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Uwineza C, Parchami M, Bouzarjomehr M, Taherzadeh MJ, Mahboubi A. Recent Developments in the Application of Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae in Ruminant Feed. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2427. [PMID: 39199960 PMCID: PMC11350777 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The resource-intensive nature of the ruminant farming sector, which has been exacerbated by population growth and increasing pressure to reduce feed antibiotics and growth promoters, has sparked interest in looking for sustainable alternative feed sources to enhance ruminant production efficiency. Edible filamentous fungi, rich in macronutrients like proteins, offer promise in reducing the reliance on conventional protein sources and antimicrobials to improve feed quality and animal performance. The inclusion of single-cell proteins, particularly filamentous fungi, in ruminant feed has long been of scientific and industrial interest. This review focuses on the potential application of the extensively studied Aspergillus oryzae and its fermentation extracts in ruminant nutrition. It provides an overview of conventional ruminant feed ingredients, supplements, and efficiency. Additionally, this review analyzes the re-utilization of organic residues for A. oryzae cultivation and examines the effects of adding fungal extracts to ruminant feed on ruminal digestibility and animal performance, all within a circular bioeconomy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden; (C.U.)
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He L, Zhou W, Wang Y, Wang C, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, tannins profile and in vitro digestibility ofNeolamarckia cadambaleaves silage. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1429-1436. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Animal Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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Sun H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Liu J. Effects of addition of Aspergillus oryzae culture and 2-hydroxyl-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid on milk performance and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:602-609. [PMID: 27506446 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) on milk performance and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. Sixty-four multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were randomly allocated into four experimental diets: (i) Control diet; (ii) AOC diet: 5 g AOC/day per head; (iii) HMB diet: 25 g HMB/day; and (iv) AH diet: 5 g AOC plus 25 g HMB/day. Added HMB tended to increase the yield of milk protein (P = 0.06) and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (P = 0.08) and milk fat content (P = 0.09). Milk fat yield (P = 0.03) and the contents of milk protein (P = 0.05) were increased by adding HMB. The cows fed on AOC diet had a tendency for higher body weight (BW) gain (P = 0.08). Addition of AOC, HMB and AH increased content of microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (P < 0.01) in rumen fluid. Populations of rumen fungi, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens relative to total bacterial 16S rDNA (P ≤ 0.03) and activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) (P < 0.01) were increased with added AOC or HMB. It is inferred that added AOC or HMB can increase the contents of MCP and total VFA potentially by stimulating rumen microbe populations and CMCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Qilu University of Technology, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Novus International Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Kung
- Department of Animal & Food Science; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware
| | - Martin R. Stokes
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Maine; Orono Maine
| | - C. J. Lin
- The Mennel Milling Co.; Roanoke Virginia
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Sun H, Wu YM, Wang YM, Liu JX, Myung KH. Effects of Aspergillus Oryzae Culture and 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations between Different Roughage Sources. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1285-92. [PMID: 25178372 PMCID: PMC4150195 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa (p≤0.03) and fungi (p≤0.02) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus (p≤0.03). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB×AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China ; Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Y M Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y M Wang
- Novus International Research Center, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - K H Myung
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0003356100003561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe effects of three variables; polysaccharidase inclusion level (0, 5 and 10 g/kg), moisture content (500, 600 and 700 g/kg dry matter (DM), and particle size (20, 5 and 2 mm), on the quality and degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw were investigated. The polysaccharidase product used was shown to contain a broad spectrum of activities against polysaccharides typical of plant material. The major activities present being: mixed link glucanase, xylanase and both endo- and exo-cellulase. The straw treated with polysaccharidase had a lower final pH (5·21, 4·87, 4·82; P < 0·01), higher concentrations of lactic acid (1·98, 3·90, 3·67 g/kg; P < 0·01), a lower content of neutral-detergent fibre (689, 630, 621 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) and a higher solubility, measured as washing losses from nylon bags (152, 196, 212 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase treatments respectively. The samples were subsequently incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three sheep for 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h to estimate degradation rate and potential degradability using the expression p = a + b (1 – e−ct) where p is degradability at time t and a, b and c are constants. While there was no effect of moisture content or physical form of the straw, the degradation rate constant (c) was increased (P < 0·01) by the addition of polysaccharidase. The maximum potential degradability (a + b), however, was not altered by any of the treatments. The values for c were 0·0498, 0·0677 and 0·0817 per h and for (a + b) were 62·4, 62·1 and 62·8 g/100 g DM for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase enzyme additions respectively. It is concluded that the use of polysaccharidase enzymes can assist in the preservation of wet straw and can result in improved degradation characteristics.
