samples were collected from different cow herds in one important dairy producing region in southern Brazil, including farms located in ten cities from the Northeast region in the Rio Grande do Sul state. Bacterial strains were isolated and submitted to presumptive identification by classical bacteriological methods. Bacterial species were also identified by MALDI-TOF MS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with 12 antimicrobials commonly used in dairy farms. Fifty-one bacterial strains were isolated and the presumptive identification demonstrated the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. (82.3%), Bacillus spp. (3.9%), Klebsiella spp. (3.9%), Streptococcus spp. (3.9%), Corynebacterium sp. (2%), Enterococcus sp. (2%) and Serratia sp. (2%). Forty-one isolates were successfully identified in the MALDI-TOF analysis, including 35 isolates from eleven different bacterial species. Importantly, there were eight different Staphylococcus species, with a high frequency of Staphylococcus chromogenes (48.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20%). Overall, bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to penicillin (46.3%), tetracycline (39%), amoxicillin (36.6%), ampicillin (34.1%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (31.7%). Enrofloxacin was the unique antimicrobial that all isolates were susceptible. In addition, there were six multidrug resistant isolates (five S. chromogenes and one S. aureus). This study highlights that bacterial pathogens with resistance to several antimicrobials were identified in cows from dairy farms in a very important milk producing region located in southern Brazil. Microbial identification of the bovine mastitis pathogens and determination of the antimicrobial profile is necessary for the rational use of the medicines.
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Shen J, Wu X, Yang Y, Lv Y, Li X, Ding X, Wang S, Yan Z, Yan Y, Yang F, Li H. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factor of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in Northwest China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3519-3530. [PMID: 34511943 PMCID: PMC8418370 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s327924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a major pathogen in bovine mastitis. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, as well as the spread of resistance and virulence-associated gene of S. dysgalactiae. Methods A total of 60 S. dysgalactiae strains were obtained from 830 milk samples from Holstein cows with clinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance was examined by the disk diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results All isolates were resistant to tetracycline and showed a high level of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, where 81.67% of the strains were multi-resistant to these ten sorts of antibiotics. In addition, the most prevalent resistance gene in S. dysgalactiae was aphA-1 (98.33%), followed by blaTEM (96.67%), ermB (83.3%), aadA1/aadA2 (78.33%) and tetL (73.33%). Totally, seven virulence genes with 25 combination patterns were detected in these isolates, and each isolates harbored at least one virulence gene. 21.67% of the isolates carried three or more virulence genes, while one strain with seven virulence-related genes and belonged to cfb+lmb+eno+napr+bca+scpB+cyl. Conclusion These findings indicate that S. dysgalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in Northwest China show a variety of molecular ecology and are highly resistant to antibiotics commonly used in dairy farms. This research will help investigators better understand the pathophysiology S. dysgalactiae in bovine mastitis and choose the appropriate antibiotics to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirao Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayuan Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lv
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpu Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kang HJ, Yoon S, Kim K, Lee YJ. Characteristics of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1724. [PMID: 34207875 PMCID: PMC8229648 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci, which are considered environmental mastitis-causing pathogens, have easily acquired aminoglycoside-resistant genes that encode various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME). Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the distribution of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria isolated from bulk tank milk in four dairy companies in Korea. Moreover, it analyzed the characteristics of their antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. Among the 301 E. faecalis bacteria studied, 185 (61.5%) showed HLAR with no significant differences among the dairy companies. Furthermore, 129 (69.7%) of the 185 HLAR E. faecalis showed MDR without significant differences among companies. In contrast, HLAR E. faecalis from companies A, B, and C were significantly higher in resistance to the four classes than those in company D, which had the highest MDR ability against the three antimicrobial classes (p < 0.05). In addition, in the distribution of AME genes, 72 (38.9%) and 36 (19.5%) of the isolates carried both aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6)-Ia genes, and the ant (6)-Ia gene alone, respectively, with significant differences among the companies (p < 0.05). In the distribution of virulence genes, the ace (99.5%), efa A (98.9%), and cad 1 (98.4%) genes were significantly prevalent (p < 0.05). Thus, our results support that an advanced management program by companies is required to minimize the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Koeun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
