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Krebs L, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Lesar A, Meddah R, Blouin M, Venema K, Chamberland J, Brisson G. Assessment of protein and phospholipid bioaccessibility in ultrafiltered buttermilk cheese using TIM-1 in vitro gastrointestinal methods. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114606. [PMID: 38945574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.g., altered coagulation properties) and the product's final quality (e.g., high moisture content). The concentration of BM by ultrafiltration (UF) could potentially facilitate its use in cheese manufacturing through an increased protein content while maintaining the milk salt balance. Simultaneously, little is known about the digestion of UF BM cheese. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact of UF BM on cheese manufacture, its structure, and its behavior during in vitro digestion. A 2-fold UF concentrated BM was used for cheese manufacture (skim milk [SM] - control). Compositional, textural, and microstructural analyses of cheeses were first conducted. In a second step, the cheeses were fed into an in vitro TNO gastrointestinal digestion model (TIM-1) of the stomach and small intestine and protein and phospholipid (PL) bioaccessibility was studied. The results showed that UF BM cheese significantly differed from SM cheese regarding its composition, hardness (p < 0.05) and microstructure. However, in TIM-1, UF BM and SM cheeses showed similar digestion behavior as a percentage of protein and PL intake. Despite relatively more non-digested and non-absorbed PL in the ileum efflux of UF BM cheese, the initially higher PL concentration contributes to an enhanced nutritional value compared to SM cheese. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the bioaccessibility of proteins and PL from UF BM and SM cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Krebs
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Lesar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rihab Meddah
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maude Blouin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Chamberland
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Brisson
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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2
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Krebs L, Pouliot Y, Doyen A, Venema K, Brisson G. Effect of reverse osmosis and ultra-high-pressure homogenization on the composition and microstructure of sweet buttermilk. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1596-1610. [PMID: 36586799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Buttermilk (BM), the by-product of butter making, is similar to skim milk (SM) composition. However, it is currently undervalued in dairy processing because it is responsible for texture defects (e.g., crumbliness, decreased firmness) in cheese and yogurt. One possible way of improving the incorporation of BM into dairy products is by the use of technological pretreatments such as membrane filtration and homogenization. The study aimed at characterizing the effect of preconcentration by reverse osmosis (RO) and single-pass ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) on the composition and microstructure of sweet BM to modify its techno-functional properties (e.g., protein gel formation, syneresis, firmness). The BM and RO BM were treated at 0, 15, 150, and 300 MPa. Pressure-treated and control BM and RO BM were ultracentrifuged to fractionate them into the following 3 fractions: a supernatant soluble fraction (top layer), a colloidal fraction consisting of a cloudy layer (middle layer), and a high-density pellet (bottom layer). Compositional changes in the soluble fraction [lipid, phospholipid (PL), protein, and salt], as well as its protein profile by PAGE analysis, were determined. Modifications in particle size distribution upon UHPH were monitored by laser diffraction in the presence and absence of sodium citrate to dissociate the casein (CN) micelles. Microstructural changes in pressure-treated and non-pressure-treated BM and RO BM particles were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Particle size analysis showed that UHPH treatment significantly decreased the size of the milk fat globule membrane fragments in BM and RO BM. Also, pressure treatment at 300 MPa led to a significant increase in the recovery of total lipids, CN, calcium, and phosphate in the BM soluble fraction (top layer) following ultracentrifugation. However, PL were primarily concentrated in the pellet cloud (middle layer), located above the pellet in BM concentrated by RO. In contrast, PL were evenly distributed between soluble and colloidal phases of BM. This study provides insight into the modifications of sweet BM constituents induced by RO and UHPH from a compositional and structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Krebs
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y Pouliot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Doyen
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University-Venlo, 5928 SZ, the Netherlands
| | - G Brisson
