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Ni M, Yue Z, Tian M, Luo X, Wang W, Shi H, Luo J, Deng L, Li C. Leucine-Mediated SLC7A5 Promotes Milk Protein and Milk Fat Synthesis through mTOR Signaling Pathway in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13728-13739. [PMID: 38807030 PMCID: PMC11192034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The SLC7A5 gene encodes a Na+ and pH-independent transporter protein that regulates cell growth by regulating the uptake of AA. This study, utilizing RNA-seq, aimed to explore the effect of SLC7A5 on the synthesis of milk proteins and fats in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) through gene interference and overexpression techniques. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CSN1S1, SCD, CEBPB, ACACA, αS1-casein, p-S6K, and p-S6. The levels of p-S6K and p-S6 gradually increased as the AA/Leu stimulation time lengthened. The overexpression of SLC7A5 rescued the role of Torin1 in GMECs. In conclusion, SLC7A5 plays a crucial role in promoting the synthesis of milk proteins and milk fats through the mTOR signaling pathway in GMECs, providing a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Ni
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziting Yue
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Min Tian
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinran Luo
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Animal Science
and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Liu Z, Jiang A, Lv X, Fan D, Chen Q, Wu Y, Zhou C, Tan Z. Combined Metabolomics and Biochemical Analyses of Serum and Milk Revealed Parity-Related Metabolic Differences in Sanhe Dairy Cattle. Metabolites 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38668355 PMCID: PMC11052102 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production performance of dairy cattle is closely related to their metabolic state. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the production performance and metabolic features of Sanhe dairy cattle across different parities, with a specific focus on evaluating variations in milk traits and metabolites in both milk and serum. Sanhe dairy cattle from parities 1 to 4 (S1, n = 10; S2, n = 9; S3, n = 10; and S4, n = 10) at mid-lactation were maintained under the same feeding and management conditions. The milk traits, hydrolyzed milk amino acid levels, serum biochemical parameters, and serum free amino acid levels of the Sanhe dairy cattle were determined. Multiparous Sanhe dairy cattle (S2, S3, and S4) had a greater milk protein content, lower milk lactose content, and lower solids-not-fat content than primiparous Sanhe dairy cattle (S1). Moreover, S1 had a higher ratio of essential to total amino acids (EAAs/TAAs) in both the serum and milk. The serum biochemical results showed the lower glucose and total protein levels in S1 cattle were associated with milk quality. Furthermore, ultra-high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem MS analysis (UPLC-MS/MS) identified 86 and 105 differential metabolites in the serum and milk, respectively, and these were mainly involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. S1 and S2/S3/S4 had significantly different metabolic patterns in the serum and milk, and more vitamin B-related metabolites were significantly higher identified in S1 than in multiparous cattle. Among 36 shared differential metabolites in the serum and milk, 10 and 7 metabolites were significantly and strongly correlated with differential physiological indices, respectively. The differential metabolites identified were enriched in key metabolic pathways, illustrating the metabolic characteristics of the serum and milk from Sanhe dairy cattle of different parities. L-phenylalanine, dehydroepiandrosterone, and linoleic acid in the milk and N-acetylornithine in the serum could be used as potential marker metabolites to distinguish between Sanhe dairy cattle with parities of 1-4. In addition, a metabolic map of the serum and milk from the three aspects of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids was created for the further analysis and exploration of their relationships. These results reveal significant variations in milk traits and metabolites across different parities of Sanhe dairy cattle, highlighting the influence of parity on the metabolic profiles and production performance. Tailored nutritional strategies based on parity-specific metabolic profiles are recommended to optimize milk production and quality in Sanhe cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Dingkun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Guo Y, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Cao J. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Milk Fat Synthesis in Cows and the Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Metabolism and Its Underlying Mechanism: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:204. [PMID: 38254373 PMCID: PMC10812695 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk fat synthesis in cows mainly includes the synthesis of short- and medium-chain fatty acids, the uptake, transport, and activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), the synthesis of triglycerides, and the synthesis of the genes, transcription factors, and signaling pathways involved. Although the various stages of milk fat synthesis have been outlined in previous research, only partial processes have been revealed. CLA consists of an aggregation of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic fatty acid, and the accumulated evidence suggests that the two isomers of the active forms of CLA (cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, abbreviated as c9, t11-CLA and t10, c12-CLA) can reduce the fat content in milk by regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) uptake, oxidation, and fat synthesis. However, the mechanism through which CLA inhibits milk fat synthesis is unique, with most studies focusing only on the effects of CLA on one of the genes, transcription factors, or signaling pathways involved. In this study, we summarized the structure and function of classic genes and pathways (mTOR, SREBP, AMPK, and PPARG) and new genes or pathways (THRSP, METTL3, ELOVL, and LPIN1) involved in each stage of milk fat synthesis and demonstrated the interactions between genes and pathways. We also examined the effects of other substances (melanin, nicotinic acid, SA, etc.). Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of β-sitosterol, sodium butyrate, Met arginine, and Camellia oleifera Abel on milk fat synthesis to improve the mechanism of milk fat synthesis in cows and provide a mechanistic reference for the use of CLA in inhibiting milk fat biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
