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Kanjilal S, Bhaisora KS, Maurya VP, Halder A, Kumar A, Srivastava AK. Trans-temporal trans-choroidal resection of thalamic and thalamopeduncular tumors: how I do it. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:281. [PMID: 38967812 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for low-grade tumors, albeit total excision is beneficial. As the thalamus is surrounded by vital neurovascular system, lesions here present a surgical challenge. METHOD This article aims to demonstrate the trans-temporal, trans-choroidal fissure approach's effective surgical therapy on patients with thalamic lesions. With this approach, we were able to remove the tumor completely in three patients and almost completely in six more. Here we discuss a few technical details and potential hazards of the procedure with an operative video. CONCLUSION This approach provides excellent access to the deep areas of brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Kanjilal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India.
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Abhishek Halder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Arun Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
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Pan C, Li T, Zhang M, Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhang P, Zuo P, Wang Y, Xiao D, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. A novel radiological classification of midbrain pilocytic astrocytomas and its implication for surgical management: a single-institution experience of 57 cases. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:1527-1539. [PMID: 38134425 PMCID: PMC10810682 DOI: 10.3171/2023.9.jns23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgery for midbrain pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) remains a formidable challenge. To facilitate decision-making and achieve a better outcome in the management of patients with midbrain PA, the authors have proposed a novel radiological classification of midbrain PAs with long-term follow-up. METHODS Fifty-seven midbrain PA patients who underwent surgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2008 to June 2021, were reviewed. Based on tumor location and the topological anatomical change identified on MRI, midbrain PAs were categorized into four types: crural (12/57, 21.1%), tegmental (25/57, 43.9%), aqueductal (5/57, 8.8%), and tectal (15/57, 26.3%) PAs. The relevant clinical, radiological, and pathological data; surgical procedures and results; and long-term outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates reached 98%, 96%, and 96%, respectively, with gross-total resection achieved in 66.7% of cases, followed by near-total resection in 17.5% cases. The clinical and radiological features, selection of surgical approaches, and long-term postoperative deficits were distinct among each type. Crural PAs were associated with younger age (median 9 years, IQR 5.0-12.8 years); the largest tumor volume (median 31.9 cm3, IQR 17.2-42.6 cm3); the lowest preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (median 65, IQR 50-70); the most frequent preoperative motor deficit (91.7%); a mixed solid-cystic component (75%); occupation of the crural cistern; elevation and rotation of the thalamus (medial and/or lateral); displacement of the anterior third ventricle, uncus, and anterior commissure; the most diverse surgical approaches; more frequent use of multimodality image-guided surgery (58.3%); and the most remarkable improvement in KPS score at long-term follow-up. Tegmental PAs were associated with adolescents and young adults (median age 21 years, IQR 8-33 years); tumor volume (median 13.9 cm3, IQR 9.5-20.5 cm3); a good preoperative KPS score (median 80, IQR 70-80); a mixed solid-cystic component (72%); occupation of the ambient cistern and cerebellomesencephalic fissure; a close relationship with the dorsal pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and posterior inferior third ventricle; and a higher probability of permanent postoperative sensory deficits (40%). Aqueductal and tectal PAs were associated with small tumor volume (median 9.14 cm3, IQR 5.1-17.4 cm3 and median 11.84 cm3, IQR 5.7-18.3 cm3, respectively), a higher percentage of hydrocephalus (80% and 86.7%, respectively), and a straightforward selection of limited surgical approaches. CONCLUSIONS A novel and comprehensive radiological classification of midbrain PAs was established, which will serve as a valuable tool in patient management and promote uniform communication and comparison across different studies and publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Yujin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Pengcheng Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Dan Xiao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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Hoz SS, Ismail M, Palmisciano P, Al-Khazaali YM, Saleh SA, Muthana A, Forbes JA, Prestigiacomo CJ, Zuccarello M, Andaluz N. Cortical incisions and transcortical approaches for intra-axial and intraventricular lesions: A scoping review. Surg Neurol Int 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38628541 PMCID: PMC11021096 DOI: 10.25259/sni_58_2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transcortical approaches, encompassing various surgical corridors, have been employed to treat an array of intraparenchymal or intraventricular brain pathologies, including tumors, vascular malformations, infections, intracerebral hematomas, and epileptic surgery. Designing cortical incisions relies on the lesion location and characteristics, knowledge of eloquent functional anatomy, and advanced imaging such as tractography. Despite their widespread use in neurosurgery, there is a noticeable lack of systematic studies examining their common lobe access points, associated complications, and prevalent pathologies. This scoping review assesses current evidence to guide the selection of transcortical approaches for treating a variety of intracranial pathologies. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were included if ≥5 patients operated on using transcortical approaches, with reported data on clinical features, treatments, and outcomes. Data analysis and synthesis were performed. Results A total of 50 articles encompassing 2604 patients were included in the study. The most common primary pathology was brain tumors (60.6%), particularly gliomas (87.4%). The transcortical-transtemporal approach was the most frequently identified cortical approach (70.48%), and the temporal lobe was the most accessed brain lobe (55.68%). The postoperative course outcomes were reported as good (55.52%), poor (28.38%), and death (14.62%). Conclusion Transcortical approaches are crucial techniques for managing a wide range of intracranial lesions, with the transcortical-transtemporal approach being the most common. According to the current literature, the selective choice of cortical incision and surgical corridor based on the lesion's pathology and anatomic-functional location correlates with acceptable functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S. Hoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mustafa Ismail
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - Saleh A. Saleh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Muthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jonathan A. Forbes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - Mario Zuccarello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Norberto Andaluz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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D’Amico A, Furlanis GM, Baro V, Sartori L, Landi A, d’Avella D, Sala F, Denaro L. Thalamopeduncular Tumors in Pediatric Age: Advanced Preoperative Imaging to Define Safe Surgical Planning: A Multicentric Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5521. [PMID: 37685588 PMCID: PMC10488778 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thalamopeduncular tumors are challenging lesions arising at the junction between the thalamus and the cerebral peduncle. They represent 1-5% of pediatric brain tumors, are mainly pilocytic astrocytoma and occur within the first two decades of life. To date, the optimal treatment remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients who underwent surgery for thalamopeduncular tumors in the Academic Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit of Padova and Verona from 2005 to 2022. We collected information on age, sex, symptoms, preoperative and postoperative neuroradiological studies, histological specimens, surgical approaches, and follow-up. Results: We identified eight patients with a mean age of 9 years. All lesions were pilocytic astrocytoma. The main symptoms were spastic hemiparesis, cranial nerve palsy, headache, and ataxia. The corticospinal tract was studied in all patients using diffusion-tensor imaging brain MRI and in two patients using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The transsylvian approach was the most frequently used. A gross total resection was achieved in two patients, a subtotal resection in five and a partial resection in one. In three patients, a second treatment was performed due to the regrowth of the tumor, performing an additional surgery in two cases and a second-look surgery followed by adjuvant therapy in one. After the surgery, four patients maintained stability in their postoperative neurological exam, two patients improved, and two worsened but in one of them, an improvement during recovery occurred. At the last follow-up available, three patients were disease-free, four had a stable tumor residual, and only one patient died from the progression of the disease. Conclusions: Advanced preoperative tools allow one to define a safe surgical strategy. Due to the indolent behavior of thalamopeduncular tumors, surgery should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D’Amico
