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Ma J, Fan X, Sun G, Yin F, Zhou G, Zhao Z, Gan S. Replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay: effects on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant ability in dairy cow. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:218-227. [PMID: 37946438 PMCID: PMC10766491 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability in dairy cows. METHODS A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows with same parity and similar milk yield and body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: control diet without amaranth hay (CON) or 50% and 100% alfalfa hay replaced by an equal amount of amaranth hay (dry matter basis, AH1 and AH2, respectively). All the cows were fed regularly 3 times a day at 06:30, 14:30, and 22:30 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. RESULTS The dry matter intake of CON and AH1 groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of AH2 group. Compared with AH1 group, the milk yield of AH2 group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay increased (p<0.05) milk fat, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentrations. However, the crude protein digestibility of AH2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON group, while an opposite tendency of serum urea nitrogen was found between two groups. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility of AH1 group was increased (p<0.05) when compared to AH2 group. Amaranth hay treatment increased (p<0.05) the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase in dairy cows. Compared with CON group, the malonaldehyde activity of AH1 group was decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay (50% ratio) in dairy cows did not affect production performance but improved their antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Xue Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070,
China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Modern Animal Husbandry (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei 230000,
China
| | - Fuquan Yin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Shangquan Gan
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
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Lewis RA, Kashongwe OB, Bebe BO. Quantifying production losses associated with foot and mouth disease outbreaks on large-scale dairy farms in Rift valley, Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:293. [PMID: 37608201 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease to which dairy cattle are highly susceptible. An outbreak of FMD in a dairy herds can cause a drop in milk yield, increase mastitis infections, and force culling. These production losses can be substantial, but farmers undervalue the magnitude of the loss that they incur. The study quantified the association of FMD outbreaks with milk yield, mastitis incidences, and culling rates. The data was from three large-scale dairy farms with a recent history (2008 to 2018) of FMD outbreaks in a region endemic for the prevalence of serotype C of the FMD virus since the mid-1980s in the Rift valley of Kenya. A total of 507 cows were monitored for three consecutive periods of six weeks before, during, and after FMD outbreaks. Relative to the period before and after the disease outbreak, production losses were marked during the outbreak. A disease outbreak was associated with up to 4.7% of the cows drying off (n = 24) and milk production dropped by 16.1%. The incidence of mastitis increased from 5.4% to 21.5% (OR = 3.31, CI = 2.27, 4.83) and culling rates increased from 0.59% to 3.8% (OR = 6.71, CI = 1.99, 22.58).
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lewis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.
| | - O B Kashongwe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Egerton, Njoro, Kenya
| | - B O Bebe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Egerton, Njoro, Kenya
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3
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Kim HS, Eom JS, Lee SJ, Choi Y, Jo SU, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Serum and milk metabolites of Holstein dairy cattle for the establishment of objective indicators in a subacute ruminal acidosis-induced. Anim Biosci 2023:ab.22.0486. [PMID: 36915930 PMCID: PMC10330974 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of DM) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results In the Principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups with regard to milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion Our results show that different concentrate and forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate and forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Salzer Y, Lidor G, Rosenfeld L, Reshef L, Grinshpun Y, Honig HH, Kamer H, Balaklav M, Ross M. Technical note: A Nose Ring Sensor System to Monitor Dairy Cow Cardiovascular and Respiratory Metrics. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6654793. [PMID: 35921498 PMCID: PMC9495501 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring cardiovascular and respiratory measurements corresponds to the precision livestock farming (PLF) objective to continuously monitor and assess dairy cows' welfare and health. Changes in heart rate, breathing rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) are valuable metrics in human and veterinary medicine to assess stress, pain, illness, and detect critical conditions. The common way to measure heart rate is either manually or with a stethoscope. Under research conditions, heart rate is usually measured with a sports watch chest belt. Breathing rate is obtained by counting the cow's flank movements which is a time-consuming and labor-intensive method that requires training and is prone to human error. No devices are available on the market that enable practical and easy pulse oximetry in farm animals. This study presents a wireless nose ring sensor system (NoRS) composed of photoplethysmography and thermal sensors that attach to the nostrils of four Holstein dairy cows. The NoRS's thermocouple measured the cow's nasal cavity air temperature; an optic sensor measured the IR (660 nm) and RED (660 nm) signals reflected from the cow's nasal septum. Breathing was calculated from the thermocouple signal's center frequency with a Fast Fourier Transformation, or the signal peak count (i.e., oscillations). The breathing rate was compared to breathing observed by concurrently counting the flank movements. Heart rate and SpO2 were measured by integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitor module (MAX30101 TinyCircuit) assembled on the NoRS circuit. Heart rate was also measured with FFT and by counting the number of peaks from the optic sensor's raw IR and RED signals. These measures were compared to an off the shelf hand-held pulse oximeter's heart rate and SpO2 readings during the same time. The comparisons revealed highly significant correlations for the heart rate readings where the strength of the correlation was sensitive to the method. The correlation between breathing rate and the veterinarian's visual observations was low, albeit significant. Thus inhale-exhale cycle counting constitutes a more precise approach than flank movement counts. The hand-held device's 96% SpO2 is compatible with near-saturation values expected in healthy cows. The mean NoRS SpO2 reading was 3% less. After further piloting under field conditions, the NoRS will require no animal restraining to automatically and continuously record cows' breathing rate, heart rate, and SpO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Salzer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Lidor