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Lyu CC, Meng Y, Che HY, Suo JL, He YT, Zheng Y, Jiang H, Zhang JB, Yuan B. MSI2 Modulates Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism by Binding FASN in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20359-20371. [PMID: 38059915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of fatty acid metabolism is crucial for milk flavor and quality. Therefore, it is important to explore the genes that play a role in fatty acid metabolism and their mechanisms of action. The RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (MSI2) is involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes and plays a regulatory role in post-transcriptional translation. However, its role in the mammary glands of dairy cows has not been reported. The present study examined MSI2 expression in mammary glands from lactating and dry milk cows. Experimental results in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) showed that MSI2 was negatively correlated with the ability to synthesize milk fat and that MSI2 decreased the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in BMECs. Silencing of Msi2 increased triglyceride accumulation in BMECs and increased the proportion of UFAs. MSI2 affects TAG synthesis and milk fat synthesis by regulating fatty acid synthase (FASN). In addition, RNA immunoprecipitation experiments in BMECs demonstrated for the first time that MSI2 can bind to the 3'-UTR of FASN mRNA to exert a regulatory effect. In conclusion, MSI2 affects milk fat synthesis and fatty acid metabolism by regulating the triglyceride synthesis and UFA content through binding FASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hao-Yu Che
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Long Suo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yun-Tong He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
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5
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Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang C, Xu Z, Zhang L, Cui Y, Wang C, Lin Y, Hou X. Acetate Upregulates GPR43 Expression and Function via PI3K-AKT-SP1 Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells during Milk Fat Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16003-16015. [PMID: 37870996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism underlying acetate-induced orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) expression and milk fat production. The mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows were treated with acetate, and the effects of GPR43 on acetate uptake and the expression of lipogenesis-related genes were determined by gas chromatography and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. RNAi, inhibitor treatment, and luciferase assay were used to determine the effect of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-specificity protein 1 (PI3K-AKT-SP1) signaling on acetate-induced GPR43 expression and function. The results showed that GPR43 was highly expressed in lactating cow mammary tissues, which was related to milk fat synthesis. 12 mM acetate significantly increased the GPR43 expression in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows. In acetate-treated cells, GPR43 overexpression significantly increased the cellular uptake of acetate, the intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and acetate-induced lipogenesis gene expression. Acetate activated PI3K-AKT signaling and promoted SP1 translocation from the cytosol into the nucleus, where SP1 bound to the GPR43 promoter and upregulated GPR43 transcription. Moreover, the activation of PI3K-AKT-SP1 by acetate facilitated the trafficking of GPR43 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, acetate upregulated GPR43 expression and function via PI3K-AKT-SP1 signaling in mammary epithelial cells, thereby increasing milk fat synthesis. These results provide an experimental strategy for improving milk lipid synthesis, which is important to the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chuanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Qi Y, Zheng T, Yang S, Zhang Q, Li B, Zeng X, Zhong Y, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Maternal sodium acetate supplementation promotes lactation performance of sows and their offspring growth performance. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:213-224. [PMID: 37484994 PMCID: PMC10362078 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Milk yield and composition are critical determining factors for the early growth and development of neonates. The objective of this experiment was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of dietary sodium acetate (SA) supplementation on the milk yield and composition of sows and the growth performance of their offspring. A total of 80 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, 3 to 6 parity) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (with or without 0.1% SA) from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. The result shows that maternal 0.1% SA supplementation significantly increased sows milk yield, milk fat, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG content in milk (P < 0.05), with the up-regulation of