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Lenga P, Kühlwein D, Schönenberger S, Neumann JO, Unterberg AW, Beynon C. The use of quantitative pupillometry in brain death determination: preliminary findings. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2165-2170. [PMID: 38082049 PMCID: PMC11021299 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative pupillometry (QP) has been increasingly applied in neurocritical care as an easy-to-use and reliable technique for evaluating the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Here, we report our preliminary findings on using QP for clinical brain death (BD) determination. MATERIALS This retrospective study included 17 patients ≥ 18 years (mean age, 57.3 years; standard deviation, 15.8 years) with confirmed BD, as defined by German Guidelines for the determination of BD. The PLR was tested using the NPi®-200 Pupillometer (Neuroptics, Laguna Hill, USA), a handheld infrared device automatically tracking and analyzing pupil dynamics over 3 s. In addition, pupil diameter and neurological pupil index (NPi) were also evaluated. RESULTS Intracerebral bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hypoxic encephalopathy were the most prevalent causes of BD. In all patients, the NPi was 0 for both eyes, indicating the cessation of mid-brain function. The mean diameter was 4.9 mm (± 1.3) for the right pupil and 5.2 mm (±1.2) for the left pupil. CONCLUSIONS QP is a valuable tool for the BD certification process to assess the loss of PLR due to the cessation of brain stem function. Furthermore, implementing QP before the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in brain-injured patients may reduce the rate of missed organ donation opportunities. Further studies are warranted to substantiate the feasibility and potential of this technique in treating patients and identify suitable candidates for this technique during the BD certification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Lenga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kühlwein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Oliver Neumann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas W Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Beynon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lenga P, Gülec G, Bajwa AA, Issa M, Oskouian RJ, Chapman JR, Kiening K, Unterberg AW, Ishak B. Lumbar Decompression versus Decompression and Fusion in Octogenarians: Complications and Clinical Course With 3-Year Follow-Up. Global Spine J 2024; 14:687-696. [PMID: 36148681 PMCID: PMC10802554 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical course and complications between surgical decompression and decompression with fusion in lumbar spine patients aged ≥80 years. METHODS A retrospective review of electronic medical records at a single institution was conducted between September 2005 and December 2021. Logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of complications. RESULTS Over a 16-year period, 327 patients were allocated to the decompression only group and 89 patients were allocated to the decompression and instrumented fusion group. The study had a mean follow-up duration of 36.7 ± 12.4 months. When assessing the CCI, patients of the instrumentation group had fewer comorbidities (8.9 ± .5 points vs 6.2 ± 1.5 points; P < .001), significantly longer surgical duration (290 ± 106 minutes vs 145 ±50.2 minutes; P < .001), significantly higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (791 ± 319.3 ml vs 336.1 ± 150.8 ml; P < .001), more frequent intraoperative blood transfusion (7 ± 2.1% vs 16± 18.0%; P < .001), and extended stays in the intensive care unit and hospitalization rates. Logistic regression analysis revealed that surgical duration and extent of surgery were unique risk factors for the occurrence of complications. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar decompression and additional fusion in octogenarians are considerable treatment techniques; albeit associated with increased complication risks. Prolonged operative time and extent of surgery are critical confounding factors associated with higher rates of postoperative complications. Surgery should only be performed after careful outweighing of potential benefits and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Lenga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gelo Gülec
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Awais A. Bajwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Issa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Karl Kiening
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Basem Ishak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ahn Y, Song SK. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for octogenarian patients. Front Surg 2024; 11:1324843. [PMID: 38362456 PMCID: PMC10867165 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1324843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiculopathy caused by lumbar foraminal stenosis in older people has become more common in the aging general population. However, patients aged ≥80 years rarely undergo conventional open surgery under general anesthesia because of the high risk of peri-operative morbidity and adverse events. Therefore, less invasive surgical alternatives are needed for older or medically handicapped patients. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF) under local anesthesia may be helpful in at-risk patients, although only limited information is available regarding the clinical outcomes of this procedure in octogenarians. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of TELF for treating radiculopathy induced by foraminal stenosis in octogenarian patients. Methods Overall, 32 consecutive octogenarian patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis underwent TELF between January 2019 and January 2021. The inclusion criterion was unilateral radiculopathy secondary to lumbar foraminal stenosis. The pain focus was confirmed using imaging studies and selective nerve blocks. Full-scale foraminal decompression was performed using a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic approach under local anesthesia. Surgical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog pain score, Oswestry Disability Index, and modified MacNab criteria. Results The pain scores and functional outcomes improved significantly during the 24-month follow-up period, and the rate of clinical improvement was 93.75% in 30 of the 32 patients. None of the patients experienced systemic complications. Conclusion TELF under local anesthesia is an effective and safe treatment for foraminal stenosis in octogenarian or medically compromised patients. The mid-term follow-up did not reveal any significant progression in spinal stability. Therefore, this endoscopic procedure can be an effective alternative to aggressive surgery for managing lumbar foraminal stenosis in octogenarian patients with intractable radiculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Ahn Y, Jung JH. Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Lateral Recess Decompression for Octogenarian Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38256649 PMCID: PMC10816502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of radiculopathy due to lumbar spinal stenosis has been on the increase in the aging population. However, patients aged ≥ 80 years hesitate to undergo conventional open surgery under general anesthesia because of the risk of postoperative morbidity and adverse events. Therefore, less invasive surgical alternatives are required for the elderly or medically handicapped patients. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar lateral recess decompression (TELLRD) may be helpful for those patients. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of TELLRD for treating radiculopathy in octogenarian patients. A total of 21 consecutive octogenarian patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis underwent TELLRD between January 2017 and January 2021. The inclusion criterion was unilateral radiculopathy, which stemmed from lumbar lateral recess stenosis. The pain source was verified using imaging studies and selective nerve blocks. Full-scale lateral canal decompression was performed using a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic approach under local anesthesia. We found the pain scores and functional status improved significantly during the 24-month follow-up period. The clinical improvement rate was 95.24% (20 of 21 patients) with no systemic complication. In conclusion, endoscopic lateral recess decompression via the transforaminal approach is practical for octogenarian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
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Rosner HL, Tran O, Vajdi T, Vijjeswarapu MA. Comparison analysis of safety outcomes and the rate of subsequent spinal procedures between interspinous spacer without decompression versus minimally invasive lumbar decompression. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:30-35. [PMID: 37247945 PMCID: PMC10850670 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) typically begins with conservative care and progresses to minimally invasive procedures, including interspinous spacer without decompression or fusion (ISD) or minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD). This study examined safety outcomes and the rate of subsequent spinal procedures among LSS patients receiving an ISD versus MILD as the first surgical intervention. METHODS 100% Medicare Standard Analytical Files were used to identify patients with an ISD or MILD (first procedure=index date) from 2017 to 2021. ISD and MILD patients were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching based on demographics and clinical characteristics. Safety outcomes and subsequent spinal procedures were captured from index date until end of follow-up. Cox models were used to analyze rates of subsequent surgical interventions, LSS-related interventions, open decompression, fusion, ISD, and MILD. Cox models were used to assess postoperative complications during follow-up and logistic regression to analyze life-threatening complications within 30 days of index procedure. RESULTS A total of 3682 ISD and 5499 MILD patients were identified. After matching, 3614 from each group were included in the analysis (mean age=74 years, mean follow-up=20.0 months). The risk of undergoing any intervention, LSS-related intervention, open decompression, and MILD were 21%, 28%, 21%, and 81% lower among ISD compared with MILD patients. Multivariate analyses showed no significant differences in the risk of undergoing fusion or ISD, experiencing postoperative complications, or life-threatening complications (all p≥0.241) between the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS These results showed ISD and MILD procedures have an equivalent safety profile. However, ISDs demonstrated lower rates of open decompression and MILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Rosner
- Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oth Tran
- Health Economics, Boston Scientific Corp, Valencia, California, USA
| | - Tina Vajdi
- Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary A Vijjeswarapu
- Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abel F, Garcia E, Andreeva V, Nikolaev NS, Kolisnyk S, Sarbaev R, Novikov I, Kozinchenko E, Kim J, Rusakov A, Mourad R, Lebl DR. An Artificial Intelligence-Based Support Tool for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Diagnosis from Self-Reported History Questionnaire. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e953-e962. [PMID: 37952887 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) leads to functional impairment and pain. While radiologic characterization of the morphological stenosis grade can aid in the diagnosis, it may not always correlate with patient symptoms. Artificial intelligence (AI) may diagnose symptomatic LSS in patients solely based on self-reported history questionnaires. METHODS We evaluated multiple machine learning (ML) models to determine the likelihood of LSS using a self-reported questionnaire in patients experiencing low back pain and/or numbness in the legs. The questionnaire was built from peer-reviewed literature and a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Random forest, lasso logistic regression, support vector machine, gradient boosting trees, deep neural networks, and automated machine learning models were trained and performance metrics were compared. RESULTS Data from 4827 patients (4690 patients without LSS: mean age 62.44, range 27-84 years, 62.8% females, and 137 patients with LSS: mean age 50.59, range 30-71 years, 59.9% females) were retrospectively collected. Among the evaluated models, the random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) between model prediction and LSS diagnosis of 0.96, a sensitivity of 0.94, a specificity of 0.88, a balanced accuracy of 0.91, and a Cohen's kappa of 0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ML can automate the diagnosis of LSS based on self-reported questionnaires with high accuracy. Implementation of standardized and intelligence-automated workflow may serve as a supportive diagnostic tool to streamline patient management and potentially lower health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Abel
