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Chavarría I, Alvarado AS, Macías-Cruz U, Avendaño-Reyes L, Ángel-García O, Contreras V, Carrillo DI, Mellado M. Unmasking seasonal cycles in a high-input dairy herd in a hot environment: How climate shapes dynamics of milk yield, reproduction, and productive status. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103944. [PMID: 39137568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to predict the annual herd milk yield, lactation, and reproductive cycle stages in a high-input dairy herd in a zone with prolonged thermal stress. Also, the impact of climatic conditions on milk yield and productive and reproductive status was assessed. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used in data fitting to predict future monthly herd milk yield and reproductive status using data from 2014 to 2020. Based on the annual total milk output, the highest predicted percentage of milk yield based on the yearly milk production was in February (9.1%; 95% CI = 8.3-9.9) and the lowest in August (6.9%; 95% CI = 6.0-7.9). The predicted highest percentage of pregnant cows for 2021 was in May (61.8; 95% CI = 53.0-70.5) and the lowest for November (33.2%; 95% CI = 19.9-46.5). The monthly percentage of dry cows in this study showed a steady trend across years; the predicted highest percentage was in September (20.1%; CI = 16.4-23.7) and the lowest in March (7.5%; 4.0-11.0). The predicted days in milk (DIM) were lower in September (158; CI = 103-213) and highest in May (220; 95% CI = 181-259). Percentage of calvings was seasonal, with the predicted maximum percentage of calvings occurring in September (10.3%; CI = 8.0-12.5) and the minimum in April (3.2%; CI = 1.0-5.5). The highest predicted culling rate for the year ensuing the present data occurred in November (4.3%; 95% CI = 3.2-5.4) and the lowest in April (2.5%; 95% CI = 1.4-3.5). It was concluded that meteorological factors strongly influenced rhythms of monthly milk yield and reproductive status. Also, ARIMA models robustly estimated and forecasted productive and reproductive events in a dairy herd in a hot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chavarría
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico.
| | - A S Alvarado
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico.
| | - U Macías-Cruz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico.
| | - L Avendaño-Reyes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico.
| | - O Ángel-García
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico.
| | - V Contreras
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico.
| | - D I Carrillo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico.
| | - M Mellado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico.
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2
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Mylostyvyi R, Lacetera N, Amadori M, Sejian V, Souza-Junior JBF, Hoffmann G. The autumn low milk yield syndrome in Brown Swiss cows in continental climates: hypotheses and facts. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:203-213. [PMID: 37624483 PMCID: PMC10810946 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted globally on the impact of heat stress (HS) on animal health and milk production in dairy cows. In this article, we examine the possible reasons for the decrease in milk production in Brown Swiss (BS) cows during the autumn season, known as the autumn low milk yield syndrome (ALMYS). This condition has been extensively studied in high-yielding Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle and has also been observed in BS cows with a daily milk yield of around 30 kg. Our hypothesis is that the drop in milk yield and the increased prevalence of mastitis in autumn, as found in our recent studies, may be a long-term consequence of summer HS. We re-evaluate our previous findings in light of the possible manifestation of an HS-related form of ALMYS in BS cows. As milk yield, mastitis spread, and reproductive function of cows are interrelated and have seasonal dependence, we examine the consistency of our hypothesis with existing data. The significant drop in milk yield in BS cows in autumn (by 2.0-3.2 kg), as well as the threshold of milk yield decrease (temperature-humidity index of 70.7), may point in favour of the manifestation of ALMYS in BS cows, similar to HF cows. Only the percentage effect of seasonal factor (59.4%; p < 0.05) on milk yield of BS cows was significant. HS-related ALMYS provides a robust conceptual framework for diverse sets of productive and animal health data in BS cows, similar to observations in high-yielding HF cattle. However, the limitations associated with the lack of additional data (e.g. immunological indicators) suggest the need for further research to confirm ALMYS in BS breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mylostyvyi
- Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, 49600, Ukraine
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | | | - Gundula Hoffmann
- Department of Sensors and Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany.