short-chain fatty acids receptors (GPR41 and GPR43) expression and the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex C1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Consistently, in our in vitro experiment, SA also activated mTORC1 signaling in porcine mammary epithelial cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the improvement of milk quality and quantity caused by maternal SA supplementation led to the increase in body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) of weaning piglets, with the improvement of gut health and colonization of the beneficial bacteria (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal supplementation of 0.1% SA improved the lactation performance (milk yield and milk fat) of sows, possibly with the activation of GPR41/GPR43-mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, enhanced milk quality improved growth performance, gut health and the colonization of beneficial microbial flora of their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingao Qi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baofeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Zhong
- Chia Tai Conti Agri-Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu Y, Yao S, Wang T, Lu Y, Han H, Liu X, Lv D, Ma X, Guan S, Yao Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Li S, Yang N, Liu G. Effects of melatonin on rumen microorganisms and methane production in dairy cow: results from in vitro and in vivo studies. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37644507 PMCID: PMC10463863 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane (CH4) is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants are one of the sources of CH4 which is produced by the rumen microbiota. Modification of the rumen microbiota compositions will impact the CH4 production. In this study, the effects of melatonin on methane production in cows were investigated both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly reduced methane production in both studies. The cows treated with melatonin reduced methane emission from their respiration by approximately 50%. The potential mechanisms are multiple. First, melatonin lowers the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production in rumen and reduces the raw material for CH4 synthesis. Second, melatonin not only reduces the abundance of Methanobacterium which are responsible for generating methane but also inhibits the populations of protozoa to break the symbiotic relationship between Methanobacterium and protozoa in rumen to further lowers the CH4 production. The reduced VFA production is not associated with food intake, and it seems also not to jeopardize the nutritional status of the cows. This was reflected by the increased milk lipid and protein contents in melatonin treated compared to the control cows. It is likely that the energy used to synthesize methane is saved to compensate the reduced VFA production. CONCLUSION This study enlightens the potential mechanisms by which melatonin reduces rumen methane production in dairy cows. Considering the greenhouse effects of methane on global warming, these findings provide valuable information using different approaches to achieve low carbon dairy farming to reduce the methane emission. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Huigang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Bu L, Liu Q, Pei C, Guo G, Huo W. Milk Yields and Milk Fat Composition Promoted by Pantothenate and Thiamine via Stimulating Nutrient Digestion and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2526. [PMID: 37570334 PMCID: PMC10417633 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the synergistic effect of pantothenate and thiamine on the regulation of energy metabolism, this study investigated the influences of coated calcium pantothenate (CCP) and coated thiamine (CT) on milk production and composition, nutrients digestion, and expressions of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis in mammary glands. Forty-four multiparous Chinese Holstein cows (2.8 ± 0.19 of parity, 772 ± 12.3 kg of body weight [BW], 65.8 ± 8.6 days in milk [DIM] and 35.3 ± 1.9 kg/d of milk production, mean ± SD) were blocked by parity, BW, DIM, and milk production, and they were allocated into one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial block design. Additional CCP (0 mg/kg [CCP-] or 55 mg/kg dry matter [DM] of calcium pantothenate from CCP [CCP+]) and CT (0 g/kg [CT-] or 5.3 mg/kg DM of thiamine from CT [CT+]) were hand-mixed into the top one-third of total mixed ration. Both CCP and CT additives increased milk production, fat content, true protein, and lactose by promoting nutrient digestibility. The CCP or/and CT supplementation induced the elevation of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C15:1, C16:00, C16:1, C24:00, C24:1 fatty acids, saturated fatty acid, and C4-16 fatty acid contents in milk fat; but it decreased C17-22 fatty acid content. Ruminal total VFA content was increased, but pH was decreased by both additives. The ruminal fermentation pattern was altered, and a tendency of acetate formation was implied by the increased acetate-to-propionate ratio after both additives' supplementation. The expressions of PPARγ, SREBPF1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, and FABP3 mRNAs were enhanced by CCP or CT addition, but the relative expression of LPL mRNA was upregulated by CT addition only. Additionally, blood glucose, triglyceride, insulin-like growth factor-1, and total antioxidant capacity were promoted by both additives. The combination of CCP and CT more effectively increased the ruminal total VFA concentration, the acetate to propionate ratio, and blood glucose level, and decreased ammoniacal nitrogen concentration than that achieved by CCP or CT alone. The results suggested that CCP and CT supplementation stimulated lactation performance by promoting nutrient digestion and fatty acid synthesis in the mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (G.G.); (W.H.)