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Reale E, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Lu Y, Johnson M, Jaeggi J, Molitor M, Lucey J. Slower proteolysis in Cheddar cheese made from high-protein cheese milk is due to an elevated whey protein content. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9367-9386. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Texture, microstructure, and antioxidant characteristics of bio-fermented milk fortified with buttermilk nano-powder. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Sakkas L, Evageliou V, Igoumenidis PE, Moatsou G. Properties of Sweet Buttermilk Released from the Churning of Cream Separated from Sheep or Cow Milk or Sheep Cheese Whey: Effect of Heat Treatment and Storage of Cream. Foods 2022; 11:465. [PMID: 35159618 PMCID: PMC8833928 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the buttermilk released from the churning of sweet cream separated from sheep milk (BSM) or whey (BSW) with the buttermilk from sweet cow milk cream (BCM). Additional experimental factors were the heat treatment (68 °C for 10 or 30 min) and storage of cream (refrigeration or freezing). The composition of BSM was the most advantageous in terms of non-fat solids, protein-which was the most abundant solid component-casein, calcium and phosphorus contents. No significant differences were observed in the phospholipids (PL) content of BSM, BCM and BSW. Antioxidant potential and emulsion stability (ES) of BSM were the highest. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of BSW was high opposite to chelating activity (CA). Some functional properties of BSW were similar to those of BSM and BCM. The freezing of cream affected the churning, the fat content, the soluble nitrogenous fraction at pH 4.6 (WSN) and some functional properties of buttermilk, but not in a consistent manner. The properties of BSM were marginally affected or unaffected by the use of frozen cream. The freezing of whey cream caused significant changes (p < 0.05) in the protein profile and the functional behaviour of BSW. Cream heat treatment affected the WSN of BSW opposite to its sweet cream counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Sakkas
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Vasiliki Evageliou
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Panagiotis E. Igoumenidis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece;
| | - Golfo Moatsou
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.S.); (V.E.)
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7
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Partial substitution of sheep and goat milks of various fat contents by the respective sweet buttermilks: Effect of cream heat treatment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Reale E, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Johnson M, Jaeggi J, Molitor M, Lu Y, Lucey J. Effects of the depletion of whey proteins from unconcentrated milk using microfiltration on the yield, functionality, and nutritional profile of Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9906-9922. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Mohan MS, O'Callaghan TF, Kelly P, Hogan SA. Milk fat: opportunities, challenges and innovation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2411-2443. [PMID: 32649226 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1778631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat is a high-value milk component that is processed mainly as butter, cheese, cream and whole milk powder. It is projected that approximately 35 million tonnes of milk fat will be produced globally by 2025. This surplus, enhances the need for diversification of milk fat products and the milk pool in general. Infant milk formula producers, for instance, have incorporated enzyme modified ("humanised") milk fat and fat globule phospholipids to better mimic human milk fat structures. Minor components like mono- and di-glycerides from milk fat are increasingly utilized as emulsifiers, replacing palm esters in premium-priced food products. This review examines the chemistry of milk fat and the technologies employed for its modification, fractionation and enrichment. Emerging processing technologies such as ultrasound, high pressure processing, supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation, can be employed to improve the nutritional and functional attributes of milk fat. The potential of recent developments in biological intervention, through dietary manipulation of milk fatty acid profiles in cattle also offers significant promise. Finally, this review provides evidence to help redress the imbalance in reported associations between milk fat consumption and human health, and elucidates the health benefits associated with consumption of milk fat and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha S Mohan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Phil Kelly
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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10
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Zhao L, Feng R, Mao X. Addition of buttermilk powder improved the rheological and storage properties of low-fat yogurt. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3061-3069. [PMID: 32724570 PMCID: PMC7382195 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Buttermilk is used widely in dairy products due to its good emulsifying and nutritional properties. In the present study, 0%-4.0% (w/w) buttermilk powder was added to low-fat yogurt with a constant protein content to investigate its efficacy on the rheological and storage properties of low-fat yogurt. Buttermilk increased the final titration acidity. Addition of buttermilk decreased the pH at the gelation point, shortened the gelation time, and thus shortened the fermentation period. Storage modulus G', yield stress, yield strain, and compact cross-links of the microstructure were enhanced greatly with addition of 1.0%-2.0% (w/w) buttermilk powder. In addition, addition of buttermilk decreased whey separation and increased the viscosity and firmness of low-fat yogurt during storage. Our findings suggest that the addition of an appropriate amount of buttermilk altered the rheological characteristics and improved the textural and storage properties of low-fat yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Functional DairyMinistry of EducationCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ran Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional DairyMinistry of EducationCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Functional DairyMinistry of EducationCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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11