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3
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Matamoros C, Dechow CD, Harvatine KJ. Interaction of DGAT1 polymorphism, parity, and acetate supplementation on feeding behavior, milk synthesis, and plasma metabolites. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7613-7629. [PMID: 37641263 PMCID: PMC10723103 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Acetate supplementation increases milk fat production, but interactions with animal-related factors have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize the interaction of acetate supplementation with parity and genetic potential for milk fat synthesis including the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism (AA and KA genotypes). In total, 47 primiparous and 49 multiparous lactating cows were used in 2 blocks in a crossover design. The basal diet was formulated to have a low risk of biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression and had 32.8% and 32.0% neutral detergent fiber and 21.7% and 23.6% starch [all on a dry matter (DM) basis] in block 1 and 2, respectively. The control treatment received the basal diet, and the acetate supplementation treatment included anhydrous sodium acetate supplemented to the basal diet at 3.2% and 3.1% of DM of the diet for block 1 and 2, respectively (targeting 10 mol/d of acetate). The DGAT1 genotype frequency of the experimental cows was 45% AA and 51% KA, with 4% cows with either a KK or unimputable genotype. Acetate supplementation increased DM intake (DMI) in KA multiparous cows, but acetate did not change DMI in AA multiparous or primiparous cows of either genotype. Acetate supplementation increased the frequency of meals by 8% and decreased the length of each meal by ∼5 min compared with control. There was no effect of acetate on milk yield. Acetate supplementation increased milk fat yield and concentration by 117 g/d and 0.31 percentage units, respectively, regardless of DGAT1 polymorphism or parity. The increase in milk fat yield was mostly due to an increase in yield of 16C mixed-sourced fatty acids, suggesting that acetate supplementation drives mammary de novo synthesis toward completion. Response to acetate supplementation was not related to genomic predicted transmitting ability of milk fat concentration and yield or to pretrial milk fat percent and yield, suggesting that acetate increases milk fat production regardless of genetic potential for milk fat yield and level of milk fat synthesis. Interestingly, analyzing the temporal effect on the interaction between treatment and DGAT1 polymorphism on milk fat yield suggested that DGAT1 polymorphism may affect the short-term response to acetate supplementation during the first ≤7 d on treatment. Acetate supplementation also increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration and decreased plasma glucose concentration. In conclusion, acetate supplementation consistently increased milk fat synthesis regardless of parity or genetic potential for milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matamoros
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - C D Dechow
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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4
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Li M, Reed KF, Cabrera VE. A time series analysis of milk productivity in US dairy states. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6232-6248. [PMID: 37474368 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
As US dairy cow production evolves, it is important to characterize trends and seasonal patterns to project amounts and fluctuations in milk and milk components by states or regions. Hence, this study aimed to (1) quantify historical trends and seasonal patterns of milk and milk components production associated with calving date by parities and states; (2) classify parities and states with similar trends and seasonal patterns into clusters; and (3) summarize the general pattern for each cluster for further application in simulation models. Our data set contained 9.18 million lactation records from 5.61 million Holstein cows distributed in 17 states during the period January 2006 to December 2016. Each record included a cow's total milk, fat, and protein yield during a lactation. We used time series decomposition to obtain each state's annual trend and seasonal pattern in milk productivity for each parity. Then, we classified states and parities with agglomerative hierarchical clustering into groups according to 2 methods: (1) dynamic time warping on the original time series and (2) Euclidean distance on extracted features of trend and seasonality from the decomposition. Results showed distinguishable trends and seasonality for all states and lactation numbers for all response variables. The clusters and cluster centroid pattern showed a general upward trend for all yields [energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk, fat, and protein] and a steady trend for fat and protein percent for all states except Texas. We also found a larger seasonality amplitude for all yields (ECM, milk, fat, and protein) from higher lactation numbers and a similar amplitude for fat and protein percent across lactation numbers. The results could be used for advising management decisions according to farm productivity goals. Furthermore, the trend and seasonality patterns could be used to adjust the production level in a specific state, year, and season for farm simulations to accurately project milk and milk components production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - K F Reed
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - V E Cabrera
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705.