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9
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Liu L, Wang B, Yang W, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Ouyang L, Tang H, Chang R, Peng T, Xu C. Sirtuin 3 relieves inflammatory responses elicited by lipopolysaccharide via the PGC1α-NFκB pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1315-1329. [PMID: 36494223 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive inflammation in bovine mammary endothelial cells (BMEC) due to mastitis leads to disease progression and eventual culling of cattle. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in BMEC exposed to high concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids by blunting nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling. In nonruminants, SIRT3 is under the control of PGC1α, a transcriptional cofactor. Specific aims were to study (1) the effect of SIRT3 on inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged bovine mammary epithelial cells (bovine mammary alveolar cells-T, MAC-T) models, and (2) the role of PGC1α in the attenuation of NFκB signaling via SIRT3. To address these objectives, first, MAC-T cells were incubated in triplicate with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 μg/mL LPS (derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5) for 12 h with or without a 2-h incubation of the NFκB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC, 10 μM). Second, SIRT3 was overexpressed using adenoviral expression (Ad-SIRT3) at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) for 6 h followed by a 12 h incubation with 150 μg/mL LPS. Third, cells were treated with the PGC1α agonist ZLN005 (10 μg/mL) for 24 h and then challenged with 150 μg/mL LPS for 12 h. Fourth, cells were initially treated with the PGC1α inhibitor SR-18292 (100 μM) for 6 h followed by a 6-h culture with or without 50 MOI Ad-SIRT3 and a challenge with 150 μg/mL LPS for 12 h. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with subsequent Bonferroni correction. Linear and quadratic contrasts were used to determine dose-responses to LPS. There were linear and quadratic effects of LPS dosage on cell viability. Incubation with 150 and 200 μg/mL LPS for 12 h decreased cell viability to 78.6 and 34.9%, respectively. Compared with controls, expression of IL1B, IL6, and TNFA was upregulated by 5.2-, 5.9-, and 2.7-fold with 150 μg/mL LPS; concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell medium also increased. Compared with the LPS group, LPS+APDC increased cell viability and reversed the upregulation of IL1B, IL6, and TNFA expression. However, mRNA and protein abundance of SIRT3 decreased linearly with increasing LPS dose. Ad-SIRT3 infection (50 MOI) reduced IL1B, IL6, and TNFA expression and also their concentrations in cell medium, and decreased pNFκB P65/NFκB P65 ratio and nuclear abundance of NFκB P65. The PGC1α agonist increased SIRT3 expression, whereas it decreased cytokine expression, pNFκB P65/NFκB P65 ratio, and prevented NFκB P65 nuclear translocation. Contrary to the agonist, the PGC1α inhibitor had opposite effects, and elevated the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cell medium. Overall, data suggested that SIRT3 activity could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mammary cells via alterations in the PGC1α-NFκB pathway. As such, there may be potential benefits for targeting SIRT3 in vivo to help prevent or alleviate negative effects of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Baogen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Lu Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huilun Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Renxu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Tao Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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10
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Yu D, Xin L, Qing X, Hao Z, Yong W, Jiangjiang Z, Yaqiu L. Key circRNAs from goat: discovery, integrated regulatory network and their putative roles in the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36707755 PMCID: PMC9883971 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The procession of preadipocytes differentiation into mature adipocytes involves multiple cellular and signal transduction pathways. Recently. a seirces of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs) were proved to play important roles in regulating differentiation of adipocytes. RESULT In this study, we aimed to identificate the potential circRNAs in the early and late stages of goat intramuscular adipocytes differentiation. Using bioinformatics methods to predict their biological functions and map the circRNA-miRNA interaction network. Over 104 million clean reads in goat intramuscular preadipocytes and adipocytes were mapped, of which16 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE-circRNAs). Furthermore, we used real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) technology to randomly detect the expression levels of 8 circRNAs among the DE-circRNAs, and our result verifies the accuracy of the RNA-seq data. From the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the DE-circRNAs, two circRNAs, circ_0005870 and circ_0000946, were found in Focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Then we draw the circRNA-miRNA interaction network and obtained the miRNAs that possibly interact with circ_0005870 and circ_0000946. Using TargetScan, miRTarBase and miR-TCDS online databases, we further obtained the mRNAs that may interact with the miRNAs, and generated the final circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network. Combined with the following GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analysis, we obtained 5 key mRNAs related to adipocyte differentiation in our interaction network, which are FOXO3(forkhead box O3), PPP2CA (protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha), EEIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4), CDK6 (cyclin dependent kinase 6) and ACVR1 (activin A receptor type 1). CONCLUSIONS By using Illumina HiSeq and online databases, we generated the final circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network that have valuable functions in adipocyte differentiation. Our work serves as a valuable genomic resource for in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs interaction network regulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Yu
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xin
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Qing
