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Wang HY, Xie Y, Du H, Luo B, Li Z. High LYRM4-AS1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with glioma and correlates with immune infiltration. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16104. [PMID: 37810780 PMCID: PMC10557942 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many researches proved that non-coding RNAs are important in glioma development. We screened the differentially expressed genes through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified the molecule LYRM4-AS1 associated with prognosis. As a lncRNA, the expression level and role of LYRM4-AS1 in glioma are inconclusive. Therefore, we attempted to assess the clinical significance, expression and related mechanisms of LYRM4-AS1 in glioma by employing cell experiments and an integrative in silico methodology. Methods RNA-seq data were obtained from UCSC XENA and TCGA datasets. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download glioma-related expression profile data. The LYRM4-AS1 expression level was evaluated. Survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze independent variables. Patients were divided into high and low expression group base on the median LYRM4-AS1 expression value in glioma tissues. The DESeq2 R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two different expression LYRM4-AS1 groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted. Next, the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was done to quantify the immune infiltration of immune cells in glioma tissues. Gene expression profiles for glioma tumor tissues were used to quantify the relative enrichment score for each immune cell. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between LYRM4-AS1 and biomarkers of immune cells as well as immune checkpoints in glioma. Finally, assays for cell apoptosis, cell viability and wound healing were conducted to evaluate the function on U87 MG and U251 cells after knocking down LYRM4-AS1. Results We found that LYRM4-AS1 was upregulated and related to the grade and malignancy of glioma. Survival analyses showed that high expression LYRM4-AS1 patients had poor clinical outcomes (P < 0.01). Cox regression analyses demonstrated that LYRM4-AS1 was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) in glioma (HR: 274 1.836; CI [1.278-2.639]; P = 0.001). Enrichment and immune infiltration analysis showed interferon signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction enriched in the LYRM4-AS1 high-expression phenotype, and LYRM4-AS1 showed significantly positively related to immune infiltration as well as immune checkpoints (P < 0.01). The knockdown of LYRM4-AS1 in U87 MG and U251 cells can inhibit migration and proliferation of cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicated that the increased LYRM4-AS1 may be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma and might participate in the immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongzhen Du
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Huang K, Xu H, Han L, Xu R, Xu Z, Xie Y. Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers among frizzled family genes in glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1054614. [PMID: 36699699 PMCID: PMC9868451 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1054614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The biological functions of the Frizzled gene family (FZDs), as the key node of wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways, have not been fully elucidated in glioma. This study aims to identify novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for gliomas, which may help us understand the role of FZDs. Methods: RNA-sequence data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects. Survival analyses, Cox regression analyses, nomograms, calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, gene function enrichment analyses, and immune cell infiltration analyses were conducted using R. Results: High expressions of FZDs were positively associated with the activation of mTOR signaling. FZD1/2/3/4/5/7/8 was significantly highly expressed in tumor tissues, and the high expression of FZD1/2/5/6/7/8 was significantly positively associated with poorer prognosis. FZD2 and FZD6 positively served as independent predictors of poor prognosis. Gene function analysis showed that FZDs were associated with mTOR signaling, immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, extracellular matrix organization, apoptosis, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our finding strongly indicated a crucial role of FZDs in glioma. FZD1/2/5/6/7/8 could be an unfavorable prognostic factor in glioma and FZD2 and FZD6 may be novel independent predictors of poor prognosis in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huimei Xu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Han
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Xu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhaoqing Xu, ; Yi Xie,
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhaoqing Xu, ; Yi Xie,
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Xie Y, Ding W, Xiang Y, Wang X, Yang J. Calponin 3 Acts as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker and Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e721-e731. [PMID: 35792226 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calponin 3 (CNN3) is involved in the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer and osteosarcoma cells. However, the role of CNN3 in glioma tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. METHODS CNN3 mRNA expression in normal brain tissue and gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme and lower-grade glioma, was analyzed using GEPIA 2 and Oncomine. CNN3 levels in glioma tissues were identified using immunohistochemical data provided by the Human Protein Atlas website. The relationship between CNN3 mRNA expression and clinical characteristics of patients with glioma was analyzed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The diagnostic value of CNN3 expression in glioma was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic analysis according to The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. The relationship between CNN3 and prognosis was analyzed using GEPIA 2. The function of CNN3 knockdown in glioma cell lines was analyzed using cell proliferation, Transwell, and Western blot assays. RESULTS Both mRNA and protein levels of CNN3 were distinctly higher in lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma multiforme tissues than those in normal brain tissues, particularly glioblastoma. A higher CNN3 mRNA level had significant relationship with higher World Health Organization grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type status, and 1p/19q noncodeletion. CNN3 mRNA expression is a highly accurate marker for the diagnosis of glioma. Patients with glioma in the high-CNN3 group had significantly lower disease-free survival and survival rates. In addition, CNN3 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation of P65 NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS CNN3 expression is increased in glioma, particularly glioblastoma. Silencing CNN3 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yituan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Huang K, Wang H, Xu J, Xu R, Liu Z, Li Y, Xu Z. The Tropomyosin Family as Novel Biomarkers in Relation to Poor Prognosis in Glioma. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081115. [PMID: 35892971 PMCID: PMC9332389 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to the malignant features of glioma, current interventions result in limited treatment effects and poor prognoses for all patients. The functions of the tropomyosin (TPM) family in tumors and cancers have been explored. However, striking differences have been observed. This study aims to further our understanding of the effects of TPMs in glioma. Our study explored the expression and prognoses of TPM in glioma, as well as the gene functions of TPMs. High expression of TPM3 and TPM4 were positively correlated with poorer prognosis in glioma, and TPM3 could serve as a novel independent prognostic factor of glioma. Abstract (1) Background: The functions of the tropomyosin (TPM) family in tumors and cancers have been explored; however, striking differences have been observed. This study aims to further our understanding of the effects of TPMs in glioma, and find novel biomarkers for glioma. (2) Methods: RNA-seq data were downloaded from TCGA and GTEx. Survival analyses, Cox regression, nomogram, calibration curves, ROC curves, gene function enrichment analyses, and immune cell infiltration analyses were carried out using R. CCK8 assay, while Brdu assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay were used to verify the functions of TPM3 in glioma. (3) Results: TPM1/3/4 were significantly more highly expressed in glioma than that in normal tissues, while higher expression of TPM2/3/4 was correlated with a worse overall survival than lower expression of TPM2/3/4. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses indicated that TPM3/4 could be promoting factors for poorer survival in glioma, but only TPM3 could serve as an independent prognostic factor. Gene function analyses showed that TPMs may be involved in immune responses. Moreover, further experimental investigations verified that TPM3 overexpression enhanced the proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioma. (4) Conclusions: High expression of TPM3/4 was positively correlated with poorer prognosis in glioma, and TPM3 could serve as a novel independent prognostic factor of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruiming Xu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China;
| | - Zelin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.W.); (J.X.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
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Dunn GP, Sherpa N, Manyanga J, Johanns TM. Considerations for personalized neoantigen vaccination in Malignant glioma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114312. [PMID: 35487282 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain cancer diagnosed and still carry a poor prognosis despite aggressive multimodal management. Despite the continued advances in immunotherapy for other cancer types, however, there remain no FDA approved immunotherapies for cancers such as glioblastoma. OF the many approaches being explored, cancer vaccine programs are undergoing a renaissance due to the technological advances and personalized nature of their contemporary design. Neoantigen vaccines are a form of immunotherapy involving the use of DNA, mRNA, and proteins derived from non-synonymous mutations identified in patient tumor tissue samples to stimulate tumor-specific T-cell reactivity leading to enhance tumor targeting. In the last several years, the study of neoantigens as a therapeutic target has increased, with the routine workflow implementation of comprehensive next generation sequencing and in silico peptide binding prediction algorithms. Several neoantigen vaccine platforms are being evaluated in clinical trials for malignancies including melanoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma, among others. In this review, we will review the concept of neoantigen discovery using cancer immunogenomics approaches in glioblastoma and explore the disease-specific issues being addressed in the design of effective personalized cancer vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ngima Sherpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jimmy Manyanga
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tanner M Johanns
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Pellerino A, Caccese M, Padovan M, Cerretti G, Lombardi G. Epidemiology, risk factors, and prognostic factors of gliomas. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Malignant Sinonasal Tumors: Update on Histological and Clinical Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2420-2438. [PMID: 34287240 PMCID: PMC8293118 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (TuNSs) are rare and heterogeneous malignancies, presenting different histological features and clinical behavior. We reviewed the literature about etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs to define pathologic features and possible treatment strategies. From a diagnostic point of view, it is mandatory to have high expertise and perform an immunohistochemical assessment to distinguish between different histotypes. Due to the extreme rarity of these neoplasms, there are no standard and evidence-based therapeutic strategies, lacking prospective and large clinical trials. In fact, most studies are retrospective analyses. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment of TuNSs for small and localized tumors allowing complete tumor removal. Locally advanced lesions require more demolitive surgery that should be always followed by adjuvant radio- or chemo-radiotherapy. Recurrent/metastatic disease requires palliative chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Many studies emphasize the role of specific genes mutations in the development of TuNSs like mutations in the exons 4-9 of the TP53 gene, in the exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene and in the promoter of the TERT gene. In the near future, this genetic assessment will have new therapeutic implications. Future improvements in the understanding of the etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs are warranted to improve their management.
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Wang W, Wang M, Jiang H, Wang T, Da R. BRAF non-V600E more frequently co-occurs with IDH1/2 mutations in adult patients with gliomas than in patients harboring BRAF V600E but without a survival advantage. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:195. [PMID: 33980169 PMCID: PMC8114535 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of BRAFnon-V600E and BRAFV600E on the outcomes and the molecular characteristics of adult glioma patients are unknown and need to be explored, although BRAFV600E has been extensively studied in pediatric glioma. METHODS Co-occurring mutations and copy number alterations of associated genes in the MAPK and p53 pathways were investigated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database retrieved by cBioPortal. The prognosis of available adult glioma cohorts with BRAFV600E and BRAFnon-V600E mutations were also investigated. RESULTS Ninety patients with BRAFV600E or BRAFnon-V600E were enrolled in this study, and data from 52 nonredundant patients were investigated. Glioblastoma multiform was the most common cancer type, with BRAF non-V600E and BRAFV600E. TP53 (56.00% vs. 7.41%), IDH1/2 (36.00% vs. 3.70%), and ATRX (32.00% vs. 7.41%) exhibited more mutations in BRAFnon-V600E than in BRAFV600E, and TP53 was an independent risk factor (56.00% vs. 7.41%). Both BRAFnon-V600E and BRAFV600E frequently overlapped with CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletions (HDs), but there was no significant difference. Survival analysis showed no difference between the BRAF non-V600E and BRAFV600E cohorts, even after excluding the survival benefit of IDH1/2 mutations and considering the BRAFnon-V600E mutations in the glycine-rich loop (G-loop) and in the activation segment. The estimated mean survival of patients with BRAFnon-V600E & IDH1/2WT with mutations in the G-loop groups was the shortest. CONCLUSIONS BRAFnon-V600E exhibited a stronger association with IDH1/2 mutations than BRAFV600E, but no survival advantage was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Da
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Recent Advances in the Use of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:8. [PMID: 33772646 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Although the overall incidence is less than 10 per 100,000 individuals, its poor prognosis and low survival rate make GBM a crucial public health issue. The main challenges for GBM treatment are related to tumor location and its complex and heterogeneous biology. In this sense, a broad range of nanoparticles with different sizes, architectures, and surface properties, have been engineered as brain drug delivery systems. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, have been pointed out as promising materials to deliver antitumoral drugs to the central nervous system and thus, to improve brain drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency. Here, we describe the synthesis and general characteristics of lipid-based nanoparticles, as well as evidence in the past 5 years regarding their potential use to treat GBM.