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Melinda Furlanis
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Baro
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Sartori
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Landi
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico d’Avella
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sala
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Denaro
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Merenzon M, Levy AS, Bhatia S, Eatz T, Morell AA, Daggubati L, Berry K, Eichberg DG, Chandar J, Shah AH, Luther E, Lu VM, Komotar RJ, Ivan ME. Surgical Approaches to Thalamic Gliomas: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:25-34. [PMID: 36528315 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult thalamic gliomas (ATGs) present a surgical challenge given their depth and proximity to eloquent brain regions. Choosing a surgical approach relies on different clinical variables such as anatomical location and size of the tumor. However, conclusive data regarding how these variables influence the balance between extent of resection and complications are lacking. We aim to systematically review the literature to describe the current surgical outcomes of ATG and to provide tools that may improve the decision-making process. METHODS Literature regarding the surgical management of ATG patients was reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four databases were queried and a description of clinical characteristics and survival analysis were performed. An individual patient data analysis was conducted when feasible. RESULTS A total of 462 patients were included from 13 studies. The mean age was 39.8 years with a median preoperative Karnofsky performance scale of 70. The lateral approaches were most frequently used (74.9%), followed by the interhemispheric (24.2%). Gross total and subtotal/partial resections were achieved in 81%, and 19% of all cases, respectively. New permanent neurological deficits were observed in 51/433 patients (11.8%). individual patient data was pooled from 5 studies (n = 71). In the multivariate analysis, tumors located within the posterior thalamus had worse median overall survival compared to anterior gliomas (14.5 vs. 27 months, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection of ATGs can increase survival but at the risk of operative morbidity. Knowing which factors impact survival may allow neurosurgeons to propose a more evidence-based treatment to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Merenzon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adam S Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Shovan Bhatia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tiffany Eatz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis A Morell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lekhaj Daggubati
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Berry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jay Chandar
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
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Endoscopic resection of thalamic lesions via supracerebellar infratentorial approach: a case series and technical note. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3817-3827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu S, Wu S, Xie T, Yeh YY, Li C, Liu T, Sun C, Yang L, Li Z, Yu Y, Hu F, Zhu W, Zhang X. Neuronavigation-Guided Transcortical-Transventricular Endoport-Assisted Endoscopic Resection for Thalamic Lesions: Preliminary Experience. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:19-27. [PMID: 35772710 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for thalamic lesions is generally challenging because they are deep-seated lesions surrounded by vital neurovascular structures. Whether neuronavigation-guided transcortical-transventricular endoport-assisted endoscopic resection for thalamic lesions is feasible remains to be further evaluated. METHODS A retrospective review of 8 who patients received neuronavigation-guided transcortical-transventricular endoport-assisted endoscopic resection for thalamic lesions was performed. Preoperative and tumor-related variables and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS All lesions were located in the medial part of the thalamus, and most of them expanded forward, downward, or backward. Median size of lesions was 31 mm (range, 16-52 mm). Final pathology results confirmed that 1 case was a cavernous malformation, 3 were pilocytic astrocytomas, and 4 were glioblastomas. None of the patients had postoperative seizures. Gross total resection and long-term postoperative survival were achieved in all patients with benign lesions, while near-total resection (>90%) was achieved in 3 of 4 patients (75%) with glioblastoma, and subtotal resection (<90%) was achieved in 1 patient (25%). Among patients with glioblastoma, 1 patient remained free of recurrence at 16 months of follow-up; the other 3 patients had worse Karnofsky performance scale scores after surgery and died within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Combining the advantages of neuronavigation, endoscopy, and endoport techniques via the middle frontal gyrus approach can safely and effectively remove benign lesions in the medial part of the thalamus. This procedure can also be performed in well-selected cases of glioblastoma and likely confers a survival advantage for this rapidly and universally fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Silin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang Yeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongjing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Digital Medical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
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Survival and functional outcomes in paediatric thalamic and thalamopeduncular low grade gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:1459-1472. [PMID: 35043265 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-05106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood thalamopeduncular gliomas arise at the interface of the thalamus and cerebral peduncle. The optimal treatment is total resection but not at the cost of neurological function. We present long-term clinical and oncological outcomes of maximal safe resection. METHODS Retrospective review of prospectively collected data: demography, symptomatology, imaging, extent of resection, surgical complications, histology, functional and oncological outcome. RESULTS During 16-year period (2005-2020), 21 patients were treated at our institution. These were 13 girls and 8 boys (mean age 7.6 years). Presentation included progressive hemiparesis in 9 patients, raised intracranial pressure in 9 patients and cerebellar symptomatology in 3 patients. The tumour was confined to the thalamus in 6 cases. Extent of resection was judged on postoperative imaging as total (6), near-total (6) and less extensive (9). Surgical complications included progression of baseline neurological status in 6 patients, and 5 of these gradually improved to preoperative status. All tumours were classified as low-grade gliomas. Disease progression was observed in 9 patients (median progression-free survival 7.3 years). At last follow-up (median 6.1 years), all patients were alive, median Lansky score of 90. Seven patients were without evidence of disease, 6 had stable disease, 7 stable following progression and 1 had progressive disease managed expectantly. CONCLUSION Paediatric patients with low-grade thalamopeduncular gliomas have excellent long-term functional and oncological outcomes when gross total resection is not achievable. Surgery should aim at total resection; however, neurological function should not be endangered due to excellent chance for long-term survival.