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Sorge US, Huber-Schlenstedt R, Schierling K. In vitro antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus uberis, Lactococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. from quarter milk samples of cows between 2015 and 2019 in Southern Germany. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5998-6012. [PMID: 33685690 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance patters of esculin-hydrolyzing streptococci and streptococcal-like organisms (Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis) from routine diagnostic samples of the udder health laboratory of the Bavarian Animal Health Services between 2015 and 2019. All routine diagnostic samples of the udder health laboratory of the Bavarian Animal Health Services, that were tested with a standard microbroth dilution, were eligible to be included in this retrospective case series. A California Mastitis Test result was available for all samples. Most Strep. uberis and L. lactis were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Enterococcus faecium had consistently the highest minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of tested isolates. The resistance patterns of Lactococcus garvieae were positioned between enterococci and L. lactis. The minimum inhibitory concentration for various antibiotics and pathogens tended to decrease over the 5-yr period. Regardless of the pathogen, isolates of clinical cases were less likely to express in vitro resistance than isolates of healthy or subclinical cases. Streptococcus uberis or L. lactis showed hardly any in vitro resistance to tested antibiotic groups. Penicillin should remain the first-choice antimicrobial for the therapy of Strep. uberis and Lactococcus spp. However, a success of any antimicrobial treatment of enterococcal infections seems questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike S Sorge
- Department of Udder Health and Milk Quality, Bavarian Animal Health Services, 85586 Poing, Germany.
| | - R Huber-Schlenstedt
- Department of Udder Health and Milk Quality, Bavarian Animal Health Services, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - K Schierling
- Department of Udder Health and Milk Quality, Bavarian Animal Health Services, 85586 Poing, Germany
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22
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Yoon S, Lee YJ. Molecular Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:661. [PMID: 33801463 PMCID: PMC7998752 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are considered to be environmental mastitis-causing pathogens that can easily spread antimicrobial resistance or virulence genes via horizontal transfer. In this study, the molecular characteristics of enterococci from bulk tank milk were investigated to assess the importance of dairy herd management. A total of 338 enterococci (305 Enterococcus faecalis and 33 Enterococcus faecium) were isolated from 1584 batches of bulk tank milk samples from 396 farms affiliated with four dairy companies in Korea, and significant differences (40.6-79.7%) (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of enterococci were observed in the samples from different companies. Enterococci showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (TET) (73.4%), followed by doxycycline (DOX) (49.7%) and erythromycin (ERY) (46.2%), while two enterococci isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (VAN). Among 146 tetracycline (TET) and ERY-resistant enterococci, each 50 (19.4%) enterococci carried combination-resistance and transposon gene types erm(B) + tet(M) + IntTn and erm(B) + tet(L) + tet(M) + IntTn, respectively. The virulence genes such as ace (99.0%), efaA (97.7%), cad1 (95.7%), and gelE (85.9%) were highly conserved in E. faecalis and significantly predominated over E. faecium (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that pathogens from bulk tank milk can also become a reservoir for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors through cross-contamination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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23
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Ahmed W, Neubauer H, Tomaso H, El Hofy FI, Monecke S, Abd El-Tawab AA, Hotzel H. Characterization of Enterococci- and ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Milk of Bovides with Mastitis in Egypt. Pathogens 2021; 10:97. [PMID: 33494211 PMCID: PMC7909756 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci- and ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from milk of bovine mastitis cases in Egypt. Fifty milk samples of dairy animals were collected from localities in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. PCR amplifications were carried out, targeting resistance-associated genes. Seventeen Enterococcus isolates and eight coliform isolates could be cultivated. Vancomycin resistance rate was high in Ent. faecalis. The VITEK 2 system confirmed all E. coli isolates as ESBL-producing. All Ent. faecalis isolates harbored erm(B), tetL and aac-aphD genes. The vanA gene was detected in Ent. faecalis isolate, vanB was found in other Enterococcus, while one isolate of E. casseliflavus exhibited the vanA gene. E. coli isolates exhibited high prevalence of erm(B) and tetL. E. coli isolates were analyzed by DNA microarray analysis. Four isolates were determined by O-serotyping as O8 (n = 1), O86 (n = 2) and O157 (n = 1). H-serotyping resulted in H11, H12, H21 (two isolates each) and one was of H16 type. Different virulence-associated genes were detected in E. coli isolates including lpfA, astA, celB, cmahemL, intI1 and intI2, and the iroN gene was identified by DNA microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Ahmed
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.N.); (H.T.); (H.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor Toukh P.O. Box 13736, Benha 13511, Egypt; (F.I.E.H.); (A.A.A.E.-T.)