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Espinoza-Sandoval OR, Calsamiglia S. Modeling the profitability of investing in cooling systems in dairy farms under several intensities of heat stress in the Mediterranean. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00361-2. [PMID: 37414603 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in dairy cows affects dry matter intake, milk yield, reproduction, and culling rate. Cooling systems (CS) may partially revert these effects, but their profitability depends on the price of milk and effectiveness and cost of the CS. Because these effects may interact over time, stochastic dynamic models are useful tools to evaluate the effects of HS and the profitability of CS. Several HS intensity scenarios, from 1,000 to 31,000 temperature and humidity index load (THILoad, units/yr), were simulated in a stochastic dynamic dairy herd simulator, with 3 milk prices (€0.28, €0.32, and €0.36/L) and 2 initial investment costs in fans and sprinklers (€100 and €200/cow). The HS and CS scenarios simulated were modeled as a function of the THILoad to predict the technical and economic performance in 21 selected locations of the Mediterranean. The THILoad mean of the 21 selected locations was 12,530 (ranging from 6,908 to 31,424). Heat stress reduced milk yield in a range of 346 to 1,696 L/cow per year, feeding costs in a range of €63 to €266/cow per year, and pregnancy rate in a range of 1.0 to 3.0%/yr and increased culling rates in a range of 5.7 to 16.4%/yr compared with the control scenario. The implementation of CS increased milk yield in a range from 173 to 859 L/cow per year, feeding cost in a range from €26 to €139/cow per year, and pregnancy rate in a range from 0.1 to 1.0%/yr and reduced culling rate in a range from 1.0 to 3.9%/yr compared with HS scenarios. When the THILoad was ≤6,300, the implementation of CS was never profitable, from 6,300 to 11,000 was dependent on milk price and CS cost, and over 11,000 was consistently profitable. The Δnet margin (€/cow per year) for CS at an initial investment cost of €100/cow ranged from -9 to 239 and at an initial investment cost of €200/cow ranged from -24 to 225. The profitability of CS depends on the THILoad, milk price, and CS cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Espinoza-Sandoval
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Calsamiglia
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain.
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6
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Montes ME, Brunton M, Mann A, Teeple K, George U, Boerman J, Casey T. Relationship between body temperature and behavior of nonpregnant early-lactation dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:308-312. [PMID: 37521064 PMCID: PMC10382830 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior and management factors that influence behavior affect physiology and lactation performance. Circadian rhythms of core body temperature are a primary output of the master clock; however, core body temperature in early-lactation dairy cows showed poor fit to 24-h rhythms. We hypothesized that eating behavior was related to daily body temperature oscillations. The objectives of this study were to determine if oscillations in daily behaviors, specifically feeding behavior, were related to body temperature. The behavior of 11 Holstein cows (34 ± 14 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) housed in a freestall barn was recorded every 10 min for a 48-h period. Simultaneously, data loggers (iButtons; iButtonLink Technology) recorded the body temperature of cows with the same sampling frequency. The mean temperature of all cows showed a better fit to a 2-component cosinor (R2 = 0.54) than to a single cosinor model (R2 = 0.26). Logistic regression showed that the probability (Pr) of a cow experiencing an increase in body temperature (increment, I) given that she was milking [Pr(I|milking) = 0.94] was higher than for ruminating [Pr(I|ruminating) = 0.69], lying [Pr(I|lying) = 0.66], feeding [Pr(I|feeding) = 0.16], standing [Pr(I|standing) = 0.54], and mounting [Pr(I|mounting) = 0.62]. The main limitations of this study are the length of the observation period and the sample size. Longer observation windows on core body temperature would allow to isolate the noise and the signal and identify patterns with more clarity. Oscillations in body temperature were not associated with feeding. However, findings indicate that milking, activity associated with walking to the parlor, or the temperature in the parlor may affect secondary rhythms of daily body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Montes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Mercedes Brunton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Adrianna Mann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Uduak George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-7720
| | - Jacquelyn Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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7
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Ruiz-González A, Suissi W, Baumgard LH, Martel-Kennes Y, Chouinard PY, Gervais R, Rico DE. Increased dietary vitamin D 3 and calcium partially alleviate heat stress symptoms and inflammation in lactating Holstein cows independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and selenium. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3984-4001. [PMID: 37164847 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg of milk/d; 83 ± 27 d in milk) were used in a split-plot design testing the effects of mineral and vitamin supplementation on the time course of animal performance, metabolism, and inflammation markers during heat stress. The main plot was the average concentrations of dietary vitamin E and Se (adequate: 11.1 IU/kg of vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg of Se, and high: 223 IU/kg of vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg of Se, respectively). Within each plot, cows were randomly assigned to (1) heat stress (HS) with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively), (2) HS with high concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (HS+D3/Ca; 3,764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), or (3) pair-feeding (PF) in thermoneutrality with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73% Ca) in a Latin square design with 14-d periods and 7-d washouts. The highest rectal temperature was recorded at 1700 h for HS (39.4°C; mean of d 1 to 14), being 1.2 and 0.8°C greater than for PF and HS+D3/Ca, respectively. Respiratory rate and water intake were higher in HS (73 breaths/min and 115 L/d, respectively) relative to PF (28 breaths/min and 76 L/d). Heat stress decreased dry matter intake progressively, reaching a nadir on d 5 to 7 (33% reduction) and was not different between treatments. Milk yield decreased progressively in all treatments, but remained greater in PF relative to HS from d 3 to 14 (10%), whereas HS and HS+D3/Ca were not different. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations and yields were lower in HS relative to PF from d 3 to 14, but not different between HS and HS+D3/Ca. Relative to PF, preprandial insulin concentrations were increased in HS, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acids were decreased on d 7 and 14. Plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations increased in HS cows on d 7 and 14, respectively, relative to PF, whereas they were reduced in HS + D3/Ca on d 14. Plasma C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and fecal calprotectin were increased in HS relative to both PF and HS+D3/Ca on d 7 and 14. Rectal temperature was positively associated with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (r = 0.72), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.74), C-reactive protein (r = 0.87), and with milk somatic cells (r = 0.75). Plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentrations presented a 3-way interaction, where 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was lower in HS than in PF on d 7 and 14, and lower in HS+D3/Ca relative to HS on d 14 in the adequate vitamin E and Se treatment, but no effects were observed in the high vitamin E and Se group. Plasma superoxide dismutase concentrations increased over time, and were higher in HS relative to PF on d 14, whereas HS+D3/Ca was similar to HS. Heat stress markedly reduced milk production and milk components while increasing markers of leaky gut and inflammation. In contrast, vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation reduced hyperthermia (d 7-14), markers of leaky gut, and inflammation independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-González
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - W Suissi
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - Y Martel-Kennes
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada.
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Rico DE, Razzaghi A. Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100735. [PMID: 36889250 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat synthesis and explain the large variation observed in dairy herds. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat will largely depend on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis, some of which originate directly from the diet, ruminal fermentation or from adipose tissue stores. The mobilization of non-esterified fatty acids from adipose tissues is important to support the energy demands of milk synthesis and will therefore have an impact on the composition of milk lipids, especially during the early lactation period. Such mobilization is tightly controlled by insulin and catecholamines, and in turn, can be affected indirectly by factors that influence these signals, namely diet composition, lactation stage, genetics, endotoxemia, and inflammation. Environmental factors, such as heat stress, also impact adipose tissue mobilization and milk fat synthesis, mainly through endotoxemia and an immune response-related increase in concentrations of plasma insulin. Indeed, as proposed in the present review, the central role of insulin in the control of lipolysis is key to improving our understanding of how nutritional and non-nutritional factors impact milk fat synthesis. This is particularly the case during early lactation, as well as in situations where mammary lipid synthesis is more dependent on adipose-derived fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Razzaghi
- Innovation Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
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The Effect of Short-Wavelength White LED Illumination throughout the Night on the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of High-Yielding Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121799. [PMID: 36552308 PMCID: PMC9775544 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid levels in milk vary between day and night milking. Many dairy cows are still kept under white light-emitting diode (W-LED) illumination throughout the night, although it is known to disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms. We investigated the effects of whole-night W-LED illumination (125 lux) on milk yield and circadian composition, compared to a natural light−dark (LD) cycle of 10 h light. Mid−late lactation cows (n = 34) that were exposed to natural LD cycle showed circadian variation in milk fat composition, characterized by higher health-promoting monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 24.2 ± 0.4 vs. 23.2 ± 0.4 g/100 g fat, p < 0.001) and lower saturated fatty acid levels (71.2 ± 0.4 vs. 72.5 ± 0.4, p < 0.001) at 13:30 h (day milk) than at 03:30 h (night milk). Compared to natural LD (n = 16), W-LED (n = 18) did not affect milk production or milk fat yields, yet abolished the milking time variation in milk fat composition towards a less healthy fatty acid profile. This lowered MUFA levels of day milk (23.8 ± 0.4 vs. 26.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). Therefore, W-LED has no commercial advantage over the tested natural LD cycle, and conversely, even shows circadian disruption. Accordingly, a natural LD cycle of 10 h light is preferable over W-LED from the perspective of cost savings, the cows’ well-being, and preserving the natural milk fat profile, as the nutritional value of the day milk is slightly higher.
