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Feger MA, Isaacs J, Mallu S, Yager D, Shall M, Patel G, Protzuk O, Bokkisam AS. Follistatin Protein Enhances Satellite Cell Counts in Reinnervated Muscle. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2022; 17:e12-e21. [PMID: 35747585 PMCID: PMC9213116 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle recovery following peripheral nerve repair is sup-optimal. Follistatin (FST), a potent muscle stimulant, enhances muscle size and satellite cell counts following reinnervation when administered as recombinant FST DNA via viral vectors. Local administration of recombinant FST protein, if effective, would be more clinically translatable but has yet to be investigated following muscle reinnervation. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the effect of direct delivery of recombinant FST protein on muscle recovery following muscle reinnervation. Materials and Methods In total, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent temporary (3 or 6 months) denervation or sham denervation. After reinnervation, rats received FST protein (isoform FS-288) or sham treatment via a subcutaneous osmotic pump delivery system. Outcome measures included muscle force, muscle histomorphology, and FST protein quantification. Results Follistatin treatment resulted in smaller muscles after 3 months denervation ( p = 0.019) and reduced force after 3 months sham denervation ( p < 0.001). Conversely, after 6 months of denervation, FST treatment trended toward increased force output ( p = 0.066). Follistatin increased satellite cell counts after denervation ( p < 0.001) but reduced satellite cell counts after sham denervation ( p = 0.037). Conclusion Follistatin had mixed effects on muscle weight and force. Direct FST protein delivery enhanced satellite cell counts following reinnervation. The positive effect on the satellite cell population is intriguing and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Feger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jonathan Isaacs
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Satya Mallu
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Dorne Yager
- Divison of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Mary Shall
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Gaurangkumar Patel
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Omar Protzuk
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Akhil S. Bokkisam
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Xing HY, Liu N, Zhou MW. Satellite cell proliferation and myofiber cross-section area increase after electrical stimulation following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:1952-1960. [PMID: 32826459 PMCID: PMC7462209 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation has been recommended as an effective therapy to prevent muscle atrophy after nerve injury. However, the effect of electrical stimulation on the proliferation of satellite cells in denervated muscles has not yet been fully elucidated. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in satellite cell proliferation after electrical stimulation in nerve injury and to determine whether these changes are related to the restoration of myofiber cross-section area (CSA). METHODS Sciatic nerve crush injury was performed in 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. In half (24/48) of the rats, the gastrocnemius was electrically stimulated transcutaneously on a daily basis after injury, while the other half were not stimulated. Another group of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as sham operation controls without injury or stimulation. The rats were euthanized 2, 4, and 6 weeks later. After 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, the gastrocnemia were harvested for the detection of paired box protein 7 (Pax7), BrdU, myofiber CSA, and myonuclei number per fiber. All data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS The percentages of Pax7-positive nuclei (10.81 ± 0.56%) and BrdU-positive nuclei (34.29 ± 3.87%) in stimulated muscles were significantly higher compared to those in non-stimulated muscles (2.58 ± 0.33% and 1.30 ± 0.09%, respectively, Bonferroni t = 15.91 and 18.14, P < 0.05). The numbers of myonuclei per fiber (2.19 ± 0.24) and myofiber CSA (1906.86 ± 116.51 μm) were also increased in the stimulated muscles (Bonferroni t = 3.57 and 2.73, P < 0.05), and both were positively correlated with the Pax7-positive satellite cell content (R = 0.52 and 0.60, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the ratio of myofiber CSA/myonuclei number per fiber among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that satellite cell proliferation is promoted by electrical stimulation after nerve injury, which may be correlated with an increase in myonuclei number and myofiber CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yi Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Isaacs J, Feger MA, Mallu S, Yager D, Shall M, Patel G, Protzuk O, Graham L. Viral vector delivery of follistatin enhances recovery of reinnervated muscle. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:474-483. [PMID: 31365129 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor recovery following nerve repair is due to progressive temporal loss of muscle function. Follistatin (FS), a glycoprotein with anabolic properties, may enhance muscle recovery following reinnervation. METHODS Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent temporary (3 or 6 month) denervation or sham denervation. After reinnervation, rats were administered adeno-associated viral vectors expressing FS deoxyribonucleic acid (isoform FS-317) injected into the target muscle or sham treatment. Final assessment included muscle function testing, muscle histomorphology, nerve histomorphology, and FS protein quantification. RESULTS FS improved muscle mass and type IIB muscle fiber size, and increased G-ratios and mean axon diameter in the 6-month temporary denervation group (P < .05). Elevated FS protein levels were detected in treated muscle (P < .05). FS increased satellite cell counts following temporary denervation and repair (P < .05). DISCUSSION FS treatment had anabolic, neurotrophic, and satellite cell stimulatory effects when administered following prolonged (6-month) temporary denervation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Isaacs
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Feger
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Satya Mallu
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dorne Yager
- Divison of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mary Shall
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gaurangkumar Patel
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Omar Protzuk
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lindsay Graham
