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Muñoz C, Villalobos R, Peralta AMT, Morales R, Urrutia NL, Ungerfeld EM. Long-Term and Carryover Effects of Supplementation with Whole Oilseeds on Methane Emission, Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Grazing Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2978. [PMID: 34679995 PMCID: PMC8532947 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research is ongoing to find nutritional methane (CH4) mitigation strategies with persistent effects that can be applied to grazing ruminants. Lipid addition to dairy cow diets has shown potential as means to decrease CH4 emissions. This study evaluated the effects of oilseeds on CH4 emission and production performance of grazing lactating dairy cows. Sixty Holstein Friesian cows grazing pasture were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 15): supplemented with concentrate without oilseeds (CON), with whole cottonseed (CTS), rapeseed (RPS) or linseed (LNS). Oilseeds were supplemented during weeks 1-16 (spring period) and 17-22 (summer period), and the autumn period (wk 23-27) was used to evaluate treatment carryover effects. Cows fed CTS decreased CH4 yield by 14% compared to CON in spring, but these effects did not persist after 19 weeks of supplementation (summer). Compared to CON, RPS decreased milk yield and CTS increased milk fat concentration in both spring and summer. In summer, CTS also increased milk protein concentration but decreased milk yield, compared to CON. In spring, compared to CON, CTS decreased most milk medium-chain fatty acids (FA; 8:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 15:0) and increased stearic, linoleic and rumenic FA, and LNS increased CLA FA. There were no carry-over effects into the autumn period. In conclusion, supplementation of grazing dairy cows with whole oilseeds resulted in mild effects on methane emissions and animal performance. In particular, supplementing with CTS can decrease CH4 yield without affecting milk production, albeit with a mild and transient CH4 decrease effect. Long term studies conducted under grazing conditions are important to provide a comprehensive overview of how proposed nutritional CH4 mitigation strategies affect productivity, sustainability and consumer health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
| | - Rodrigo Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | | | - Rodrigo Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
| | - Natalie Louise Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
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Queirós MDS, Viriato RLS, Ribeiro APB, Gigante ML. Milk Fat Modification Strategies for Technological Application on a Macro, Micro and Nanoscale: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1952424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara de Souza Queirós
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Lázaro Soares Viriato
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirna Lúcia Gigante
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lindberg M. Milk fatty acid profiles from inclusion of different calcium salts in dairy cow diets. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1781925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Lindberg
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Viriato RLS, Queirós MDS, Neves MIL, Ribeiro APB, Gigante ML. Improvement in the functionality of spreads based on milk fat by the addition of low melting triacylglycerols. Food Res Int 2019; 120:432-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Ungerfeld E, Urrutia N, Vásconez-Montúfar C, Morales R. Factors associated with the content of mammary-synthesized fatty acids in milk fat: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4105-4117. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Effects of feeding unprocessed oilseeds on methane emission, nitrogen utilization efficiency and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Peiró V, Frutos P. Conditions Associated with Marine Lipid-Induced Milk Fat Depression in Sheep Cause Shifts in the In Vitro Ruminal Metabolism of 1- 13C Oleic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E196. [PMID: 30400269 PMCID: PMC6262421 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in ruminal oleic acid (OA) metabolism have received little research attention but recent studies have suggested their association with marine lipid-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in ewes and cows. Measurement of specific products of OA within the complex mixture of digesta lipids is however challenging. Therefore, this in vitro trial combined the isotopic labelling technique with the use of rumen inoculum from cannulated sheep fed a diet supplemented or not with 2% of fish oil (which has been demonstrated to cause MFD in dairy ruminants) to characterize the metabolism of OA in response to ruminal alterations associated with MFD. The products of 13C-OA after 24 h of incubation were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Numerous 13C-labeled 18:1 intermediates and oxygenated FA were detected and no elongation or desaturation of 13OA occurred. Diet supplementation with fish oil (i.e., MFD conditions) resulted in no unique metabolites of 13OA but in relevant changes in the relative contribution of specific metabolic pathways. The inhibition of 18:0 saturation caused by this treatment appeared largely attributable to increased oxygenated FA proportion, in particular the candidate milk fat inhibitor 10-oxo-18:0, and warrants further research on the association between MFD and oxygenated FA. Changes in the concentration of 13C-labeled trans 18:1 intermediates but not in cis 18:1, were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Peiró
- Interdepartmental Research Service (SIdI), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