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Zhang L, Wang C, Zeng X. Risk Factors for Early Hydrocephalus on Post Unilateral Thalamic Tumor Resection. Front Surg 2022; 9:814308. [PMID: 35465419 PMCID: PMC9023863 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe outcome of surgical treatment for thalamic tumors is poor. Hydrocephalus is one of the most frequent postoperative complications after unilateral thalamic tumor resection. This study examined the relationship between surgical approaches, pathological grade, image characteristics, preoperative complications, extent of resection, and incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus.MethodsThe study retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 80 patients who underwent resection of thalamic tumors between 2015 and 2021. Data on patient survival and disease progression status were obtained retrospectively to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).ResultsNo patients died during the perioperative period and two patients suffered postoperative coma. Tumors were totally resected in 44 cases (55 %), subtotally resected in 21 cases (26.25 %), and partially resected in 15 cases (18.75 %). Thirty-five cases of hydrocephalus occurred within 1 month after operation(43.75%). Surgical approaches associated with hydrocephalus were as follows: hydrocephalus occurred in seven cases after trans-frontal lateral ventricle approach for tumor resection (62.9%), in 17 cases after through parieto-occipital transventricular approach tumor resection (43.58%), and in one case after trans-frontal lateral ventricle approach for tumor resection + third ventriculostomy (7.1%). Postoperative muscle strength decrease occurred in 41 patients (51.25%). Longer PFS and OS were correlated with degree of resection in patients with thalamic glioblastoma (P < 0.05) and had no relationship with hydrocephalus.ConclusionSurgical treatment of thalamic tumors is an effective therapeutic method. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus is not associated with tumor size, degree of tumor enhancement, peritumoral edema, tumor invasion, midline crossing, and pathological grade. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus was higher in patients with preoperative hydrocephalus and low resection degree, and lower in patients with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The risk of early postoperative hydrocephalus in thalamic tumors is high. Intraoperative third ventriculostomy could reduce the incidence of early postoperative hydrocephalus. PFS and OS were longer in patients with thalamic glioblastoma with a high resection degree (P < 0.05) and were not associated with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Zeng ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-8368
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Alluhaybi AA, Altuhaini KS, Soualmi L, Alotaibi F, Al Banyan A, Ahmad M. Thalamic Tumors in a Pediatric Population: Surgical Outcomes and Utilization of High-Definition Fiber Tractography and the Fiber Tracking Technique. Cureus 2022; 14:e23611. [PMID: 35386482 PMCID: PMC8967070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the operability of thalamic tumors since they are generally considered to be inoperable and to have poor outcomes. Advancements in neuroimaging, neuronavigational technology, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring allow accurate planning and safe resection. Methods: Clinical data and reports of 10 pediatric patients with thalamic tumors were retrieved retrospectively. All 10 patients underwent surgical intervention. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) was used preoperatively to select the safest surgical route. Intraoperative MRI and postoperative MRI were used to evaluate the extent of resection. Results: There were three gross total resections (GTRs), two subtotal resections (STRs), two partial resections (PRs), and three biopsies. All patients had unilateral thalamic tumors. Different surgical approaches were used according to the relationship with the internal capsule and corticospinal tract and according to the preoperative DTI. Five patients had pilocytic astrocytoma, two had diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, one had ganglioglioma, one had pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma, and one had atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). The outcomes of low-grade tumors were favorable, especially for those who underwent resection, and those of high-grade tumors were poor regardless of the extent of resection. Conclusion: Our review shows that surgical resection of thalamic tumors can be done safely and offers favorable outcomes for patients with low-grade tumors, even without adjuvant therapy. Our study provides further evidence for thalamic tumors operability and safe resection.
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Sunderland G, Foster MT, Pizer B, Hennigan D, Pettorini B, Mallucci C. Evolution of surgical attitudes to paediatric thalamic tumours: the alder hey experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2821-2830. [PMID: 34128121 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attitudes to surgery for paediatric thalamic tumours have evolved due to improved preoperative imaging modalities and the advent of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) as well as enhanced understanding of tumour biology. We review the developments in our local practice over the last three decades with particular attention to the impact of iMRI. METHODS We identified all paediatric patients from a prospectively maintained neuro-oncology database who received surgery for a thalamic tumour (n = 30). All children were treated in a single UK tertiary paediatric neurosurgery centre between January 1991 and June 2020. Twenty patients underwent surgical resection, the remainder (10) undergoing biopsy only. Pre-operative surgical intent (biopsy versus debulking, near-total resection, or complete resection) as well as the use of iMRI were prospectively recorded. Complications recorded in clinical documentation between postoperative days 0 and 30 were retrospectively graded using a modified version of the Clavien Dindo scale. The extent of resection with respect to the pre-determined surgical aim was also recorded. Data on patient survival and disease progression status were obtained retrospectively. RESULTS In our series, there were 42 procedures (25 craniotomies, 17 biopsies) performed on 30 patients (17 male, with a median age of 8 at surgery). Of the 25 surgical resections performed, complete resection was achieved in 9 (36%), near-total resection in 10 (40%), and limited debulking in 6 (24%). The predetermined surgical aim was achieved or exceeded in 91.3% of cases. The proportion of craniotomies for which substantial resection was achieved, increased from 37.5 to 94.2% with use of iMRI (p = 0.014). Surgical morbidity was not associated with greater extent of surgical resection. High-grade histology is identified as the only independent significant factor influencing overall survival as calculated by Cox proportional hazards model (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION We note a significant change in the rate and extent of attempted resection of paediatric thalamic tumours that has developed over the last 3 decades. Use of iMRI is associated with a significant increase in substantial tumour resection surgeries. This is not associated with any significant level of surgical morbidity. Improvements in pre- and intra-operative imaging alongside better understanding of tumour biology facilitate patient selection and a surgically more aggressive approach in selected cases whilst maintaining safety and avoiding operative morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraint Sunderland
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Mitchell T Foster
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Cancer Research UK Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry Pizer
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dawn Hennigan
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benedetta Pettorini
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Conor Mallucci
