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da Silva CS, da Gama MAS, Silva EAM, Ribeiro EF, Felix SB, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, de Oliveira JCV, Dos Santos DC, de Ferreira MA. Full-fat corn germ improves the performance and milk fat yield of Girolando cows fed sugarcane bagasse and cactus cladodes as forage sources. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:104. [PMID: 38483713 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of replacing ground corn with full-fat corn germ (FFCG) on milk production, milk composition, and nutrient use in cows fed sugarcane bagasse and cactus cladodes. Ten multiparous Girolando cows (average body weight 500 ± 66 kg, 90 ± 15 days in milk) were distributed in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin Square and assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of full-fat corn germ in substitution to ground corn. Full-fat corn germ increased fat-corrected milk yield by 2.2 kg/day and the synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk by 94.4, 60.0, and 201.10 g/day, respectively (p < 0.05). Cows fed corn germ quadratically increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake by 1.01 kg/day, with the intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients following the same pattern. Conversely, the substitution of corn for full-fat corn germ linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the total non-fiber carbohydrate intake from 5.79 to 4.40 kg/d. Except for ether extract and non-fiber carbohydrates, full-fat corn germ did not alter (p > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Cows fed corn germ excreted less (p < 0.05) urea-N in milk and urine N. These results demonstrate that full-fat corn germ can partially replace ground corn to enhance the milk production efficiency of crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes and sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, including sugarcane bagasse in FFCG-supplemented diets prevents milk fat depression in cows fed cactus cladodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil.
- , Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171900, Brasil.
| | - Marco Antônio S da Gama
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Erick Alexandre M Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Emília F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Silas B Felix
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - Carolina C F Monteiro
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, BR-316, 26, Santana do Ipanema, AL, 57500-000, Brasil
| | - Robert E Mora-Luna
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, Santiago, Macul, 4860, 6904411, Chile
| | | | - Djalma C Dos Santos
- Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, BR-232, km 253, 56, Arcoverde, PE, 500-000, Brasil
| | - Marcelo A de Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
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da Silva CS, Gama MAS, Silva EAM, Ribeiro EF, Souza FG, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, Oliveira JCV, Santos DC, Ferreira MDA. Nutritional Quality of Milk Fat from Cows Fed Full-Fat Corn Germ in Diets Containing Cactus Opuntia and Sugarcane Bagasse as Forage Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040568. [PMID: 36830355 PMCID: PMC9951747 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the performance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of cows fed diets composed of cactus cladodes (Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw), sugarcane bagasse and increasing levels of full-fat corn germ (FFCG). We hypothesized that ground corn can be effectively replaced by FFCG when cactus cladodes and sugarcane bagasse are used as forage sources. The cows were randomly distributed into two 5 × 5 Latin Squares and fed five diets in which ground corn was progressively replaced with full-fat corn germ (FFCG; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of substitution). Adding FFCG to the diet increased milk production and milk fat content and reduced milk protein content. Overall, FFCG reduced the proportion of saturated FAs and increased mono- and polyunsaturated FAs in milk, including CLA isomers. In addition, activity indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase were reduced by increasing levels of FFCG. We conclude that the substitution of corn for FFCG in diets based on cactus cladodes and sugarcane bagasse positively modifies the FA profile of milk and could add commercial value to milk products (e.g., CLA-enriched milk). In addition, the milk fat response indicates that the basal diet was favorable to the rumen environment, preventing the trans-10 shift commonly associated with milk fat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.S.d.S.); (M.d.A.F.)
| | - Marco A. S. Gama
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Washington Luiz Road, Km 234, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Erick A. M. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Emília F. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe G. Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. F. Monteiro
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Alagoas, BR 316, Km 87.5, Santana do Ipanema 57500-000, Brazil
| | - Robert E. Mora-Luna
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of North of Tocantins, Araguaína 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. V. Oliveira
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, 100 Edílio Simões da Rocha St, Arcoverde 56500-000, Brazil
| | - Djalma C. Santos
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, 100 Edílio Simões da Rocha St, Arcoverde 56500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de A. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.S.d.S.); (M.d.A.F.)
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