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Leroux C, Bernard L, Faulconnier Y, Rouel J, de la Foye A, Domagalski J, Chilliard Y. Bovine Mammary Nutrigenomics and Changes in the Milk Composition due to Rapeseed or Sunflower Oil Supplementation of High-Forage or High-Concentrate Diets. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:65-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000445996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Queirós MS, Grimaldi R, Gigante ML. Addition of olein from milk fat positively affects the firmness of butter. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Otto J, Nish P, Balogun R, Freeman M, Malau-Aduli B, Lane P, Malau-Aduli A. Effect of dietary supplementation of pasture-based primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with degummed crude canola oil on body condition score, liveweight, milk yield and composition. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1031768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vafa TS, Naserian AA, Heravi Moussavi AR, Valizadeh R, Mesgaran MD. Effect of supplementation of fish and canola oil in the diet on milk Fatty Acid composition in early lactating holstein cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:311-9. [PMID: 25049568 PMCID: PMC4092963 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of supplementation of fish oil and canola oil in the diet on milk yield, milk components and fatty acid composition of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows (42±12 DIM, 40±6 kg daily milk yield) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (Control), 2% fish oil (FO), 1% canola oil +1% fish oil (FOCO), or 2% canola oil (CO) according to a double 4×4 Latin square design. Each period lasted 3 wk; experimental analyses were restricted to the last week of each period. Supplemental oils were added to a basal diet which was formulated according to NRC (2001) and consisted of 20% alfalfa, 20% corn silage and 60% concentrate. Milk yield was similar between diets (p>0.05), but dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (p<0.05) in cows fed FO diet compared to other diets. Milk fat percentage and daily yield decreased (p<0.01) with the supplementation of fish and canola oil. The daily yield and percentage of milk protein, lactose and solids-not-fat (SNF) were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion (g/100 g fatty acids) of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (p<0.05) in milk of all cows fed diets supplemented with oil. The proportions of 6:0, 8:0, 10:0 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (p<0.01) for all diets supplemented with oil, but the proportions of 14:1, 16:0 and 16:1 fatty acids were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion of trans(t)-18:1 increased (p<0.01) in milk fat of cows fed FO and FOCO diets, but CO diet had the highest proportion of cis(c)-11 18:1 (p<0.01). The concentration of t-10, c-12 18:2, c-9 t-11 18:2, 18:3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) increased (p<0.05) in FO and FOCO diets in comparison with the other two diets. These data indicate that including fish oil in combination with canola oil significantly modifies the fatty acid composition of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam S Vafa
- Payame Noor University, EX phD student at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas A Naserian
- Excellence Center for Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali R Heravi Moussavi
- Excellence Center for Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Excellence Center for Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
- Excellence Center for Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163. Mashhad, Iran
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12
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He ML, Gibb D, McKinnon JJ, McAllister TA. Effect of high dietary levels of canola meal on growth performance, carcass quality and meat fatty acid profiles of feedlot cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
He, M. L., Gibb, D., McKinnon, J. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2013. Effect of high dietary levels of canola meal on growth performance, carcass quality and meat fatty acid profiles of feedlot cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 269–280. This study investigated the effect of substituting canola meal (CM) for barley grain on growth performance, carcass quality and meat fatty acid (FA) profiles of feedlot cattle. Cross bred calves (n=140; 285±27 kg) were individually fed diets comprised of a barley grain based concentrate (including 5% supplement) and barley silage at ratios of 45:55 and 92:8 (DM basis) during growing and finishing periods, respectively. Pressed CM from Brassica napus, containing 11.4% residual oil and solvent-extracted CM derived from B. napus or Brassica juncea canola seed were compared. Canola meal was substituted for 0 (control), 15, or 30% barley grain (DM basis) in both growing and finishing diets. Regardless of diet, cattle did not differ (P>0.05) in average daily gain in either the growing or finishing period. For the overall feeding period, inclusion of 30% CM increased (P<0.01) DMI of cattle compared with 15% CM groups, but reduced (P<0.05) gain: feed (G:F) as compared with control and 15% B. juncea and 15% pressed CM. Gain: feed of cattle fed CM was also reduced (P<0.05) during the finishing period as compared with the control diet with this reduction being more notable at the 30% level. Carcass quality and incidence of liver abscesses were not affected (P>0.05) by inclusion of CM. Inclusion of 30% pressed CM resulted in higher (P<0.05)%FAME of total polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3, alpha-linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and a decrease (P<0.05) in n-6/n-3 ratio in the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle as compared with the control diet. In conclusion, inclusion of CM did not alter the growth performance or G:F of beef cattle during the growing period, but did lower G:F during the finishing period. The inclusion of 15 or 30% solvent-extracted CM did not alter carcass quality, whereas 30% pressed CM increased the levels of desirable fatty acids (i.e., n-3 and CLA) in beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - D. Gibb