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Lavie Rosenfeld
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Liad Reshef
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yoseph Grinshpun
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Hen H Honig
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Hadar Kamer
- Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Moria Balaklav
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Maya Ross
- Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Islam MA, Adachi S, Shiiba Y, Takeda KI, Haga S, Yonekura S. Effects of starvation-induced negative energy balance on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of cows. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:22-28. [PMID: 34237916 PMCID: PMC8738926 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress engages the unfolded protein response (UPR) that serves as an important mechanism for modulating hepatic fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Chronic fasting in mice induced the UPR activation to regulate lipid metabolism. However, there is no direct evidence of whether negative energy balance (NEB) induces ER stress in the liver of cows. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the NEB attributed to feed deprivation and ER stress in bovine hepatocytes. Methods Blood samples and liver biopsy tissues were collected from 6 non-lactating cows before and after their starvation for 48 h. The blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose level were analyzed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to explore the regulation of genes associated with UPR and lipid metabolism. Results The starvation increased the plasma BHBA and NEFA levels and decreased the glucose level. Additionally, the starvation caused significant increases in the mRNA expression level of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and the protein level of phosphorylated inositol-requiring kinase 1 alpha (p-IRE1α; an upstream protein of XBP1) in the liver. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target fatty acid oxidation- and ketogenesis-related genes were significantly upregulated by the starvation-mediated NEB. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic genes were not significantly changed after starvation. Conclusion These findings suggest that in the initial stage of NEB in dairy cows, the liver coordinates an adaptive response by activating the IRE1 arm of the UPR to enhance ketogenesis, thereby avoiding a fatty liver status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shuya Adachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399- 4598, Japan
| | - Yuichiroh Shiiba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takeda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Grazing Animal Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yonekura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399- 4598, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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6
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Joch M, Kudrna V. Partial replacement of soybean meal by white lupine seeds in the diet of dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:957-964. [PMID: 31480147 PMCID: PMC7206386 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows. Methods Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation received three diets (treatments) in a 3×3 Latin square design with a 28-d period. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (control total mixed ration with SBM, no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a dry matter basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS). Results Feed intake by the cows was not affected (p = 0.331) by the diets. Milk production decreased with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet. Cows fed WLS50 yielded approximately 1 kg/d (p<0.001) less milk than cows fed the CON diet. The proportions of milk fat (p = 0.640), protein (p = 0.507), and lactose (p = 0.709) were not altered by the diet. For milk fat, feeding with WLS50 reduced the proportion of total saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and increased the proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001), mainly through oleic acid (p<0.001). No differences were found in feed efficiency, body weight, and blood plasma metabolites between groups. Rumen ammonia-N levels tended (p = 0.087) to increase with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet, whereas no effect of diet on rumen pH was found (p = 0.558). Conclusion We did not identify the safe range within which raw WLS can efficiently replace SBM in the diet of high-producing dairy cows. In contrast, even partial replacement of SBM by WLS favorably changed the milk fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16500, Czech Republic.,Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Prague 10400, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kudrna
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Prague 10400, Czech Republic