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Dubinski D, Won SY, Rauch M, Behmanesh B, Ngassam LDC, Baumgarten P, Senft C, Harter PN, Bernstock JD, Freiman TM, Seifert V, Gessler F. Association of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Status With Edema to Tumor Ratio and Its Correlation With Immune Infiltration in Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627650. [PMID: 33868245 PMCID: PMC8044904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The extent of preoperative peritumoral edema in glioblastoma (GBM) has been negatively correlated with patient outcome. As several ongoing studies are investigating T-cell based immunotherapy in GBM, we conducted this study to assess whether peritumoral edema with potentially increased intracranial pressure, disrupted tissue homeostasis and reduced local blood flow has influence on immune infiltration and affects survival. Methods A volumetric analysis of preoperative imaging (gadolinium enhanced T1 weighted MRI sequences for tumor size and T2 weighted sequences for extent of edema (including the infiltrative zone, gliosis etc.) was conducted in 144 patients using the Brainlab® software. Immunohistochemical staining was analyzed for lymphocytic- (CD 3+) and myelocytic (CD15+) tumor infiltration. A retrospective analysis of patient-, surgical-, and molecular characteristics was performed using medical records. Results The edema to tumor ratio was neither associated with progression-free nor overall survival (p=0.90, p=0.74). However, GBM patients displaying IDH-1 wildtype had significantly higher edema to tumor ratio than patients displaying an IDH-1 mutation (p=0.01). Immunohistopathological analysis did not show significant differences in lymphocytic or myelocytic tumor infiltration (p=0.78, p=0.74) between these groups. Conclusion In our cohort, edema to tumor ratio had no significant correlation with immune infiltration and outcome. However, patients with an IDH-1wildtype GBM had a significantly higher edema to tumor ratio compared to their IDH-1 mutated peer group. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rauch
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bedjan Behmanesh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lionel D C Ngassam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas M Freiman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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Da R, Wang M, Jiang H, Wang T, Wang W. BRAF AMP Frequently Co-occurs With IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX Mutations in Adult Patients With Gliomas and Is Associated With Poorer Survival Than That of Patients Harboring BRAF V600E. Front Oncol 2021; 10:531968. [PMID: 33489866 PMCID: PMC7817544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.531968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal RAS/RAF signaling plays a critical role in glioma. Although it is known that the V600E mutation of v-raf murine viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAFV600E) and BRAF amplification (BRAFAMP) both result in constitutive activation of the RAS/RAF pathway, whether BRAFV600E and BRAFAMP have different effects on the survival of glioma patients needs to be clarified. Using cBioPortal, we retrieved studies of both mutations and copy number variations of the BRAF gene in CNS/brain tumors and investigated data from 69 nonredundant glioma patients. The BRAF mutation group had significantly more male patients (64.00% vs. 36.84%; P = 0.046) and a higher occurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (66.00% vs. 31.58%; P = 0.013) compared to those in the other group. The BRAFAMP group had significantly more patients with the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) (73.68% vs. 18.00%; P = 0.000), tumor protein p53 (TP53) (73.68% vs. 30.00%; P = 0.002), and alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X linked (ATRX) (63.16% vs. 18.00%; P = 0.001) than the mutation group. The BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT cohort had lower overall survival compared with the BRAFAMP and IDH1/2MT groups (P = 0.001) and the BRAF mutation cohort (P = 0.019), including the BRAFV600E (P = 0.033) and BRAFnon-V600E (P = 0.029) groups, using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log rank (Mantel–Cox) test. The BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT genotype was found to be an independent predictive factor for glioma with BRAF mutation and BRAFAMP using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (HR = 0.138, P = 0.018). Our findings indicate that BRAFAMP frequently occurs with IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX mutations. Adult patients with glioma with BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT had worse prognoses compared with those with BRAF mutation and BRAFAMP and IDH1/2MT. This suggests that the assessment of the status of BRAFAMP and IDH1/2 in adult glioma/glioblastoma patients has prognostic value as these patients have relatively short survival times and may benefit from personalized targeted therapy using BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Da
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Zhou W, Zhou Z, Wen J, Xie F, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Chen Y, Li M, Guan Y, Hua T. A Nomogram Modeling 11C-MET PET/CT and Clinical Features in Glioma Helps Predict IDH Mutation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1200. [PMID: 32850348 PMCID: PMC7396495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We developed a 11C-Methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (11C-MET PET/CT)-based nomogram model that uses easy-accessible imaging and clinical features to achieve reliable non-invasive isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant prediction with strong clinical translational capability. Methods: One hundred and ten patients with pathologically proven glioma who underwent pretreatment 11C-MET PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. IDH genotype was determined by IDH1 R132H immunohistochemistry staining. Maximum, mean and peak tumor-to-normal brain tissue (TNRmax, TNRmean, TNRpeak), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion methionine uptake (TLMU), and standard deviation of SUV (SUVSD) of the lesions on MET PET images were obtained via a dedicated workstation (Siemens. syngo.via). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the predictive factors for IDH mutation. Nomogram and calibration plots were further performed. Results: In the entire population, TNRmean, TNRmax, TNRpeak, and SUVSD of IDH-mutant glioma patients were significantly lower than these values of IDH wildtype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested SUVSD had the best performance for IDH-mutant discrimination (AUC = 0.731, cut-off ≤ 0.29, p < 0.001). All pairs of the 11C-MET PET metrics showed linear associations by Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.228 and 0.986. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that SUVSD (>0.29 vs. ≤ 0.29 OR: 0.053, p = 0.010), dichotomized brain midline structure involvement (no vs. yes OR: 26.52, p = 0.000) and age (≤ 45 vs. >45 years OR: 3.23, p = 0.023), were associated with a higher incidence of IDH mutation. The nomogram modeling showed good discrimination, with a C-statistics of 0.866 (95% CI: 0.796–0.937) and was well-calibrated. Conclusions:11C-Methionine PET/CT imaging features (SUVSD and the involvement of brain midline structure) can be conveniently used to facilitate the pre-operative prediction of IDH genotype. The nomogram model based on 11C-Methionine PET/CT and clinical age features might be clinically useful in non-invasive IDH mutation status prediction for untreated glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhou
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Xiao
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Hua
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Qu CX, Ji HM, Shi XC, Bi H, Zhai LQ, Han DW. Characteristics of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in gliomas in Chinese patients. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01583. [PMID: 32146731 PMCID: PMC7177565 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the characteristics of IDH and TERT promoter mutations in gliomas in Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 124 Chinese patients with gliomas were enrolled to study the frequencies of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp). Among the 124 patients, 59 patients were enrolled to study the classification of gliomas based on mutations in IDH and TERTp. RESULTS Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are positively correlated with a good prognosis but mutations in TERTp cannot predict prognoses independently. The combined analysis of the mutations of IDH and TERTp can predict the prognosis more accurately. Patients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, followed by only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients, which have the worst prognosis. IDH and TERTp mutations occur frequently in males, younger patients or lower-grade patients. In contrast, only TERTp mutations occur frequently in females, older patients or higher-grade patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, and only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients have the worst prognosis. Moreover, the molecular classification of gliomas by mutations of IDH and TERTp is not suitable for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Xiao Qu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong-Ming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Qin Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - De-Wu Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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14
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Ferreira MSV, Sørensen MD, Pusch S, Beier D, Bouillon AS, Kristensen BW, Brümmendorf TH, Beier CP, Beier F. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:1-14. [PMID: 31960234 PMCID: PMC7076064 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are associated with improved survival in gliomas. Depending on the IDH1 status, TERT promoter mutations affect prognosis. IDH1 mutations are associated with alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), suggesting an interaction between IDH1 and telomeres. However, little is known how IDH1 mutations affect telomere maintenance.