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10
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Mekonen T, Tolera A, Nurfeta A, Bradford B, Yigrem S, Vipham J. Effects of pigeon pea leaves and concentrate mixture on feed intake, milk yield, and composition of crossbred dairy cows fed native pasture hay. Animal 2022; 16:100632. [PMID: 36155278 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplements are expensive and not easily accessible under small-scale livestock production systems in Ethiopia and other developing countries, which necessitates investigating the alternative protein sources for cost-effective livestock production. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) leaves (PPLs) are rich in protein and are well-suited for feeding small ruminants; however, the effect of inclusion of PPL in the concentrate mixture (CM) on the performance of dairy cows was not well documented. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of PPL and CM to native pasture hay-based rations on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and blood metabolites of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Zebu). A 4 × 4 Latin square design with three replications, balanced for carryover effects, was used for this study. The treatments included native pasture hay provided ad libitum as a basal diet, supplemented with a CM alone (T1), the inclusion of 10% of PPL in the CM (T2), 20% PPL in the CM (T3), or 30% PPL in the CM (T4). Supplements were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Total DM intake (hay + supplement intake) was similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Hay intake was greater (P = 0.05) for T1 and T2 than for T4, while supplement intake was the least for T1 (P < 0.05). The treatment groups T2, T3, and T4, where PPL was included, had similar (P > 0.05) supplement intake. Feed intake, milk yield and composition, feed conversion efficiency, body condition score, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, triglyceride, urea N, creatinine, and cholesterol were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. The inclusion of up to 30% of PPL in the CM resulted in a comparable performance of crossbred dairy cows as supplementation with CM under the conditions of the current experiment. Therefore, further study is required to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a higher level of PPL in the concentrate mixture on the performance of lactating crossbred dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tefera Mekonen
- School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, P.O. Box 5, Ethiopia; Livestock Research Directorate, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, P.O. Box 112, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Tolera
- School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, P.O. Box 5, Ethiopia
| | - Ajebu Nurfeta
- School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, P.O. Box 5, Ethiopia
| | - Barry Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Sintayehu Yigrem
- School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, P.O. Box 5, Ethiopia
| | - Jessie Vipham
- Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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11
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Kocsis R, Süle J, Nagy P, Gál J, Tardy E, Császár G, Rácz B. Annual and seasonal trends in cow's milk quality determined by FT-MIR spectroscopy in Hungary between 2011 and 2020. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:207-214. [PMID: 36037047 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analysed and monitored the major chemical composition of cow's bulk milk by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy over a 10-year period in the whole territory of Hungary. In addition, the two most important key parameters for milk quality assessment, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) were also followed. Production parameters showed significant seasonal and yearly changes. The overall mean fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat (SNF) contents of cow's milk were 3.81%, 3.32%, 4.74% and 8.76%, respectively. A circannual variation was observed in the chemical composition and yield of milk components of samples examined between 2011 and 2020. Concerning milk fat, milk protein and SNF, the values were the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. In the case of lactose, the minimum values were measured in autumn and the maximum values in spring. An obvious trend of long-term elevation of lactose and SNF was found in the raw cow milk samples over the observed period. The overall mean TBC and SCC of cow's milk were 52 × 103 CFU ml-1 and 270 × 103 cells/ml, respectively. Although there were differences in the monthly average values, no seasonal cyclicality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kocsis
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Judit Süle
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- 2 Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Farm and Veterinary Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Judit Gál
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Emília Tardy
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Császár
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Bence Rácz