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Dorfer C, Czech T, Gojo J, Hosmann A, Peyrl A, Azizi AA, Kasprian G, Dieckmann K, Filbin MG, Haberler C, Roessler K, Slavc I. Infiltrative gliomas of the thalamus in children: the role of surgery in the era of H3 K27M mutant midline gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2025-2035. [PMID: 33090244 PMCID: PMC8195935 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of surgery in the management of pediatric non-pilocytic infiltrative thalamic gliomas needs to be revisited specifically with regard to molecularly defined subtypes. Methods A retrospective review of a consecutive series of children operated on a thalamic tumor between 1992 and May 2018 was performed. Neuroimaging data were reviewed for localization and extent of resection; pathology was re-reviewed according to the current WHO classification, including assessment of histone H3 K27 mutational status. Results Forty-nine patients with a thalamic tumor aged < 18 years at diagnosis were identified. Twenty-five patients (51%) had a non-pilocytic infiltrative glioma, of which the H3 K27M status was available in 22. Fourteen patients were diagnosed as diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3 K27M mutant. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients harboring the H3 K27M mutation and wildtype. Resection (“any resection > 50%” vs “biopsy”) and histological tumor grade (“°II” vs “°III+°IV”) were statistically significant predictors of survival (univariate: p = 0.044 and p = 0.013, respectively). These results remained significant on multivariate analysis (HR 0.371/p = 0.048, HR 9.433/p = 0.035). Conclusion We advocate to still consider an attempt at maximal safe resection in the multidisciplinary treatment of unilateral thalamic non-pilocytic gliomas irrespective of their H3 K27-mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Hosmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Dieckmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Haberler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Roessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Slavc
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-CCC CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sihag R, Bajaj J, Yadav YR, Ratre S, Hedaoo K, Kumar A, Sinha M, Parihar V, Swamy MN. Endoscope-controlled Access to Thalamic Tumors using Tubular Brain Retractor: An Alternative Approach to Microscopic Excision. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:122-128. [PMID: 34144629 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for thalamic lesions has been considered challenging due to their deep-seated location. Endoscopic excision of deep-seated brain tumors using tubular retractor has been shown to be safe and effective in prior studies; however, there are limited reports regarding its use for thalamic tumors. We present our experience of endoscope-controlled resection of thalamic tumors using a tubular retractor. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective observational case series done at a tertiary center specialized for endoscopic neurosurgery during the period from 2010 to 2019. Surgeries were performed under the endoscopic control using a silicon tubular retractor. Lesions were approached transcortically or trans-sulcally. Data were collected for the extent of resection, amount of blood loss, operative time, need for conversion to microscopy, and complications. RESULTS Twenty-one patients of thalamic masses of 14- to 60-year age underwent the surgeries. Pathologies ranged from grade I to IV gliomas. Gross total and near-total resection could be done in 42.85% of cases for each group. The average blood loss and operative time were164.04 ± 83.63 mL and 157.14 ± 28.70 minutes, respectively. Complications included a small brain contusion, two transient hemipareses, and one transient speech deficit. CONCLUSION Endoscopic excision of thalamic tumors using a tubular retractor was found to be a safe and effective alternative to microscopic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sihag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jitin Bajaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yad Ram Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Ratre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ketan Hedaoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mallika Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Parihar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M Narayan Swamy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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14
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Wende T, Hoffmann KT, Meixensberger J. Tractography in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 81:442-455. [PMID: 32176926 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1691823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to visualize the brain's fiber connections noninvasively in vivo is relatively young compared with other possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although many studies showed tractography to be of promising value for neurosurgical care, the implications remain inconclusive. An overview of current applications is presented in this systematic review. A search was conducted for (("tractography" or "fiber tracking" or "fibre tracking") and "neurosurgery") that produced 751 results. We identified 260 relevant articles and added 20 more from other sources. Most publications concerned surgical planning for resection of tumors (n = 193) and vascular lesions (n = 15). Preoperative use of transcranial magnetic stimulation was discussed in 22 of these articles. Tractography in skull base surgery presents a special challenge (n = 29). Fewer publications evaluated traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 25) and spontaneous intracranial bleeding (n = 22). Twenty-three articles focused on tractography in pediatric neurosurgery. Most authors found tractography to be a valuable addition in neurosurgical care. The accuracy of the technique has increased over time. There are articles suggesting that tractography improves patient outcome after tumor resection. However, no reliable biomarkers have yet been described. The better rehabilitation potential after TBI and spontaneous intracranial bleeding compared with brain tumors offers an insight into the process of neurorehabilitation. Tractography and diffusion measurements in some studies showed a correlation with patient outcome that might help uncover the neuroanatomical principles of rehabilitation itself. Alternative corticofugal and cortico-cortical networks have been implicated in motor recovery after ischemic stroke, suggesting more complex mechanisms in neurorehabilitation that go beyond current models. Hence tractography may potentially be able to predict clinical deficits and rehabilitation potential, as well as finding possible explanations for neurologic disorders in retrospect. However, large variations of the results indicate a lack of data to establish robust diagnostical concepts at this point. Therefore, in vivo tractography should still be interpreted with caution and by experienced surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Pulvinar Locus is Highly Relevant to Patients' Outcomes in Surgically Resected Thalamic Gliomas in Children. World Neurosurg 2019; 134:e530-e539. [PMID: 31704359 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalamic gliomas in children are less suitable for surgical resection because of their location. In cases of unavoidable resection, careful surgical planning in addition to histology and extent of resection affects prognosis. METHODS A cohort of 10 pediatric patients with thalamic glioma underwent surgical resection at our department. The predominant location of tumor origins in the thalamus was defined in imaging studies. Histopathology was determined (retrospectively in a subset) according to the World Health Organization classification 2016, including the newly established type of "diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant." RESULTS Three low-grade gliomas (grade I/II) and 7 high-grade gliomas (grade III/IV) were identified. The mean follow-up period was 49.8 months. All 3 low-grade gliomas did not recur (progression-free survival, 58.3 months). Six of 7 high-grade gliomas recurred, and the patients died of the primary disease (overall survival, 28.1 months). Poor outcomes, especially when located at the pulvinar region, were noticeable, with strong predictive power for poor prognosis (P = 0.0018). The presence of H3 K27M mutation and pulvinar location were closely associated (P = 0.0036). Four of 5 patients with pulvinar region tumors developed dissemination and died of the primary disease. CONCLUSIONS Pulvinar location is specifically associated with a high rate of malignancy in histology, the presence of H3 K27M mutation, and dissemination at an early disease stage. This association suggests that a distinct biological profile affects prognosis depending on location within the thalamus, especially the pulvinar. We report that tumor location is highly relevant to prognosis and should be taken into consideration when planning treatment.
