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Li F, Usman S, Huang W, Jia M, Kharazian ZA, Ran T, Li F, Ding Z, Guo X. Effects of inoculating feruloyl esterase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 on ensiling characteristics, in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota of alfalfa silage. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:43. [PMID: 36915166 PMCID: PMC10012570 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 (Lp A1) is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE's ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling, an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility. However, little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota. Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa's ensilage, in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota. RESULTS Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with (either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1) or without additives (as control; CON) and ensiled for 30, 60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and batch culture study. Inoculants treated silage had lower (P < 0.001) pH, acetic acid concentration and dry matter (DM) loss, but higher (P = 0.001) lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling. Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1, silage treated with Lp A1 had lower (P < 0.001) aNDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents and higher (P < 0.001) free ferulic acid concentration. Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1, silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly (P < 0.01) improved ruminal gas production and digestibility, which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen's total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON. Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments. Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments. Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility, and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Samaila Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkang Huang
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Jia
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Ding
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Gaur G, Chen C, Gänzle MG. Characterization of isogenic mutants with single or double deletions of four phenolic acid esterases in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TMW1.460. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110100. [PMID: 36706579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids occur mainly as esters. This study aimed to determine the contribution of individual phenolic acid esterases in Lp. plantarum TMW1.460, which encodes for four esterases: TanA, Lp_0796, Est_1092 and a homolog of Lj0536 and Lj1228 that was termed HceP. To determine which of the phenolic acid esterases present in Lp plantarum TMW1.460 are responsible for esterase activity, mutants with deletions in lp_0796, est_1092, tanB, hceP, or hceP and est_1092 were constructed. The phenotype of wild type strain and mutants was determined with esters of hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic acid and ethyl ferulate) and of hydroxybenzoic acids (methyl gallate, tannic acid and epigallocatechin-3-gallate). Lp. plantarum TMW1.460 hydrolysed chlorogenic acid, methyl ferulate and methyl gallate but not tannic acid or epigallocatechin gallate. The phenotype of mutant strains during growth in mMRS differed from the wild type as follows: Lp. plantarum TMW1.460ΔhceP did not hydrolyse esters of hydroxycinnamic acids; Lp. plantarum TMW1.460ΔtanB did not hydrolyse esters of hydroxybenzoic acids; disruption of est_1092 or Lp_0796 did not alter the phenotype. The phenotype of Lp. plantarum TMW1.460ΔΔhceP/est_1092 was identical to Lp. plantarum TMW1.460ΔhceP. The metabolism of phenolic acids during growth of the mutant strains in broccoli puree and wheat sourdough did not differ from metabolism of the wild type strain. In conclusion, esters of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids each are hydrolysed by dedicated enzymes. The hydroxycinnamic acid esterase HceP is not expressed, or not active during growth of Lp. plantarum TMW1.460 in all food substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Gaur
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chen Chen
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shanghai Institute of Technology, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Li F, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Usman S, Ding Z, Hao L, Guo X. Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. Anim Nutr 2022; 11:38-47. [PMID: 36091259 PMCID: PMC9404276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet (Lp MTD/1, including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage) against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L. plantarum A1 (Lp A1). Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1 inoculation. The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment. Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group, inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate as well. The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation. Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats' serum antioxidase activity, such as T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and catalase, and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A, while decreased tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6. In addition, compared with Lp MTD/1, diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats' milk with greater fat and protein contents, improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Samaila Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, The Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhang X, Ke W, Ding Z, Xu D, Wang M, Chen M, Guo X. Microbial mechanisms of using feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum A1 and grape pomace to improve fermentation quality and mitigate ruminal methane emission of ensiled alfalfa for cleaner animal production. J Environ Manage 2022; 308:114637. [PMID: 35124318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum A1 (Lp A1) and grape pomace (GP) alone, or in combination (LG) on ensiling characteristics and bacterial community, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) emission, and the microbiota of ensiled alfalfa. Alfalfa at 42% dry matter (DM) was treated in a 2 × 2 factorial design: with the application of Lp A1 at 0 (control) or 1 × 106 cfu/g of fresh forage, and GP at 0 or 5% of fresh forage. After 60 d of ensiling, a decrease in nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) was observed in GP treated silage. Lp A1 inoculated silage had a lower fiber content than silages without Lp A1. The lowest NPN was found in silage treated with LG, and an obvious increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was detected in silages treated with Lp A1 and LG, respectively. In vitro ruminal experiments indicated that, although the application of GP deceased ruminal total gas, CH4 production, nitrogen degradation and the number of methanogenic archaea in alfalfa silage, it also reduced silage DM digestibility. In contrast, inoculation with Lp A1 not only increased DM digestibility and populations of ruminal Ruminococcus flavefaciens and fungi, but also improved ruminal total gas and CH4 production. As expected, LG treatment decreased alfalfa silage ruminal total gas and CH4 production relative to Lp A1 treatment alone, and increased silage DM digestibility compared with GP treated silage. In conclusion, the application of LG before ensiling alfalfa, balanced silage proteolysis, feed digestibility, and CH4 emission, and could be a promising strategy for using food industry by-products to produce a nutritional and environmentally-friendly legume silage that will mitigate N and greenhouse gas emissions from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Musen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Menyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Bio-feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China.