- 3 Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Fontoura ABP, Javaid A, Sáinz de la Maza-Escolà V, Salandy NS, Fubini SL, Grilli E, McFadden JW. Heat stress develops with increased total-tract gut permeability, and dietary organic acid and pure botanical supplementation partly restores lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7842-7860. [PMID: 35931486 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of heat stress (HS) conditions and dietary organic acid and pure botanical (OA/PB) supplementation on gut permeability and milk production, we enrolled 46 multiparous Holstein cows [208 ± 4.65 dry matter intake (DMI; mean ± SD), 3.0 ± 0.42 lactation, 122 ± 4.92 d pregnant, and 39.2 ± 0.26 kg of milk yield] in a study with a completely randomized design. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: thermoneutral conditions (TN-Con, n = 12), HS conditions (HS-Con, n = 12), thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS-Con (TN-PF, n = 12), or HS supplemented with OA/PB [75 mg/kg of body weight (BW); 25% citric acid, 16.7% sorbic acid, 1.7% thymol, 1.0% vanillin, and 55.6% triglyceride; HS-OAPB, n = 10]. Supplements were delivered twice daily by top-dress; all cows not supplemented with OA/PB received an equivalent amount of the triglyceride used for microencapsulation of the OA/PB supplement as a top-dress. Cows were maintained in thermoneutrality [temperature-humidity index (THI) = 68] during a 7-d acclimation and covariate period. Thereafter, cows remained in thermoneutral conditions or were moved to HS conditions (THI: diurnal change 74 to 82) for 14 d. Cows were milked twice daily. Clinical assessments and BW were recorded, blood was sampled, and gastrointestinal permeability measurements were repeatedly evaluated. The mixed model included fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. Rectal and skin temperatures and respiration rates were greater in HS-Con and HS-OAPB relative to TN-Con. Dry matter intake, water intake, and yields of energy-corrected milk (ECM), protein, and lactose were lower in HS-Con relative to HS-OAPB. Nitrogen efficiency was improved in HS-OAPB relative to HS-Con. Compared with TN-Con and TN-PF, milk yield and ECM were lower in HS-Con cows. Total-tract gastrointestinal permeability measured at d 3 of treatment was greater in HS-Con relative to TN-Con or TN-PF. Plasma total fatty acid concentrations were reduced, whereas insulin concentrations were increased in HS-Con relative to TN-PF. We conclude that exposure to a heat-stress environment increases total-tract gastrointestinal permeability. This study highlights important mechanisms that might account for milk production losses caused by heat stress, independent of changes in DMI. Our observations also suggest that dietary supplementation of OA/PB is a means to partly restore ECM production and improve nitrogen efficiency in dairy cattle experiencing heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B P Fontoura
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A Javaid
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - V Sáinz de la Maza-Escolà
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - N S Salandy
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088
| | - S L Fubini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - E Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy; Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia 42124, Italy
| | - J W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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13
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Zhou F, Liang Y, Arbab AAI, Li M, Yang Z, Karrow NA, Mao Y. Analysis of Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Wood's Model of Daily Milk Fat Percentage of Holstein Cattle. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040188. [PMID: 35448686 PMCID: PMC9026219 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research paper aimed to explore the characteristics of Holstein cattle’s milk fat percentage lactation curve and its influencing factors. The Wood model was used for fitting the lactation curve of 398,449 DHI test-day milk fat percentage records of Holstein cows from 2018 to 2020 in 12 dairy farms in Jiangsu province, and the influencing factors—including farm size, parity, calving season, calving interval, and 305-days milk production—on the parameters of the lactation curve were analyzed. The results showed that the non-genetic factors such as dairy farm size, calving season, parity, calving interval, and 305-days milk yield have a significant impact on milk fat percentage (p < 0.01); the average R2 of the daily milk fat percentage curve was 0.9699; the lowest milk fat percentage was 3.54%; the time to reach the lowest milk fat percentage was 126 days; and the persistence of milk fat percentage was 3.59%. All of these factors explored in this study fit at different levels above 0.96. The Wood model performed well in the fitting and analysis of the milk fat percentage curve of Holstein cattle in Jiangsu Province. This study provides a reference for improving the milk fat percentage of Holstein cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur College, Nyala 63313, Sudan
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13665241873
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14
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Murphy BA, Herlihy MM, Nolan MB, O'Brien C, Furlong JG, Butler ST. Identification of the blue light intensity administered to one eye required to suppress bovine plasma melatonin and investigation into effects on milk production in grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12127-12138. [PMID: 34419270 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-day photoperiod is known to positively affect milk production in confinement dairy systems, and it has been hypothesized that pineal melatonin (MT) secretion plays a substantial role in this process. Specialized mammalian photoreceptors that regulate MT secretion are optimally stimulated by short wavelength blue light. We investigated the blue light intensity administered to one eye required to suppress MT secretion in nonlactating dairy cows, and subsequently examined effects on milk production in grazing dairy cows. Following a 14-d light-dark 8:16 h environmental conditioning period, 5 nonlactating Holstein-Friesian cows were exposed to treatments of <1, 70, 125, 175, and 225 lx for 8 additional hours using a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Light was administered via headpieces fitted with