- Hi-Pro Feeds, 1810 39 St. N., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1H 5J2
| | - J. J. McKinnon
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Lerch S, Ferlay A, Shingfield K, Martin B, Pomiès D, Chilliard Y. Rapeseed or linseed supplements in grass-based diets: Effects on milk fatty acid composition of Holstein cows over two consecutive lactations. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5221-5241. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lerch S, Ferlay A, Pomiès D, Martin B, Pires J, Chilliard Y. Rapeseed or linseed supplements in grass-based diets: Effects on dairy performance of Holstein cows over 2 consecutive lactations. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1956-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dang Van Q, Bejarano L, Mignolet E, Coulmier D, Froidmont E, Larondelle Y, Focant M. Effectiveness of extruded rapeseed associated with an alfalfa protein concentrate in enhancing the bovine milk fatty acid composition. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4005-15. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hristov A, Domitrovich C, Wachter A, Cassidy T, Lee C, Shingfield K, Kairenius P, Davis J, Brown J. Effect of replacing solvent-extracted canola meal with high-oil traditional canola, high-oleic acid canola, or high-erucic acid rapeseed meals on rumen fermentation, digestibility, milk production, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4057-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sterk A, Hovenier R, Vlaeminck B, van Vuuren AM, Hendriks WH, Dijkstra J. Effects of chemically or technologically treated linseed products and docosahexaenoic acid addition to linseed oil on biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2011; 93:5286-99. [PMID: 20965345 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rumen biohydrogenation kinetics of C18:3n-3 from several chemically or technologically treated linseed products and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) addition to linseed oil were evaluated in vitro. Linseed products evaluated were linseed oil, crushed linseed, formaldehyde treated crushed linseed, sodium hydroxide/formaldehyde treated crushed linseed, extruded whole linseed (2 processing variants), extruded crushed linseed (2 processing variants), micronized crushed linseed, commercially available extruded linseed, lipid encapsulated linseed oil, and DHA addition to linseed oil. Each product was incubated with rumen liquid using equal amounts of supplemented C18:3n-3 and fermentable substrate (freeze-dried total mixed ration) for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24h using a batch culture technique. Disappearance of C18:3n-3 was measured to estimate the fractional biohydrogenation rate and lag time according to an exponential model and to calculate effective biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3, assuming a fractional passage rate of 0.060/h. Treatments showed no differences in rumen fermentation parameters, including gas production rate and volatile fatty acid concentration. Technological pretreatment (crushing) followed by chemical treatment applied as formaldehyde of linseed resulted in effective protection of C18:3n-3 against biohydrogenation. Additional chemical pretreatment (sodium hydroxide) before applying formaldehyde treatment did not further improve the effectiveness of protection. Extrusion of whole linseed compared with extrusion of crushed linseed was effective in reducing C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation, whereas the processing variants were not different in C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation. Crushed linseed, micronized crushed linseed, lipid encapsulated linseed oil, and DHA addition to linseed oil did not reduce C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation. Compared with the other treatments, docosahexaenoic acid addition to linseed oil resulted in a comparable trans11,cis15-C18:2 biohydrogenation but a lesser trans10+11-C18:1 biohydrogenation. This suggests that addition of DHA in combination with linseed oil was effective only in inhibiting the last step of biohydrogenation from trans10+11-C18:1 to C18:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sterk
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Ollier S, Leroux C, de la Foye A, Bernard L, Rouel J, Chilliard Y. Whole intact rapeseeds or sunflower oil in high-forage or high-concentrate diets affects milk yield, milk composition, and mammary gene expression profile in goats. J Dairy Sci 2010; 92:5544-60. [PMID: 19841217 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to ascertain the response of goat mammary metabolic pathways to concentrate and lipid feeding in relation to milk fatty acid (FA) composition and secretion. Sixteen midlactation multiparous goats received diets differing in forage-to-concentrate ratio [high forage (HF) 64:36, and low forage (LF) 43:57] supplemented or not with lipids [HF with 130 g/d of oil from whole intact rapeseeds (RS) and LF with 130 g/d of sunflower oil (SO)] in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Milk yield, milk composition, FA profile, and FA secretion were measured, as well as the expression profiles of key genes in mammary metabolism and of 8,382 genes, using a bovine oligonucleotide microarray. After 3 wk of treatment, milk, lactose, and protein yields were lower with HF-RS than with the other diets, whereas treatment had no effect on milk protein content. Milk fat content was higher with the HF-RS and LF-SO diets than with the HF and LF diets, and SO supplementation increased milk fat