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.N.); (H.T.); (H.H.)
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.N.); (H.T.); (H.H.)
| | - Fatma Ibrahim El Hofy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor Toukh P.O. Box 13736, Benha 13511, Egypt; (F.I.E.H.); (A.A.A.E.-T.)
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ashraf Awad Abd El-Tawab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor Toukh P.O. Box 13736, Benha 13511, Egypt; (F.I.E.H.); (A.A.A.E.-T.)
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.N.); (H.T.); (H.H.)
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24
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Yang Y, Peng Y, Jiang J, Gong Z, Zhu H, Wang K, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Qin A, Yang Z, Shang S. Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from raw cow milk in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1033-1039. [PMID: 32780945 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are the most important therapy to bovine mastitis. Bacterial infection and antibiotic treatment of mastitis cycles frequently in dairy farms worldwide, giving rise to concerns about the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we examined the microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from raw milk from dairy farms in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, China. Raw milk samples were collected from 857 dairy cattle including 800 apparently healthy individuals and 57 cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and subjected to microbiological culture, antimicrobial susceptibility assay and detection of antibiotic-resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. A total of 1,063 isolates belonging to 41 different bacterial genera and 86 species were isolated and identified, of which Pseudomonas spp. (256/1,063, 24.08%), Staphylococcus. spp. (136/1,063, 12.79%), Escherichia coli (116/1,063, 10.91%), Klebsiella spp. (104/1,063, 9.78%) and Bacillus spp. (84/1,063, 7.90%) were most frequently isolated. K. pneumoniae, one of the most prevalent bacteria, was more frequently isolated from the farms in Jiangsu (65/830, 7.83%) than Shandong (1/233, 0.43%) province, and showed a positive association with CM (p < .001). The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that four of the K. pneumoniae isolates (4/66, 6.06%) were MDR bacteria (acquired resistance to ≥three classes of antimicrobials). Furthermore, among 66 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 21.21% (14/66), 13.64% (9/66) and 12.12% (8/66) were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides, respectively. However, all K. pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to monobactams and carbapenems. The detection of antibiotic-resistant genes confirmed that the β-lactamase genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M ), aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes [aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-I and ant(3″)-I], tetracycline efflux pump (tetA) and transposon genetic marker (intI1) were positive in MDR isolates. This study indicated that MDR K. pneumoniae isolates emerged in dairy farms in Jiangsu province and could be a potential threat to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zaicheng Gong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhou
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Nanjing Weigang Dairy Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Detection and Plasmid Typing Among Multidrug Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Freshwater Environment. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091338. [PMID: 32887339 PMCID: PMC7563215 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AR) as well as the abundance and diversity of plasmids were determined among multidrug resistant (MDR) enterococci from surface water in GA, USA. A total of 51 enterococci isolates were screened for the presence of 27 AR genes conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D), and tetracycline. A plasmid classification system based on replication genes was used to detect 19 defined Gram-positive plasmid replicon families. Twelve genes were identified as conferring resistance to erythromycin and tylosin (erm(B) and erm(C)), kanamycin (aph(3′)-IIIa), streptomycin (ant(6)-Ia), lincomycin (lnu(B)), Q/D (vat(E)), ciprofloxacin (qnrE. faecalis), and tetracycline (tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O) and tet(S)). Twelve different rep-families were identified in two-thirds of the isolates. While AR genes commonly found in human and animals were detected in this study among environmental enterococci, resistance genes could not be determined for many of the isolates, which indicates that diverse AR mechanisms exist among enterococci, and the understanding of AR mechanisms for environmental enterococci is limited. Diverse rep-families were identified among the enterococci recovered from the aquatic environment, and these rep-families appear to be quite different from those recovered from other sources. This work expands knowledge of AR gene reservoirs and enterococcal plasmids across a wider range of environments.