light-emitting diodes emitting blue light (465 nm) to the right eye. All cows were then exposed to a light-dark 16:8 h cycle for one night via the indoor lighting system (>200 lx white light). Plasma samples collected at regular intervals were assayed for MT. A dose-dependent effect of light treatment on mean circulating MT concentrations (and 95% CI) was observed [9.4 (7.2, 12.3), 5.0 (3.8, 6.6), 4.4 (3.3, 5.7), 3.3 (2.5, 4.3) and 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) pg/mL for treatments of 0, 70, 125, 175, and 225 lx, respectively. Only the 225 lx treatment acutely suppressed plasma melatonin concentration to levels similar to the light-dark 16:8 h treatment [1.9 (1.4, 2.5) pg/mL]. Forty spring-calving cows were blocked on parity, calving date and Economic Breeding Index for milk production and assigned to the control treatment or blue light to a single eye (LT) treatment from calving through 32 wk of lactation. The cows assigned to LT treatment were fitted with headpieces providing 225 lx of blue light to the right eye from 1700 until 0000 h. Mean milk production (and 95% CI) during 32 wk of lactation was not affected by treatment [20.3 (19.3, 21.3) vs. 20.9 (19.8, 22.0) kg/d, control and LT, respectively]. Within multiparous cows, a treatment by week interaction was detected, whereby LT treatment increased milk production during the first 12 wk of lactation [25.8 (24.3, 27.3) vs. 28.0 (26.5, 29.5) kg/d; +8.5%], but had no effect thereafter. Treatment did not affect plasma insulin-like growth factor 1. We identified the blue light intensity to one eye required to acutely suppress MT concentrations. Transient favorable effects on milk production were observed in multiparous cows. It remains unclear how single-eye blue light treatment affects galactopoiesis in grazing dairy cows, and further research is needed to explore whether this modality of light delivery represents a useful means to aid productivity in pasture-based dairy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - Mary M Herlihy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - Margaret B Nolan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - Christiane O'Brien
- Equilume Ltd., W9H Ladytown Business Park, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland W91 RT72
| | - John G Furlong
- School of Veterinary Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - Stephen T Butler
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996.
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15
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Kalyesubula M, Casey TM, Reicher N, Sabastian C, Wein Y, Bar Shira E, Hoang N, George UZ, Shamay A, Plaut K, Mabjeesh SJ. Physiological state and photoperiod exposures differentially influence circadian rhythms of body temperature and prolactin and relate to changes in mammary PER1 expression in late pregnant and early lactation dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Matamoros C, Klopp RN, Moraes LE, Harvatine KJ. Meta-analysis of the relationship between milk trans-10 C18:1, milk fatty acids <16 C, and milk fat production. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10195-10206. [PMID: 32921467 PMCID: PMC7885267 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The economic value of milk fat and its responsiveness to management strategies provides strong interest in maximizing milk fat production by minimizing occurrence of biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression (BH-MFD) and maximizing de novo synthesized fatty acids (FA). Tools that allow a timely diagnosis of BH-MFD would improve nutritional management. Specific milk FA or FA categories correlate to milk fat concentration and are of interest for diagnosing the cause of changes in milk fat concentration. The objective of the current study was to characterize the relationship between milk fat concentration and trans-10 C18:1, a proxy for BH-MFD, and FA <16 carbons that originate solely from de novo lipogenesis using a meta-analysis approach that used data from the literature and unpublished Penn State experiments. Prior to the meta-analysis, the effect of FA methylation method on milk FA profile was tested to determine potential bias between papers. There was no difference between sodium methoxide, acid, and acid-base methylation methods on trans-10 C18:1 concentration, but acid methods resulted in loss of short-chain FA. The relationship between trans-10 C18:1 and milk fat percentage was investigated using a 2-component model, where one component described the fraction unresponsive to BH-MFD and the other described a responsive fraction that is exponentially related to trans-10 C18:1. The 2 fractions where characterized utilizing a Bayesian hierarchical model accounting for between-study variability. The model was defined by the function f(x, θ1, θ2, θ3) = θ1 + θ2exp(θ3), where the unresponsive θ1 fraction was 2.15 ± 0.09%, the responsive θ2 fraction was 1.55 ± 0.08%, and the exponential term θ3 was -0.503 ± 0.07 (posterior mean ± posterior standard deviation from the Bayesian hierarchical model). A Lin's concordance correlation coefficient of 0.67 suggested good agreement between observations and predictions from the Bayesian hierarchical model, computed only with the model's mean population parameters. There was a linear relationship between milk fat concentration and FA <16 C as a percentage of total FA (intercept = 2.68 ± 0.237 and slope = 0.043 ± 0.011; coefficient of determination = 0.31). The relationship between milk FA <16 C and milk fat concentration is weaker than what has been published, likely because multiple factors can reduce de novo FA without reducing milk fat and the broad range of diets present in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matamoros
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - R N Klopp
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - L E Moraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802.
