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Cho H, Kang K, Kang H, Jeon S, Lee M, Park E, Hong S, Seo S. Effect of the Meal Interval Setting of an Automated Concentrate Feeding System on Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior in Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 38200872 PMCID: PMC10778475 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An automatic concentrate feeding system (ACFS) divides the day into several intervals, allowing cattle to consume a predetermined amount of concentrate mix per interval. This study investigated the impact of changing these intervals (four vs. six) in an ACFS on its precision in monitoring the feed intake and feeding behavior of fattening Hanwoo steers. The experiment, involving 29 fattening Hanwoo steers (688 ± 43.3 kg of body weight, 24 months old), employed a switchback design with two interval settings: four and six per day. Both individual forage and concentrate intakes and feeding behaviors were automatically recorded; however, the ACFS measured feed supply, not actual intake. The precision of the ACFS's intake recordings was tested by manually assessing feed residuals per visit using video recordings. Although no difference was observed in the concentrate intake (p > 0.05), the six-interval setting reduced concentrate residuals by 0.2 kg per visit (p < 0.05). The increased interval setting also resulted in fewer visits for forage consumption and decreased forage and total dry matter intakes (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the increased interval setting for the ACFS reduced the visit frequency for forage consumption and actual forage consumption while improving the precision of the ACFS's intake recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Kyewon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Hamin Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Seoyoung Jeon
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyung Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Eunkyu Park
- Woosung Feed Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34379, Republic of Korea; (E.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Seokman Hong
- Woosung Feed Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34379, Republic of Korea; (E.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.); (S.J.); (M.L.)
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Martineau R, Ouellet DR, Pellerin D, Firkins JL, Hanigan MD, White RR, LaPierre PA, Van Amburgh ME, Lapierre H. Ability of three dairy feed evaluation systems to predict postruminal outflows of nitrogenous compounds in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8583-8610. [PMID: 37683889 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Adequate prediction of postruminal outflow of protein fractions is the starting point for the determination of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cows. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the performance of 3 dairy feed evaluation systems (National Research Council [NRC], Cornell Net Protein and Carbohydrate System [CNCPS], and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine [NASEM]) to predict outflows (g/d) of nonammonia nitrogren (NAN), microbial N (MiN), and nonammonia nonmicrobial N (NANMN). Predictions of rumen degradabilities (% of nutrient) of protein (RDP), NDF, and starch were also evaluated. The data set included 1,294 treatment means from 312 digesta flow studies. The 3 feed evaluation systems were compared using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), the ratio of root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) on standard deviation of observed values (RSR), and the slope between observed and predicted values. Mean and linear biases were deemed biologically relevant and are discussed if higher than a threshold of 5% of the mean of observed values. The comparisons were done on observed values adjusted or not for the study effect; the adjustment had a small effect on the mean bias but the linear bias reflected a response to a dietary change rather than absolute predictions. For the absolute predictions of NAN and MiN, CNCPS had the best-fit statistics (8% greater CCC; 6% lower RMSPE) without any bias; NRC and NASEM underpredicted NAN and MiN, and NASEM had an additional linear bias indicating that the underprediction of MiN increased at increased predictions. For NANMN, fit statistics were similar among the 3 feed evaluation systems with no mean bias; however, the linear bias with NRC and CNCPS indicated underprediction at low predictions and overprediction at elevated predictions. On average, the CCC were smaller and RSR ratios were greater for MiN versus NAN indicating increased prediction errors for MiN. For NAN responses to a dietary change, CNCPS also had the best predictions, although the mean bias with NASEM was not biologically relevant and the 3 feed evaluation systems did not present a linear bias. However, CNCPS, but not the 2 other feed evaluation systems, presented a linear bias for MiN, with responses being overpredicted at increased predictions. For NANMN, responses were overpredicted at increased predictions for the 3 feed evaluation systems, but to a lesser extent with NASEM. The site of sampling had an effect on the mean bias of MiN and NANMN in the 3 feed evaluation systems. The mean bias of MiN was higher in omasal than duodenal studies in the 3 feed evaluation systems (from 55 to 61 g/d) and this mean bias was twice as large when 15N labeling was used as a microbial marker compared with purines. Such a difference was not observed for duodenal studies. The reasons underlying these systematic differences are not clear as the type of measurements used in the current meta-analysis does not allow to delineate if one site or one microbial marker is yielding the "true" postruminal N outflows. Rumen degradabilities of protein was underpredicted with CNCPS, and RDP responses to a dietary change was underpredicted by the 3 feed evaluation systems with increased RDP predictions. Rumen degradability of NDF was underpredicted and had poor fit statistics for NASEM compared with CNCPS. Fit statistics were similar between CNCPS and NASEM for rumen degradability of starch, but with an underprediction of the response with NASEM and absolute values being overpredicted with CNCPS. Multivariate regression analyses showed that diet characteristics were correlated with prediction errors of N outflows in each feed evaluation system. Globally, compared with NAN and NANMN, residuals of MiN were correlated with several moderators in the 3 feed evaluation systems reflecting the complexity to measure and model this outflow. In addition, residuals of NANMN were correlated positively with RDP suggesting an overestimation of this parameter. In conclusion, although progress is still to be made to improve equations predicting postruminal N outflows, the current feed evaluation systems provide sufficient precision and accuracy to predict postruminal outflows of N fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martineau
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8.