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de Alcântara Rodrigues I, Ferrari RG, Panzenhagen PHN, Mano SB, Conte-Junior CA. Antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria from animal-based foods. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 112:143-183. [PMID: 32762867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health threat. Farm animals are important sources of bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Although the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture and livestock has been reduced in several countries, these compounds are still routinely applied in animal production, and contribute to ARGs emergence and spread among bacteria. ARGs are transmitted to humans mainly through the consumption of products of animal origin (PAO). Bacteria can present intrinsic resistance, and once antimicrobials are administered, this resistance may be selected and multiply. The exchange of genetic material is another mechanism used by bacteria to acquire resistance. Some of the main ARGs found in bacteria present in PAO are the bla, mcr-1, cfr and tet genes, which are directly associated to antibiotic resistance in the human clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora de Alcântara Rodrigues
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Sergio Borges Mano
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Improved detection of esp, hyl, asa1, gelE, cylA virulence genes among clinical isolates of Enterococci. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:170. [PMID: 32197635 PMCID: PMC7085142 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Virulence factors (VFs) among the clinical strains of enterococci play a vital role in pathogenesis. This study was aimed to screen for cylA, asa1, gelE, esp and hyl among Enterococcus faecalis (n = 89) and E. faecium (n = 51) by multiplex PCR. The previously reported multiplex PCR was modified to 2 duplex (asa1 and gelE, cylA and esp) PCRs and 1 simplex (hyl) PCR. The idea of the modification of the multiplex PCR proposed here emerged in the course of the research study when majority of the isolates which phenotypically exhibited virulence traits were found to be negative for the respective gene. Results cylA, gelE and asa1 were significantly predominant in E. faecalis (59.55%, 85.39%, 86.51%) than E. faecium (1.96%, 60.78%, 9.80%) (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001967, p < 0.0001). hyl was detected in E. faecium (5.9%) only. The number of VFs detected in each isolate was recorded as the VF score. E. faecalis isolates had a VF score pattern of score 4 (34.83%), score 3 (26.96%), score 2 (28.08%) and score 1 (8.98%) while E. faecium had score 4 (1.96%), score 3 (7.84%), score 2 (25.49%) and score 1 (41.18%). This modification of the PCR protocol could resolve the problem of decreased detection of virulence determinants in enterococci.
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Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental bacteria from mastitic milk of pastured dairy cows of S. Miguel (Azores). Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:407-414. [PMID: 31376059 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic (in vitro) antimicrobial susceptibility of milk pathogens isolated from subclinical and clinical mastitis in outdoor dairy herds of S. Miguel, Azores. Between January and March 2018, a total of 144 isolates was obtained from dairy cows with mastitis. Escherichia coli (38.9%; n = 56), Streptococcus uberis (20.1%; n = 29), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (17.4%; n = 25) were the major milk pathogens isolated. An in vitro average susceptibility of 52.0% was observed for 13 different antimicrobials (n = 725). According to an analysis of the mean for proportions, the proportions of bacterial isolates presenting in vitro susceptibility to danofloxacin (75.3%; P < 0.001) and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25.0%; P < 0.05) were outside of the upper (65.8%) and lower (25.6%) decision lines, respectively. This profile was related to mainly with E. coli and Strep. uberis isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 2.1% isolates, namely, in two Strep. uberis strains from the same farm and one Enterococcus sp. strain. In conclusion, varying degrees of in vitro susceptibility of milk pathogens to the tested antimicrobials were observed, suggesting that these environmental bacteria probably play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistances in pastures. The use of fluoroquinolones to treat mastitis of dairy cows should be carefully evaluated in order to maintain their suitability for human medicine.
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