Methods We analyzed cell-specific telomere length (CS-TL) on a single cell level in 46 astrocytoma samples (WHO II-IV) by modified immune-quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, using endothelial cells as internal reference. In the same samples, we determined IDH1/TERT promoter mutation status and ATRX expression. The interaction of IDH1R132H mutation and CS-TL was studied in vitro using an IDH1R132H doxycycline-inducible glioma cell line system. Results Virtually all ALTpositive astrocytomas had normal TERT promoter and lacked ATRX expression. Further, all ALTpositive samples had IDH1R132H mutations, resulting in a significantly longer CS-TL of IDH1R132H gliomas, when compared to their wildtype counterparts. Conversely, TERT promotor mutations were associated with IDHwildtype, ATRX expression, lack of ALT and short CS-TL. ALT, TERT promoter mutations, and CS-TL remained without prognostic significance, when correcting for IDH1 status. In vitro, overexpression of IDHR132H in the glioma cell line LN319 resulted in downregulation of ATRX and rapid TERT-independent telomere lengthening consistent with ALT.
Conclusion ALT is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in IDHR132H mutated astrocytomas, while TERT promoter mutations were associated with IDHwildtype glioma. IDH1R132H downregulates ATRX expression in vitro resulting in ALT, which may contribute to the strong association of IDH1R132H mutations, ATRX loss, and ALT.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-020-03394-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Beier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Bouillon
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tim Henrik Brümmendorf
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Patrick Beier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Ozturk-Isik E, Cengiz S, Ozcan A, Yakicier C, Ersen Danyeli A, Pamir MN, Özduman K, Dincer A. Identification of IDH and TERTp mutation status using 1 H-MRS in 112 hemispheric diffuse gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1799-1809. [PMID: 31664773 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in noninvasively defining molecular subsets of hemispheric diffuse gliomas based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutation status, which correspond to distinct tumor entities, and differ in demographics, natural history, treatment response, recurrence, and survival patterns. PURPOSE To investigate whether metabolite levels detected with short echo time (TE) proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) at 3T can be used for noninvasive molecular classification of IDH and TERTp mutation-based subsets of gliomas. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS In all, 112 hemispheric diffuse gliomas (70 males/42 females, mean age: 42.1 ± 13.9 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Short-TE 1 H-MRS (repetition time (TR) = 2000 msec, TE = 30 msec, number of signal averages = 192) and routine clinical brain tumor MR protocols were acquired at 3T. ASSESSMENT 1 H-MRS data were quantified using LCModel software. TERTp and IDH1 or IDH2 (IDH1/2) mutations in the tissue were determined by either minisequencing or Sanger sequencing. STATISTICAL TESTS Metabolic differences between IDH mutant and IDH wildtype gliomas were assessed by a Mann-Whitney U-test. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Tukey-Kramer test was used to analyze metabolic differences between IDH and TERTp mutational molecular subsets of gliomas. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlations of metabolite intensities with the Ki-67 index. Furthermore, machine learning was employed to classify the IDH and TERTp mutational status of gliomas, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values were estimated. RESULTS Short-TE 1 H-MRS classified the presence of an IDH mutation with 88.39% accuracy, 76.92% sensitivity, and 94.52% specificity, and a TERTp mutation within primary IDH wildtype gliomas with 92.59% accuracy, 83.33% sensitivity, and 95.24% specificity. DATA CONCLUSION Short-TE 1 H-MRS could be used to identify molecular subsets of hemispheric diffuse gliomas corresponding to IDH and TERTp mutations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1799-1809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Cengiz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Ozcan
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Device Technologies, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biomedical Imaging Research and Development Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yakicier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Ersen Danyeli
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Özduman
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Dincer
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Ius T, Cesselli D, Isola M, Pauletto G, Tomasino B, D’Auria S, Bagatto D, Pegolo E, Beltrami AP, Loreto CD, Skrap M. Incidental Low-Grade Gliomas: Single-Institution Management Based on Clinical, Surgical, and Molecular Data. Neurosurgery 2019; 86:391-399. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Incidentally discovered diffuse low-grade gliomas (iLGG) are poorly documented in the literature. They are diagnosed by chance during radiological examinations.
OBJECTIVE
To review a cohort of patients with iLGG surgically treated in our institution, analyzing clinical, molecular, and surgical aspects.
METHODS
Clinical, radiological, and treatment data of iLGG were retrieved and compared with those of symptomatic diffuse LGGs (sLGG). Histological and molecular review was carried out as well. The extent of resection was evaluated on preoperative and postoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS
Thirty-four iLGG cases were identified within a monoinstitutional cohort of 332 patients operated for low-grade gliomas from 2000 to 2017. Clinically, patients with iLGG had higher preoperative karnofsky performance scale (KPS) (P = .003), smaller tumor volume (P = .0001), lower frequency of eloquent areas involvement (P = .0001), and higher rate of complete resection (P = .0001) compared to those with sLGG. No differences in the molecular profile and O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter methylation were detected between iLGG and sLGG. Importantly, patients with iLGG had longer overall survival than those with sLGG (P = .0001), even when a complete surgical resection was achieved (P = .001).