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Nishimoto H, Inui A, Ueha T, Inoue M, Akahane S, Harada R, Mifune Y, Kokubu T, Nishida K, Kuroda R, Sakai Y. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide application with hydrogel prevents muscle atrophy in a rat sciatic nerve crush model. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1653-1658. [PMID: 29193246 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The acceleration of nerve regeneration remains a clinical challenge. We previously demonstrated that transcutaneous CO2 application using a novel hydrogel increases the oxygen concentration in local tissue via an "artificial Bohr effect" with the potential to prevent muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of transcutaneous CO2 administration on limb function after peripheral nerve injury in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. In total, 73 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham group, a control group (crush injury to sciatic nerve and no treatment) or a CO2 group (crush injury with transcutaneous CO2 application). CO2 was administered percutaneously for 20 min five times per week. Scores for the sciatic function index and pinprick test were significantly higher in the CO2 group than control group. The muscle wet weight ratios of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were higher in the CO2 group than control group. Electrophysiological examination showed that the CO2 group had higher compound motor action potential amplitudes and shorter distal motor latency than the control group. Histological examination of the soleus muscle sections at postoperative week 2 showed shorter fiber diameter in the control group than in the CO2 group. The mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 was lower, mRNA expression of VEGF and myogenin and MyoD was higher in CO2 group at postoperative week 2 compared to the control group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Transcutaneous CO2 application has the therapeutic potential to accelerate the recovery of muscle atrophy in peripheral nerve injury. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1653-1658, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,NeoChemir Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiho Akahane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Risa Harada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kokubu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Nikolic TR, Zivkovic VI, Srejovic IM, Radovanovic DS, Jeremic NS, Jevdjevic MD, Djuric DM, Jakovljevic VL. Acute effects of nandrolone decanoate on cardiodynamic parameters in isolated rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1048-1057. [PMID: 27322017 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite worldwide use of anabolic steroids in last decades, there is still contradictory information about their acute influence on myocardium. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on cardiodynamics and coronary flow in isolated rat heart. The hearts of male Wistar albino rats (n = 48, 12 per group, age 8 weeks, body mass 180-200 g) were excised and perfused according to the Langendorff technique at gradually increased coronary perfusion pressures (40-120 cmH2O). After the control sets of experiments, the hearts in different groups were perfused with different doses of ND (1, 10, or 100 μmol/L separately). Using a sensor placed in the left ventricle, we registered maximum and minimum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle (dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin), systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP and DLVP), and heart rate (HR). Coronary flow (CF) was measured flowmetrically. The results clearly show the depression in cardiac function caused by higher doses of ND. The highest concentration of ND (100 μmol/L) induced the most deleterious impact on the myocardial function and perfusion of the heart (coronary circulation), which could be of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Nikolic
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir I Zivkovic
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan M Srejovic
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragan S Radovanovic
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Carnojeviceva 10A, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Nevena S Jeremic
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja D Jevdjevic
- d College of Health Studies in Cuprija, Bulevar Vojske bb, 35230 Cuprija, Serbia
| | - Dragan M Djuric
- e Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj Jakovljevic
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Shen H, Lv Y, Shen XQ, Xu JH, Lu H, Fu LC, Duan T. Implantation of muscle satellite cells overexpressing myogenin improves denervated muscle atrophy in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5124. [PMID: 26871970 PMCID: PMC4742975 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of muscle satellite cells (MSCs) overexpressing myogenin (MyoG) on denervated muscle atrophy. Rat MSCs were isolated and transfected with the MyoG-EGFP plasmid vector GV143. MyoG-transfected MSCs (MTMs) were transplanted into rat gastrocnemius muscles at 1 week after surgical denervation. Controls included injections of untransfected MSCs or the vehicle only. Muscles were harvested and analyzed at 2, 4, and 24 weeks post-transplantation. Immunofluorescence confirmed MyoG overexpression in MTMs. The muscle wet weight ratio was significantly reduced at 2 weeks after MTM injection (67.17±6.79) compared with muscles injected with MSCs (58.83±5.31) or the vehicle (53.00±7.67; t=2.37, P=0.04 and t=3.39, P=0.007, respectively). The muscle fiber cross-sectional area was also larger at 2 weeks after MTM injection (2.63×10³±0.39×10³) compared with MSC injection (1.99×10³±0.58×10³) or the vehicle only (1.57×10³±0.47×10³; t=2.24, P=0.049 and t=4.22, P=0.002, respectively). At 4 and 24 weeks post-injection, the muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area were similar across all three experimental groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the MTM group had larger MyoG-positive fibers. The MTM group (3.18±1.13) also had higher expression of MyoG mRNA than other groups (1.41±0.65 and 1.03±0.19) at 2 weeks after injection (t=2.72, P=0.04). Transplanted MTMs delayed short-term atrophy of denervated muscles. This approach can be optimized as a novel stand-alone therapy or as a bridge to surgical re-innervation of damaged muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Lv
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Q Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J H Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L C Fu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - T Duan
- College of Medicine, Toxicology Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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