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Cerminati S, Paoletti L, Aguirre A, Peirú S, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. Industrial uses of phospholipases: current state and future applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2571-2582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Ali AH. Current knowledge of buttermilk: Composition, applications in the food industry, nutritional and beneficial health characteristics. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University 44511 Zagazig Egypt
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13
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Zhao L, Feng R, Ren F, Mao X. Addition of buttermilk improves the flavor and volatile compound profiles of low-fat yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Gauvin MP, Pouliot Y, Britten M. Rennet coagulation properties of milk in the presence of MFGM fragments isolated from raw – and pasteurised-cream buttermilk. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Gauvin MP, Pouliot Y, Britten M. Characterization of buttermilk serum fractions and their effect on rennet-induced coagulation of casein micelle dispersions. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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The effect of buttermilk or buttermilk powder addition on functionality, textural, sensory and volatile characteristics of Cheddar-style cheese. Food Res Int 2017; 103:468-477. [PMID: 29389637 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of buttermilk or buttermilk powder addition to cheese milk or cheese curds respectively on cheese functional properties, free fatty acid profiles and subsequent volatile and sensory characteristics was investigated. Buttermilk addition to cheese milk resulted in a softer cheese compared to other cheeses, with a significantly reduced flowability, while buttermilk powder addition had no influence on cheese firmness but cheese flowability was also reduced compared to the control cheese. Larger pools of free fat, higher levels of free fatty acids, volatile compounds and significant differences in sensory profiles associated with off-flavour were also observed with the addition of buttermilk to cheese milk. Application of light microscopy, using toluidine blue stain, facilitated the visualisation of fat globule structure and distribution within the protein matrix. Addition of 10% buttermilk powder resulted in significant increases in volatile compounds originating from proteolysis pathways associated with roasted, green aromas. Descriptive sensory evaluation indicated few differences between the 10% buttermilk powder and the control cheese, while buttermilk cheeses scored negatively for sweaty, barnyard aromas, oxidized and off flavors, correlating with associated volatile aromas. Addition of 10% buttermilk powder to cheese curds results in cheese comparable to the control Cheddar with some variations in volatile compounds resulting in a cheese with similar structural and sensory characteristics albeit with subtle differences in overall cheese flavor. This could be manipulated to produce cheeses of desirable quality, with potential health benefits due to increased phospholipid levels in cheese.
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17
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Hickey CD, Diehl BWK, Nuzzo M, Millqvist-Feurby A, Wilkinson MG, Sheehan JJ. Influence of buttermilk powder or buttermilk addition on phospholipid content, chemical and bio-chemical composition and bacterial viability in Cheddar style-cheese. Food Res Int 2017; 102:748-758. [PMID: 29196008 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of buttermilk powder addition post-curd formation or buttermilk addition to cheese milk on total and individual phospholipid content, chemical composition, enzyme activity, microbial populations and microstructure within Cheddar-style cheese was investigated. Buttermilk or buttermilk powder addition resulted in significant increases in total phospholipid content and their distribution throughout the cheese matrix. Addition of 10% buttermilk powder resulted in higher phospholipid content, moisture, pH and salt in moisture levels, and lower fat, fat in dry matter, L. helveticus and non-starter bacteria levels in cheeses. Buttermilk powder inclusion resulted in lower pH4.6/Soluble Nitrogen (SN) levels and significantly lower free amino acid levels in 10% buttermilk powder cheeses. Buttermilk addition provided a more porous cheese microstructure with greater fat globule coalescence and increased free fat pools, while also increasing moisture and decreasing protein, fat and pH levels. Addition of buttermilk in liquid or powdered form offers potential for new cheeses with associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - B W K Diehl
- Spectral service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 33, 50996 Köln, Germany.