| | - D R Ouellet
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8
| | - D Pellerin
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - M D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - R R White
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - P A LaPierre
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - M E Van Amburgh
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - H Lapierre
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8
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Risyahadi ST, Martin RSH, Qomariyah N, Suryahadi S, Sukria HA, Jayanegara A. Effects of dietary extrusion on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, performance and milk composition of dairy cattle: a meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1546-1557. [PMID: 37170505 PMCID: PMC10475385 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of extruded and unextruded feeding on the performance, milk composition, digestibility and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows through a meta-analysis. METHODS The database was compiled from 53 studies in Scopus and PubMed. The data were analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. Extruded feed was grouped as the experiment group while and the others as control group. The bias of publication in the main parameter of dairy performance was evaluated by a funnel plot. RESULTS The result showed that extruded feed enhanced the milk yield, dry matter and crude protein digestibility, butyrate and valerate acid production (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the extruded feed significantly decreased the milk fat and protein concentration (p<0.05). Also, the iso-butyrate and iso-valerate in unextruded feeding was significantly higher than the extruded feed (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded from the meta-analysis that extruded feed effectively improved the milk production and milk lactose concentration, dry matter and protein digestibility, but not the milk fat and protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazli Tutur Risyahadi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Center of Tropical Animal Studies (Centras), IPB University, Bogor 16153,
Indonesia
| | - Rima Shidqiyya Hidayati Martin
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Center of Tropical Animal Studies (Centras), IPB University, Bogor 16153,
Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- South Sulawesi Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology, Makassar 90242,
Indonesia
| | - Suryahadi Suryahadi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University, Kampar, Riau 28412,
Indonesia
| | - Heri Ahmad Sukria
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
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Hossein Abadi M, Ghoorchi T, Amirteymouri E, Poorghasemi M. The effect of different processing methods of linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37098253 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oilseeds such as linseed, canola and sunflower contain unsaturated fatty acids that play important functions in the body. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different levels of processing linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs. METHODS Fifty-six Moghani male lambs (3 months of age, initial average body weight = 28 ± 1.2 kg) were allocated to seven experimental diets in randomized design (eight lambs per each treatment). The experimental diets were as follows: (1) control diet (without linseed), (2) 5% raw linseed, (3) 10% raw linseed, (4) 5% micronized linseed, (5) 10% micronized linseed, (6) 5% extruded linseed and (7) 10% extruded linseed. Lambs were fed ad libitum a basal diet as total mixed ration consisting of 25% concentrate and 75% hay. RESULTS The results showed that linseed level and processing method had no significant effect on dry matter intake. Average daily gain, final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in lambs were affected by experimental diets. The use of 10% micronized linseed and 10% of extruded linseed in the lambs' diet improved dry matter and crude protein digestibility significantly (p < 0.001). Blood glucose concentration observed for lambs fed 10% of micronized or extruded linseed (LS) was not different from that observed in other groups, only from the values shown by lambs fed diets 1 (control) and 2 (5% raw LS). The lowest cholesterol and the highest blood urea nitrogen concentrations were related to lambs fed the control diet (p < 0.001). Feeding processed linseed relative to control diet had no effect on feeding behaviour in lambs. CONCLUSION Results of this research showed that the use of extruded and micronized linseed at the level of 10% can improve FCR, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hossein Abadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elham Amirteymouri
- Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Poorghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Physicochemical Changes of Heat-Treated Corn Grain Used in Ruminant Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172234. [PMID: 36077954 PMCID: PMC9454732 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grain is processed using different combinations of heat, moisture, time, and mechanical action in order to improve its digestibility. The objective of the present research was to quantitatively represent the physicochemical properties of raw and processed starch using an in vitro methodology, as well as to describe the changes that occurred after heat treatment, such as pelleting, steam flaking, micronization, and extrusion of corn. Based on the obtained results, pelleting, steam flaking, and micronization can be considered as mild heat treatment methods, whereas extrusion proved to be a severe heat treatment method. Analysis of functional and pasting properties implied a possible interaction between the degraded components in the steam-flaked sample, as well as in the micronized sample, through to a lesser extent. Additionally, the occurrence of dextrins was noted after extrusion. The obtained results indicate the existence of significant differences in the physicochemical properties of corn starch depending on the heat treatment applied, which could possibly affect rumen starch degradation traits.
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Starch Properties, Nutrients Profiles, In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Molecular Structure of Corn Processed in Different Ways. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Processing will improve the digestion of corn by ruminant animals. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of processing methods (grinding, G; steam flaking, SF; extrusion, E) on the starch properties, nutrient profiles, in vitro ruminal fermentation and molecular structure of corn. Compared with G, SF and E increased (p < 0.05) the starch content, starch gelatinization, ruminal gas production (GP, 0.5–32 h), propionic acid, starch degradability (SD), the area and height of carbohydrate peaks, and decreased (p < 0.05) starch crystallinity, content of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, ruminal NH3-N, the area and height of amide I and II, α-helix, and β-sheet. The total VFA (24 h, 48 h) tended to be increased by SF and E (p < 0.10). The carbohydrate peak area and height were positively (p < 0.05) correlated with GP (1–24 h) and SD. The protein molecular absorption intensity was negatively correlated with SD (p < 0.05). The change in starch properties, GP (1–24 h) and molecular structure caused by E was greater than SF (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the higher starch gelatinization and lower starch crystallinity of E corn, induced by the high temperature and pressure, enabled more fermentation and digestion in the artificial rumen. The carbohydrate and protein molecular structures were correlated with the nutritional characteristics of corn.
