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Arfuso F, Minuti A, Liotta L, Giannetto C, Trevisi E, Piccione G, Lopreiato V. Stress and inflammatory response of cows and their calves during peripartum and early neonatal period. Theriogenology 2023; 196:157-166. [PMID: 36423510 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress, inflammatory response, and their relationship were investigated in Simmental cows during the transition period (N = 8; 5 multiparous and 3 primiparous) and in their calves (N = 8; 5 heifers and 3 bulls). From cows, blood was collected at days -21 (±4), 0, +1, +7, and +21 days relative to calving. From calves, blood was collected after birth before colostrum intake (0) and then at 1, 7, and 15 days of age. Cortisol, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and haptoglobin concentration was assessed by ELISA technique; white blood cells (WBC) were assessed using an ADVIA 2120 Hematology System machine. One-way ANOVA showed an effect of time for all the investigated parameters (P < 0.001) except for lymphocytes in peripartal cows. At calving and 1 d after, cortisol concentration was negatively correlated with levels of IL-6, WBC, and monocytes, whereas levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes count. Cortisol, IL-6, haptoglobin, WBC and all leukocyte populations were affected by the age of neonatal calves (P < 0.001) except for neutrophils. A negative correlation between cortisol and IL-6, neutrophils, monocytes and haptoglobin was found at 15 days of age. A positive correlation between IL-6 and haptoglobin at day 15 of age, and with neutrophils and monocytes at days 7 and 15 of age was found. A positive correlation was obtained between cortisol levels measured in cows around calving and those obtained in calves after birth before colostrum intake (r = 0.83), and between IL-6 concentrations obtained from cows at calving and 1 d after and those obtained in calves at day 1 of age, after the colostrum intake (r = 0.93 and 0.79, respectively). The study suggests that immune function of peripartal cows is in an active state and that, in addition to other well-known factors driving the changes of parameters herein investigated, cortisol could have a role in the immune-modulatory adjustment during peripartum in cows. Furthermore, it can be hypothesized that cortisol is transferred from the cow to newborn calf through the placenta only and not through colostrum, whereas IL-6 levels in calves during the 24 h after birth seem to be influenced by IL-6 values measured in cows around calving due to its transfer through colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Peetsalu K, Niine T, Loch M, Dorbek-Kolin E, Tummeleht L, Orro T. Effect of colostrum on the acute-phase response in neonatal dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6207-6219. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Characteristics of the Oxidative Status in Dairy Calves Fed at Different Milk Replacer Levels and Weaned at 14 Weeks of Age. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020260. [PMID: 33567587 PMCID: PMC7915232 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift in the way of rearing heifer calves from restricted feeding and early weaning towards greater feed allowances and later weaning ages is ongoing. We aimed at characterizing the oxidative status in Holstein heifer calves fed with milk replacer (MR) at either a restrictive (RES) or a high (HIGH) level for 14 weeks. We compared two groups: HIGH (10 L MR/d, n = 18) and RES (5.7 L/d, n = 19) from day five until week 14 of life. In blood samples collected at birth, and then fortnightly from week 8–16, and in week 20, the antioxidative capacity measured as ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), oxidative damage of lipids measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative damage of proteins measured as advanced oxidation products of proteins (AOPP), free radicals measured as reactive oxidative metabolites (dROM), and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, as well as leptin, adiponectin and haptoglobin were assessed. The time course of these variables during the first 20 weeks of life showed characteristic patterns; group differences were limited to adiponectin, AOPP, and FRAP. RES calves had lower growth rates, showed signs of hunger, but did not differ from HIGH in their intake of solid starter feed and in health status. This work characterizes the changes in oxidative status of dairy calves with increasing age and confirms the benefits of a high feeding plane with regard to welfare and development.
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Kargar S, Roshan M, Ghoreishi SM, Akhlaghi A, Kanani M, Abedi Shams-Abadi AR, Ghaffari MH. Extended colostrum feeding for 2 weeks improves growth performance and reduces the susceptibility to diarrhea and pneumonia in neonatal Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8130-8142. [PMID: 32684449 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of whole milk with colostrum on the growth performance and health status of Holstein dairy calves. Neonatal heifer calves (n = 144; 2 d of age; 39.3 ± 0.82 kg of body weight, BW; mean ± SE) were assigned randomly to 3 groups with partial replacement of pasteurized whole milk with pasteurized colostrum at 0 (C0; 0 kg/d of colostrum + 5 kg/d of whole milk), 350 g (C350; 0.350 kg/d of colostrum + 4.650 kg/d of whole milk), or 700 g (C700; 0.700 kg/d of colostrum + 4.300 kg/d of whole milk) for 14 d; there were no refusals of liquid feed. From d 15 onward, the calves were fed with 5 kg/d of pasteurized whole milk, weaned on d 61, and monitored until d 81 of life. Throughout the study, the calves had free access to fresh clean water and calf starter. Partial replacement of whole milk with colostrum increased liquid feed dry matter intake (DMI) but decreased milk DMI; however, intakes of starter DMI, total DMI, metabolizable energy, crude protein, and ether extract were not affected by treatments. Overall, the C700 calves recorded greater weaning weight, final BW, heart girth change, feed efficiency, and average daily gain (ADG). The calves fed milk had a higher chance of having rectal temperature ≥39.4°C and general appearance score ≥2 compared with those receiving colostrum in their milk. Diarrhea was more prevalent in C0 versus C700 calves. The occurrence of pneumonia tended to be higher in milk-fed calves compared with C350 and C700 animals. Colostrum feeding resulted in fewer days with a rectal temperature ≥39.4°C, general appearance ≥2, diarrhea, and pneumonia. We computed Cliff's delta (effect sizes) of the extended colostrum feeding (C350 vs. C0, C700 vs. C0, and C700 vs. C350) on starter and milk DMI, ADG, BW, and feed efficiency. In C350 calves, the effect sizes (Cliff's delta) for milk DMI, ADG, BW, and feed efficiency were positive and small, but negative in C700 calves. Compared with C350 treatment, C700 treatment resulted in greater final BW with moderate effect size. Positive and moderate effects of feeding colostrum (C700 vs. C0) were observed on postweaning ADG and final BW. The findings showed that the inclusion of 700 g of colostrum in 5 kg of milk may be beneficial to the growth and health of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - M Roshan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - S M Ghoreishi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - A Akhlaghi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - M Kanani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - A R Abedi Shams-Abadi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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