| | - M Nuzzo
- RISE-Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - M G Wilkinson
- University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - J J Sheehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Technological tools to include whey proteins in cheese: Current status and perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Stankey JA, Lu Y, Abdalla A, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Ø Mikkelsen B, Pedersen KT, Andersen CB. Low-fat Cheddar cheese made using microparticulated whey proteins: Effect on yield and cheese quality. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stankey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Abdelmoneim Abdalla
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- College of Agriculture; South Valley University; 83523 Qena Egypt
| | - Selvarani Govindasamy-Lucey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - John J Jaeggi
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Bente Ø Mikkelsen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S; Soenderhoej 10-12 8260 Viby J Denmark
| | | | - Claus B Andersen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S; Soenderhoej 10-12 8260 Viby J Denmark
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20
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Svanborg S, Johansen AG, Abrahamsen RK, Skeie SB. The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5829-40. [PMID: 26142868 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The demand for whey protein is increasing in the food industry. Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. The ultrafiltrates were subsequently spray dried, and their functional properties and chemical compositions were compared. The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Svanborg
- TINE SA R&D, Kalbakken, PO Box 7, Kalbakken, 0901, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne-Grethe Johansen
- TINE SA R&D, Kalbakken, PO Box 7, Kalbakken, 0901, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Roger K Abrahamsen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Siv B Skeie
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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21
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Hickey C, Auty M, Wilkinson M, Sheehan J. The influence of cheese manufacture parameters on cheese microstructure, microbial localisation and their interactions during ripening: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Le TT, Van Camp J, Dewettinck K. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Material. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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23
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24
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Romeih EA, Moe KM, Skeie S. The influence of fat globule membrane material on the microstructure of low-fat Cheddar cheese. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Puglisi I, Petrone G, Lo Piero AR. Role of actinidin in the hydrolysis of the cream milk proteins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Physical properties and microstructure of yoghurt enriched with milk fat globule membrane material. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi J, Martinelli C, Johnson M, Lucey J. Standardization of milk using cold ultrafiltration retentates for the manufacture of Swiss cheese: Effect of altering coagulation conditions on yield and cheese quality. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2719-30. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kelly AL, Huppertz T, Sheehan JJ. Pre-treatment of cheese milk: principles and developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/dst:2008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Dewettinck K, Rombaut R, Thienpont N, Le TT, Messens K, Van Camp J. Nutritional and technological aspects of milk fat globule membrane material. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Morin P, Pouliot Y, Britten M. Effect of Buttermilk Made from Creams with Different Heat Treatment Histories on Properties of Rennet Gels and Model Cheeses. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:871-82. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Johnson ME, Wang T, Lucey JA. Use of Cold Microfiltration Retentates Produced with Polymeric Membranes for Standardization of Milks for Manufacture of Pizza Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4552-68. [PMID: 17881676 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pizza cheese was manufactured with milk (12.1% total solids, 3.1% casein, 3.1% fat) standardized with microfiltered (MF) and diafiltered retentates. Polymeric, spiral-wound MF membranes were used to process cold (<7 degrees C) skim milk, and diafiltration of MF retentates resulted in at least 36% removal of serum protein on a true protein basis. Cheese milks were obtained by blending the MF retentate (16.4% total solids, 11.0% casein, 0.4% fat) with whole milk (12.1% total solids, 2.4% casein, 3.4% fat). Control cheese was made with part-skim milk (10.9% total solids, 2.4% casein, 2.4% fat). Initial trials with MF standardized milk resulted in cheese with approximately 2 to 3% lower moisture (45%) than control cheese ( approximately 47 to 48%). Cheese-making procedures (cutting conditions) were then altered to obtain a similar moisture content in all cheeses by using a lower setting temperature, increasing the curd size, and lowering the wash water temperature during manufacture of the MF cheeses. Two types of MF standardized cheeses were produced, one with preacidification of milk to pH 6.4 (pH6.4MF) and another made from milk preacidified to pH 6.3 (pH6.3MF). Cheese functionality was assessed by dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology, University of Wisconsin MeltProfiler, and performance on pizza. Nitrogen recoveries were significantly higher in MF standardized cheeses. Fat recoveries were higher in the pH6.3MF cheese than the control or pH6.4MF cheese. Moisture-adjusted cheese yield was significantly higher in the 2 MF-fortified cheeses compared with the control cheese. Maximum loss tangent (LT(max)) values were not significantly different among the 3 cheeses, suggesting that these cheeses had similar meltability. The LT(max) values increased during ripening. The temperature at which the LT(max) was observed was highest in control cheese and was lower in the pH6.3MF cheese than in the pH6.4MF cheese. The temperature of the LT(max) decreased with age for all 3 cheeses. Values of 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen levels were similar in all cheeses. Performance on pizza was similar for all cheeses. The use of MF retentates derived with polymeric membranes was successful in increasing cheese yield, and cheese quality was similar in the control and MF standardized cheeses.