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De La Guardia-Hidrogo VM, Paz HA. Influence of industry standard feeding frequencies on behavioral patterns and rumen and fecal bacterial communities in Holstein and Jersey cows. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248147. [PMID: 33667259 PMCID: PMC7935240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency on behavioral patterns and on diurnal fermentation and bacteriome profiles of the rumen and feces in Holstein and Jersey cows. Ten Holstein and 10 Jersey cows were offered a TMR (53:47 forage-to-concentrate ratio dry matter basis) for ad libitum consumption and were randomly allocated within breed to one of the following feeding frequencies: (1) TMR delivered 1×/d (at 0600 h) or (2) TMR delivered 2×/d (at 0600 and 1800 h). The experiment lasted for 28 d with the first 14 d for cow adaptation to the Calan gates and the next 14 d for data collection. On d 23 and 24, an observer manually recorded the time budget (time spent lying, eating, drinking, standing, and milking), rumination activity, and number of visits to the feeding gate from each animal. On d 28, 5 concomitant collections of rumen and fecal samples were performed at intervals of 6 h via esophageal tubing and fecal grab, respectively. The bacteriome composition from these samples was determined through sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Feeding frequency did not affect behavioral patterns; however, Holstein cows spend more time lying (15.4 vs. 13.5 ± 0.8 h) and ruminating (401 vs. 331 ± 17.5 min) than Jersey cows. Fermentation profiles were similar by feeding frequency in both breeds. While no major diurnal fluctuations were observed in the fecal bacterial community from both breeds, diurnal fluctuations were identified in the rumen bacterial community from Holstein cows which appeared to follow pH responses. Overall, the bacterial community composition was not differentiated by industry standard feeding frequencies but was differentiated by breed and sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry A. Paz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
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da Silva Dias MS, Ghizzi LG, Marques JA, Nunes AT, Grigoletto NTS, Gheller LS, Silva TBP, Silva GG, Lobato DN, Costa E Silva LF, Rennó FP. Effects of organic acids in total mixed ration and feeding frequency on productive performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5405-5416. [PMID: 33612209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of organic acid (OA; Mold-Zap, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY) inclusion in the total mixed ration (TMR) and feeding frequency of TMR for lactating dairy cows on intake, total-tract apparent digestibility, sorting index, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition, nitrogen balance, and serum metabolites. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows, 4 with rumen cannulas, with (mean ± standard error) 247 ± 22.2 d in milk, 672 ± 14.6 kg of body weight, and 31.1 ± 1.09 kg of milk yield at the beginning of the experiment were used. The cows were distributed in a balanced and contemporary 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design and randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate OA [0 (OA-) or 0.5 (OA+) L of Mold-Zap/tonne of TMR on a natural matter basis] and feeding frequency of TMR offered once a day (1×) or twice a day (2×). Each experimental period lasted 21 d, with 14 d for acclimation and 7 d for data collection. The treatments were tested for TMR, in which its temperature was recorded every 2 h through a 24-h period in each experimental period. Organic acid-treated TMR showed a lower temperature during the 24-h period compared with nontreated TMR. The OA and feeding frequency had no effect on intake and total-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, aside from a tendency to increase neutral detergent fiber digestibility in cows fed 2×. Also, cows fed 1× tended to select more particles between 19 and 8 mm and refused particles smaller than 4 mm, whereas cows fed OA tended to select more particles smaller than 4 mm. Cows fed OA had greater milk yield and milk protein and lactose yields, but tended to have higher 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. Neither treatment influenced ruminal and serum variables nor milk fat yield and milk production efficiency. Cows fed OA spent less time idling and tended to have lower rumination time, and tended to have higher time spent drinking water and eating, whereas animals fed 1× spent more time drinking water. Under the conditions of this experiment, we conclude that it was possible to reduce the feeding frequency of TMR, without negative effects on dairy cow performance. However, the use of OA resulted in higher milk yield and mitigated TMR temperature rise regardless of feeding frequency. The effect of external factors such as collective stimulation of intake and stage of lactation on feeding frequency effect must be surveyed in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro S da Silva Dias
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Lucas G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Júlia A Marques
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Nathália T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Larissa S Gheller
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Tássia B P Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Guilherme G Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Daniel N Lobato
- Alltech do Brasil Agroindustrial LTDA, Maringá, Brazil 87030-405
| | | | - Francisco P Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900.