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Vera Andreeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Nikolai S Nikolaev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Cheboksary, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Serhii Kolisnyk
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Vinnitsa National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Jack Kim
- Remedy Logic, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Raphael Mourad
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Remedy Logic, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Darren R Lebl
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Cheung ATM, Kurland DB, Neifert S, Mandelberg N, Nasir-Moin M, Laufer I, Pacione D, Lau D, Frempong-Boadu AK, Kondziolka D, Golfinos JG, Oermann EK. Developing an Automated Registry (Autoregistry) of Spine Surgery Using Natural Language Processing and Health System Scale Databases. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:1228-1234. [PMID: 37345933 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clinical registries are critical for modern surgery and underpin outcomes research, device monitoring, and trial development. However, existing approaches to registry construction are labor-intensive, costly, and prone to manual error. Natural language processing techniques combined with electronic health record (EHR) data sets can theoretically automate the construction and maintenance of registries. Our aim was to automate the generation of a spine surgery registry at an academic medical center using regular expression (regex) classifiers developed by neurosurgeons to combine domain expertise with interpretable algorithms. METHODS We used a Hadoop data lake consisting of all the information generated by an academic medical center. Using this database and structured query language queries, we retrieved every operative note written in the department of neurosurgery since our transition to EHR. Notes were parsed using regex classifiers and compared with a random subset of 100 manually reviewed notes. RESULTS A total of 31 502 operative cases were downloaded and processed using regex classifiers. The codebase required 5 days of development, 3 weeks of validation, and less than 1 hour for the software to generate the autoregistry. Regex classifiers had an average accuracy of 98.86% at identifying both spinal procedures and the relevant vertebral levels, and it correctly identified the entire list of defined surgical procedures in 89% of patients. We were able to identify patients who required additional operations within 30 days to monitor outcomes and quality metrics. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of automatically generating a spine registry using the EHR and an interpretable, customizable natural language processing algorithm which may reduce pitfalls associated with manual registry development and facilitate rapid clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Kurland
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - Sean Neifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Mustafa Nasir-Moin
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - Ilya Laufer
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - Donato Pacione
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - Darryl Lau
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - John G Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
| | - Eric Karl Oermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York , New York , USA
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York , New York , USA
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Whang PG, Tran O, Rosner HL. Longitudinal Comparative Analysis of Complications and Subsequent Interventions Following Stand-Alone Interspinous Spacers, Open Decompression, or Fusion for Lumbar Stenosis. Adv Ther 2023; 40:3512-3524. [PMID: 37289411 PMCID: PMC10329952 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), minimally invasive procedures such as an interspinous spacer device without decompression or fusion (ISD) or open surgery (i.e., open decompression or fusion) may relieve symptoms and improve functions when patients fail to respond to conservative therapies. This research compares longitudinal postoperative outcomes and rates of subsequent interventions between LSS patients treated with ISD and those with open decompression or fusion as their first surgical intervention. METHODS This retrospective, comparative claims analysis identified patients age ≥ 50 years with LSS diagnosis and with a qualifying procedure during 2017-2021 in the Medicare database which includes healthcare encounters in inpatient and outpatient settings. Patients were followed from the qualifying procedure until end of data availability. The outcomes assessed during the follow-up included subsequent surgical interventions, including subsequent fusion and lumbar spine surgeries, long-term complications, and short-term life-threatening events. Additionally, the costs to Medicare during a 3-year follow-up were calculated. Cox proportional hazards, logistic regression, and generalized linear models were used to compare outcomes and costs, adjusted for baseline characteristics. RESULTS A total of 400,685 patients who received a qualifying procedure were identified (mean age 71.5 years, 50.7% male). Compared to ISD patients, patients receiving open surgery (i.e., decompression and/or fusion) were more likely to have a subsequent fusion [hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.49 (1.17, 1.89)-2.54 (2.00, 3.23)] or other lumbar spine surgery [HR (CI): 3.05 (2.18, 4.27)-5.72 (4.08, 8.02)]. Short-term life-threatening events [odds ratio (CI): 2.42 (2.03, 2.88)-6.36 (5.33, 7.57)] and long-term complications [HR (CI): 1:31 (1.13, 1.52)-2.38 (2.05, 2.75)] were more likely among the open surgery cohorts. Adjusted mean index costs were lowest for decompression alone (US$7001) and highest for fusion alone ($33,868). ISD patients had significantly lower 1-year complication-related costs than all surgery cohorts and lower 3-year all-cause costs than fusion cohorts. CONCLUSIONS ISD resulted in lower risks of short- and long-term complications and lower long-term costs than open decompression and fusion surgeries as a first surgical intervention for LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Whang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oth Tran
- Boston Scientific Corporation, Valencia, CA, USA.