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16
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Majchrzak K, Bobek-Billewicz B, Hebda A, Adamczyk P, Majchrzak H, Ładziński P. Surgical treatment of adult patients with thalamic tumors with the aid of tractography, fMRI, transcranial electrical stimulation and direct electrical stimulation of the subcortical white matter. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:720-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Park ES, Park JB, Ra YS. Pediatric Glioma at the Optic Pathway and Thalamus. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:352-362. [PMID: 29742884 PMCID: PMC5957311 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common pediatric tumors of the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the clinical features, treatment paradigms, and evolving concepts related to two types of pediatric gliomas affecting two main locations: the optic pathway and thalamus. In particular, we discuss recently revised pathologic classification, which adopting molecular parameter. We believe that our review contribute to the readers' better understanding of pediatric glioma because pediatric glioma differs in many ways from adult glioma according to the newest advances in molecular characterization of this tumor. A better understanding of current and evolving issues in pediatric glioma is needed to ensure effective management decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Ra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Cinalli G, Aguirre DT, Mirone G, Ruggiero C, Cascone D, Quaglietta L, Aliberti F, Santi SD, Buonocore MC, Nastro A, Spennato P. Surgical treatment of thalamic tumors in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 21:247-257. [PMID: 29271729 DOI: 10.3171/2017.7.peds16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the past, the outcome of surgical treatment for thalamic tumor was poor. These lesions were often considered inoperable. However, contemporary microsurgical techniques, together with improvements in neuroimaging that enable accurate presurgical planning, allow resection to be accomplished in a safer way. METHODS The medical records, imaging studies, and operative and pathology reports obtained for pediatric patients who were treated for thalamic tumors at the authors' department were reviewed. Neuronavigation and intraoperative monitoring of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials were used. Preoperative tractography, which helped to identify internal capsule fibers, was very important in selecting the surgical strategy. Postoperatively, an MRI study performed within 24 hours was used to assess the extent of tumor resection as partial (≤ 90%), subtotal (> 90%), or gross total (no residual tumor). RESULTS Since 2002, 27 children with thalamic tumors have been treated at the authors' department. There were 9 patients with unilateral thalamic tumors, 16 with thalamopeduncular tumors, and 2 with a bilateral tumor. These last 2 patients underwent endoscopic biopsy and implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Thirty-nine tumor debulking procedures were performed in the remaining 25 patients. Different surgical approaches were chosen according to tumor location and displacement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (as studied on axial T2-weighted MRI) and corticospinal tract (as studied on diffusion tensor imaging with tractography, after it became available). In 12 cases, multiple procedures were performed; in 7 cases, these were done as part of a planned multistage resection. In the remaining 5 cases, the second procedure was necessary because of late recurrence or regrowth of residual tumor. At the end of the surgical phase, of 25 patients, 15 (60%) achieved a gross-total resection, 4 (16%) achieved a subtotal resection, and 6 (24%) achieved a partial resection. Eighteen patients harbored low-grade tumors in our series. In this group, the mean follow-up was 45 months (range 4-132 months). At the end of follow-up, 1 patient was dead, 12 patients were alive with no evidence of disease, 4 patients were alive with stable disease, and 1 was lost to follow-up. All patients were independent in their daily lives. The outcome of high-grade tumors in 9 patients was very poor: 2 patients died immediately after surgery, 6 died of progressive disease, and 1 was alive with residual disease at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS This institutional review seems to offer further evidence in favor of attempts at radical resection in pediatric patients harboring unilateral thalamic or thalamopeduncular tumors. In low-grade gliomas, radical resection in a single or staged procedure can be curative without complementary treatment. Recurrences or residual regrowth can be safely managed surgically. In high-grade tumors, the role of and opportunity for radical or partial resection remains a matter of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Quaglietta
- 3Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
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19
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Upadhyaya SA, Ghazwani Y, Wu S, Broniscer A, Boop FA, Gajjar A, Qaddoumi I. Mortality in children with low-grade glioma or glioneuronal tumors: A single-institution study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26717. [PMID: 28708330 PMCID: PMC5699960 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pediatric low-grade glioma/glioneuronal tumors (LGG/LGGNTs) are considered slow-growing, indolent tumors with excellent long-term prognosis, mortality due to the disease is not unknown. Few studies have addressed the cause of death in this population. METHODS Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and radiologic data for children 21 years or younger with LGG/LGGNT who died at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between April 1985 and June 2015. Our primary objective was to determine the causes and timing of mortality in affected children. RESULTS For the 87 eligible patients, median age at diagnosis was 7.7 years (range, 0.21-21 years), median age at death was 14.26 years (range, 0.58-32 years), and median time to death from diagnosis was 4.02 years (range, 0.21-24 years). Midbrain/thalamus was the most common tumor location (n = 34), followed by suprasellar/hypothalamic (n = 18) and cerebrocortical (n = 13). Astrocytoma not otherwise specified (n = 24), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 23), and fibrillary astrocytoma (n = 11) were the predominant histologic diagnoses. Causes of death included progressive primary disease (PD) (n = 43), progression of PD with histological features of a high-grade glioma at progression or at autopsy (PD-HGG) (n = 15), second cancer (n = 3), suicide (n = 4), and vehicular accident (n = 3). Among the 15 patients with PD-HGG, 12 received radiation therapy before histologic confirmation of progression. CONCLUSIONS PD and PD-HGG contributed to 66% of the mortality in our patient cohort. Early psychological intervention should be included as part of the multidisciplinary management approach of children with LGG/LGGNT to reduce the risk of suicide in vulnerable subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh A. Upadhyaya
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yahya Ghazwani
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alberto Broniscer
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Fredrick A. Boop
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN,Department of Neurosurgery, LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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20
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Wu B, Tang C, Wang Y, Li Z, Hu S, Hua W, Li W, Huang S, Ma J, Zhang Y. High-grade thalamic gliomas: Microsurgical treatment and prognosis analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 49:56-61. [PMID: 29248381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study is aimed to investigate the efficacy of microsurgical treatment for high-grade thalamic gliomas, and to analyze the relevant prognosis. From May 2011 to Aug 2015, 49 patients with thalamic gliomas underwent microsurgical resection, and received chemotherapy and radiotherapy postoperatively. The postoperative symptoms and complications were documented, and the overall survival (OS) and the progression-free survival (PFS) data were collected. The prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Finally, there was no perioperative death. Twenty cases, 24 cases and 5 cases were achieved subtotal resection (>90%), partial resection (70-90%) and less than partial resection (<70%) respectively. All patients' pathological diagnosis was confirmed. The symptoms were improved in 32 cases, unchanged in 11 cases, and worsen in 6 cases. Postoperative complications were absent in 9 cases. The 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month OS were 71.4%, 38.9%, and 12.1% respectively; corresponding PFS were 66.6%, 27.1%, and 10.2% respectively. The median OS time and PFS time were 9.0 months (95% CI 6.9-11.1) and 9.0 months (95% CI 6.6-11.4) respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed extent of resection were independent prognostic factors for OS (p < .05), patients with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy had a significant prolonged OS (p < .001) and PFS (p < .001). The study shows that the short-term efficacy of microsurgery for high-grade thalamic gliomas is satisfactory. Microsurgery can effectively alleviate patients' symptoms and improve life quality. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are helpful for prolonging the survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 5th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shukun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 5th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 5th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 5th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Lee RP, Foster KA, Lillard JC, Klimo P, Ellison DW, Orr B, Boop FA. Surgical and molecular considerations in the treatment of pediatric thalamopeduncular tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 20:247-255. [PMID: 28686121 PMCID: PMC5839469 DOI: 10.3171/2017.4.peds16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalamopeduncular tumors are a group of pediatric low-grade gliomas that arise at the interface of the thalamus and brainstem peduncle. They typically occur within the first 2 decades of life, presenting with progressive spastic hemiparesis. Treatment strategies, including surgical intervention, have varied significantly. The authors present their experience in the treatment of 13 children, ages 2-15 years, with non-neurofibromatosis-related pilocytic astrocytomas located in the thalamopeduncular region. METHODS Between 2003 and 2016, 13 children presenting with progressive spastic hemiparesis due to a pilocytic astrocytoma at the interface of the thalamus and cerebral peduncles were identified. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for clinical, radiological, pathological, and surgical data. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was obtained for 12 cases and tested for KIAA1549-BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E point mutation. RESULTS On preoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography (performed in 12 patients), the ipsilateral corticospinal tract was displaced laterally in 1 case (8.3%), medially in 1 case (8.3%), anterolaterally in 10 cases (83%), and posteriorly in no cases. Ten patients underwent resection via a transtemporal, transchoroidal approach, which was chosen to avoid further damage to motor function in cases of tumors that caused anterolateral or medial corticospinal tract displacement. With this approach, complications included hemianopia, oculomotor palsy, and tremor at a rate of 50%. Among the 12 patients with obtainable follow-up (mean 50.9 months), none received adjuvant therapy, and only 2 (17%) experienced recurrence or progression. KIAA1549-BRAF fusions were present in 10 cases (83%), while BRAF V600E was absent (0%). The 2 fusion-negative tumors had clinical features atypical for the series, including multi-focality and infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Transcortical, transchoroidal resection of thalamopeduncular tumors through the middle temporal gyrus allows for a high rate of gross-total resection and cure. Diffuse tensor tractography is a critical component of the preoperative planning process to determine the location of white matter tracts in proximity. Molecular status may correlate with clinical features, and the presence of BRAF lesions offers an additional target for future novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly A. Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jock C. Lillard
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee,Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W. Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brent Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frederick A. Boop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee,Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee
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Tractography guides the approach for resection of thalamopeduncular tumors. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:1597-1601. [PMID: 28674731 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamopeduncular tumors arise at the junction of the inferior thalamus and cerebral peduncle, and present with a common clinical syndrome of progressive spastic hemiparesis. METHOD Formal preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed. Postoperative MRI was obtained to evaluate the extent of tumor resection. A prospective analysis of clinical outcomes was then conducted by the senior author. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative tractography is a useful adjunct to surgical planning in tumors that displace motor pathways. Gross total resection of pilocytic astrocytomas usually results in cure, and therefore should be entertained when developing treatment strategies for thalamopeduncular tumors of childhood.
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High-Definition Fiber Tractography in Evaluation and Surgical Planning of Thalamopeduncular Pilocytic Astrocytomas in Pediatric Population: Case Series and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 98:463-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Distant recurrences limit the survival of patients with thalamic high-grade gliomas after successful resection. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:469-477. [PMID: 27987035 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The indications of surgery for thalamic high-grade gliomas are not well established. The present study investigated the outcome of 21 patients treated by surgery and reports the high incidence of distant recurrences including disseminations after successful removal. Twenty-one patients with thalamic high-grade gliomas not invading the pyramidal tract or midbrain underwent cytoreductive surgery at our institute from June 1997 to August 2015. Surgery was performed with the aid of a neuronavigation system, electrophysiological monitoring, and fluorescence navigation. Tumor histology included 12 cases of the World Health Organization grade III and nine cases of grade IV. Gross total resection was achieved in six cases, subtotal in 13, and partial in two. Motor weakness accompanied by sensory disturbance deteriorated immediately after surgery in 13 patients. However, five patients were determined to show deterioration at 2 months after surgery. Postoperative radiation and chemotherapy were given to every patient, and median progression-free survival of patients with grade III and IV tumors was 12.1 and 7.0 months, respectively. Median overall survival of patients with grade III and IV tumors was 25.6 and 12.6 months, respectively. High incidence of distant recurrences was found, with distant lesions at recurrence in 13 of 19 patients with recurrence, suggesting the life-restricting factor in these patients. Thalamic high-grade glioma without invasion into the pyramidal tract and brainstem can be considered as a candidate for surgical resection. Distant lesion limits the survival of patients after successful resection.
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25
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Carrabba G, Bertani G, Cogiamanian F, Ardolino G, Zarino B, Di Cristofori A, Locatelli M, Caroli M, Rampini P. Role of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring in the Resection of Thalamic Astrocytomas. World Neurosurg 2016; 94:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Zheng X, Xu X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Ma X, Chen X, Sun G, Zhang J, Jiang J, Xu B, Zhang J. A Preliminary Experience with Use of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Thalamic Glioma Surgery: A Case Series of 38 Patients. World Neurosurg 2016; 89:434-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Steinbok P, Gopalakrishnan CV, Hengel AR, Vitali AM, Poskitt K, Hawkins C, Drake J, Lamberti-Pasculli M, Ajani O, Hader W, Mehta V, McNeely PD, McDonald PJ, Ranger A, Vassilyadi M, Atkinson J, Ryall S, Eisenstat DD, Hukin J. Pediatric thalamic tumors in the MRI era: a Canadian perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:269-80. [PMID: 26597682 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamic gliomas are rare. The natural history is unpredictable, and the optimal management of these tumors in children is poorly defined. The aim was to identify outcomes, prognostic factors, and response to various modalities of treatment in a relatively large population of pediatric thalamic tumors from many centers within a fairly homogeneous health care system. METHODS We performed a Canadian multicenter retrospective review of pediatric thalamic tumors presenting during the MRI era (1989-2012). Radiology and pathology were reviewed by central independent reviewers. Paraffin shavings for RNA extraction were taken and tested for fusion events involving KIAA1549:BRAF. Tumors were classified as unilateral or bithalamic based on their origin on imaging. Univariate and multivariate analyses on factors influencing survival were performed. RESULTS Seventy-two thalamic tumors were identified from 11 institutions. Females represented 53% of the study population, and the mean age at presentation was 8.9 years. Sixty-two tumors were unilateral and 10 bithalamic. Unilateral tumors had a greater propensity to grow inferiorly towards the brainstem. These tumors were predominantly low grade in comparison to bithalamic tumors which were high-grade astrocytomas. The 5-year overall survival was 61 ± 13% for unithalamic tumors compared to 37 ± 32% for bithalamic tumors (p = 0.097). Multivariate analysis indicated tumor grade as the only significant prognostic factor for unithalamic tumors. Six unilateral tumors, all low grade, were BRAF fusion positive. CONCLUSION Unilateral and bilateral thalamic tumors behave differently. Surgical resection is an appropriate treatment option in unilateral tumors, most of which are low grade, but outcome is not related to extent of resection (EOR). Bilateral thalamic tumors have a poorer prognosis, but the occasional patient does remarkably well. The efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has not been clearly demonstrated. Novel therapeutic approaches are required to improve the prognosis for malignant unilateral thalamic tumors and bilateral thalamic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Steinbok