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Akbari-Pabandi K, Mansouryar M, Sirjani MA, Cieslak A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Vazirigohar M. Effects of feeding frequency and oil supplementation on feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk performance in late-lactation cows fed a high-forage diet. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11424-11438. [PMID: 33222855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many dairy producers are keen to feed low-producing late-lactation cows only once per day (1×) to reduce production costs. This study examined effects of feeding frequency (FF: thrice versus once daily) on behavioral patterns, ruminal fermentation, and milk production performance of cows and supplementation of yellow grease oil (YO) rich in 18:2n-6 as a potential strategy to alleviate the possible negative effects of 1× daily feeding. Twenty-four late-lactation Holstein cows (215 ± 53.8 DIM) housed in tiestalls were assigned to 4 treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 FF [3 times daily (3×) at 0800, 1400, and 2000 h; or 1× at 0800 h] and 2 high-forage total mixed rations (TMR), without (CON) or with 25 g/kg of dry matter of YO (YGO), in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied for 21 d. Feeding behavior was recorded every 5 min over a 24-h period on d 19. Fresh TMR and orts were sampled (d 15 to 21) and separated using a 3-screen (19, 8, and 1.18 mm) Penn State Particle Separator for sorting activity. Ruminal fluid samples were collected using oral stomach tubing on d 21. Cows on 1×-CON spent more time eating during the first 6 h after feeding at 0800 h than did cows on 3×-CON or 1×-YGO. Decreasing FF increased meal length and tended to increase meal size for CON cows, but supplementing YO increased meal bouts and reduced meal length and size for cows fed 1×. Cows on 1×-CON had the greatest ruminating time between 2000 and 0800 h compared with other treatments. Total and daytime distribution of lying time did not vary by treatments. Sorting activity was higher for cows fed frequently, and the extent of sorting was increased by oil supplementation. In the morning ruminal fluid samples, pH was not different among treatments, but in the evening samples 1× daily feeding reduced ruminal pH compared with 3×. In the morning and evening samples, ratios of acetate to propionate were the lowest for 1×-CON cows compared with other treatments. Dry matter intake and milk yield were similar among the groups. Milk fat content and yield decreased with 1×-CON treatment, but supplementing YO numerically increased milk fat for cows fed 1×. These results suggest that decreasing FF from 3× to 1× daily increases meal length, particularly after feed delivery, in cows fed high-forage diets; but supplementation of plant oil changes feeding patterns and may improve ruminal pH and milk fat in cows fed once a day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morteza Mansouryar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, India 700037
| | - Mina Vazirigohar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
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Benchaar C, Hassanat F. Frequency of diet delivery to dairy cows: Effect on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, methane production, nitrogen utilization, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7094-7109. [PMID: 32534916 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of frequency of diet delivery to dairy cows on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, milk production, nitrogen utilization, enteric methane emission, and manure methane production potential. Twelve lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (35-d period) and offered a TMR ad libitum [56:44 ratio of forage to concentrate, dry matter (DM) basis] once (0930 h), twice (0930 and 2130 h), or 4 times daily (0930, 1300, 1630, and 2130 h). Frequency of diet delivery did not affect intake or apparent total-tract digestibility of DM and nutrients. Likewise, milk production, milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk production efficiency (kg of milk/kg of DM intake or g of milk N/g of N intake) were not changed by frequency of diet delivery. Although diurnal variation of ruminal pH, total VFA, and acetate molar proportion were influenced by frequency of diet delivery, daily average ruminal pH, total VFA, and acetate and propionate molar proportions were not affected by frequency of diet delivery. Daily enteric CH4 emission averaged 534 g/d and was not changed by frequency of diet delivery. Methane energy losses (on gross energy intake basis) were lower when cows received the diet once daily (5.8%) versus twice or 4 times daily (6.1%). Urinary N excretion was higher for cows receiving the diet 4 times daily compared with cows receiving the diet once or twice daily (36 vs. 34% of N intake). Frequency of diet delivery had no influence on manure volatile solids excretion or maximal CH4 production potential. Results from this study show that delivering the diet once daily reduces enteric CH4 energy losses compared with twice or 4 times daily, whereas urinary N losses increased by delivering the diet 4 times daily compared with once or twice daily. However, milk production and maximal manure CH4 emission potential were not affected by frequency of diet delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8.