| | - Howard L Rosner
- Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Coric D, Nassr A, Kim PK, Welch WC, Robbins S, DeLuca S, Whiting D, Chahlavi A, Pirris SM, Groff MW, Chi JH, Huang JH, Kent R, Whitmore RG, Meyer SA, Arnold PM, Patel AI, Orr RD, Krishnaney A, Boltes P, Anekstein Y, Steinmetz MP. Prospective, randomized controlled multicenter study of posterior lumbar facet arthroplasty for the treatment of spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 2023; 38:115-125. [PMID: 36152329 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.spine22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a posterior facet replacement device, the Total Posterior Spine (TOPS) System, for the treatment of one-level symptomatic lumbar stenosis with grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis. Posterior lumbar arthroplasty with facet replacement is a motion-preserving alternative to lumbar decompression and fusion. The authors report the preliminary results from the TOPS FDA investigational device exemption (IDE) trial. METHODS The study was a prospective, randomized controlled FDA IDE trial comparing the investigational TOPS device with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and pedicle screw fixation. The minimum follow-up duration was 24 months. Validated patient-reported outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. The primary outcome was a composite measure of clinical success: 1) no reoperations, 2) no device breakage, 3) ODI reduction of ≥ 15 points, and 4) no new or worsening neurological deficit. Patients were considered a clinical success only if they met all four measures. Radiographic assessments were made by an independent core laboratory. RESULTS A total of 249 patients were evaluated (n = 170 in the TOPS group and n = 79 in the TLIF group). There were no statistically significant differences between implanted levels (L4-5: TOPS, 95% and TLIF, 95%) or blood loss. The overall composite measure for clinical success was statistically significantly higher in the TOPS group (85%) compared with the TLIF group (64%) (p = 0.0138). The percentage of patients reporting a minimum 15-point improvement in ODI showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.037) favoring TOPS (93%) over TLIF (81%). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the percentage of patients reporting a minimum 20-point improvement on VAS back pain (TOPS, 87%; TLIF, 64%) and leg pain (TOPS, 90%; TLIF, 88%) scores. The rate of surgical reintervention for facet replacement in the TOPS group (5.9%) was lower than the TLIF group (8.8%). The TOPS cohort demonstrated maintenance of flexion/extension range of motion from preoperatively (3.85°) to 24 months (3.86°). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that posterior lumbar decompression and dynamic stabilization with the TOPS device is safe and efficacious in the treatment of lumbar stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Additionally, decompression and dynamic stabilization with the TOPS device maintains segmental motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Coric
- 1Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, SpineFirst, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Ahmad Nassr
- 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul K Kim
- 1Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, SpineFirst, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - William C Welch
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Steven DeLuca
- 6Orthopedic Institute of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald Whiting
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Chahlavi
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension St. Vincent, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Stephen M Pirris
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension St. Vincent, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Michael W Groff
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John H Chi
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason H Huang
- 10Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, Texas
| | | | - Robert G Whitmore
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Meyer
- 13Department of Neurosurgery, Altair Health Spine, Morristown, New Jersey
| | | | | | - R Douglas Orr
- 16Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Ajit Krishnaney
- 16Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Peggy Boltes
- 1Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, SpineFirst, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Yoram Anekstein
- 17Department of Orthopaedics, Sackler School of Medical of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael P Steinmetz
- 16Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; and
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Turcotte JJ, King PJ, Patton CM. Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis: A Risk Factor for Mental Health Disorders, Prolonged Opioid Use, and Increased Resource Utilization After Single-Level Lumbar Spinal Fusion. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2022; 6:e21.00280. [PMID: 35303736 PMCID: PMC8932478 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-21-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined the effect of hip or knee osteoarthritis, together described as lower extremity osteoarthritis (LEOA) on patient outcomes after lumbar fusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of LEOA on postoperative outcomes and resource utilization in patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion. METHODS Using a national deidentified database, TriNetX, a retrospective observational study of 17,289 patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion with or without a history of LEOA before September 1, 2019, was conducted. The no-LEOA and LEOA groups were propensity score matched, and 2-year outcomes were compared using univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 2289 patients with no differences in demographics or comorbidities remained in each group. No differences in the rate of repeat lumbar surgery were observed between groups (all P > 0.30). In comparison with patients with no LEOA, patients with LEOA experienced higher rates of overall and new onset depression or anxiety, prolonged opioid use, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and ambulatory visits over the 2-year postoperative period (all P < 0.02). CONCLUSION Patients with LEOA undergoing single-level lumbar fusion surgery are at higher risk for suboptimal outcomes and increased resource utilization postoperatively. This complex population may benefit from additional individualized education and multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Turcotte
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, MD