CONCLUSION
Although the therapeutic strategy of iLGG is still a matter of debate, our data support the safety and the effectiveness of early surgical resection. The favorable prognosis of iLGG may be due to the higher practicability of extensive resection, noneloquent tumor location, and smaller tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giada Pauletto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- IRCCS E. Medea, Polo Regionale del FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stanislao D’Auria
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Bagatto
- Department of Neuroradiology University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Pegolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Carla di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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17
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Thon N, Tonn JC, Kreth FW. The surgical perspective in precision treatment of diffuse gliomas. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1497-1508. [PMID: 30863116 PMCID: PMC6390867 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s174316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, advances in molecular and imaging-based biomarkers have induced a more versatile diagnostic classification and prognostic evaluation of glioma patients. This, in combination with a growing therapeutic armamentarium, enables increasingly individualized, risk-benefit-optimized treatment strategies. This path to precision medicine in glioma patients requires surgical procedures to be reassessed within multidimensional management considerations. This article attempts to integrate the surgical intervention into a dynamic network of versatile diagnostic characterization, prognostic assessment, and multimodal treatment options in the light of the latest 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of diffuse brain tumors, WHO grade II, III, and IV. Special focus is set on surgical aspects such as resectability, extent of resection, and targeted surgical strategies including minimal invasive stereotactic biopsy procedures, convection enhanced delivery, and photodynamic therapy. Moreover, the influence of recent advances in radiomics/radiogenimics on the process of surgical decision-making will be touched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,
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18
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Guilmette J, Sadow PM. High-Grade Sinonasal Carcinoma: Classification Through Molecular Profiling. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:1416-1419. [PMID: 30779592 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0224-rs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High-grade sinonasal carcinomas are a cohort of malignant epithelial neoplasms arising in the sinonasal cavities with distinct, ominous morphologic features or lacking well-differentiated features that might otherwise classify them as less biologically worrisome. Recent advances in molecular profiling have led to the identification of several distinct tumor entities previously grouped together. These molecularly distinct lesions include NUT (midline) carcinoma, INI1 (SMARCB1)-deficient carcinoma, SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, and novel IDH-mutant sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, in addition to the previously described lymphoepithelial carcinoma that may also be included in the differential diagnosis. The discovery of these distinct molecular tumor profiles may have significant clinical impact as targeted molecular-based therapeutics continue to evolve, and they may offer some respite for patients who have these highly aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guilmette
- From the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Peter M Sadow
- From the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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19
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Chartrain AG, Hom D, Bederson JB, Mocco J, Kellner CP. Republished: Intracavitary ultrasound (ICARUS): a neuroendoscopic adaptation of intravascular ultrasound for intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation. J Neurointerv Surg 2018; 10:e16. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013188.rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neurosurgeons performing intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation procedures have limited options for monitoring hematoma evacuation and assessing residual hematoma burden intraoperatively. Here, we report the successful neuroendoscopic adaptation of intravascular ultrasound, referred to here as intracavitary ultrasound (ICARUS), in two patients. Pre-evacuation ICARUS demonstrated dense hematomas in both patients. Post-evacuation ICARUS in patient 1 demonstrated significant reduction in clot burden and two focal hyperechoic regions consistent with pockets of hematoma not previously seen with the endoscope or burr hole ultrasound. These areas were directly targeted and resected with the endoscope and suction device. Post-evacuation ICARUS in patient 2 showed significant reduction of hematoma volume without indication of residual blood. ICARUS findings were confirmed on intraoperative DynaCT and postoperative CT 24 hours later. ICARUS is feasibly performed in a hematoma cavity both before and after hematoma aspiration. ICARUS may provide additional information to the operating surgeon and assist in maximizing hematoma removal.
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20
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Hersh DS, Peng S, Dancy JG, Galisteo R, Eschbacher JM, Castellani RJ, Heath JE, Legesse T, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Tran NL, Winkles JA. Differential expression of the TWEAK receptor Fn14 in IDH1 wild-type and mutant gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:241-250. [PMID: 29453678 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The TNF receptor superfamily member Fn14 is overexpressed by many solid tumor types, including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal form of adult brain cancer. GBM is notable for a highly infiltrative growth pattern and several groups have reported that high Fn14 expression levels can increase tumor cell invasiveness. We reported previously that the mesenchymal and proneural GBM transcriptomic subtypes expressed the highest and lowest levels of Fn14 mRNA, respectively. Given the recent histopathological re-classification of human gliomas by the World Health Organization based on isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutation status, we extended this work by comparing Fn14 gene expression in IDH1 wild-type (WT) and mutant (R132H) gliomas and in cell lines engineered to overexpress the IDH1 R132H enzyme. We found that both low-grade and high-grade (i.e., GBM) IDH1 R132H gliomas exhibit low Fn14 mRNA and protein levels compared to IDH1 WT gliomas. Forced overexpression of the IDH1 R132H protein in glioma cells reduced Fn14 expression, while treatment of IDH1 R132H-overexpressing cells with the IDH1 R132H inhibitor AGI-5198 or the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased Fn14 expression. These results support a role for Fn14 in the more aggressive and invasive phenotype associated with IDH1 WT tumors and indicate that the low levels of Fn14 gene expression noted in IDH1 R132H mutant gliomas may be due to epigenetic regulation via changes in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jimena G Dancy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB BioPark One Room 320, 800 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan E Heath
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Teklu Legesse
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St Suite 12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB BioPark One Room 320, 800 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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21
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Dunwoodie LJ, Poehlman WL, Ficklin SP, Feltus FA. Discovery and validation of a glioblastoma co-expressed gene module. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541392 PMCID: PMC5834250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors exhibit complex patterns of aberrant gene expression. Using a knowledge-independent, noise-reducing gene co-expression network construction software called KINC, we created multiple RNAseq-based gene co-expression networks relevant to brain and glioblastoma biology. In this report, we describe the discovery and validation of a glioblastoma-specific gene module that contains 22 co-expressed genes. The genes are upregulated in glioblastoma relative to normal brain and lower grade glioma samples; they are also hypo-methylated in glioblastoma relative to lower grade glioma tumors. Among the proneural, neural, mesenchymal, and classical glioblastoma subtypes, these genes are most-highly expressed in the mesenchymal subtype. Furthermore, high expression of these genes is associated with decreased survival across each glioblastoma subtype. These genes are of interest to glioblastoma biology and our gene interaction discovery and validation workflow can be used to discover and validate co-expressed gene modules derived from any co-expression network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland J Dunwoodie
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - William L Poehlman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Stephen P Ficklin
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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22
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Molecular profiling of short-term and long-term surviving patients identifies CD34 mRNA level as prognostic for glioblastoma survival. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:533-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Uckermann O, Juratli TA, Galli R, Conde M, Wiedemuth R, Krex D, Geiger K, Temme A, Schackert G, Koch E, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Optical Analysis of Glioma: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals the IDH1 Mutation Status. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:2530-2538. [PMID: 29259030 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Somatic mutations in the human cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene cause profound changes in cell metabolism and are a common feature of gliomas with unprecedented predictive and prognostic impact. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy addresses the molecular composition of cells and tissue and was investigated to deduct the IDH1 mutation status.Experimental Design: We tested the technique on human cell lines that were transduced with wild-type IDH1 or mutated IDH1 and on 34 human glioma samples. IR spectra were acquired at 256 positions from cell pellets or tissue cryosections. Moreover, IR spectra were obtained from fresh, unprocessed biopsies of 64 patients with glioma.Results:IDH1 mutation was linked to changes in spectral bands assigned to molecular groups of lipids and proteins in cell lines and human glioma. The spectra of cryosections of brain tumor samples showed high interpatient variability, for example, bands related to calcifications at 1113 cm-1 However, supervised classification recognized relevant spectral regions at 1103, 1362, 1441, 1485, and 1553 cm-1 and assigned 88% of the tumor samples to the correct group. Similar spectral positions allowed the classification of spectra of fresh biopsies with an accuracy of 86%.Conclusions: Here, we show that vibrational spectroscopy reveals the IDH1 genotype of glioma. Because it can provide information in seconds, an implementation into the intraoperative workflow might allow simple and rapid online diagnosis of the IDH1 genotype. The intraoperative confirmation of IDH1 mutation status might guide the decision to pursue definitive neurosurgical resection and guide future in situ therapies of infiltrative gliomas. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2530-8. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Hollon and Orringer, p. 2467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tareq A Juratli