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Cheng WN, Han SG. Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:1699-1713. [PMID: 32777908 PMCID: PMC7649072 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nee Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Konno D, Takahashi M, Osaka I, Orihashi T, Sakai K, Sera K, Obara Y, Kobayashi Y. Effects of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on functional fatty acids in the rumen, blood and milk of dairy cows. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:66-73. [PMID: 32106647 PMCID: PMC7888495 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Soy sauce oil, a byproduct of whole soybean processing by the soy sauce industry, was evaluated as a source of linoleic acid for dairy cows for the purpose of manipulating the composition of milk. Methods Eight dairy Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for ruminal administration of soy sauce oil for a 28-day period using a 4×4 Latin square study design with 4 doses (0, 200, 400, and 600 g soy sauce oil/d). Results Although dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate were decreased, specifically at 600 g/d administration. While milk fat percentage was decreased with administration of soy sauce oil, proportions of linoleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids in the rumen, blood and milk were increased with increasing soy sauce oil dose. Conclusion These results suggest that soy sauce oil feeding could be useful for improving milk functionality without adverse effects on animal production performance when fed at less than 400 g/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Konno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.,Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Ikuo Osaka
- Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Takenori Orihashi
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sakai
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Kenji Sera
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Obara
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Nguyen TT, Wu H, Nishino N. An investigation of seasonal variations in the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:1858-1865. [PMID: 32054182 PMCID: PMC7649067 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota. Methods We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter. Results The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota. Conclusion Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Haoming Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Konno D, Takahashi M, Osaka I, Orihashi T, Sakai K, Sera K, Obara Y, Kobayashi Y. Effect of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on rumen fermentation, milk production and blood parameters in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:1779-1786. [PMID: 32054184 PMCID: PMC7649069 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows. Methods Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses. Results Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in milk became 5.9 to 8.8 times higher with soy sauce oil administration. Blood serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid increased with administration of soy sauce oil, suggesting a higher energy status of the experimental cows. Conclusion The results suggest that soy sauce oil could be a useful supplement to potentially improve milk functionality without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal health. More detailed analysis is necessary to optimize the supplementation level of this new lipid source in feeding trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Konno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan.,Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Ikuo Osaka
- Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Takenori Orihashi
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sakai
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Kenji Sera
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Obara
- Mito Research Center, Meiji Feed CO., LTD., Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3123, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan
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Lee JS, Kang S, Kim MJ, Han SG, Lee HG. Dietary supplementation with combined extracts from garlic (Allium sativum), brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida), and pinecone (Pinus koraiensis) improves milk production in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 33:111-119. [PMID: 31902187 PMCID: PMC6946988 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine the effects of a mixture of pinecone oil, garlic, and brown seaweed extracts (PGBE) on milk production traits as well as physiological and ethological parameters in Holstein cows during the summer season (24 May to 03 July 2015, Korea). METHODS Among the extract combinations tested, we found that the level of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylberzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation radical scavenging activity of the 0.16% PBGE complex at ratio of 1:1:1 (vol/vol) was comparable to that of the control (ascorbic acid; 1 mg/mL). Additionally, the PBGE complex reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Based on these findings, 40 lactating Holstein cows were used to measure the effects of PBGE complex at ratio of 1:1:1 (vol/vol) on milk production, immune response, metabolites, and behavior patterns by dividing the cows into two groups fed diets containing PGBE complex (n = 20; 0.016%/kg feed dry matter basis) or not containing PGBE complex (control, n = 20) for 40 d. RESULTS Results showed that PGBE complex did not influence milk composition, eating and ear surface temperature patterns, immune response, or metabolic parameters but promoted average milk yield throughout the experimental period. Additionally, a tendency of higher total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in the PGBE group was observed compared to the those in the control. When the temperature-humidity index (THI) exceeded 72 (average THI = 73.8), PGBE complex-fed cows experiencing heat stress showed increased milk yield and a tendency of increased rumination compared to the control. CONCLUSION We suggest that incorporation of a combined mixture of 0.016% PGBE (1:1:1 ratio, vol/vol) to diet has the potential to improve milk yield and health status of cows under mild to moderate heat stress, denoting that it might be useful as an alternative anti-stressor in the diet of dairy cows under hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sukyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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12
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Kim IH, Jeong JK. Risk factors limiting first service conception rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:519-526. [PMID: 30208696 PMCID: PMC6409448 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. METHODS Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. RESULTS Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with BCS ≥3.0. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. CONCLUSION Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill Hwa Kim
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jeong
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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13