yield compared with the LF diet. Decreasing the forage-to-concentrate ratio from 64:36 to 43:57 had a limited effect on goat milk FA concentrations and secretions. Supplementing the LF diet with SO changed almost all the FA concentrations, including decreases in medium-chain saturated FA and large increases in trans C18:1 and C18:2 isomers (particularly trans-11 C18:1 and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid), without significant changes in C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1, whereas supplementing the HF diet with RS led to a strong decrease in short- and medium-chain saturated FA and a very strong increase in C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1, without significant changes in trans C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid. Despite the decreases in milk lactose and protein yields observed with HF-RS, and despite the decrease in milk medium-chain FA and the increase in C18 FA secretion with RS or SO supplementation, none of the dietary treatments had any effect on mammary mRNA expression of the key genes involved in lactose (e.g., alpha-lactalbumin), protein (e.g., beta-casein), and lipid metabolism (e.g., lipoprotein lipase) after 3 wk of treatment. In addition, transcriptome analysis did not provide evidence of treatments inducing significant changes in the expression of specific genes in the mammary gland. However, 2-way hierarchical clustering analysis highlighted different global mammary expression profiles between diets, showing that the gene expression profiles corresponding to the same diet were gathered by common groups of genes. This experiment suggests that after 3 wk of dietary treatment, other factors, such as substrate availability for mammary metabolism, could play an important role in contributing to milk FA responses to changes in diet composition in the goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ollier
- INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Smet K, Coudijzer K, Fredrick E, De Campeneere S, De Block J, Wouters J, Raes K, Dewettinck K. Crystallization behavior of milk fat obtained from linseed-fed cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:495-505. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Neves C, dos Santos W, Santos G, da Silva D, Jobim C, Santos F, Visentainer J, Petit H. Production performance and milk composition of dairy cows fed extruded canola seeds treated with or without lignosulfonate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with rapeseed oil, milled or whole rapeseeds on milk fatty-acid composition in cows fed maize silage-based diets. Animal 2009; 3:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173110900442x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Trans Fatty Acids and Bioactive Lipids in Ruminant Milk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 606:3-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chilliard Y, Glasser F, Ferlay A, Bernard L, Rouel J, Doreau M. Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and other biohydrogenation intermediates in plasma and milk fat of cows fed raw or extruded linseed. Animal 2007; 1:835-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173110700002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Henning DR, Baer RJ, Hassan AN, Dave R. Major Advances in Concentrated and Dry Milk Products, Cheese, and Milk Fat-Based Spreads. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:1179-88. [PMID: 16537951 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in dairy foods and dairy foods processing since 1981 have influenced consumers and processors of dairy products. Consumer benefits include dairy products with enhanced nutrition and product functionality for specific applications. Processors convert raw milk to finished product with improved efficiencies and have developed processing technologies to improve traditional products and to introduce new products for expanding the dairy foods market. Membrane processing evolved from a laboratory technique to a major industrial process for milk and whey processing. Ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis have been used extensively in fractionation of milk and whey components. Advances in cheese manufacturing methods have included mechanization of the making process. Membrane processing has allowed uniform composition of the cheese milk and starter cultures have become more predictable. Cheese vats have become larger and enclosed as well as computer controlled. Researchers have learned to control many of the functional properties of cheese by understanding the role of fat and calcium distribution, as bound or unbound, in the cheese matrix. Processed cheese (cheese, foods, spreads, and products) maintain their importance in the industry as many product types can be produced to meet market needs and provide stable products for an extended shelf life. Cheese delivers concentrated nutrients of milk and bio-active peptides to consumers. The technologies for the production of concentrated and dried milk and whey products have not changed greatly in the last 25 yr. The size and efficiencies of the equipment have increased. Use of reverse osmosis in place of vacuum condensing has been proposed. Modifying the fatty acid composition of milkfat to alter the nutritional and functional properties of dairy spread has been a focus of research in the last 2 decades. Conjugated linoleic acid, which can be increased in milkfat by alteration of the cow's diet, has been reported to have anticancer, anti-atherogenic, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects for human health. Separating milk fat into fractions has been accomplished to provide specific fractions to improve butter spreadability, modulate chocolate meltability, and provide texture for low-fat cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Henning
- Minnesota/South Dakota Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007-0647, USA.