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marina Conde
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Geiger
- Neuropathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
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Tateishi K, Wakimoto H, Cahill DP. IDH1 Mutation and World Health Organization 2016 Diagnostic Criteria for Adult Diffuse Gliomas: Advances in Surgical Strategy. Neurosurgery 2017; 64:134-138. [PMID: 28899049 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massac-husetts General Hospital Cancer Cen-ter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma-ssachusetts.,Department of Neuro-surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massac-husetts General Hospital Cancer Cen-ter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma-ssachusetts.,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massac-husetts General Hospital Cancer Cen-ter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma-ssachusetts.,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in pediatric and adult patients with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy represents a promising new therapeutic approach in many solid and hematologic malignancies, including GBM, although only a subset of patients responds clinically. Thus, current efforts are focused on identifying patients most likely to benefit from immune-based therapies. The cancer immunogenomics approach identifies candidate neoantigens from genomics information and represents a potentially exciting new space in precision neuro-oncology. In this review, we discuss the role of neoantigens in GBM both as predictive biomarkers and as targets of immunotherapy.
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26
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Brendle C, Hempel JM, Schittenhelm J, Skardelly M, Tabatabai G, Bender B, Ernemann U, Klose U. Glioma Grading and Determination of IDH Mutation Status and ATRX loss by DCE and ASL Perfusion. Clin Neuroradiol 2017; 28:421-428. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-017-0590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Chen R, Smith-Cohn M, Cohen AL, Colman H. Glioma Subclassifications and Their Clinical Significance. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:284-297. [PMID: 28281173 PMCID: PMC5398991 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of targeted therapies in glioma has been modest. All the therapies that have demonstrated a significant survival benefit for gliomas in Phase III trials, including radiation, chemotherapy (temozolomide and PCV [procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine]), and tumor-treating fields, are based on nonspecific targeting of proliferating cells. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of gliomas suggest some potential reasons for the failure of more targeted therapies in gliomas. Specifically, the histologic-based glioma classification is composed of multiple different molecular subtypes with distinct biology, natural history, and prognosis. As a result of these insights, the diagnosis and classification of gliomas have recently been updated by the World Health Organization. However, these changes and other novel observations regarding glioma biomarkers and subtypes highlight several clinical challenges. First, the field is faced with the difficulty of reinterpreting the results of prior studies and retrospective data using the new classifications to clarify prognostic assessments and treatment recommendations for patients. Second, the new classifications and insights require rethinking the design and stratification of future clinical trials. Last, these observations provide the essential framework for the development and testing of new specific targeted therapies for particular glioma subtypes. This review aims to summarize the current literature regarding glioma subclassifications and their clinical relevance in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Smith-Cohn
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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28
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Liu A, Hou C, Chen H, Zong X, Zong P. Genetics and Epigenetics of Glioblastoma: Applications and Overall Incidence of IDH1 Mutation. Front Oncol 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 26858939 PMCID: PMC4731485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most fatal brain cancer found in humans. Patients suffering from glioblastoma have a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 15 months. The tumor may develop rapidly de novo in older patients or through progression from anaplastic astrocytomas in younger patients if glioblastoma is primary or secondary, respectively. During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding of processes leading to glioblastoma, and several important genetic defects that appear to be important for the development and progression of this tumor have been identified. Particularly, the discovery of recurrent mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene has shed new light on the molecular landscape in glioblastoma. Indeed, emerging research on the consequences of mutant IDH1 protein expression suggests that its neomorphic enzymatic activity catalyzing the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate influences a range of cellular programs that affect the epigenome and contribute to glioblastoma development. One of the exciting observations is the presence of IDH1 mutation in the vast majority of secondary glioblastoma, while it is almost absent in primary glioblastoma. Growing data indicate that this particular mutation has clinical and prognostic importance and will become a critical early distinction in diagnosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Chunfeng Hou
- Department of Oncology Nursing, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Xuan Zong
- Department of Oncology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Peijun Zong
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
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29
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Wang K, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang J, Li G, Ma J, Ma J, Jiang T, Dai J. Radiological features combined with IDH1 status for predicting the survival outcome of glioblastoma patients. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:589-97. [PMID: 26409566 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological characteristics may reflect the biological features of brain tumors and may be associated with genetic alterations that occur in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiological features and IDH1 status as well as their predictive value for survival of glioblastoma patients. METHODS The clinical information and MR images of 280 patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma were retrospectively reviewed. The radiological characteristics of tumors were examined on MR images, and the IDH1 status was determined using DNA sequencing for all cases. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to identify prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS The IDH1 mutation was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .022; hazard ratio, 0.602) and overall survival (P = .018; hazard ratio, 0.554). In patients with the IDH1 mutation, tumor contrast enhancement and peritumoral edema indicated worse progression-free survival (P = .015 and P = .024, respectively) and worse overall survival (P = .024 and P = .032, respectively). For tumors with contrast enhancement, multifocal contrast enhancement of the tumor lesion was associated with poor progression-free survival (P = .002) and poor overall survival (P = .010) in patients with wild-type IDH1 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Combining the radiological features and IDH1 status of a tumor allows more accurate prediction of survival outcomes in glioblastoma patients. The complementary roles of genetic changes and radiological features of tumors should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jieling Ma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
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30
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Wang YY, Wang K, Li SW, Wang JF, Ma J, Jiang T, Dai JP. Patterns of Tumor Contrast Enhancement Predict the Prognosis of Anaplastic Gliomas with IDH1 Mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:2023-9. [PMID: 26316565 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is proposed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation predicts the outcome in patients with high-grade glioma. In addition, contrast enhancement on preoperative MR imaging reflects tumor biologic features. Patients with anaplastic glioma with the IDH1 mutation were evaluated by using MR imaging to determine whether tumor enhancement is a prognostic factor and can be used to predict survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 216 patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic glioma was reviewed retrospectively. Tumor contrast-enhancement patterns were classified on the basis of preoperative T1 contrast MR images. Tumor IDH1 status was examined by using RNA sequencing. We used univariate analysis and the multivariate Cox model to evaluate the prognostic value of the IDH1 mutation and tumor contrast-enhancement pattern for progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS In all 216 patients, IDH1 mutation was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .004, hazard ratio = 0.439) and overall survival (P = .002, hazard ratio = 0.406). For patients with IDH1 mutant anaplastic glioma, the absence of contrast enhancement was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .038, hazard ratio = 0.473) and overall survival (P = .043, hazard ratio = 0.436). Furthermore, we were able to stratify the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with IDH1 mutation by using the tumor contrast-enhancement patterns (P = .022 and 0.029, respectively; log-rank). CONCLUSIONS Tumor enhancement on postcontrast MR imaging is a valuable prognostic factor for patients with anaplastic glioma and IDH1 mutation. Furthermore, the contrast-enhancement patterns could potentially be used to stratify the survival outcome of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.) Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - K Wang
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - S W Li
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - J F Wang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.)