| | - F Hassanat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
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Tümmler LM, Derno M, Röttgen V, Vernunft A, Tuchscherer A, Wolf P, Kuhla B. Effects of 2 colostrum and subsequent milk replacer feeding intensities on methane production, rumen development, and performance in young calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6054-6069. [PMID: 32418697 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing need exists for the development of practical feeding strategies to mitigate methane (CH4) emissions from cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of milk replacer feeding intensity (MFI) in calves on CH4 emission, rumen development, and performance. Twenty-eight female newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups, offered daily either 10% of the body weight (BW) in colostrum and subsequently 10% of the BW in milk replacer (MR; 10%-MR), or 12% of the BW in colostrum followed by 20% of the BW in MR (20%-MR). In wk 3, half of each feeding group was equipped with a permanent rumen cannula. Both groups were weaned at the end of wk 12. Hay and calf starter (mixture of pelleted grains) were offered from d 1 until wk 14 and 16, respectively. A total mixed ration was offered from wk 11 onward. Feed intake was measured daily and BW, anatomical measures, and rumen size weekly. Methane production and gastrointestinal passage rate were measured pre-weaning in wk 6 and 9 and post-weaning in wk 14 and 22, with additional estimation of organic matter digestibility. Rumen fluid, collected in wk 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 18, and 22, was analyzed for volatile fatty acid concentrations. Although the experimental period ended in wk 23, rumen volume of 17 calves was determined after slaughter in wk 34. Data was analyzed using ANOVA for the effects of feeding group, cannulation, and time, if applicable. Dry matter intake (DMI) of solid feed (SF) in 20%-MR animals was lower pre-weaning in wk 6 to 10 but mostly higher post-weaning. From wk 6 onward, anatomical measures and BW were greater in 20%-MR animals, and only the differences in body condition score gradually ceased post-weaning. Following the amount of SF intake, 10%-MR calves emitted more CH4 pre-weaning in wk 9, whereas post-weaning the 20%-MR group tended to have higher levels. Methane emission intensity (CH4/BW) was lower pre-weaning in 20%-MR animals but was comparable to the 10%-MR group post-weaning. Methane yield (CH4/DMI of SF) and estimated post-weaning organic matter digestibility were not affected by MFI. Rumen size normalized to heart girth was greater in 10%-MR calves from wk 5 to 10, but differences did not persist thereafter. In wk 34, rumen volume was higher in 20%-MR calves, but normalization to BW revealed no difference between feeding groups. In conclusion, high MFI reduces CH4 emission from calves pre-weaning, although this effect ceases post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Tümmler
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Derno
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Volker Röttgen
- Institute of Reproductive Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Vernunft
- Institute of Reproductive Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Schneider L, Volkmann N, Kemper N, Spindler B. Feeding Behavior of Fattening Bulls Fed Six Times per Day Using an Automatic Feeding System. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:43. [PMID: 32118066 PMCID: PMC7012782 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of automatic feeding systems (AFS) in cattle offers multiple advantages, mostly due to the possibility of an increased feeding frequency. While it is gaining more and more importance in dairy farming, there is still a lack of experience and scientific knowledge regarding its use in fattening cattle. The aim of this study was to describe the behavior of 56 Simmental bulls fed with an AFS six times daily a total mixed ration. The animals arrived at the farm with an average age of 148 ± 11 days. They were housed in four straw-bedded pens in groups of 14 animals each. Their average slaughter age was 558 ± 20 days. Behavioral observations were made during three observation periods (OP) at an average of 11, 14, and 16 months of age. Using scan sampling, feeding, and lying behavior of all animals and the order of bulls feeding after feed delivery were recorded. Furthermore, body condition and health status were monitored and complemented with the carcass weights. Body condition, health status, and carcass weights of the bulls were found to be satisfactory: Mean body condition score increased from 2.8 ± 0.3 in OP1 to 3.0 ± 0.1 in OP3 and mean carcass weight was 432.71 ± 40.82 kg. No severe health problems occurred. The feeding activity of the bulls was spread out over the course of the day with peaks in the afternoon and evening. Percentages of bulls feeding per pen never exceeded 20%, animals feeding mostly alone (during 28.04 ± 2.15% of total observation time) or in groups of two to three (16.61 ± 2.00% and 6.74 ± 1.90%). The order of bulls feeding after feed delivery varied indicating that all animals had similar access to fresh feed. These results emphasize the importance of constant feed availability and quality at any time of the day, thus indicating the ability of an AFS with six daily feedings to ensure such a consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schneider
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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Sheep Rumen Fermentation Characteristics Affected by Feeding Frequency and Feeding Level When Fed Fresh Forage. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010007. [PMID: 31861516 PMCID: PMC7022609 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding frequency and feeding level are two important factors affecting rumen fermentation characteristics, but few studies on these have been conducted on fresh forage. Eight rumen-fistulated sheep were fed either fresh chicory or perennial ryegrass hourly in the first period (d 14 to 21) of the experiment and twice-daily in the second period (d 22 to 27) at 1.3 or 2.2 times the requirement of metabolizable energy for maintenance. When fed hourly, but not twice-daily, rumen fluid pH value was affected by forage species and feeding level. The total concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were similar at both feeding levels when fed chicory hourly, but they were greater at the higher feeding level in comparison with the lower feeding level when fed perennial ryegrass. However, forage species and feeding level did not affect rumen fluid total SCFA concentration when sheep were fed twice-daily. Therefore, rumen fermentation characteristics were affected by forage species, feeding frequency, feeding level and their interactions and the differences in fermentation characteristics were more apparent when feeding was performed hourly rather than twice-daily. This study highlighted the importance of feeding frequency on manipulating sheep ruminal metabolism when fed fresh forage.