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Moayeri N, Rampersaud YR. Revision surgery following minimally invasive decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis with and without stable degenerative spondylolisthesis: a 5- to 15-year reoperation survival analysis. J Neurosurg Spine 2021:1-7. [PMID: 34678770 DOI: 10.3171/2021.6.spine2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive decompression (MID) is an effective procedure for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Long-term follow-up data on reoperation rates are lacking. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate reoperation rates in patients with LSS who underwent MID, stratified for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS), with a follow-up between 5 and 15 years. METHODS All consecutive patients with LSS who underwent MID between 2002 and 2011 were included. All patients had neurogenic claudication from central and/or lateral recess stenosis, without or with up to 25% of slippage (grade I spondylolisthesis), and no obvious dynamic instability on imaging (increase in spondylolisthesis by ≥ 5 mm demonstrated on supine-to-standing or flexion-extension imaging). Reoperation rates defined as any operation on the same or adjacent level were assessed. Revision decompression alone was considered if the aforementioned clinical and radiographic criteria were met; otherwise, patients underwent a minimally invasive posterior fusion. RESULTS A total of 246 patients (mean age 66 years) were included. Preoperative spondylolisthesis was present in 56.9%. The mean follow-up period was 8.2 years (range 5.0-14.9 years). The reoperation rates in patients with and without spondylolisthesis were 15.7% and 15.1%, respectively; fusion was required in 7.1% and 7.5%, with no significant difference (redecompression only, p = 0.954; fusion, p = 0.546). For decompression only, the mean times to reoperation were 3.9 years (95% CI 1.8-6.0 years) for patients with DLS and 2.8 years (95% CI 1.3-4.2 years) for patients without DLS; for fusion, the mean times to reoperation were 3.1 years (95% CI 1.0-5.3 years) and 3.1 years (95% CI 1.1-5.1 years), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In highly selected patients with stable DLS and leg-dominant pain from central or lateral recess stenosis, the long-term reoperation rate is similar between DLS and non-DLS patients undergoing MIS decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Moayeri
- 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Raja Rampersaud
- 2J. Bernard Gosevitz Chair in Arthritis Research at UHN, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto; and.,3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Elsamadicy AA, Freedman IG, Koo AB, David W, Hengartner AC, Havlik J, Reeves BC, Hersh A, Pennington Z, Kolb L, Laurans M, Shin JH, Sciubba DM. Patient- and hospital-related risk factors for non-routine discharge after lumbar decompression and fusion for spondylolisthesis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 209:106902. [PMID: 34481141 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In various spinal surgeries, non-routine discharges have been associated with inferior outcomes. However, there exists a paucity of data regarding the relationship between non-routine discharge and quality of care among patients with spondylolisthesis. The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors for non-routine discharge following spinal decompression and fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2010 through 2016. Adult patients (≥18 years old) who underwent spinal decompression and fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedural coding systems. The study population was divided into two cohorts based on discharge disposition: routine (RD) and non-routine discharge (NRD). Patient demographics, comorbidities, adverse events, LOS, reoperation, and readmission were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent predictors of non-home discharge and 30-day unplanned readmission. RESULTS A total of 5252 patients were identified, of which 4316 (82.2%) had a RD and 936 (18.8%) had a NRD. The NRD cohort tended to be older (p < 0.001) and have a higher BMI (p < 0.001). Patients who experienced a NRD had a longer LOS (NRD: 4.7 ± 3.7 days vs RD: 3.1 ± 2.0 days, p < 0.001), a higher proportion of adverse events (p < 0.001), higher rates of reoperation (p = 0.005) and unplanned 30-day readmission rates (p < 0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, age [OR: 1.08, 95% CI (1.06-1.10), p < 0.001], female sex [OR: 2.01, 95% (1.51-2.69), p < 0.001], non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity [OR: 2.10, 95% CI (1.36-3.24), p = 0.001], BMI [OR: 1.03, 95% CI (1.01-1.05), p = 0.007], dependent functional status [OR: 3.33, 95% CI (1.59 - 6.99), p = 0.001], malnourishment [OR: 2.14, 95% CI (1.27-3.62), p = 0.005], and LOS [OR: 1.26, 95% CI (1.18-1.33), p < 0.001] were all independent predictors for NRD. However, NRD did not independently predict an unplanned 30-day readmission on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In our study we found that on univariate analysis NRD was associated with increased adverse events, length of stay and 30-day unplanned readmission. When controlling for patient- and hospital-related factors, we found that female sex, non-Hispanic Black race, BMI, dependent functional status, malnourishment and longer LOS were independently associated with NRD. However, NRD did not independently predict an unplanned 30-day readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Isaac G Freedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew B Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wyatt David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Astrid C Hengartner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Havlik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luis Kolb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxwell Laurans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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13
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Peterson KA, Zehri AH, Lee KE, Kittel CA, Evans JK, Wilson JL, Hsu W. Current trends in incidence, characteristics, and surgical management of metastatic breast cancer to the spine: A National Inpatient Sample analysis from 2005 to 2014. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 91:99-104. [PMID: 34373068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Management of metastatic breast cancer to the spine (MBCS) incorporates a multimodal approach. Improvement in screening and nonsurgical therapies may alter the trends in surgical management of MBCS. The objective of this study is to assess trends in surgical management of MBCS and short-term outcomes based on the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The NIS database was queried for patients with MBCS who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2014. The weighted frequencies of spinal decompression alone, spinal stabilization +/- decompression, and vertebral augmentation were calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the effect of patient characteristics on outcomes stratified by procedure. The most common procedure performed was vertebral augmentation (11,114, 53.4%), followed by stabilization +/- decompression (6,906, 33.2%) and then decompression alone (3,312, 13.4%). The total population-adjusted rate of surgical management for MBCS remained stable, while the rate of spinal stabilization increased (P < 0.001) and vertebral augmentation decreased (p < 0.003). The risk of complication increased with spinal stabilization and decompression compared to vertebral augmentation procedures in those with fewer comorbidities. This relative increase in risk abated in patients with higher numbers of pre-operative comorbidities. Any single complication was associated with increases in length of stay, cost, and mortality. The rate of in-hospital interventions remained stable over the study period. Stratified by procedure, the rate of stabilizations increased with a concomitant decrease in vertebral augmentations, which suggests that patients who require hospitalization for MBCS are becoming more likely to represent advanced cases that are not amenable to palliative vertebral augmentation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan A Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aqib H Zehri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katriel E Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Kittel
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joni K Evans