| | - J Ma
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - T Jiang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.) Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Center for Brain Tumor (T.J.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - J P Dai
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy that constitutes about 50 % of all gliomas. Despite aggressive, multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor with 5-year survival rates of <10 %. Resistance to conventional therapies is most likely caused by several factors. Alterations in the functions of local immune mediators may represent a critical contributor to this resistance. The tumor microenvironment contains innate and adaptive immune cells in addition to the cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. These various cells communicate with each other by means of direct cell-cell contact or by soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines, and act in autocrine and paracrine manners to modulate tumor growth. There are dynamic interactions among the local immune elements and the tumor cells, where primarily the protective immune cells attempt to overcome the malignant cells. However, by developing somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, the glioblastoma tumor cells acquire the capability of counteracting the local immune responses, and even exploit the immune cells and products for their own growth benefits. In this review, we survey those immune mechanisms that likely contribute to glioblastoma pathogenesis and may serve as a basis for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eder
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary.
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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32
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Aum DJ, Kim DH, Beaumont TL, Leuthardt EC, Dunn GP, Kim AH. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity: the hallmark of glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E11. [PMID: 25434380 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing awareness that glioblastoma, which may seem histopathologically similar across many tumors, actually represents a group of molecularly distinct tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that cells even within the same tumor exhibit wide-ranging molecular diversity. Parallel to the discoveries of molecular heterogeneity among tumors and their individual cells, intense investigation of the cellular biology of glioblastoma has revealed that not all cancer cells within a given tumor behave the same. The identification of a subpopulation of brain tumor cells termed "glioblastoma cancer stem cells" or "tumor-initiating cells" has implications for the management of glioblastoma. This focused review will therefore summarize emerging concepts on the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of glioblastoma and emphasize that we should begin to consider each individual glioblastoma to be an ensemble of molecularly distinct subclones that reflect a spectrum of dynamic cell states.
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33
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Chen R, Ravindra VM, Cohen AL, Jensen RL, Salzman KL, Prescot AP, Colman H. Molecular features assisting in diagnosis, surgery, and treatment decision making in low-grade gliomas. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E2. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.focus14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The preferred management of suspected low-grade gliomas (LGGs) has been disputed, and the implications of molecular changes for medical and surgical management of LGGs are important to consider. Current strategies that make use of molecular markers and imaging techniques and therapeutic considerations offer additional options for management of LGGs. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) genes suggest a role for this abnormal metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis and progression of these primary brain tumors. Use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide preoperative detection of IDH-mutated gliomas and affect surgical planning. In addition, IDH1 and IDH2 mutation status may have an effect on surgical resectability of gliomas. The IDH-mutated tumors exhibit better prognosis throughout every grade of glioma, and mutation may be an early genetic event, preceding lineage-specific secondary and tertiary alterations that transform LGGs into secondary glioblastomas. The O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and 1p19q codeletion status can predict sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation in low- and intermediate-grade gliomas. Thus, these recent advances, which have led to a better understanding of how molecular, genetic, and epigenetic alterations influence the pathogenicity of the different histological grades of gliomas, can lead to better prognostication and may lead to specific targeted surgical interventions and medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Chen
- 1Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center
| | - Vijay M. Ravindra
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center
| | | | - Randy L. Jensen
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center
| | | | - Andrew P. Prescot
- 5Department of Radiology and Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Howard Colman
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center
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34
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Baldock AL, Yagle K, Born DE, Ahn S, Trister AD, Neal M, Johnston SK, Bridge CA, Basanta D, Scott J, Malone H, Sonabend AM, Canoll P, Mrugala MM, Rockhill JK, Rockne RC, Swanson KR. Invasion and proliferation kinetics in enhancing gliomas predict IDH1 mutation status. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:779-86. [PMID: 24832620 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas with a specific mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene have a better prognosis than gliomas with wild-type IDH1. METHODS Here we compare the IDH1 mutational status in 172 contrast-enhancing glioma patients with the invasion profile generated by a patient-specific mathematical model we developed based on MR imaging. RESULTS We show that IDH1-mutated contrast-enhancing gliomas were relatively more invasive than wild-type IDH1 for all 172 contrast-enhancing gliomas as well as the subset of 158 histologically confirmed glioblastomas. The appearance of this relatively increased, model-predicted invasive profile appears to be determined more by a lower model-predicted net proliferation rate rather than an increased model-predicted dispersal rate of the glioma cells. Receiver operator curve analysis of the model-predicted MRI-based invasion profile revealed an area under the curve of 0.91, indicative of a predictive relationship. The robustness of this relationship was tested by cross-validation analysis of the invasion profile as a predictive metric for IDH1 status. CONCLUSIONS The strong correlation between IDH1 mutation status and the MRI-based invasion profile suggests that use of our tumor growth model may lead to noninvasive clinical detection of IDH1 mutation status and thus lead to better treatment planning, particularly prior to surgical resection, for contrast-enhancing gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Baldock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Kevin Yagle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Sunyoung Ahn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Andrew D Trister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Maxwell Neal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Sandra K Johnston
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Carly A Bridge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Jacob Scott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Hani Malone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Maciej M Mrugala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Jason K Rockhill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ilinois (A.L.B., C.B., R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.Y., S.A., M.N., S.K.J.); Department of Pathology/Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington (A.D.T., J.K.R.); Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (D.B., J.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York (H.M., A.M.S.); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York (P.C.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.M.M.); Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (R.C.R., K.R.S.); Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (K.R.S.)