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Liu WB, Peh HC, Wang CK, Mangwe MC, Chen CF, Chiang HI. Effect of seasonal changes on fertility parameters of Holstein dairy cows in subtropical climate of Taiwan. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:820-826. [PMID: 28920410 PMCID: PMC5933979 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between temperature–humidity index (THI), season, and conception rate (CR) of Holstein cows in central Taiwan. Methods The mean performance and number of observations were statistically evaluated for various parameters, including age at first service, number of days open, gestation length, CR, and calving interval for different parities. Results The results indicate that the mean age at first service was 493.2 days; the gestation length was similar across all cows of different parities, ranging from 275.1 to 280.7 days. The overall CR of all inseminations was significantly lower in multiparous cows (47.26%±0.22%) than in heifers (57.14%±0.11%) (p<0.05). At THI>72 and during the hot season (from June to November), CRs for multiparous cows were significantly reduced compared to that for heifers, while the ratio remained unchanged among heifers for all seasons. Conclusion To achieve a high CR, lactating cows should be bred in winter and spring (from December to May) from the start of the seasonal breeding program, whereas the heifer should be allowed to breed in summer and fall under the subtropical climate in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bor Liu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Experimental Animal Farm, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Huo-Cheng Peh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kai Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Mancoba Christopher Mangwe
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Agricultural Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Experimental Animal Farm, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Center for integrative Evolutionary Galliforms Genomics Research (iEGG Center), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chiang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Experimental Animal Farm, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,International Agriculture Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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14
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Bae GS, Choi A, Yeo JM, Kim JN, Song J, Kim EJ, Chang MB. Supplementing Rhodobacter sphaeroides in the diet of lactating Holstein cows may naturally produce coenzyme Q10-enriched milk. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:40-46. [PMID: 28427254 PMCID: PMC5756922 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 25053, Korea
| | - Ahreum Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 25053, Korea
| | - Joon Mo Yeo
- Department of Beef and Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jong Nam Kim
- Department of Beef and Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Moon Baek Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 25053, Korea
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15
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Zhan J, Liu M, Su X, Zhan K, Zhang C, Zhao G. Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immune system, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:1416-1424. [PMID: 28423878 PMCID: PMC5582326 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Methods The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a 4×4 Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW). Results The feed intake of the group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the group receiving 100 mg/kg BW. Milk yields and the fat, protein and lactose of milk were unaffected by AFE, while the total solids content of milk reduced (p = 0.05) linearly as AFE supplementation was increased. The somatic cell count of milk in group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a tendency to increase (0.05<p≤0.10) with ingestion of AFE. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde concentration decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas superoxide dismutase activity showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.10) quadratically, with increasing levels of AFE supplementation. The lymphocyte count and the proportion of lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of dietary AFE supplementation. The valeric acid/total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) ratio was increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing of the level of AFE supplementation, the other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by AFE supplementation. Relative levels of the rumen microbe Ruminococcus flavefaciens tended to decrease (p = 0.09) quadratically, whereas those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) quadratically in response to AFE supplementation. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that AFE supplementation can alter composition of milk, and may also have an increase tendency of nutrient digestion by regulating populations of microbes in the rumen, improve antioxidant properties by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and affect immunity by altering the proportions of lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocytes in dairy cows. The addition of 60 mg/kg BW of AFE to the diet of dairy cows was shown to be beneficial in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Mingmei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Joint Institute of Technology of Profession of Huai'an Bio-engineering Branch, Huai'an 223200, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chungang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Shanghai Bright Holstan Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Zhan J, Liu M, Wu C, Su X, Zhan K, Zhao GQ. Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:1261-1269. [PMID: 28183168 PMCID: PMC5582282 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis. Methods Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW. Results The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments. The Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices for treatment C were significantly higher than for the other treatments (p<0.05). The number of phyla and genera increased linearly with increasing dietary supplementation of AFE (p<0.05). The principal co-ordinates analysis plot showed substantial differences in the microbial flora for the four treatments. The microbial flora in treatment A was similar to that in B, C, and D were similar by the weighted analysis. The richness of Tenericutes at the phylum level tended to increase with increasing AFE (p = 0.10). The proportion of Euryarchaeota at the phylum level increased linearly, whereas the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased linearly with increasing AFE supplementation (p = 0.04). The percentage of Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter, and Asteroleplasma at the genus level decreased linearly with increasing AFE (p<0.05). The abundance of Spirochaeta, Succinivibrio, and Suttonella at the genus level tended to decrease linearly with increasing AFE (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion Including AFE in the diet of dairy cows may alter the microbial composition of the rumen; however its effect on nutrient digestibility remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200 China