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McCaughey K, DePeters E, Robinson P, Santos J, Taylor S, Pareas J. Impact of feeding whole Upland cottonseed, with or without cracked Pima cottonseed with increasing addition of iron sulfate, on milk and milk fat composition of lactating dairy cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Innis S. Chapter 10 Essential fatty acid metabolism during early development. BIOLOGY OF GROWING ANIMALS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mogensen L, Ingvartsen KL, Kristensen T, Seested S, Thamsborg SM. Organic dairy production based on rapeseed, rapeseed cake or cereals as supplement to silage ad libitum. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700410024355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bobe G, Hammond EG, Freeman AE, Lindberg GL, Beitz DC. Texture of butter from cows with different milk fatty acid compositions. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:3122-7. [PMID: 14594230 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk fatty acid composition and textural properties of butter are known to be affected by the cows' diets. We examined the phenotypic variation in milk fatty acid composition among cows fed the same diet to see if the variation was sufficient to produce butter with different textural properties. Ten cows were selected that tested higher (n = 5) or lower (n = 5) in their proportion of milk unsaturated fatty acids. Milk samples were collected a week after testing, and butter was prepared from the individual samples. Milk and butter samples were again analyzed for fatty acid composition. Butter at 5 degrees C was evaluated by a sensory panel for spreadability and by a texture analyzer at both 5 and 23 degrees C for hardness and adhesiveness. Milk and butter samples from cows with a more unsaturated milk fatty acid composition had a lower atherogenic index, and the butter samples were more spreadable, softer, and less adhesive. Thus, phenotypic variation in milk fatty acid composition among cows fed the same diet is sufficient to produce butter with different textural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bobe
- Nutritional Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3150, USA
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30
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Enjalbert F, Eynard P, Nicot MC, Troegeler-Meynadier A, Bayourthe C. In vitro versus in situ ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids from a raw or extruded mixture of ground canola seed/canola meal. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:351-9. [PMID: 12613878 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Raw or extruded blends of ground canola seeds and canola meal were used to compare in vitro and in situ lag times and rates of disappearance due to ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The in situ study resulted in higher lag times for biohydrogenation for polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower rates of biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids than the in vitro study, so the in situ biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was not complete at 24 h of incubation. With both methods, rates of biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than for cis-delta9C18:1. Extrusion did not affect the rate of biohydrogenation of cis-delta9C18:1, but resulted in higher rates of biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with higher proportions of trans intermediates of biohydrogenation at 4 h of incubation in vitro and at 8 h of incubation in situ. These results suggest that extrusion affects the isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, rather than the hydrogenation steps. In conclusion, in vitro and in situ methods can both show differences of ruminal metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids due to processing, but the methods provide very different estimates of the rates of disappearance due to biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Enjalbert
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Département Elevage & Produits, Laboratoire d'Alimentation, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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31
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Gonzalez S, Duncan SE, O'Keefe SF, Sumner SS, Herbein JH. Oxidation and textural characteristics of butter and ice cream with modified fatty acid profiles. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:70-7. [PMID: 12613850 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate oxidation and firmness of butter and ice cream made with modified milkfat containing enhanced amounts of linoleic acid or oleic acid. The influence of the fatty acid profile of the HO milkfat relating to product properties as compared with the influence the fatty acid profile of the HL milkfat was the main focus of the research. Altering the degree of unsaturation in milkfat may affect melting characteristics and oxidation rates, leading to quality issues in dairy products. Three milkfat compositions (high-oleic, high-linoleic, and control) were obtained by modifying the diets of Holstein cows. Ice cream and butter were processed from milkfat obtained from cows in each dietary group. Butter and ice cream samples were analyzed to determine fatty acid profile and firmness. High-oleic milkfat resulted in a softer butter. Solid fat index of high-oleic and high-linoleic milkfat was lower than the control. Control ice cream mix had higher viscosity compared with high-oleic and high-linoleic, but firmness of all ice creams was similar when measured between -17 and -13 degrees C. Nutritional and textural properties of butter and ice cream can be improved by modifying the diets of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gonzalez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Abstract
Data from recent publications on bovine milk lipids are presented and discussed. This includes extraction of lipids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, other complex lipids, sterols, isoflavones, and fatty acids. Improved gas-liquid and high performance liquid chromatography were used. Data on the trans and cis isomers of fatty acid and of conjugated linoleic acids are given, and the analyses are described. Papers about the lipids in milks and dairy products from the United States are few; where with the exception of trans-fatty acid isomers and conjugated linoleic acids, almost no research has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Jensen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4017, USA.
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Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Doreau M. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow’s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jaros D, Ginzinger W, Tschager E, Leitgeb R, Rohm H. Application of oilseed feeding to reduce firmness of hard cheeses produced in the winter feeding period. Int Dairy J 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(01)00095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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