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Dimitrov L, Hong CS, Yang C, Zhuang Z, Heiss JD. New developments in the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of the IDH1 mutation in glioma. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:201-13. [PMID: 25678837 PMCID: PMC4323358 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last five years, IDH1 mutations in human malignancies have significantly shaped the diagnosis and management of cancer patients. Ongoing intense research efforts continue to alter our understanding of the role of the IDH1 mutation in tumor formation. Currently, evidence suggests the IDH1 mutation to be an early event in tumorigenesis with multiple downstream oncogenic consequences including maintenance of a hypermethylator phenotype, alterations in HIF signalling, and disruption of collagen maturation contributing to a cancer-promoting extracellular matrix. The most recent reports elucidating these mechanisms is described in this review with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of the IDH1 mutation in glioma. Conflicting findings from various studies are discussed, in order to highlight areas warranting further research. Finally, the latest progress in developing novel therapies against the IDH1 mutation is presented, including recent findings from ongoing phase 1 clinical trials and the exciting prospect of vaccine immunotherapy targeting the IDH1 mutant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Dimitrov
- 1. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Greater London, E1 2AD, United Kingdom ; 2. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher S Hong
- 2. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- 2. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- 2. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- 2. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Natsumeda M, Igarashi H, Nomura T, Ogura R, Tsukamoto Y, Kobayashi T, Aoki H, Okamoto K, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Nakada T, Fujii Y. Accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate in gliomas correlates with survival: a study by 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:158. [PMID: 25376594 PMCID: PMC4236810 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectroscopy studies have shown accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gliomas. IDH mutation is known to be a powerful positive prognostic marker in malignant gliomas. Hence, 2HG accumulation in gliomas was assumed to be a positive prognostic factor in gliomas, but this has not yet been proven. Here, we analyzed 52 patients harboring World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and III gliomas utilizing 3.0-tesla MRS. RESULTS Mutant IDH gliomas showed significantly higher accumulation of 2HG (median 5.077 vs. 0.000, p =0.0002, Mann-Whitney test). 2HG was detectable in all mutant IDH gliomas, whereas in 10 out of 27 (37.0%) wild-type IDH gliomas, 2HG was below the detectable range (2HG =0) (p =0.0003, chi-squared test). Screening for IDH mutation by 2HG analysis was highly sensitive (cutoff 2HG =1.489 mM, sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 72.2%). Gliomas with high 2HG accumulation had better overall survival than gliomas with low 2HG accumulation (p =0.0401, Kaplan-Meier analysis). DISCUSSION 2HG accumulation detected by 3.0-tesla MRS not only correlates well with IDH status, but also positively correlates with survival in WHO grade II and III gliomas.
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Intraoperative mass spectrometry mapping of an onco-metabolite to guide brain tumor surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11121-6. [PMID: 24982150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404724111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many intraoperative decisions surgeons depend on frozen section pathology, a technique developed over 150 y ago. Technical innovations that permit rapid molecular characterization of tissue samples at the time of surgery are needed. Here, using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS, we rapidly detect the tumor metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from tissue sections of surgically resected gliomas, under ambient conditions and without complex or time-consuming preparation. With DESI MS, we identify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutant tumors with both high sensitivity and specificity within minutes, immediately providing critical diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information. Imaging tissue sections with DESI MS shows that the 2-HG signal overlaps with areas of tumor and that 2-HG levels correlate with tumor content, thereby indicating tumor margins. Mapping the 2-HG signal onto 3D MRI reconstructions of tumors allows the integration of molecular and radiologic information for enhanced clinical decision making. We also validate the methodology and its deployment in the operating room: We have installed a mass spectrometer in our Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite and demonstrate the molecular analysis of surgical tissue during brain surgery. This work indicates that metabolite-imaging MS could transform many aspects of surgical care.
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutations as prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme patients in West Bohemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:735659. [PMID: 24511544 PMCID: PMC3910481 DOI: 10.1155/2014/735659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Recent whole-genome studies revealed novel GBM prognostic biomarkers such as mutations in metabolic enzyme IDH—isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2). The distinctive mutation IDH1 R132H was uncovered to be a strong prognostic biomarker for glioma patients. We investigated the prognostic role of IDH1 R132H mutation in GBM patients in West Bohemia. Methods. The IDH1 R132H mutation was assessed by the RT-PCR in the tumor samples from 45 GBM patients treated in the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen and was correlated with the progression free and overall survival. Results. The IDH1 R132H mutation was identified in 20 from 44 GBM tumor samples (45.4%). The majority of mutated tumors were secondary GBMs (16 in 18, 89.9%). Low frequency of IDH1 mutations was observed in primary GBMs (4 in 26, 15.3%). Patients with IDH R132H mutation had longer PFS, 136 versus 51 days (P < 0.021, Wilcoxon), and OS, 270 versus 130 days (P < 0.024, Wilcoxon test). Summary. The prognostic value of IDH1 R132H mutation in GBM patients was verified. Patients with mutation had significantly longer PFS and OS than patients with wild-type IDH1 and suffered more likely from secondary GBMs.
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Andronesi OC, Rapalino O, Gerstner E, Chi A, Batchelor TT, Cahill DP, Sorensen AG, Rosen BR. Detection of oncogenic IDH1 mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3659-63. [PMID: 23999439 DOI: 10.1172/jci67229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of metabolic pathways disturbed in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant tumors revealed that the hallmark metabolic alteration is the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The biological impact of D-2HG strongly suggests that high levels of this metabolite may play a central role in propagating downstream the effects of mutant IDH, leading to malignant transformation of cells. Hence, D-2HG may be an ideal biomarker for both diagnosing and monitoring treatment response targeting IDH mutations. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is well suited to the task of noninvasive D-2HG detection, and there has been much interest in developing such methods. Here, we review recent efforts to translate methodology using MRS to reliably measure in vivo D-2HG into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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