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak St., Room K3-159, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Chittur Viswanathan Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak St., Room K3-159, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander R Hengel
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak St., Room K3-159, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ken Poskitt
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Drake
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Lamberti-Pasculli
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olufemi Ajani
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Hader
- Division of Neurosurgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vivek Mehta
- Division of Neurosurgery, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Daniel McNeely
- Division of Neurosurgery, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick J McDonald
- Section of Neurosurgery, Winnipeg's Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adrianna Ranger
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Vassilyadi
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Ottawa & Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Atkinson
- Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta & Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Division of Neurology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Cao L, Li C, Zhang Y, Gui S. Surgical resection of unilateral thalamic tumors in adults: approaches and outcomes. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:229. [PMID: 26545867 PMCID: PMC4636900 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The thalamic tumors were less common in adults and this study aimed to determine the clinical features, surgical approaches, and outcomes of adult thalamic tumors, which have not been well-described in the literature. Methods We reviewed the clinical presentation, surgical approach, perioperative mortality and morbidity, and outcomes of 111 operated patients (71 males, 40 females; mean age at presentation, 33.4 ± 13.2 years) with unilateral thalamic tumor. Results The most common clinical presentations were increased intracranial pressure (65 %) and motor deficits (40 %). Five surgical approaches were used depending on tumor location; the most common was the transparieto-occipital approach (47.7 %). According to peri- and post-operative magnetic resonance imaging findings, the tumors were totally resected in 29 cases (26.1 %), subtotally resected in 54 cases (48.6 %), and partially resected in 21 cases (18.9 %). Five patients died during the perioperative period (4.5 %, 5/111). The most common morbidity was motor deficits (21.7 %, 23/106). According to histological findings, there were 50 high-grade and 61 low-grade tumors. Median survival of patients with low- and high-grade tumors were 40 and 12 months, respectively (mean follow-up, 37.3 months). Survival was significantly longer in cases of total or subtotal resection (median, 28 months) compared to partial resection or biopsy (median, 12 months). Survival was poorer in adults than in previous reported pediatrics. Conclusions Surgical treatment of adult thalamic tumors must be individualized according to tumor location. Low-grade tumors and total/subtotal resection seem to be predictors of better surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, the outcome of adult patients were still worse than pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, 6 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, 6 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Contralateral Anterior Interhemispheric Transparaterminal Gyrus Approach for Thalamopeduncular Pilocytic Astrocytoma in an Adult: Technical Report. World Neurosurg 2015; 87:21-5. [PMID: 26409092 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamopeduncular gliomas arise at the junction of the thalamus and cerebral peduncle and constitute a subgroup of thalamic gliomas. These are surgically challenging lesions because of close proximity to important neural structures including corticospinal tracts (CSTs) and the thalamus. These tumors usually displace CSTs anterolaterally or extend to the lateral ventricular surface. Such tumors can be removed by either temporal or transventricular approaches. However, if CSTs cover the entire lateral surface of tumor and tumor does not extend to the ventricular surface, temporal and transventricular approaches cannot be used because the trajectories of both approaches would pass through normal eloquent structures (CSTs and thalamus), and consequently there would be a very high risk of postoperative neurologic deficits developing. CASE DESCRIPTION A 50-year-old woman presented with contralateral hemiparesis. Radiologic evaluation revealed a right Thalamopeduncular glioma that displaced CSTs laterally and was covered by normal thalamus superiorly. Some CST fibers passed through the tumor. Because both lateral and superior surfaces were covered by eloquent structures, we used an anterior interhemispheric transparaterminal gyrus approach to access the tumor successfully and achieved subtotal excision. The patient had transient neurologic deterioration postoperatively that recovered to preoperative level within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The anterior interhemispheric transparaterminal gyrus approach has not been described previously for accessing brainstem lesions. This approach can be used to access tumors of the cerebral peduncle that displace CSTs laterally and are covered by normal thalamus superiorly. The anterior interhemispheric transparaterminal gyrus approach adds to the armamentarium of neurosurgeons for treatment of cerebral peduncular lesions.
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Kis D, Máté A, Kincses ZT, Vörös E, Barzó P. The role of probabilistic tractography in the surgical treatment of thalamic gliomas. Neurosurgery 2015; 10 Suppl 2:262-72; discussion 272. [PMID: 24594925 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamic gliomas represent a great challenge for neurosurgeons because of the high surgical risk of damaging the surrounding anatomy. Preoperative planning may considerably help the surgeon find the most ideal operative trajectory, avoiding thalamic nuclei and important white matter pathways adjacent to the tumor tissue. Thalamic segmentation is a promising imaging tool based on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. It provides the possibility to predict the relationship of the tumor to thalamic nuclei. OBJECTIVE To propose a new tool in thalamic glioma surgery that may help to differentiate between normal thalamus and tumor tissue, making preoperative planning possible and facilitating the choice of the optimal surgical approach and trajectory for neuronavigation-assisted surgery. METHODS Four patients with thalamic gliomas preoperatively underwent conventional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging conducted on 1.5 T. Subsequently, probabilistic tractography and thalamic segmentation were performed with the FSL Software as preoperative planning. We also present a case when thalamic segmentation was applied retrospectively using preoperative images. All patients went through neuronavigation-assisted surgery (1 partial, 4 subtotal resections). RESULTS Surgery performed based on the output of thalamic segmentation caused no deterioration in the neurological symptoms of our patients. Indeed, we noticed improvement in the neurological condition in 3 cases; furthermore, in 2 patients, a concern-free state was achieved. CONCLUSION We suggest that thalamic segmentation may be applied successfully and routinely in the surgical treatment of thalamic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Kis
- *Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; ‡Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; §International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; ‖Diagnoscan Hungary Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; ¶Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Conventional and advanced MRI features of pediatric intracranial tumors: posterior fossa and suprasellar tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:1115-24. [PMID: 23617498 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, we review the most common posterior fossa and suprasellar intracranial neoplasms in the pediatric population. We briefly discuss basic MRI concepts used in the initial evaluation of a pediatric brain tumor and then discuss sophisticated MRI techniques that give insight into the physiology and chemical makeup of these tumors to help the radiologist make a more specific diagnosis. CONCLUSION Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CNS tumors necessitate a multi-disciplinary approach and require expertise and diligence of all parties involved. Imaging is an essential component has evolved greatly over the past decade. We are becoming better at making a preoperative diagnosis of that tumor type, detecting recurrence, and guiding surgical management to avoid injury to vital brain structures.