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Hao
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Yong
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Jiangjiang
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yaqiu
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Pan F, Li P, Hao G, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu B. Enhancing Milk Production by Nutrient Supplements: Strategies and Regulatory Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030419. [PMID: 36766308 PMCID: PMC9913681 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of milk production is essential for dairy animals, and nutrient supplements can enhance milk production. This work summarizes the influence of nutrient supplements-including amino acids, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, and other chemicals (such as phenolic compounds, prolactin, estrogen and growth factors)-on milk production. We also attempt to provide possible illuminating insights into the subsequent effects of nutrient supplements on milk synthesis. This work may help understand the strategy and the regulatory pathway of milk production promotion. Specifically, we summarize the roles and related pathways of nutrients in promoting milk protein and fat synthesis. We hope this review will help people understand the relationship between nutritional supplementation and milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Pan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guijie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huzhou 313001, China
- Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqun Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (B.L.)
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12
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Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Li F, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Usman S, Ding Z, Hao L, Guo X. Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:38-47. [PMID: 36091259 PMCID: PMC9404276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet (Lp MTD/1, including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage) against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L. plantarum A1 (Lp A1). Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1 inoculation. The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment. Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group, inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate as well. The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation. Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats' serum antioxidase activity, such as T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and catalase, and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A, while decreased tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6. In addition, compared with Lp MTD/1, diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats' milk with greater fat and protein contents, improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Samaila Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, The Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Ding Q, Wang Y, Xia SW, Zhao F, Zhong JF, Wang HL, Chen KL. SIRT4 Expression Ameliorates the Detrimental Effect of Heat Stress via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in BMECs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13307. [PMID: 36362094 PMCID: PMC9658231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), a member of the SIRT family, has been reported to be a key factor involved in antioxidant defense in mitochondria. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism via which SIRT4 regulates heat stress-induced oxidative stress and lactoprotein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Our results showed that SIRT4 was significantly decreased in heat stressed mammary tissue. Depletion of SIRT4 in BMECs induced the generation of ROS, which, as exhibited by the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, changed mitochondrial morphology through mediating protein and mRNA levels related to mitochondrial fission and fusion. Moreover, we found that depletion of SIRT4 or stress conditions inhibited the expression of milk proteins, as well as lipid and glucose synthesis-related genes, and activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Increased SIRT4 expression was found to have the opposite effect. However, blocking the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway could inhibit the regulatory function of SIRT4 in milk synthesis-related gene expression. In summary, our results suggest that SIRT4 may play critical roles in maintaining mammary gland function by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in dairy cows, indicating that SIRT4 may be a potential molecular target for curing heat stress-induced BMEC injury and low milk production in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming/Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kun-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming/Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
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15
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Matamoros C, Salfer IJ, Bartell PA, Harvatine KJ. Effect of the timing of sodium acetate infusion on the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma metabolites and hormones in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7432-7445. [PMID: 35931478 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows have a daily pattern of feed intake which influences ruminal fermentation and nutrient absorption. Milk synthesis also exhibits a daily rhythm and is altered by the timing of feed availability. Nutrients can regulate physiological rhythms, but it is unclear which specific nutrients affect the rhythms of milk synthesis in the cow. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the timing of acetate infusion on the daily rhythms of feed intake, milk synthesis, milk fatty acids, plasma insulin and metabolites, and core body temperature. Ten lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows (127 ± 24.6 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were ruminal infusions of 600 g/d of acetate either continuously throughout the day (CON) or over 8 h/d during the day (day treatment, DT; 0900 to 1700 h) or the night (night treatment, NT; 2100 to 0500 h). Experimental periods were 14 d with a 7-d washout between periods. Cows were milked every 6 h during the final 7 d of each experimental period to determine the daily pattern of milk synthesis. Blood samples were taken to represent every 4 h across the day and plasma glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea nitrogen, and acetate concentration were measured. An intravaginal temperature logger was used to measure core body temperature. Data were analyzed with cosinor-based rhythmometry to test the fit of a cosine function with a period of 24 h and to determine the acrophase (time at peak) and amplitude (peak to mean) of each rhythm. Milk yield fit a daily rhythm for all treatments and DT and NT phase-delayed the rhythm and DT increased the robustness of the rhythm. Milk protein concentration fit a daily rhythm for all treatments and DT increased robustness, whereas NT phase-delayed the rhythm. Plasma acetate concentration also fit a daily rhythm in all treatments. Plasma acetate peaked at ∼1600 h in CON and DT and at 0053 h in NT, reflecting the timing of treatment infusions. There was a daily rhythm in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate that reflected the plasma acetate rhythm. Core body temperature fit a rhythm for all treatments, but the amplitude of the rhythm was smaller than previously observed. In conclusion, the timing of acetate infusion influences peripheral rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matamoros
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - I J Salfer
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - P A Bartell
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Li Q, Tsechoe D, Yuan H, Su G, Yang J. Environmental factors influence yak milk composition by modulating short-chain fatty acid metabolism in intestinal microorganisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Mu T, Hu H, Ma Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Gu Y. Regulation of Key Genes for Milk Fat Synthesis in Ruminants. Front Nutr 2021; 8:765147. [PMID: 34901115 PMCID: PMC8659261 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.765147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is the most important and energy-rich substance in milk and plays an important role in the metabolism of nutrients during human growth and development. It is mainly used in the production of butter and yogurt. Milk fat not only affects the flavor and nutritional value of milk, but also is the main target trait of ruminant breeding. There are many key genes involve in ruminant milk fat synthesis, including ACSS2, FASN, ACACA, CD36, ACSL, SLC27A, FABP3, SCD, GPAM, AGPAT, LPIN, DGAT1, PLIN2, XDH, and BTN1A1. Taking the de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and intaking of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in blood to the end of lipid droplet secretion as the mainline, this manuscript elucidates the complex regulation model of key genes in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in ruminant milk fat synthesis, and constructs the whole regulatory network of milk fat synthesis, to provide valuable theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of milk fat regulation mechanism of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaling Gu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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18
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Han M, Zhang M. The regulatory mechanism of amino acids on milk protein and fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells: a mini review. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:402-412. [PMID: 34339350 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1950743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cell (MEC) is the basic unit of the mammary gland that synthesizes milk components including milk protein and milk fat. MECs can sense to extracellular stimuli including nutrients such as amino acids though different sensors and signaling pathways. Here, we review recent advances in the regulatory mechanism of amino acids on milk protein and fat synthesis in MECs. We also highlight how these mechanisms reflect the amino acid requirements of MECs and discuss the current and future prospects for amino acid regulation in milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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19
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Effects of L-Histidine and Sodium Acetate on β-Casein Expression in Nutrient-Restricted Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051444. [PMID: 34069937 PMCID: PMC8157603 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nutrient restriction is known to decrease the milk production and milk quality of dairy cows. However, providing cows with abundant nutrients also has a disadvantage because it will increase feed costs. Under such a situation, the use of feed additives can be a good strategy to reduce the feed cost. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of histidine and sodium acetate on β-casein expression in nutrient-restricted bovine mammary epithelial cells. The results indicate that histidine has the potential to increase the β-casein levels in bovine mammary cells when the nutrient is restricted, suggesting that histidine is a potential feed additive for cows in a nutrient-insufficient environment. Abstract Nutrient restriction is a challenging condition for the mammary glands of dairy cows. In this condition, supplementing amino acids and energy sources might be a good strategy to improve the concentration of one of the most important caseins in bovine milk. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-histidine (His) and sodium acetate (Ace) in a nutrient-restricted (NR) immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells). The treatments for the MAC-T cells are as follows: experiment (1) 0–5% diluted basal medium; experiment (2) supplementation of 0–9.6 mM of His or Ace in NR or normal conditions; experiment (3) supplementation of 0–9.6 mM of Ace plus 0.15 mM of His in NR or normal conditions. The 1% diluted medium showed no significant effect on the cell viability with the basal medium; thus, it was selected as the NR condition. The relative expression of β-casein was significantly increased in the NR condition with the inclusion of 0.15 mM His alone or with Ace compared to that in control. The supplementation of Ace increased the β-casein level under normal conditions. However, it did not change the expression of β-casein under the NR condition. The results suggest that His has the potential to increase the β-casein expression under the NR condition.
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