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Sharma A, Singh J, Sharma P, Tomar GS, Singh S, Grover M, Nain L. One-pot microbial bioconversion of wheat bran ferulic acid to biovanillin. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:462. [PMID: 34745813 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to growing consumer preference towards natural ingredients in food products, the production of flavors by microbial biotransformation of agrowastes provides an eco-friendly, cost-effective and sustainable pathway for biovanillin production. In the present study, biovanillin was produced by microbial biotransformation of ferulic acid (FA) using Streptomyces sp. ssr-198. The strain was able to grow in glucose medium supplemented with 1 g/L FA and produce 20.91 ± 1.11 mg/L vanillin within 96 h, along with 5.78 ± 0.13 mg/L vanillic acid in 144 h. Estimation of enzymes involved in FA degradation detected maximum feruloyl-CoA synthetase activity (1.21 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) at 96 h and maximum vanillin dehydrogenase activity (0.31 ± 0.008 U/mg protein) at 168 h, with small amounts of ferulic acid esterase activity (0.13 ± 0.002 U/mg protein) in the fermentation medium. Further, the glucose deficient production medium supplemented with 3 g/L of ferulic acid when inoculated with Streptomyces sp. ssr-198 (6% wet weight) produced maximum vanillin (685 ± 20.11 mg/L) within 72 h at 37 °C under agitation (150 rpm) and declined thereafter. Furthermore, in a one-pot experiment, wherein crude ferulic acid esterase (700 IU/g of substrate) from Enterococcus lactis SR1 was added into 10% w/v wheat bran (natural source of ferulic acid) based medium and was inoculated with 1% w/v of Streptomyces sp. ssr-198 resulted in maximum vanillin production (1.02 ± 0.02 mg/g of substrate) within 60 h of incubation. The study provides an insight into synergistic effect of using FAE of E. lactis SR1 and Streptomyces sp. ssr-198 for bioproduction of biovanillin using agro residues. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03006-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Pushpendra Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Govind Singh Tomar
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Minakshi Grover
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
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Sharma A, Sharma A, Singh J, Sharma P, Tomar GS, Singh S, Nain L. A biorefinery approach for the production of ferulic acid from agroresidues through ferulic acid esterase of lactic acid bacteria. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:367. [PMID: 32832328 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a known precursor for vanillin production but the significance of agro waste as substrates for its extraction, in combination with microbes is a less explored option. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and Enterococcus lactis SR1 was found to produce maximum FAE (7.54 ± 0.15 IU/ml) in the synthetic medium under submerged fermentation. To make the process cost effective, various lignocellulosic agroresidues were evaluated for the production of FAE from the bacterium. It was found that wheat bran serves as the best substrate for FAE production (4.18 ± 0.12 IU/ml) from E. lactis SR1. Further, optimization of fermentation conditions for FAE production from E. lactis SR1 using wheat bran as carbon source led to an increase in the enzyme production (7.09 ± 0.21 IU/ml) by 1.5 fold. The FAE produced was used alone or in combination with commercial holocellulase for biological release of FA from the tested agroresidues. The highest release of FA (mg/g) by enzymatic extraction occurred in sugarbeet pulp (2.56), followed by maize bran (1.45), wheat bran (1.39) and rice bran (0.87), when both the enzymes (FAE and holocellulase) were used together. Alkaline extraction and purification of ferulic acid (FA) from these agro residues also showed that sugarbeet pulp contains the highest amount of FA (5.5 mg/g) followed by maize bran (3.0 mg/g), wheat bran (2.8 mg/g) and rice bran (1.9 mg/g), similar to the trend obtained in biological/enzymatic extraction of FA from these residues. Furthermore, the substrates were found to release higher reducing sugars when both commercial holocellulase and FAE were used in combination than by the use of holocellulase alone. Thus, FAEs not only release FA but also enabled hemicellulase and cellulase to release more sugars from plant material.