| | - Mingmei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Joint Institute of Technology of Profession of Huai'an Bio-engineering Branch, Huai'an 223200, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guo Qi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Luo G, Xu W, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhang Y. Effects of ruminally degradable starch levels on performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:653-659. [PMID: 27660023 PMCID: PMC5411824 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This trial was performed to examine the effects of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) levels in total mixed ration (TMR) with low corn-based starch on the milk production, whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. METHODS Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight [BW]: 717±63 kg; days in milk [DIM]: 169±29) were assigned to a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 62.3% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, low RDS) or 72.1% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, high RDS). Changes to the ruminally degradable levels were conducted by using either finely ground corn or steam-flaked corn as the starch component. RESULTS The results showed that dry matter intake, milk yield and composition in dairy cows were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed high RDS TMR than low RDS TMR. The whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude protein decreased, and that of starch increased for cows fed high RDS TMR over those fed low RDS TMR, with no dietary effect on the whole-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The proportion of urinary N excretion in N intake was lower and that of fecal N excretion in N intake was higher for cows fed high RDS TMR than those fed low RDS TMR. The N secretion in milk and the retention of N were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Total purine derivative was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Consequently, estimated microbial N flow to the duodenum was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. CONCLUSION Results of this study show that ruminally degradable starch levels can influence whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets, with no influence on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Kim MJ, Jung US, Jeon SW, Lee JS, Kim WS, Lee SB, Kim YC, Kim BY, Wang T, Lee HG. Improvement of Milk Fatty Acid Composition for Production of Functional Milk by Dietary Phytoncide Oil Extracted from Discarded Pine Nut Cones ( Pinus koraiensis) in Holstein Dairy Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1734-1741. [PMID: 27383800 PMCID: PMC5088421 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding phytoncide oil extracted from Korean pine nut cone byproduct to the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and compositions, fatty acid characteristics, complete blood count and stress response. A total of 74 Holstein cows were used for 30 days and divided into two groups. Each group was given a basal diet (C) or an experimental diet containing phytoncide additives at 0.016% (T) in feed. The results showed that phytoncide feeding had no effect on milk yield. In addition, there were no observed effects on milk composition, but the ratio of fatty acid in milk was significantly affected by the phytoncide diet, and it showed a positive effect. Not only were the major functional fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid increased, but also ω6:ω3 fatty acid ratio was reduced in milk of T group (p<0.05). In blood analysis, the complete blood count showed no significant difference between C and T group on all parameters. However, the cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in T group compared to control (p<0.05). Taken together, we suggest that phytoncide oil does not have a great influence on the physiological changes, but can be a potential feed additive that improves the milk fatty acid and stress resilience in dairy cows. In addition, it will contribute to the development of feed resource, a reduction in feed cost and a lessening of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - U Suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won Seob Kim
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Lee
- Green Filed EM Bio Feed Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50565, Korea
| | - Youn Chil Kim
- Green Filed EM Bio Feed Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50565, Korea
| | | | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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19
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Down PM, Bradley AJ, Breen JE, Hudson CD, Green MJ. Current management practices and interventions prioritised as part of a nationwide mastitis control plan. Vet Rec 2016; 178:449. [PMID: 26966249 PMCID: PMC4893133 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to report performance and management data taken from a sample of UK dairy farms that have participated in the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Dairy Mastitis Control Plan (DMCP) and to identify important mastitis prevention practices that are not currently widely implemented. A total of 234 UK dairy herds were included in the study from which farm management and udder health data were collected. Herds were grouped according to their mastitis epidemiology and could be classed as (i) environmental dry period (EDP) (i.e. environmental pathogen with majority of infections being acquired during the dry period), (ii) environmental lactation (EL), (iii) contagious dry period (CDP) or (iv) contagious lactation (CL). The results of this study showed that many mastitis-related management practices that are generally considered to be important were not widely performed. A better understanding of those practices not widely adopted by UK dairy farmers at present may aid practitioners in identifying and overcoming potential barriers to improved mastitis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Down
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - A J Bradley
- Quality Milk Management Services Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton Hill, Easton, Wells BA5 1DU, UK
| | - J E Breen