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Ataei Nazari S, Ganjkhanlou M, Z A, Zakariapour Bahnamiri H. Effects of Omega-3 fatty acid supplement and feeding frequency on insulin sensitivity and carcass characteristics in Mahabadi goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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DeVries TJ. Feeding Behavior, Feed Space, and Bunk Design and Management for Adult Dairy Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:61-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Ávila NRBD, Silva NCDE, Leite RF, Barbosa LDÁ, Florentino LA, Rezende AVD. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA SILAGEM DE GRÃO DE MILHO REIDRATADO ASSOCIADO AO RESÍDUO DE TILÁPIA. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v20e-50220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar as características bromatológicas, microbiológicas e perdas fermentativas da silagem de grão de milho reidratado com água ou soro de leite associado a diferentes níveis de inclusão do resíduo de tilápia. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x2 (cinco níveis de inclusão do resíduo de tilápia: 0; 12,5; 25; 37,5 e 50% em substituição ao milho reidratado e duas fontes de reidratação do grão de milho: água ou soro de leite) para produção de silagem). A produção de gases da silagem com até 25% de inclusão do resíduo de tilápia foi 62,7% maior para o milho reidrato com soro de leite (P <0,01). A quantidade de bactérias ácido láticas foi menor em todos os níveis de inclusão de resíduo de tilápia quando a fonte de reidratação foi a água (P<0,01). Os teores de matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cálcio e fósforo foram maiores nas silagens reidratadas com soro de leite com o aumento do nível de inclusão de resíduo de tilápia (P<0,01). A silagem de resíduo de tilápia com milho reidratado é uma alternativa que pode ser utilizada na dieta de aves e suínos, entretanto, o seu uso está condicionado às avaliações do melhor nível de inclusão dentro de uma categoria animal.
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Judy J, Bachman G, Brown-Brandl T, Fernando S, Hales K, Miller P, Stowell R, Kononoff P. Energy balance and diurnal variation in methane production as affected by feeding frequency in Jersey cows in late lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10899-10910. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fischer A, Delagarde R, Faverdin P. Identification of biological traits associated with differences in residual energy intake among lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4193-4211. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Crossley R, Harlander-Matauschek A, DeVries T. Mitigation of variability between competitively fed dairy cows through increased feed delivery frequency. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:518-529. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Macmillan K, Gao X, Oba M. Increased feeding frequency increased milk fat yield and may reduce the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in higher-risk cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1045-1054. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Arcari M, Martins C, Tomazi T, Gonçalves J, Santos M. Effect of substituting dry corn with rehydrated ensiled corn on dairy cow milk yield and nutrient digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Rezapour M, Chashnidel Y, Dirandeh E, Shohreh B, Ghaffari A. The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65549/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Effect of abomasally infused casein on post-ruminal digestibility of total non-structural carbohydrates and milk yield and composition in dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of abomasal infusion of casein on post-ruminal digestibility of starch and on milk yield and composition. Six multiparous Israeli Holstein cows in mid lactation, fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas, were used in a 3 ✕ 3 Latin-square experiment. Each cow received 1600 g maize starch infused into the abomasum. Treatments were: abomasal infusion of sodium caseinate at 0, 350, or 700 g casein daily. Chromium mordant neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) was used as a digesta marker. Casein infusion was associated with increases in post-ruminal and total-tract digestibility of non-structural carbohydrates and protein. Concentrations of rumen ammonia and of plasma insulin, glucose and urea were higher in casein-infused cows. Concentrations of milk protein and lactose and milk protein yield increased with casein infusion. Results indicate that increased protein flow to the abomasum can improve the yield of milk constituents in dairy cows. Digestibility and yield responses to infusion of 350 g casein per day were similar to those at 700 g/day. There was a tendency toward reduced milk protein efficiency in casein-infused cows. It is suggested that part of the production response can be related to a direct effect of protein supply and the rest can be explained by the indirect effect of improved carbohydrate availability in the small intestine.
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Corato A, Segato S, Andrighetto I. Effects of extruded corn on milk yield and composition and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.3s.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Bava L, Tamburini A, Penati C, Riva E, Mattachini G, Provolo G, Sandrucci A. Effects of feeding frequency and environmental conditions on dry matter intake, milk yield and behaviour of dairy cows milked in conventional or automatic milking systems. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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King M, Crossley R, DeVries T. Impact of timing of feed delivery on the behavior and productivity of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1471-1482. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Nielsen BL, de Jong IC, De Vries TJ. The Use of Feeding Behaviour in the Assessment of Animal Welfare. Anim Welf 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27356-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Astuti A, Obitsu T, Sugino T, Taniguchi K, Okita M, Kurokawa Y. Milk production, plasma metabolite profiles and mammary arterial-venous differences of milk precursors in early lactation cows milked at different frequencies by an automatic milking system. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:499-507. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriyani Astuti
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kohzo Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miki Okita
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuzo Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
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29
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Nikkhah A. Review: Ruminant feed intake regulation evolution: chronophysiological rhythms perspectives. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.874215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Hart K, McBride B, Duffield T, DeVries T. Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the behavior and productivity of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1713-24. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Hart K, McBride B, Duffield T, DeVries T. Effect of milking frequency on the behavior and productivity of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6973-6985. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Metzler-Zebeli BU, Hollmann M, Sabitzer S, Podstatzky-Lichtenstein L, Klein D, Zebeli Q. Epithelial response to high-grain diets involves alteration in nutrient transporters and Na+/K+-ATPase mRNA expression in rumen and colon of goats1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4256-66. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. U. Metzler-Zebeli
- Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Animal Gut Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Hollmann
- Research Cluster Animal Gut Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Sabitzer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - D. Klein
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q. Zebeli
- Research Cluster Animal Gut Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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Schils RLM, Ellis JL, de klein CAM, Lesschen JP, Petersen SO, Sommer SG. Mitigation of greenhouse gases from agriculture: Role of models. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.788205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Abouheif MA, Al-Saiady MY, Al-Mufarre SI, Makkawi A, Ibrahim HA, Aljumaah RS. Effect of Physical Form of Diet and Frequency of Feeding on Digesta Retention Time and Digestion in Najdi Lambs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.1774.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Yang W, Shen Z, Martens H. An energy-rich diet enhances expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 and 3 messenger RNA in rumen epithelium of goat1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:307-17. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Z. Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - H. Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
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Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production. Animal 2010; 4:1425-44. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111000039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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De Campeneere S, De Boever JL, Vanacker JM, Messens W, De Brabander DL. Feeding measures to reduce nitrogen excretion in dairy cattle. Arch Anim Nutr 2009; 63:87-103. [DOI: 10.1080/17450390902723919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Tagari H, Webb K, Theurer B, Huber T, DeYoung D, Cuneo P, Santos J, Simas J, Sadik M, Alio A, Lozano O, Delgado-Elorduy A, Nussio L, Bittar C, Santos F. Mammary Uptake, Portal-Drained Visceral Flux, and Hepatic Metabolism of Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids in Cows Fed Steam-Flaked or Dry-Rolled Sorghum Grain Diets. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:679-97. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zali A, Ganjkhanlou M. Effect of feeding frequency on non-carcass components and wholesale cuts of Iranian fat-tailed lambs. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:4539-42. [PMID: 19093528 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4539.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency on non-carcass components and wholesale cuts in fat-tailed ram lambs of the Varaminni breed (n = 30, BW = 30.6 +/- 3.47 kg). Animals were assigned to three experimental groups according to their initial live body weights in a completely randomized design. The lambs in three groups fed with a TMR ration based on live body weight. First group (control) fed one daily, second group (treatment) fed twice times daily and third treatment fed four times per day. Live body weights recorded at 21 days intervals. Moreover, four lambs from each group were slaughtered and carcass characteristics were measured. Final BW, total BW gain and ADG did not differ (p > 0.05). Tail fat content were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control than those in experimental group. The other carcass characteristics were not significantly different in control with experimental groups. It was concluded that increase of feeding frequency in varaminni ram lambs (fat tailed lambs) resulted in decreased fat reservoirs thus may be beneficial for improving meet production and decrease in fat content of tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 3158711167-4111, Karaj, Iran
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Rezamand P, Andrew SM, Hoagland TA. The feeding value of extruded corn grain in a corn silage-based ration for high-producing Holstein cows and heifers during mid lactation. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3475-81. [PMID: 17582131 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the feeding value of extruded corn in a corn silage-based ration for high-producing Holstein cows during mid lactation. Sixteen multiparous and 8 primiparous Holstein cows (106 +/- 49.7 d in milk; 43.7 +/- 5.27 kg of milk/d) were paired based on parity, days in milk, milk production, and body condition score and assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a randomized block design for 10 wk including a 2-wk adaptation period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration and milked 3 times per day. Diets contained 44% forage (3:1; corn silage:grass silage), 44.7% grain, and either extruded corn (EXC) or finely ground corn (FGC) at 11.3% of ration dry matter. No significant differences were detected in dry matter intake, milk protein yields, fat-corrected milk yields, or body condition score between cows fed FGC and cows fed EXC. Multiparous cows fed EXC produced more milk during wk 3 through 8 with a reduced milk fat content compared with multiparous cows fed FGC. Milk protein content was greater for primiparous cows fed EXC during wk 5 through 8 compared with primiparous cows fed the FGC ration. The major effect of feeding 2.7 kg/d of EXC compared with FGC was an increase in milk production and a reduction in milk fat content for multiparous cows, and an increase in milk protein content for primiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rezamand
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4040, USA
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Mäntysaari P, Khalili H, Sariola J. Effect of Feeding Frequency of a Total Mixed Ration on the Performance of High-Yielding Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:4312-20. [PMID: 17033019 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Forty Finnish Ayrshire cows, 16 primiparous and 24 multiparous, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (FF1 or FF5). Total mixed ration (TMR) was fed once a day on the FF1 treatment and 5 times a day on the FF5 treatment. The experiment began at calving and continued to wk 28 of lactation. The TMR consisted of a grass silage and concentrate mix. The amount of concentrate in the TMR was 51% on a DM basis. The feeding frequency had no effect on milk or energy-corrected milk yields or on milk composition. The average energy-corrected milk yield was 32.8 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 32.5 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The less frequent feeding increased the dry matter intake (DMI) of cows. The average DMI during the experiment was 20.9 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 19.9 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The difference in DMI was due to the differences in DMI of the mature cows. Energy and protein conversion tended to be lower with feeding once a day compared with feeding 5 times a day. The cows' feeding behavior was also observed. Cows fed 5 times a day tended to eat quite evenly after each delivery, whereas on the FF1 treatment there were 2 clear feeding peaks in the evening after the feed delivery. The time spent eating during the observation period was longer on FF5 than on FF1. The cows fed once a day spent more time lying than the cows fed 5 times a day. Based on the observations of feeding behavior, feeding a TMR 5 times a day seemed to be too frequent based on the increased restlessness and decreased lying time of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mäntysaari