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Li F, Ke W, Ding Z, Bai J, Zhang Y, Xu D, Li Z, Guo X. Pretreatment of Pennisetum sinese silages with ferulic acid esterase-producing lactic acid bacteria and cellulase at two dry matter contents: Fermentation characteristics, carbohydrates composition and enzymatic saccharification. Bioresour Technol 2020; 295:122261. [PMID: 31645008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Lactobacillus plantarum A1 producing ferulic acid esterase and Acremonium cellulase on Pennisetum sinese silages was investigated at two dry matter contents by studying the ensiling characteristics, lignocellulosic degradation and enzymatic saccharification properties. The P. sinese was treated with nothing (control), Acremonium cellulase (AC), L. plantarum A1 (Lp) and AC + Lp and ensiled for 60 d. All additive treatments effectively preserved P. sinese and promoted the degradation of lignocellulose in comparison with control. Pretreatment with AC exhibited better effects in degradation of lignocellulose and enhancing enzymatic saccharification of P. sinese silage with low dry matter content (L-DM), while AC + Lp performed better in lignocellulose degradation in silages with high dry matter content (H-DM). Application of Lp exhibited a better performance in reducing the concentration of acid detergent lignin in treated silages. In addition, Lp enhanced enzymatic saccharification at 72 h in H-DM silage relative to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ziqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Hou R, Hu J, Wang Y, Wei H, Gao MT. Simultaneous production of cellulase and ferulic acid esterase by Penicillium decumbens with rice straw as the sole carbon source. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:276-283. [PMID: 31630943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As well as cellulose and hemicelluloses, rice straw contains phenolic acids. The simultaneous production of monosaccharides and phenolic acids could improve the value of rice straw. In this study, it was confirmed that Penicillium decumbens produces more ferulic acid esterase (FAE) than other cellulase-producing fungi. Cellulose, destarched wheat bran (DSWB), and rice straw were used as carbon sources. Little phenolic acid was released by cellulose- and DSWB-based enzymes during the saccharification of rice straw, whereas rice straw was a favorable carbon source for the simultaneous production of cellulase and FAE. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that during enzyme production, phenolic acids were released from rice straw, and ball-milling affected this release of phenolic acids. Small amounts of phenolic acids induced FAE production. Although the enzymes produced with rice straw showed lower FAE activity than those produced with DSWB, phenolic acids were produced efficiently during the saccharification of rice straw in response to the synergistic effects of cellulase and FAE. Therefore, we suggest that the production of enzymes by P. decumbens on rice straw as the sole carbon source will allow the production of more valuable products from rice straw, making the utilization of rice straw more economic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Huanran Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China.