- Quality Milk Management Services Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton Hill, Easton, Wells BA5 1DU, UK
| | - C D Hudson
- Quality Milk Management Services Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton Hill, Easton, Wells BA5 1DU, UK
| | - M J Green
- Quality Milk Management Services Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton Hill, Easton, Wells BA5 1DU, UK
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20
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Xu C, Sun LW, Xia C, Zhang HY, Zheng JS, Wang JS. (1)H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Plasma Metabolic Profiling of Dairy Cows with Fatty Liver. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:219-29. [PMID: 26732447 PMCID: PMC4698702 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder of dairy cows during the transition period. Historically, the diagnosis of fatty liver has involved liver biopsy, biochemical or histological examination of liver specimens, and ultrasonographic imaging of the liver. However, more convenient and noninvasive methods would be beneficial for the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows. The plasma metabolic profiles of dairy cows with fatty liver and normal (control) cows were investigated to identify new biomarkers using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Compared with the control group, the primary differences in the fatty liver group included increases in β-hydroxybutyric acid, acetone, glycine, valine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, citrulline, and isobutyrate, and decreases in alanine, asparagine, glucose, γ-aminobutyric acid glycerol, and creatinine. This analysis revealed a global profile of endogenous metabolites, which may present potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling-Wei Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-You Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-San Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Zhu W, Zhang BX, Yao KY, Yoon I, Chung YH, Wang JK, Liu JX. Effects of Supplemental Levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows under Heat Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:801-6. [PMID: 26954175 PMCID: PMC4852246 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different supplemental levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; Original XP; Diamond V) on lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress. Eighty-one multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 27 blocks of 3 cows each based on milk yield (23.6±0.20 kg/d), parity (2.88±0.91) and day in milk (204±46 d). The cows were randomly assigned within blocks to one of three treatments: 0 (control), 120, or 240 g/d of SCFP mixed with 240, 120, or 0 g of corn meal, respectively. The experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2014, starting from 14 July 2014 and lasting for 9 weeks with the first week as adaption period. During the experimental period, average daily temperature-humidity index (measured at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00) was above 68, indicating that cows were exposed to heat stress throughout the study. Rectal temperatures tended to decrease linearly (p = 0.07) for cows supplemented with SCFP compared to the control cows at 14:30, but were not different at 06:30 (p>0.10). Dry matter intake was not affected by SCFP supplementation (p>0.10). Milk yield increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of SCFP. Feed efficiency (milk yield/dry matter intake) was highest (p<0.05) for cows fed 240 g/d SCFP. Cows supplemented with SCFP gained (p<0.01) body weight, while cows in the control lost body weight. Net energy balance also increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of SCFP. Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen (p<0.01) decreased linearly with increasing levels of SCFP, while no difference (p>0.10) was observed among the treatments in conversion of dietary crude protein to milk protein yield. In summary, supplementation of SCFP alleviated the negative effect of heat stress in lactating Holstein dairy cows and allowed cows to maintain higher milk production, feed efficiency and net energy balance. Effects of SCFP were dose-dependent and greater effects were observed from higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K Y Yao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - Y H Chung
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - J K Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Shen JS, Song LJ, Sun HZ, Wang B, Chai Z, Chacher B, Liu JX. Effects of corn and soybean meal types on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and productivity in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:351-9. [PMID: 25656206 PMCID: PMC4341079 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were selected for a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement to investigate the effects of corn and soybean meal (SBM) types on rumen fermentation, N metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows. Two types of corn (dry ground [DGC] and steam-flaked corn [SFC]) and two types of SBM (solvent-extracted and heat-treated SBM) with different ruminal degradation rates and extents were used to formulate four diets with the same basal ingredients. Each period lasted for 21 days, including 14 d for adaptation and 7 d for sample collection. Cows receiving SFC had a lower dry matter (DM) and total N intake than those fed DGC. However, the milk yield and milk protein yield were not influenced by the corn type, resulting in higher feed and N utilization efficiency in SFC-fed cows than those receiving DGC. Ruminal acetate concentrations was greater and total volatile fatty acids concentrations tended to be greater for cows receiving DGC relative to cows fed SFC, but milk fat content was not influenced by corn type. The SFC-fed cows had lower ruminal ammonia-N, less urea N in their blood and milk, and lower fecal N excretion than those on DGC. Compared with solvent-extracted SBM-fed cows, cows receiving heat-treated SBM had lower microbial protein yield in the rumen, but similar total tract apparent nutrient digestibility, N metabolism measurements, and productivity. Excessive supply of metabolizable protein in all diets may have caused the lack of difference in lactation performance between SBM types. Results of the present study indicated that increasing the energy degradability in the rumen could improve feed efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shen
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China ; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - L J Song
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H Z Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Z Chai