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17
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Ferreira FC, Clay JS, De Vries A. Distribution of seasonality of calving patterns and milk production in dairy herds across the United States. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8161-8173. [PMID: 32684464 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calving patterns and milk production are seasonal throughout the United States; however, the distribution of seasonality, and the extent to which this seasonality is due to direct effects of climate on milk production and reproductive performance or farm management, is not well quantified. Summer-to-winter (SW) ratios have been used as measures of seasonality, but other measures such as low-to-peak (LP) ratios have been proposed. Our objectives were (1) to describe the distribution of seasonality in calving pattern and milk production among herds in the United States, (2) to compare SW and LP ratios of calving pattern and milk production, (3) to quantify the effect of a seasonal calving pattern, parity, and percentage of dry cows on seasonality of milk production, and (4) to describe the association between seasonality in calving pattern and milk production, herd size, and daily milk production per cow. The final data set contained Dairy Herd Improvement Association lactation records from 2015 from 5,292 (calving pattern) and 5,200 (milk production) herds for 41 states in the United States. We used generalized linear regression models with 1 sinusoidal curve to model calving pattern and milk production per cow for each herd. For milk production, a model adjusting for days in milk (DIM) and the interaction of DIM and parity (ADJ) and a model that was not adjusted (NO) were run. Both models included the effect of the percentage of dry cows. We used SW and LP ratios calculated from the parameters of the sinusoidal component of the models as measures of seasonality. The variability within states for all seasonality measures was large. The median LP ratio of calving pattern was 0.61, and small herds were more seasonal (LP ratio 0.56) than large herds (LP ratio 0.75). For milk production, the median LP ratio-NO was 0.88, and the LP ratio-ADJ was 0.90. Small herds were more seasonal (0.89) than large herds (0.92) when their LP ratios-ADJ were compared. States in the south of the United States were the most seasonal for calving patterns and milk production. Adjusting for DIM and parity increased the LP ratio of milk production by 8.9% for 66% of the herds. Adjusting for the percentage of dry cows increased the LP ratio in 72.9% of the herds by a median value of 21.8%. The correlations between SW and LP ratios were weak. Herds that were more seasonal for milk production had a lower average daily milk per cow than less-seasonal herds. In conclusion, seasonality in calving patterns and milk production among herds varied greatly across the United States. Sinusoidal models with covariates allowed for quantification of the effects of calving pattern, DIM, and parity on the seasonality in milk production. The LP ratios captured the maximum seasonality better than SW ratios did.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Clay
- Dairy Records Management Systems, Raleigh, NC 27603
| | - Albert De Vries
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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18
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Sahu BK, Parganiha A, Pati AK. Time-of-day and seasonal variations in foraging behavior of street cattle of urban Raipur, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1794646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Kumar Sahu
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- School of Zoology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, India
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19
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Quaresma M, Rodrigues M, Medeiros-Sousa P, Martins A. Calf-sex bias in Holstein dairy milk production under extensive management. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Salfer I, Bartell P, Dechow C, Harvatine K. Annual rhythms of milk synthesis in dairy herds in 4 regions of the United States and their relationships to environmental indicators. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3696-3707. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Nguyen TT, Wu H, Nishino N. An investigation of seasonal variations in the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1858-1865. [PMID: 32054182 PMCID: PMC7649067 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota. Methods We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter. Results The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota. Conclusion Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Haoming Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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22
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Hu L, Chen Y, Cortes IM, Coleman DN, Dai H, Liang Y, Parys C, Fernandez C, Wang M, Loor JJ. Supply of methionine and arginine alters phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), circadian clock proteins, and α-s1-casein abundance in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:883-894. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg) regulate casein protein abundance through alterations in activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P.R. China
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Ismael M. Cortes
- Agricultural and Animal Production Department
- UAM-Xochimilco
- Mexico City
- Mexico 04960
| | - Danielle N. Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana 61801
- USA
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana 61801
- USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana 61801
- USA
| | | | - Carlos Fernandez
- Animal Science Department
- Universitàt Politècnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana 61801
- USA
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