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Govindasamy-Lucey S, Lin T, Jaeggi JJ, Martinelli CJ, Johnson ME, Lucey JA. Effect of Type of Concentrated Sweet Cream Buttermilk on the Manufacture, Yield, and Functionality of Pizza Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:2675-88. [PMID: 17517707 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sweet cream buttermilk (SCB) is a rich source of phospholipids (PL). Most SCB is sold in a concentrated form. This study was conducted to determine if different concentration processes could affect the behavior of SCB as an ingredient in cheese. Sweet cream buttermilk was concentrated by 3 methods: cold ( < 7 degrees C) UF, cold reverse osmosis (RO), and evaporation (EVAP). A washed, stirred-curd pizza cheese was manufactured using the 3 different types of concentrated SCB as an ingredient in standardized milk. Cheesemilks of casein:fat ratio of 1.0 and final casein content approximately 2.7% were obtained by blending ultrafiltered (UF)-SCB retentate (19.9% solids), RO-SCB retentate (21.9% solids), or EVAP-SCB retentate (36.6% solids) with partially skimmed milk (11.2% solids) and cream (34.6% fat). Control milk (11.0% solids) was standardized by blending partially skimmed milk with cream. Cheese functionality was assessed using dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology, UW Meltprofiler (degree of flow after heating to 60 degrees C), and performance of cheese on pizza. Initial trials with SCB-fortified cheeses resulted in approximately 4 to 5% higher moisture (51 to 52%) than control cheese (approximately 47%). In subsequent trials, procedures were altered to obtain similar moisture content in all cheeses. Fat recoveries were significantly lower in RO- and EVAP-SCB cheeses than in control or UF-SCB cheeses. Nitrogen recoveries were not significantly different but tended to be slightly lower in control cheeses than the various SCB cheeses. Total PL recovered in SCB cheeses ( approximately 32 to 36%) were lower than control ( approximately 41%), even though SCB is high in PL. From the rheology test, the loss tangent curves at temperatures > 40 degrees C increased as cheese aged up to a month and were significantly lower in SCB cheeses than the control, indicating lower meltability. Degree of flow in all the cheeses was similar regardless of the treatment used, and as cheese ripened, it increased for all cheeses. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble N levels were similar in the control and SCB-fortified cheese. On baked pizza, cheese made from milk fortified with UF-SCB tended to have the lowest amount of free oil, but flavor attributes of all cheeses were similar. Addition of concentrated SCB to standardize cheesemilk for pizza cheese did not adversely affect functional properties of cheese but increased cheese moisture without changes in manufacturing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Govindasamy-Lucey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA.
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Lilbaek HM, Broe ML, Høier E, Fatum TM, Ipsen R, Sørensen NK. Improving the Yield of Mozzarella Cheese by Phospholipase Treatment of Milk. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:4114-25. [PMID: 17032998 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Part-skim Mozzarella cheese was manufactured from milk hydrolyzed with fungal phospholipase A1 prior to renneting. The phospholipase treatment reduced fat losses in whey and cooking water and increased cheese yield as a result of improved fat and moisture retention in the cheese curd. The amount of phospholipids in the whey was reduced because of improved retention of lysophospholipids in the cheese curd. Water binding in the fresh curds and young cheeses up to 3 wk of storage was investigated by a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spin-spin relaxation technique. In the fresh curds, 2 dominant water fractions were present, characterized by average spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of 14 and 86 to 89 ms, respectively. These 2 fractions of low- and high-molecular-mobility water were similar in all cheeses and presumed to represent water associated with the casein matrix and water present in the pores. A few hours after manufacture, cheeses made with phospholipase showed decreased T2 of the high-mobility fraction, indicating improved water-holding capacity. It is suggested that lysophospholipids released from the fat globule membranes act as surface-active agents in the cheese curd, helping emulsification of water and fat during processing and reducing syneresis. During 3 wk of storage after manufacture, the mobility of both water fractions increased in all cheeses, but was highest in the cheeses made with phospholipase. The increase in mobility during the first weeks of storage has earlier been ascribed to structural changes in the protein matrix, which in principle could be accelerated because of the higher moisture content. However, the microstructure of phospholipase-treated cheese was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and found to be very similar to the control cheese during processing and up to 28 d of storage. In addition, flowability, stretchability, and browning were acceptable and similar in all the manufactured cheeses. Thus, phospholipase hydrolysis of cheese milk improved the cheese yield without changing the cheese microstructure, and resulted in cheese with functional properties that were identical to traditional Mozzarella cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Lilbaek
- Institute of Food Science, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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