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Li W, Wait SD, Ogg RJ, Scoggins MA, Zou P, Wheless J, Boop FA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the visual cortex performed in children under sedation to assist in presurgical planning. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11:543-6. [PMID: 23473057 DOI: 10.3171/2013.1.peds12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Advances in brain imaging have allowed for more sophisticated mapping of crucial neural structures. Functional MRI (fMRI) measures local changes in blood oxygenation associated with changes in neural activity and is useful in mapping cortical activation. Applications of this imaging modality have generally been restricted to cooperative patients; however, fMRI has proven successful in localizing the motor cortex for neurosurgical planning in uncooperative children under sedation. The authors demonstrate that the use of fMRI to localize the visual cortex in sedated children can be safely and effectively performed, allowing for more accurate presurgical planning to spare visual structures. METHODS Between 2007 and 2009, 11 children (age range 1-11 years) underwent fMRI for neurosurgical planning while under sedation. Blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI was performed to detect visual cortex activation during stimulation through closed eyelids. Visual stimulation was presented in block design with periods of flashing light alternated with darkness. RESULTS Functional MRI was successful in identifying visual cortex in each of the 11 children tested. There were no complications with propofol sedation or the fMRI. All children suffered from epilepsy, 5 had brain tumors, and 1 had tuberous sclerosis. After fMRI was performed, 6 patients underwent surgery. Frameless stereotactic guidance was synchronized with fMRI data to design an approach to spare visual structures during resection. There were no cases where a false negative led to unexpected visual field deficits or other side effects of surgery. In 2 cases, the fMRI results demonstrated that the tracts were already disrupted: in one case from a prior tumor operation and in another from dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS Functional MRI for evaluation of visual pathways can be safely and reproducibly performed in young or uncooperative children under light sedation. Identification of primary visual cortex aids in presurgical planning to avoid vision loss in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weier Li
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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33
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Klimo P, Pai Panandiker AS, Thompson CJ, Boop FA, Qaddoumi I, Gajjar A, Armstrong GT, Ellison DW, Kun LE, Ogg RJ, Sanford RA. Management and outcome of focal low-grade brainstem tumors in pediatric patients: the St. Jude experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11:274-81. [PMID: 23289916 PMCID: PMC4349190 DOI: 10.3171/2012.11.peds12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Whereas diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas generally have a short symptom duration and more cranial nerve involvement, focal brainstem gliomas are commonly low grade, with fewer cranial neuropathies. Although these phenotypic distinctions are not absolute predictors of outcome, they do demonstrate correlation in most cases. Because there is a limited literature on focal brainstem gliomas in pediatric patients, the objective of this paper was to report the management and outcome of these tumors. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of all children diagnosed with radiographically confirmed low-grade focal brainstem gliomas from 1986 to 2010. Each patient underwent biopsy or resection for tissue diagnosis. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were evaluated. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify demographic and treatment variables that may affect EFS. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (20 girls, 32 boys) with follow-up data were identified. Median follow-up was 10.0 years, and the median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years (range 1-17 years). The tumor locations were midbrain (n = 22, 42%), pons (n = 15, 29%), and medulla (n = 15, 29%). Surgical extirpation was the primary treatment in 25 patients (48%). The 5- and 10-year EFS and overall survival were 59%/98% and 52%/90%, respectively. An event or treatment failure occurred in 24 patients (46%), including 5 deaths. Median time to treatment failure was 3.4 years. Disease progression in the other 19 patients transpired within 25.1 months of diagnosis. Thirteen of these patients received radiation, including 11 within 2 months of primary treatment failure. Although children with intrinsic tumors had slightly better EFS at 5 years compared with those with exophytic tumors (p = 0.054), this difference was not significant at 10 years (p = 0.147). No other variables were predictive of EFS. CONCLUSIONS Surgery suffices in many children with low-grade focal brainstem gliomas. Radiation treatment is often reserved for disease progression but offers comparable disease control following biopsy. In the authors' experience, combining an assessment of clinical course, imaging, and tumor biopsy yields a reasonable model for managing children with focal brainstem tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Klimo
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Clinton J. Thompson
- School of Public Health and Health Services, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Frederick A. Boop
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W. Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Larry E. Kun
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Ogg
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Robert A. Sanford
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Surgical management of thalamic gliomas: case selection, technical considerations, and review of literature. Neurosurg Rev 2013; 36:383-93. [PMID: 23354786 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-013-0452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify (1) the thalamic gliomas suitable for surgical resection and (2) the appropriate surgical approach based on their location and the displacement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). A retrospective study over a 5-year period (from 2006 to 2010) was performed in 41 patients with thalamic gliomas. The mean age of these patients was 20.4 years (range, 2-65 years). Twenty (49 %) tumors were thalamic, 19 (46 %) were thalamopeduncular, and 2 (5 %) were bilateral. The PLIC, based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance axial sections, was displaced anterolaterally in 23 (56 %) cases and laterally in 6 (14 %) cases. It was involved by lesion in eight (20 %) cases and could not be identified in four (10 %) cases. Resection, favored in patients with well-defined, contrast-enhancing lesions, was performed in 34 (83 %) cases, while a biopsy was resorted to in 7 (17 %) cases. A gross total resection or near total resection (>90 %) could be achieved in 26 (63 %) cases. The middle temporal gyrus approach, used when the PLIC was displaced anterolaterally, was the commonly used approach (63.5 %). Common pathologies were pilocytic astrocytoma (58 %) in children and grade III/IV astrocytomas (86 %) in adults. Preoperative motor deficits improved in 64 % of the patients with pilocytic lesions as compared to 0 % in patients with grade III/IV lesions (P value, 0.001). Postoperatively, two patients (5 %) had marginal worsening of motor power, two patients developed visual field defects, and one patient developed a third nerve paresis. Radical resection of thalamic gliomas is a useful treatment modality in a select subset of patients and is the treatment of choice for pilocytic astrocytomas. Tailoring the surgical approach, depending on the relative position of the PLIC, has an important bearing on outcome.
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