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Phuengmaung P, Sunagawa Y, Makino Y, Kusumoto T, Handa S, Sukhumsirichart W, Sakamoto T. Identification and characterization of ferulic acid esterase from Penicillium chrysogenum 31B: de-esterification of ferulic acid decorated with l-arabinofuranoses and d-galactopyranoses in sugar beet pectin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109380. [PMID: 31615673 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously described the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum 31B, which has high performance to produce the ferulic acid esterase (FAE) for de-esterifying ferulic acids (FAs) from sugar beet pulp. However, the characteristics of this fungus have not yet been determined. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the molecular characteristics and natural substrate specificity of the Pcfae1 gene from Penicillium chrysogenum and examined its synergistic effects on sugar beet pectin. The Pcfae1 gene was cloned and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris KM71H, and the recombinant enzyme, named PcFAE1, was characterized. The 505 amino acids of PcFAE1 possessed a GCSTG motif (Gly164 to Gly168), characteristic of the serine esterase family. By comparing the amino acid sequence of PcFAE1 with that of the FAE (AoFaeB) of Aspergillus oryzae, Ser166, Asp379, and His419 were identified as the catalytic triad. PcFAE1 was purified through two steps using anion-exchange column chromatography. Its molecular mass without the signal peptide was 75 kDa. Maximum PcFAE1 activity was achieved at pH 6.0-7.0 and 50 °C. The enzyme was stable up to 37 °C and at a pH range of 3-8. PcFAE1 activity was only inhibited by Hg2+, and the enzyme had activity toward methyl FA, methyl caffeic acid, and methyl p-coumaric acid, with specific activities of 6.97, 4.65, and 9.32 U/mg, respectively, but not on methyl sinapinic acid. These results indicated that PcFAE1 acted similar to FaeB type according the Crepin classification. PcFAE1 de-esterified O-[6-O-feruloyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)]-d-galactopyranose, O-[2-O-feruloyl-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→5)]-l-arabinofuranose, and O-[5-O-feruloyl-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-xylopyranose, indicating that the enzyme could de-esterify FAs decorated with both β-d-galactopyranosidic and α-l-arabinofuranosidic residues in pectin and xylan. PcFAE1 acted in synergy with endo-α-1,5-arabinanase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase, which releases FA linked to arabinan, to digest the sugar beet pectin. Moreover, when PcFAE1 was allowed to act on sugar beet pectin together with Driselase, approximately 90% of total FA in the substrate was released. Therefore, PcFAE1 may be an interesting candidate for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and could have applications as a tool for production of FA from natural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Makino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Kusumoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Handa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Wasana Sukhumsirichart
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Su R, Ni K, Wang T, Yang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Shi W, Yan L, Jie C, Zhong J. Effects of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus fermentum and cellulase additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7712. [PMID: 31608168 PMCID: PMC6788448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage material widely used for animal feed production. Ensiling is an effective method for preserving alfalfa, but it has shown some limitations in the production of high-quality alfalfa silage due to its low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content and high buffering capacity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase are often used as silage additives to promote the ensiling process and enhance fermentation quality. Methods Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producing Lactobacillus fermentum 17SD-2 (LF) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. After 60 days of ensiling, analysis of fermentation quality and bacterial diversity in alfalfa silages were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing methods. Results Alfalfa was ensiled with additives (LF, CE, and LF+CE) or without additives for 60 days. All additives increased lactic acid and decreased pH values and ammonia-N contents compared to control. Among all treatments, the combined addition of LF and CE showed lowest pH (4.66) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, 0.57% DM) content, highest contents of lactic acid (LA, 10.51% DM), dry matter (DM, 22.54%) and crude protein (CP, 24.60% DM). Combined addition of LF and CE performed better in reducing neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 29.76% DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 22.86% DM) contents than the addition of LF (33.71, 27.39% DM) or CE (32.07, 25.45% DM) alone. Moreover, the microbial analysis indicated that LF+CE treatments increased the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of detrimental Enterobacter and Clostridia in alfalfa silage. Discussion Combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE is more effective than treatments of LF or CE alone in improving fermentation quality and nutrition values of alfalfa silage. This is likely due to a synergistic effect of CE and FAE produced by LF on plant cell wall degradation, indicating that these additives promote each other to improve fiber degradation and silage fermentation. In conclusion, combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE could be a feasible way to improve alfalfa silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopan Yang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yayong Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yan
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Jie
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Li F, Ding Z, Ke W, Xu D, Zhang P, Bai J, Mudassar S, Muhammad I, Guo X. Ferulic acid esterase-producing lactic acid bacteria and cellulase pretreatments of corn stalk silage at two different temperatures: Ensiling characteristics, carbohydrates composition and enzymatic saccharification. Bioresour Technol 2019; 282:211-221. [PMID: 30861451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Acremonium cellulase and L. plantarum A1 with ferulic acid esterase activity on corn stalk silage fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate composition and enzymatic saccharification were studied at 25 and 40 °C, respectively. Corn stalk was ensiled without additive (C), Acremonium cellulase (AC), L. plantarum A1 (Lp) and AC + Lp for 60 days. Pretreatment with Lp or AC + Lp promoted the better silage fermentation and the degradation of lignocellulose as indicated by high lactic acid and low pH and lignocellulose content compared to control silages at 25 °C. AC + Lp performed better in reducing lignocellulose and DM loss. In addition, Lp alone enhanced enzymatic saccharification of corn stalk silage. However, the influence of L. plantarum A1 on corn stalk silage was not obvious at 40 °C. Corn stalk ensiled with combined additive is a suitable pretreatment method for subsequent biofuel production at 25 °C, but addition of Acremonium cellulase alone at 40 °C may be a promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zitong Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shah Mudassar