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wilson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wesley Hsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Borni M, Belmabrouk H, Kammoun B, Boudawara MZ. Evaluation of functional outcomes of lumbar and lumbosacral isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis treated surgically. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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Patel VV, Billys J, Okonkwo DO, He DY, Ryaby JT, Radcliff K. Three- and 4-Level Lumbar Arthrodesis Using Adjunctive Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation: A Multicenter Retrospective Evaluation of Fusion Rates and a Review of the Literature. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15:228-233. [PMID: 33900979 DOI: 10.14444/8031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of 3- and 4-level lumbar arthrodesis is rising due to an aging population, and fusion rates affect clinical success in this population. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is used as an adjunct to increase fusion rates following multilevel arthrodesis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the fusion rates for subjects who underwent 3- and 4-level lumbar interbody arthrodesis following PEMF treatment. METHODS In this retrospective, multicenter study, patient charts that listed 3- or 4-level lumbar arthrodesis with adjunctive use of a PEMF device were evaluated. Inclusion criteria included patients who were diagnosed with lumbar degenerative disease, spinal stenosis, and/or spondylolisthesis (grade 1 or 2). A radiographic evaluation of fusion status was performed at 12 months by the treating physicians. Fusion rates were stratified by graft material, surgical interbody approach, and certain clinical risk factors for pseudoarthrosis. RESULTS A total of 55 patients were identified who had a 12-month follow-up. The radiographic fusion rate was 92.7% (51 patients) at 12 months. There were no significant differences in fusion rates for patients treated with allograft or autograft, for patients with different interbody approaches, or for those with or without certain clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS With modern fusion techniques and PEMF, the overall fusion rate was high following 3- and 4-level lumbar arthrodesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PEMF may be a useful adjunct for treatment of patients with surgical risk factors, such as multilevel arthrodesis, and clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas V Patel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - David Y He
- Analytical Solutions Group, Inc, North Potomac, Maryland
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Lee NJ, Mathew J, Kim JS, Lombardi JM, Vivas AC, Reidler J, Zuckerman SL, Park PJ, Leung E, Cerpa M, Weidenbaum M, Lenke LG, Lehman RA, Sardar ZM. Flexion-extension standing radiographs underestimate instability in patients with single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis: comparing flexion-supine imaging may be more appropriate. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY (HONG KONG) 2021; 7:48-54. [PMID: 33834127 PMCID: PMC8024755 DOI: 10.21037/jss-20-631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, most spine surgeons agree that increased segmental motion viewed on flexion-extension radiographs is a reliable predictor of instability; however, these views can be limited in several ways and may underestimate the instability at a given lumbar segment. METHODS Consecutively collected adult (≥18 years old) patients with symptomatic single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis were reviewed from a two-surgeon database from 2015 to 2019. Routine standing lumbar X-rays (neutral, flexion, extension) and supine lumbar MRI (sagittal T2-weighted imaging sequence) were performed. Patients were excluded if they had prior lumbar surgery, missing radiographic data, or if the time between X-rays and MRI was >6 months. RESULTS All 39 patients with symptomatic, single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis were identified. The mean age was 57.3±16.7 years and 66% were female. There was good intra- and inter-rater reliability agreement between measured values on the presence of instability. The slip percentage (SP) difference was significantly highest in the flexion-supine (FS) (5.7 mm, 12.3%) and neutral standing-supine (NS) (4.3 mm, 8.7%) groups, both of which were significantly higher compared with the flexion-extension (FE) group (1.8 mm, 4.5%, P<0.001). Ventral instability based on SP >8% was observed more frequently in FS (79.5%) and NS (52.6%) groups compared with FE group (16.7%, P<0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between SP and disc angle for all radiographic views. CONCLUSIONS Comparing standing lateral and flexion X-rays with supine MRIs provides higher sensitivity to assess instability than standard flexion-extension radiographs. The FS and NS comparisons also show greater slip percentage differences at higher slip grades, but not at different lumbar levels. These changes are not dependent on age or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Mathew
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun S Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Lombardi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew C Vivas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay Reidler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott L Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Cerpa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Weidenbaum
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lenke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A Lehman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeeshan M Sardar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
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Comparison Between Fusion and Non-Fusion Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-analysis. Adv Ther 2021; 38:1404-1414. [PMID: 33491158 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large number of studies have shown that, for severe lumbar spinal stenosis, decompression surgery can often obtain better results than non-surgical treatment. However, whether the lumbar spine is fixed after decompression is still controversial. The results of biomechanical studies indicate that there is a correlation between the range of decompression and postoperative spinal instability. METHODS The multiple databases like Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases and China National Knowledge database were used to search for the relevant studies, and full-text articles involved in the evaluation of fusion and nonfusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Review Manager 5.2 was adopted to estimate the effects of the results among selected articles. Forest plots, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis for the articles included were also conducted. RESULTS A total of nine relevant studies were eventually satisfied the included criteria. There were significant differences in length of stay [mean difference (MD) = 3.04, 95% CI (2.00, 4.08), P < 0.000]1), but there were no differences in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI score) [MD = - 1.14, 95% CI (- 2.92, 0.63), P = 0.21; I2 = 87%] and complications [RR = 1 with 95% CI (0.69, 1.46), P value of overall effect was 0.98]. The study was robust and limited publication bias was observed in this study. CONCLUSION Our research supported that fusion and nonfusion surgeries had no differences in clinical effects and complications for lumbar spinal stenosis, while fusion surgery involved a longer length of stay than nonfusion surgery.