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B Chacher
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China ; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochitan 90150, Pakistan
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dohme-Meier F, Bee G. Feeding Unprotected CLA Methyl Esters Compared to Sunflower Seeds Increased Milk CLA Level but Inhibited Milk Fat Synthesis in Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:75-85. [PMID: 25049481 PMCID: PMC4092920 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the same amount of 18:2 offered either as 18:2n-6 or as a mixture of unprotected 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 on feed intake, milk components as well as plasma and milk fatty acid profile. Fifteen cows were blocked by milk yield and milk fat percentage and within block assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5). Each cow passed a 12-d adjustment period (AP) on a basal diet. After the AP cows received 1 of 3 supplements during an 18-d experimental period (EP). The supplements contained either 1.0 kg ground sunflower seeds (S), 0.5 kg conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-oil (C) or 0.75 kg of a mixture of ground sunflower seeds and CLA-oil (2:1; SC). All 3 supplements contained the same amount of 18:2 either as CLA (∑18:2c9t11+18:2t10c12, 1:1) or as 18:2c9c12. During the last 2 d of AP and the last 4 d of EP feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily and milk samples were collected at each milking. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 11 of AP and d 15 and 18 of EP. The 18:2 intake increased in all treatments from AP to EP. Regardless of the amount of supplemented CLA, the milk fat percentage decreased by 2.35 and 2.10%-units in treatment C and SC, respectively, whereas in the treatment S the decrease was with 0.99%-unit less pronounced. Thus, C and SC cows excreted daily a lower amount of milk fat than S cows. The concentration of trans 18:1 in the plasma and the milk increased from AP to EP and increased with increasing dietary CLA supply. While the concentration of 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 in the plasma and that of 18:2t10c12 in the milk paralleled dietary supply, the level of 18:2c9t11 in the milk was similar in C and CS but still lower in S. Although the dietary concentration of CLA was highest in treatment C, the partial replacement of CLA by sunflower seeds had a similar inhibitory effect on milk fat synthesis. Comparable 18:2c9t11 levels in the milk in both CLA treatments implies that this isomer is subjected to greater biohydrogenation with increasing supply than 18:2t10c12. The fact that unprotected 18:2t10c12 escaped biohydrogenation in sufficient amounts to affect milk fat synthesis reveals opportunities to develop feeding strategies where reduced milk fat production is desirable or required by the metabolic state of the cow.
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24
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Song DJ, Kang HY, Wang JQ, Peng H, Bu DP. Effect of Feeding Bacillus subtilis natto on Hindgut Fermentation and Microbiota of Holstein Dairy Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:495-502. [PMID: 25049979 PMCID: PMC4093534 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Bacillus subtilis natto on hindgut fermentation and microbiota of early lactation Holstein dairy cows was investigated in this study. Thirty-six Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to three groups: no B. subtilis natto as the control group, B. subtilis natto with 0.5×10(11) cfu as DMF1 group and B. subtilis natto with 1.0×10(11) cfu as DMF2 group. After 14 days of adaptation period, the formal experiment was started and lasted for 63 days. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each animal on the morning at the end of eighth week and placed into sterile plastic bags. The pH, NH3-N and VFA concentration were determined and fecal bacteria DNA was extracted and analyzed by DGGE. The results showed that the addition of B. subtilus natto at either treatment level resulted in a decrease in fecal NH3-N concentration but had no effect on fecal pH and VFA. The DGGE profile revealed that B. subtilis natto affected the population of fecal bacteria. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener in DFM1 decreased significantly compared to the control. Fecal Alistipes sp., Clostridium sp., Roseospira sp., beta proteobacterium were decreased and Bifidobacterium was increased after supplementing with B. subtilis natto. This study demonstrated that B. subtilis natto had a tendency to change fecal microbiota balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H Y Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Zhang RY, Yoon I, Zhu WY, Mao SY. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product on Lactation Performance and Lipopolysaccharide Concentration of Dairy Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1137-43. [PMID: 25049894 PMCID: PMC4093228 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate lactation performance and changes in plasma and fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in response to the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SC), two dairy farms were selected. On each farm, 32 cows in early to mid lactation (21 to 140 DIM) were blocked by parity and days in milk (DIM), and randomly assigned to one of the two treatments within block (Control or 56 g SC/cow/d). Effect of SC on lactation performance (daily) and changes in blood and fecal LPS level were examined on d 0 and 28 of supplementation. The results showed that SC supplementation increased lactation performance of dairy cows on both farms. On Farm 1, milk production, 3.5% fat corrected milk (FCM), and yield of milk fat and protein were greater (p<0.01) for cows supplemented with SC. Supplementation of SC increased percentage milk fat (p = 0.029) from 81 to 110 DIM. There was no significant effect (p>0.05) of SC supplementation on percentage of milk protein, dry matter intake and feed efficiency. On Farm 2, cows supplemented with SC had a greater (p<0.05) milk yield, percentage of milk fat and milk protein, yield of milk fat and protein, 3.5% FCM and feed efficiency. Supplemental SC had no effect on LPS concentrations in feces (p>0.05) while it trended to reduce (p = 0.07 or 0.207) the concentration in plasma. The results indicate that supplemental SC can increase lactation performance of dairy cattle and has potential for reducing plasma LPS concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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26
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Razzaghi A, Aliarabi H, Tabatabaei MM, Saki AA, Valizadeh R, Zamani P. Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:486-95. [PMID: 25049589 PMCID: PMC4092900 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing −100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed −100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razzaghi