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ishaq Muhammad
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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12
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Holck J, Djajadi DT, Brask J, Pilgaard B, Krogh KBRM, Meyer AS, Lange L, Wilkens C. Novel xylanolytic triple domain enzyme targeted at feruloylated arabinoxylan degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 129:109353. [PMID: 31307573 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A three catalytic domain multi-enzyme; a CE1 ferulic acid esterase, a GH62 α-l-arabinofuranosidase and a GH10 β-d-1,4-xylanase was identified in a metagenome obtained from wastewater treatment sludge. The capability of the CE1-GH62-GH10 multi-enzyme to degrade arabinoxylan was investigated to examine the hypothesis that CE1-GH62-GH10 would degrade arabinoxylan more efficiently than the corresponding equimolar mix of the individual enzymes. CE1-GH62-GH10 efficiently catalyzed the production of xylopyranose, xylobiose, xylotriose, arabinofuranose and ferulic acid (FA) when incubated with insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (WAX-I) (kcat = 20.8 ± 2.6 s-1). Surprisingly, in an equimolar mix of the individual enzymes a similar kcat towards WAX-I was observed (kcat = 17.3 ± 3.8 s-1). Similarly, when assayed on complex plant biomass the activity was comparable between CE1-GH62-GH10 and an equimolar mix of the individual enzymes. This suggests that from a hydrolytic point of view a CE1-GH62-GH10 multi-enzyme is not an advantage. Determination of the melting temperatures for CE1-GH62-GH10 (71.0 ± 0.05 °C) and CE1 (69.9 ± 0.02), GH62 (65.7 ± 0.06) and GH10 (71 ± 0.05 °C) indicates that CE1 and GH62 are less stable as single domain enzymes. This conclusion was corroborated by the findings that CE1 lost ˜50% activity within 2 h, while GH62 retained ˜50% activity after 24 h, whereas CE1-GH62-GH10 and GH10 retained ˜50% activity for 72 h. GH62-GH10, when appended to each other, displayed a higher specificity constant (kcat/Km = 0.3 s-1 mg-1 ml) than the individual GH10 (kcat/Km = 0.12 s-1 ± 0.02 mg-1 ml) indicating a synergistic action between the two. Surprisingly, CE1-GH62, displayed a 2-fold lower kcat towards WAX-I than GH62, which might be due to the presence of a putative carbohydrate binding module appended to CE1 at the N-terminal. Both CE1 and CE1-GH62 released insignificant amounts of FA from WAX-I, but FA was released from WAX-I when both CE1 and GH10 were present, which might be due to GH10 releasing soluble oligosaccharides that CE1 can utilize as substrate. CE1 also displayed activity towards solubilized 5-O-trans-feruloyl-α-l-Araf (kcat = 36.35 s-1). This suggests that CE1 preferably acts on soluble oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Demi T Djajadi
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Bo Pilgaard
- Enzyme Technology, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anne S Meyer
- Enzyme Technology, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- LLa-Bioeconomy, Research & Advisory, Karensgade 5, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme Technology, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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13
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Wu D, Cai G, Li X, Li B, Lu J. Cloning and expression of ferulic acid esterase gene and its effect on wort filterability. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:711-717. [PMID: 29435688 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To optimize the expression of type A ferulic acid esterase (FaeA) from Aspergillus niger in Pichia pastoris X-33 using codon optimization. RESULTS Recombinant FaeA was purified from the fermentation broth, with the maximum specific activity of 48.4 ± 0.1 U mg-1. Adding it during mashing process for beer brewing raised the filtration rate by 14.5% while the turbidity and viscosity declined by 22 and 6.9%, respectively. Addition of FaeA increased the concentrations of free ferulic acid (FA) and arabinoxylan (AX) in the wort, while the polymeric arabinoxylans content declined significantly. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant FaeA was capable to prevent the oxidative gelation of PAX formation by breaking the cross-linking of FA among AX chains and improve the filtration performance of wort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhui Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guolin Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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14
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Schulz K, Nieter A, Scheu AK, Copa-Patiño JL, Thiesing D, Popper L, Berger RG. A type D ferulic acid esterase from Streptomyces werraensis affects the volume of wheat dough pastries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1269-79. [PMID: 29188331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A type D ferulic acid esterase (FAE) was identified in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces werraensis, purified, sequenced, and heterologously produced in E. coli BL21(DE3)Star by co-expressing chaperones groES-groEL (69 U L-1). The unique enzyme with a mass of about 48 kDa showed no similarity to other FAEs, and only moderate homology (78.5%) to a Streptomycete β-xylosidase. The purified reSwFAED exhibited a temperature optimum of 40 °C, a pH optimum in the range from pH seven to eight and a clear preference for bulky natural substrates, such as 5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FA) and β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FAX), compared to the synthetic standard substrate methyl ferulate. Treatment of wheat dough with as little as 0.03 U or 0.3 U kg-1 reSwFAED activity resulted in a significant increase of the bun volume (8.0 or 9.7%, resp.) after baking when combined with polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus. For the first time, the long-standing, but rarely proven positive effect of a FAE in baking was confirmed.
