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da Silva CS, da Gama MAS, Silva EAM, Ribeiro EF, Felix SB, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, de Oliveira JCV, Dos Santos DC, de Ferreira MA. Full-fat corn germ improves the performance and milk fat yield of Girolando cows fed sugarcane bagasse and cactus cladodes as forage sources. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:104. [PMID: 38483713 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of replacing ground corn with full-fat corn germ (FFCG) on milk production, milk composition, and nutrient use in cows fed sugarcane bagasse and cactus cladodes. Ten multiparous Girolando cows (average body weight 500 ± 66 kg, 90 ± 15 days in milk) were distributed in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin Square and assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of full-fat corn germ in substitution to ground corn. Full-fat corn germ increased fat-corrected milk yield by 2.2 kg/day and the synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk by 94.4, 60.0, and 201.10 g/day, respectively (p < 0.05). Cows fed corn germ quadratically increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake by 1.01 kg/day, with the intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients following the same pattern. Conversely, the substitution of corn for full-fat corn germ linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the total non-fiber carbohydrate intake from 5.79 to 4.40 kg/d. Except for ether extract and non-fiber carbohydrates, full-fat corn germ did not alter (p > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Cows fed corn germ excreted less (p < 0.05) urea-N in milk and urine N. These results demonstrate that full-fat corn germ can partially replace ground corn to enhance the milk production efficiency of crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes and sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, including sugarcane bagasse in FFCG-supplemented diets prevents milk fat depression in cows fed cactus cladodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil.
- , Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171900, Brasil.
| | - Marco Antônio S da Gama
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Erick Alexandre M Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Emília F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Silas B Felix
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Carolina C F Monteiro
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, BR-316, 26, Santana do Ipanema, AL, 57500-000, Brasil
| | - Robert E Mora-Luna
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, Santiago, Macul, 4860, 6904411, Chile
| | | | - Djalma C Dos Santos
- Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, BR-232, km 253, 56, Arcoverde, PE, 500-000, Brasil
| | - Marcelo A de Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
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Zarnegar Z, Ebrahimi SH, Rohani A, Jensen SK, Lashkari S, Valizadeh R, Naserian AA. Determining Optimal Nonlinear Regression Models for Studying the Kinetics of Fatty Acid Ruminal Biohydrogenation In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48451-48464. [PMID: 38144137 PMCID: PMC10733918 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The accurate estimation of in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) kinetics of fatty acids (FA) allows for a more accurate understanding of their dynamics and develop targeted strategies to enhance desirable FA bypass. This study comprises a comprehensive evaluation of 33 nonlinear regression models to determine the most suitable model for accurately estimating the in vitro BH kinetics of individual FA. The data set utilized in the present research originates from a recent investigation on the effects of micronization and vitamin E on the in vitro ruminal BH of rapeseed. For the nonlinear regression analysis, data comprising FA concentrations (expressed as g FA/100 g FA) at the conclusion of 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h incubation periods were employed. The evaluation of nonlinear regression models focused on identifying the ideal model based on criteria including the highest R2 value, the lowest RMSE value, and statistically significant coefficients. The results pinpoint the Gompertz model as an effective choice for estimating the in vitro ruminal BH kinetics of upward-trending fatty acids, including intermediate unsaturated fatty acids and saturated end FA. Additionally, the first-order kinetic model of Ørskov and McDonald emerges as the preferred model for investigating the BH kinetics of downward-trending fatty acids, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid. In summary, this rigorous evaluation led to the identification of the most appropriate model, one that not only exhibited an exceptional fit to the data but also provided profound insights into the intricate relationships between predictors and the dynamic behavior of FA. The established nonlinear regression models will serve as invaluable tools for future research investigating FA biohydrogenation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Zarnegar
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Rohani
- Department
of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Søren Krogh Jensen
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Saman Lashkari
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
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