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Grinberg SZ, Simon RB, Dowe C, Brecevich AT, Cammisa FP, Abjornson C. Interlaminar stabilization for spinal stenosis in the Medicare population. Spine J 2020; 20:1948-1959. [PMID: 32659365 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The number of complex fusions performed on Medicare beneficiaries, defined as ≥age 65, with lumbar spinal stenosis with or without spondylolisthesis has been increasing. Typically, these procedures are longer, more invasive and pose a greater risk for complications. Interlaminar stabilization (ILS) serves as an intermediary between decompression alone and decompression with fusion. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the efficacy of ILS in patients ≥age 65 through comparison to fusion in the same age group and ILS in younger patients. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A prospective, multicentered, randomized controlled trial comparing decompression with ILS to decompression with posterolateral fusion with bilateral pedicle screw instrumentation. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients from 21 sites in the United States underwent surgery for moderate stenosis with up to a grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis and failure of conservative treatment with low back pain at 1 or 2 contiguous levels from L1-L5. Preoperatively, patient-reported assessment had to meet the criteria of significant pain and disability (Visual Analog Scale [VAS back pain] ≥50 mm on a 100 mm scale; Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] of ≥20/50). OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was overall Composite Clinical Success (CCS) as determined by ODI scores, incidence of postoperative epidural injections and/or reoperations, incidence of device-related complications, and persistent or progressive neurological deficit. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction as measured by VAS for back and worse leg pain and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire scores. Narcotic usage data and radiographic assessment of changes in postoperative posterior disc height and foraminal height were also evaluated. METHODS At 1- or 2-levels, 84 patients ≥age 65 underwent decompression with ILS, 57 patients ≥age 65 underwent decompression with fusion, and 131 patients <age 65 underwent decompression with ILS. Comparisons were made between ≥age 65 ILS patients and ≥age 65 fusion patients and between <age 65 and ≥age 65 ILS patients. The patients were assessed before and after surgery at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 60 months. RESULTS At 24 and 60 months, there were no statistically significant differences in CCS or any of the individual components of CCS between the ≥ age 65 ILS and fusion groups or between the < age 65 and ≥ age 65 ILS groups. ILS Medicare patients experienced significantly shorter surgeries (p<.001), less blood loss (p<.001), and a shorter hospital stay (p<.001) than fusion patients. There were no significant differences radiographically or with regards to postoperative narcotic usage. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, ILS patients ≥age 65 performed as well as both those receiving fusion and those <age 65 who received ILS. Importantly, however, for this older population, ILS Medicare patients experienced less blood loss, a shorter operation and shorter hospital stay than fusion Medicare patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Z Grinberg
- Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rachel Beth Simon
- Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christina Dowe
- Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Antonio T Brecevich
- Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Chief Emeritus, Spinal Surgical Service, Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Celeste Abjornson
- Director of Spine Research, Integrated Spine Research Program, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Jain S, Deer T, Sayed D, Chopra P, Wahezi S, Jassal N, Weisbein J, Jameson J, Malinowski M, Golovac S. Minimally invasive lumbar decompression: a review of indications, techniques, efficacy and safety. Pain Manag 2020; 10:331-348. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common degenerative spine condition. In properly selected patients, minimally invasive lumbar decompression ( mild®) may be an option to improve outcomes. This review provides an in-depth description of the mild procedure and a comprehensive examination of safety and efficacy. Two randomized controlled trials, together with 11 other controlled clinical studies, have established the efficacy of mild, which is a minimally invasive procedure that does not involve implants and has demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety. With an established safety profile equivalent to epidural steroid injections, and efficacy that has been shown to be superior to such injections, mild can reasonably be positioned early in the treatment algorithm for these patients. Based on extensive review of the literature, robust safety and efficacy through 2 years, and in accordance with minimally invasive spine treatment guidelines, mild is recommended as the first intervention after failure of conservative measures for lumbar spinal stenosis patients with neurogenic claudication and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jain
- Pain Treatment Centers of America, Little Rock, AR 72211, USA
| | - Timothy Deer
- The Spine & Nerve Center of The Virginias, Charleston, WV 25301, USA
| | - Dawood Sayed
- University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Pooja Chopra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sayed Wahezi
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Navdeep Jassal
- Spine & Pain Institute of Florida, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
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Diagnostic tests in the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: Consensus and Results of an International Delphi Study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020; 29:2188-2197. [PMID: 32519030 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reach a consensus on which diagnostic tests are most important in confirming the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). METHODS Phase 1: 22 members of the International Taskforce on the Diagnosis and Management of LSS confirmed 35 diagnostic items. An on-line survey was developed that allows experts to express the logical order in which they consider the diagnostic tests, and the level of certainty ascertained from each test. Phase 2, Round 1: Survey distributed to members of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Round 2: Meeting of 15 members of Taskforce defined final list of 10 items. Round 3: Survey was distributed internationally, followed by Taskforce consensus. RESULTS Totally, 432 clinicians from 28 different countries participated. Certainty of the diagnosis was 60% after selecting the first test and significant change in certainty ceasing after eight items at 90.8% certainty (p < 0.05). The most frequently selected tests included MRI/CT scan, neurological examination and walking test with gait observation. The diagnostic test selected most frequently as the first test was neurological examination. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to reach an international consensus on which diagnostic tests should be used in the clinical diagnosis of LSS. The final recommendation includes three core diagnostic items: neurological examination, MRI/CT and walking test with gait observation. The Taskforce also recommends 3 'rule out' tests: foot pulses/ABI, hip examination and test for cervical myelopathy. If applied, this core set of diagnostic tests can standardize outcomes and improve clinical care of LSS globally.