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Colombatto D, Mould FL, Bhat MK, Phipps RH, Owen E. In vitro evaluation of fibrolytic enzymes as additives for maize (Zea mays L.) silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sheperd AC, Kung L. An enzyme additive for corn silage: effects on silage composition and animal performance. J Dairy Sci 1996; 79:1760-66. [PMID: 8923246 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole-plant corn was harvested at the soft dough stage of maturity, was left untreated or was treated with an enzyme additive containing cellulase and hemicellulase, and was ensiled in bag or mini silos. Silage fermentation was not markedly altered by treatment, regardless of silo type; however, enzyme treatment reduced NDF and ADF contents of silage and reduced in vitro NDF digestibility after 196 d of storage in mini silos. For corn silage stored in bag silos, enzyme treatment had no effect on fibrous components; however, for ruminal continuous cultures, a diet containing treated silage decreased the acetate to propionate ratio. Nutrient digestion was not different in lambs fed untreated or treated corn silage, but N retention was greater in lambs fed the latter. Treatment of corn silage with the enzyme additive had no effect on DMI, milk production, milk composition, or feed efficiency when silage was fed at 43% (DM basis) of the total mixed diet of the dairy cows. Enzyme treatment had minimal effects on silage fermentation, inconsistent effects on fibrous components of silage, and improved N retention in lambs but had no effect on production of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sheperd
- Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Animal Science and Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark 19717, USA
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Sheperd AC, Kung L. Effects of an enzyme additive on composition of corn silage ensiled at various stages of maturity. J Dairy Sci 1996; 79:1767-73. [PMID: 8923247 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Corn forage at the milk, soft dough, and black layer stages of maturity (22, 28, and 44% DM, respectively) was treated with an enzyme additive at 1, 10, or 100 times the recommended dose and ensiled in laboratory silos at 26 degrees C. By in vitro assay, the additive contained a full complement of cellulase and hemicellulase activities. The pH and temperature optima for cellulase and hemicellulase activities were 4.8 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Regardless of dose, the additive had no effect on fermentation acids or nitrogenous compounds in silage at any maturity; however, high doses increased the glucose content of silage at the milk stage of maturity and increased ethanol content at the soft dough stage. Across maturities, addition of the enzyme additive resulted in a linear decrease in ADF, NDF, and hemicellulose content of corn silage but decreased the acid detergent lignin content of silage only at the milk and black layer stages of maturity. The enzyme additive had no consistent effect on in vitro NDF digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sheperd
- Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Animal Science and Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark 19717, USA
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Adogla-Bessa T, Owen E. Ensiling of whole-crop wheat with cellulase-hemicellulase based enzymes. 1. Effect of crop growth stage and enzyme on silage composition and stability. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(94)00697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Adebowale E, Nakashima Y. Rumen degradation of some Leguminosae and Graminae roughages: effect of chemical pretreatment with or without cellulase preparation on dry matter and cell wall disappearance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90104-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gomez-Alarcon RA, Dudas C, Huber JT. Influence of cultures of Aspergillus oryzae on rumen and total tract digestibility of dietary components. J Dairy Sci 1990; 73:703-10. [PMID: 2341646 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of dried cultures of Aspergillus oryzae on nutrient utilization by mature Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. In trial 1, four cows (two dry and two lactating) were used to test Aspergillus oryzae (3 g/d) and a control treatment at two forage amounts in a 4 x 4 Latin square. Trial 2 compared control, A. oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevesiae using six lactating cows in a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square design. For trial 3, four lactating cows were used in a switchback design to compare control to A. oryzae treatment. In trials 2 and 3, diets contained 70 and 61% concentrate. A fourth in vitro trial was conducted in conjunction with trial 3 in which rumen fluid was obtained from cows adapted or unadapted to A. oryzae. On all trials except high forage in trial 1, A. oryzae increased rumen and total tract digestibility of fiber fractions. Rumen VFA and ammonia were not affected by fungal cultures. Aspergillus oryzae increased rate of rumen fermentation of alfalfa but not of milo or wheat straw. In vitro disappearance of DM from alfalfa, milo, and wheat straw was increased by A. oryzae, and previous adaptation was not required to stimulate in vitro DM digestibility. These results indicate that a primary effect of A. oryzae is stimulation of fiber digestion by rumen microbes.
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Ensiling grass with straw. I. Effect of straw, cellulase enzyme and urea on chemical composition of grass and grass/legume silages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90066-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wiedmeier RD, Arambel MJ, Walters JL. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility. J Dairy Sci 1987; 70:2063-8. [PMID: 3680724 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Four nonpregnant and nonlactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to each of four diets in a 4 X 4 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were 1) basal diet containing 50% concentrate; 2) basal diet plus 90 g/d yeast culture; 3) basal diet plus 2.63 g/d Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract; 4) basal diet plus 90 g/d of A. oryzae fermentation extract and yeast culture. Cows were fed diets at a rate of 86 g DM/kg BW.75 for 14 d adaptation followed by an 8-d collection period. Digestibility of dry matter was increased by A. oryzae and A. oryzae and yeast culture combination treatments. Digestibility of CP was increased regardless of fungal culture addition. Hemicellulose digestibility, percent ruminal cellulolytic organisms, and acetate to propionate ratio were increased by the addition of fungal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Wiedmeier
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
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McHan F. Cellulase-Treated Coastal Bermudagrass Silage and Production of Soluble Carbohydrates, Silage Acids, and Digestibility. J Dairy Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The nature of lignocellulosics and their pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/3540116982_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Nicholson J. Nutrition and feeding aspects of the utilization of processed lignocellulosic waste materials by animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-1131(81)90012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ben-Ghedalia D, Miron J. The effect of combined chemical and enzyme treatments on the saccharification andin vitro digestion rate of wheat straw. Biotechnol Bioeng 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260230412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Van Horn H, Zometa C, Wilcox C, Marshall S, Harris B. Complete Rations for Dairy Cattle. VIII. Effect of Percent and Source of Protein on Milk Yield and Ration Digestibility. J Dairy Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(79)83379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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