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - H Aliarabi
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - M M Tabatabaei
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - A A Saki
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - R Valizadeh
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - P Zamani
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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27
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Qu Y, Jiang W, Yin G, Wei C, Bao J. Effects of Feeding Corn-lablab Bean Mixture Silages on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Performance of Dairy Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:509-16. [PMID: 25049816 PMCID: PMC4093382 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated the fermentation characteristics and nutrient value of corn-lablab bean mixture silages relative to corn silages. The effects of feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages on nutrient apparent digestibility and milk production of dairy cows in northern China were also investigated. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used to determine the ruminal digestion kinetics and ruminal nutrient degradability of corn silage and corn-lablab bean mixture silages. Sixty lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cows each. Two diets were formulated with a 59:41 forage: concentrate ratio. Corn silage and corn-lablab bean mixture silages constituted 39.3% of the forage in each diet, with Chinese wildrye hay constituting the remaining 60.7%. Corn-lablab bean mixture silages had higher lactic acid, acetic acid, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, Ca, ether extract concentrations and ruminal nutrient degradability than monoculture corn silage (p<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations of corn-lablab bean mixture silages were lower than those of corn silage (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF for cows fed corn-lablab bean mixture silages was higher than for those fed corn silage (p<0.05). Feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages increased milk yield and milk protein of dairy cows when compared with feeding corn silage (p<0.05). The economic benefit for cow fed corn-lablab bean mixture silages was 8.43 yuan/day/cow higher than that for that fed corn silage. In conclusion, corn-lablab bean mixture improved the fermentation characteristics and nutrient value of silage compared with monoculture corn. In this study, feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages increased milk yield, milk protein and nutrient apparent digestibility of dairy cows compared with corn silage in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing,163319, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing,163319, China
| | - Guoan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing,163319, China
| | - Chunbo Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing,163319, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing,163319, China
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28
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Xia K, Xi WB, Wang ZB, Wang Y, Zhang YG. Effects of feeding methylthio butyric Acid isopropyl ester on postpartum performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:659-64. [PMID: 25049611 PMCID: PMC4093103 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of HMBi on the production performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows under similar conditions were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; i) Control, a basal diet; ii) T1, a basal diet plus HMBi (0 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum); and iii) T2, a basal diet plus HMBi (10 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum). Treatments were initiated 21 d before expected calving and continued through 91 d postpartum. HMBi was top-dressed onto the total mixed ration of each cow. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake, plasma urea nitrogen, peak milk yield, days to peak milk yield, nonesterified fatty acid, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxalaetic transaminase, milk fat content, milk protein content, milk lactose content, and milk solid non-fat content. The milk composition yields were increased by the HMBi-supplemented treatment. The T1 and T2 treatments increased the yields of 4% fat-corrected milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose compared with the control. Although there was no difference in the milk composition of the control and T2-treated cows, the T2-treated cows exhibited higher milk fat yield (increased by 74 g/d), lower milk urea nitrogen (reduced by 3.41%), and plasma β-hydroxy butyrate than the control cows. The results indicate that HMBi supplementation to diet has beneficial effects, and that there is no difference between supplementation at prepartum and starting only at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xia
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - W B Xi
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Z B Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Kim ET, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Song JY, Kim CH, Ha JK. Effects of dietary potential Acid production value on productivity in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:653-8. [PMID: 25049610 PMCID: PMC4093105 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the potential acid production value (PAPV) of major diets and to determine the relationship between dietary PAPV and dairy production traits. Estimation of PAPV of major cattle feeds was based on an in vitro technique, which determined the degree of Ca dissociation from CaCO3. Data on feeds and production traits were collected on 744 multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows from five different farms. Grains had high PAPV with variable protein sources and by-products. High PAPV feedstuffs had a higher total gas production and lower pH compared to those with low PAPV. Dietary PAPV had a positive correlation with intake of dry matter, NDF, ADF, milk yield and milk solid production but a negative correlation with milk protein and milk fat concentration. Current results indicate that dietary PAPV can be utilized in predicting dairy production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Y Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- School of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Korea
| | - Jong K Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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