- MTT, Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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Bartocci S, Terramoccia S. Effect of NDF/undegradable crude protein ratio on in vivo digestibility, particle passage rate in riverine buffaloes compared with sheep. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manninen M, Sormunen-Cristian R, Jauhiainen L, Sankari S, Soveri T. Effects of feeding frequency on the performance and welfare of mature Hereford cows and their progeny. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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DeVries TJ, von Keyserlingk MAG, Beauchemin KA. Frequency of feed delivery affects the behavior of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 88:3553-62. [PMID: 16162529 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine how frequency of feed delivery affects 1) the behavior of group-housed and group-fed dairy cows and 2) the extent of feed sorting. These objectives were tested in two experiments. In each experiment, 48 lactating Holstein cows, split into groups of 12, were subjected to each of 2 treatments (over 10-d periods) in a cross-over design. The treatments for the first experiment were 1) delivery of feed once per day (1x) and 2) delivery of feed twice per day (2x). Treatments for the second experiment were 1) delivery of feed 2x and 2) delivery of feed four times per day (4x). For the 1x, 2x, and 4x treatments, feed was pushed up 3, 2, and 0 times per day, respectively. For both experiments, cows had 0.6 m of feeding space; one cows was allowed per lying stall. Time-lapse video was used to quantify the feeding and lying behavior, as well as the aggressive behavior displayed at the feed bunk by the cows. Changes in NDF content of the TMR throughout the day were used to determine the extent of feed sorting by the cows. In both experiments, increased frequency of feed provision increased, as well as changed, the distribution of daily feeding time. The changes in distribution of feeding time resulted in cows having more equal access to feed throughout the day. Frequency of feed delivery had no effect on the daily lying time of the cows or the daily incidence of aggressive interactions at the feed bunk. However, subordinate cows were not displaced as frequently when fed more often. For all treatments, in both experiments, the NDF content of the TMR present in the feed bunk increased throughout the day, indicating that sorting of the feed had occurred. Further, the amount of sorting of the feed was reduced by increasing the frequency of feed delivery from 1x to 2x. These results indicate that frequent delivery of feed improves access to feed for all cows, particularly during peak feeding periods when fresh feed is provided, and reduces the amount of feed sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J DeVries
- Animal Welfare Program, The University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada.
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Cabrita ARJ, Dewhurst RJ, Abreu JMF, Fonseca AJM. Evaluation of the effects of synchronising the availability of N and energy on rumen function and production responses of dairy cows – a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:2005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The ratio between dietary rumen degradable organic matter and crude protein may affect milk yield and composition in dairy sheep. Small Rumin Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Amaral C, Sugohara A, Resende K, Machado M, Cruz C. Performance and ruminal morphologic characteristics of Saanen kids fed ground, pelleted or extruded total ration. Small Rumin Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fonseca A, Cabrita A, Nogueira C, Melo D, Lopes Z, Abreu J. Lactation responses of dairy cows to whole-crop wheat or ryegrass silages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Montgomery SP, Drouillard JS, Titgemeyer EC, Sindt JJ, Farran TB, Pike JN, Coetzer CM, Trater AM, Higgins JJ. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate in steers1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:3526-36. [PMID: 15537773 DOI: 10.2527/2004.82123526x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers (BW = 534 kg) were used in an incomplete Latin square design experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and total DMI level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate. Treatments consisted of diets formulated to contain (DM basis) steam-flaked corn, 20% coarsely ground alfalfa hay, and either 0 or 40% WCGF offered once daily for ad libitum consumption or limited to 1.6% of BW (DM basis). Two consecutive 24-d periods were used, each consisting of 18 d for adaptation, 4 d for collection, and a 2-d in situ period. Rumens of all steers were evacuated once daily at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h after feeding. Chromic oxide (10 g/[steer*d]) was fed as a digestibility marker, and steers were pulse-dosed with Yb-labeled alfalfa hay to measure ruminal particulate passage rate. Dacron bags containing 5 g of steam-flaked corn, WCGF, or ground (2-mm screen) alfalfa hay were placed into the rumens of all steers and removed after 3, 6, 12, or 48 h. Wet corn gluten feed increased percent apparent total-tract digestion of OM (P < 0.01), NDF (P < 0.01), and starch (P < 0.03), decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal total VFA concentration, increased (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3 concentration, and increased (P < 0.01) ruminal pH. Wet corn gluten feed also increased (P < 0.01) ruminal passage rate of Yb. Limit feeding decreased (P < 0.01) percent apparent total-tract digestion of both OM and NDF, ruminal total VFA concentration (P < 0.01), and ruminal fill (P < 0.01), but increased (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3 concentration. Apparent total-tract digestion of starch was not affected (P = 0.70) by level of DMI. A DMI level x hour interaction (P < 0.01) occurred for ruminal pH. Limit feeding increased ruminal pH before and 12 h after feeding, but decreased ruminal pH 4 h after feeding compared with diets offered ad libitum. A diet x DMI level interaction (P < 0.02) occurred for in situ degradation of alfalfa hay, with dietary addition of WCGF increasing (P < 0.02) the extent of in situ alfalfa hay degradation in steers fed for ad libitum consumption. This study suggests that WCGF increases OM and NDF digestion, and that limit feeding diets once daily might depress OM and NDF digestion, possibly due to decreased stability of the ruminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Montgomery
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600, USA
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