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15
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Zwane EN, van Zyl PJ, Duodu KG, Rose SH, Rumbold K, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Enrichment of maize and triticale bran with recombinant Aspergillus tubingensis ferulic acid esterase. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:778-785. [PMID: 28298692 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a natural antioxidant found in various plants and serves as a precursor for various fine chemicals, including the flavouring agent vanillin. However, expensive extraction methods have limited the commercial application of ferulic acid, in particular for the enrichment of food substrates. A recombinant Aspergillus tubingensis ferulic acid esterase Type A (FAEA) was expressed in Aspergillus niger D15#26 and purified with anion-exchange chromatography (3487 U/mg, Km = 0.43 mM, Kcat = 0.48/min on methyl ferulate). The 36-kDa AtFAEA protein showed maximum ferulic acid esterase activity at 50 °C and pH 6, suggesting potential application in industrial processes. A crude AtFAEA preparation extracted 26.56 and 8.86 mg/g ferulic acid from maize bran and triticale bran, respectively, and also significantly increased the levels of p-coumaric and caffeic acid from triticale bran. The cost-effective production of AtFAEA could therefore allow for the enrichment of brans generally used as food and fodder, or for the production of fine chemicals (such as ferulic and p-coumaric acid) from plant substrates. The potential for larger-scale production of AtFAEA was demonstrated with the A. niger D15[AtfaeA] strain yielding a higher enzyme activity (185.14 vs. 83.48 U/ml) and volumetric productivity (3.86 vs. 1.74 U/ml/h) in fed-batch than batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice N Zwane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | | | - Kwaku G Duodu
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Karl Rumbold
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050 South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
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Morris P, Dalton S, Langdon T, Hauck B, de Buanafina MMO. Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2017; 129:181-193. [PMID: 28458407 PMCID: PMC5387028 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-017-1168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Morris
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Sue Dalton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB Wales, UK
| | - Tim Langdon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB Wales, UK
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB Wales, UK
| | - Marcia M. O. de Buanafina
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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17
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Nieter A, Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Nimtz M, Berger RG. A halotolerant type A feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus eryngii. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:348-57. [PMID: 24607359 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular feruloyl esterase (PeFaeA) from the culture supernatant of Pleurotus eryngii was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. The length of the complete coding sequence of PeFaeA was determined to 1668 bp corresponding to a protein of 555 amino acids. The catalytic triad of Ser-Glu-His demonstrated the uniqueness of the enzyme compared to previously published FAEs. The purified PeFaeA was a monomer with an estimated molecular mass of 67 kDa. Maximum feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity was observed at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Metal ions (5 mM), except Hg(2+), had no significant influence on the enzyme activity. Substrate specificity profiling characterized the enzyme as a type A FAE preferring bulky natural substrates, such as feruloylated saccharides, rather than small synthetic ones. Km and kcat of the purified enzyme for methyl ferulate were 0.15 mM and 0.85 s(-1). In the presence of 3 M NaCl activity of the enzyme increased by 28 %. PeFaeA alone released only little ferulic acid from destarched wheat bran (DSWB), whereas after addition of Trichoderma viride xylanase the concentration increased more than 20 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Nieter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Paul Haase-Aschoff
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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