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Deer T, Sayed D, Michels J, Josephson Y, Li S, Calodney AK. A Review of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Intermittent Neurogenic Claudication: Disease and Diagnosis. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:S32-S44. [PMID: 31808530 PMCID: PMC7101166 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative spinal condition affecting nearly 50% of patients presenting with lower back pain. The goal of this review is to present and summarize the current data on how LSS presents in various populations, how it is diagnosed, and current therapeutic strategies. Properly understanding the prevalence, presentation, and treatment options for individuals suffering from LSS is critical to providing patients the best possible care. Results The occurrence of LSS is associated with advanced age. In elderly patients, LSS can be challenging to identify due to the wide variety of presentation subtleties and common comorbidities such as degenerative disc disease. Recent developments in imaging techniques can be useful in accurately identifying the precise location of the spinal compression. Treatment options can range from conservative to surgical, with the latter being reserved for when patients have neurological compromise or conservative measures have failed. Once warranted, there are several surgical techniques at the physician’s disposal to best treat each individual case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Deer
- The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Dawood Sayed
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | - Sean Li
- Premier Pain Centers, Shrewsbury, New Jersey
| | - Aaron K Calodney
- Precision Spine Care, Texas Spine and Joint Hospital, Tyler, Texas, USA
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Gala RJ, Ottesen TD, Kahan JB, Varthi AG, Grauer JN. Perioperative adverse events after different fusion approaches for single-level lumbar spondylosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:100005. [PMID: 35141578 PMCID: PMC8820031 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Low back pain from lumbar spondylosis affects a large proportion of the population. In select cases, lumbar fusion may be considered. However, cohort studies have not shown clear differences in long-term outcomes between PSF, TLIF, ALIF, and AP fusion. Thus, differences in perioperative complications might affect choice between these procedures for the given diagnosis. The current study seeks to compare perioperative adverse events for patients with lumbar spondylosis treated with single-level: posterior spinal fusion (PSF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), or combined anterior and posterior lumbar fusion (AP fusion). Methods Patients with a diagnosis of lumbar spondylosis who underwent single-level lumbar fusion without decompression were identified in the 2010-2016 National Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were categorized based on their procedure (PSF, TLIF, ALIF, or AP fusion). Unadjusted Fisher's exact and Pearson's chi-squared tests were used to compare demographics and comorbid factors. Analysis was secondarily done with propensity score matching to address potential differences in patient selection between the study cohorts. Results In total, 1816 patients were identified: PSF n=322, TLIF n=800, ALIF n=460, AP fusion n=234. The procedures did not have different thirty-day individual or aggregated (any, serious, minor, or infection) adverse events. Further, propensity score matched analysis also revealed no differences in individual or aggregated thirty-day perioperative events. Conclusion The current study demonstrates a lack of difference in thirty-day perioperative adverse events for different fusion procedures performed for lumbar spondylosis, consistent with prior longer-term outcome studies. These findings suggest that patient/surgeon preference and other factors not captured here should be considered to determine the best surgical technique for the select patients with the given diagnosis who are considered for lumbar fusion. Summary Sentence Using the NSQIP 2010-2016 databases, this study showed that perioperative adverse events were similar for different surgical approaches of single-level fusion for single-level lumbar spondylosis.
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Liu Y, Dash A, Krez A, Kim HJ, Cunningham M, Schwab F, Hughes A, Carlson B, Samuel A, Marty E, Moore H, McMahon DJ, Carrino JA, Bockman RS, Stein EM. Low volumetric bone density is a risk factor for early complications after spine fusion surgery. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:647-654. [PMID: 31919536 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aims to investigate lumbar spine (LS) volumetric bone density (vBMD) as a risk factor for complications (pseudoarthrosis, instrumentation failure, adjacent fractures), re-operation, and time to complication after fusion. INTRODUCTION Lumbar spine (LS) fusion surgery is increasingly performed worldwide. Complications after fusion result in significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Multiple factors, including osteoporosis, have been suggested to contribute to risk of complications and re-operation. However, most studies have used DXA, which is subject to artifact in patients with spine pathology, and none have investigated the relationship between BMD and timing of post-operative complications. This study aims to investigate LS volumetric bone density (vBMD) as a risk factor for complications (pseudoarthrosis, instrumentation failure, adjacent fractures), re-operation, and time to complication after fusion. METHODS We evaluated a cohort of 359 patients who had initial LS fusion surgery at our institution, had pre-operative LS CTs and post-operative imaging available for review. Demographic factors, smoking status, vBMD, and details of surgical procedure were related to likelihood and timing of post-operative complications. RESULTS Mean age was 60 ± 14 years, vBMD 122 ± 37 g/cm3. Median follow-up was 11 months. Skeletal complications occurred in 47 patients (13%); 34 patients (10%) required re-operation. Low vBMD (directly measured and estimated using HU) and smoking were associated with increased risk of skeletal complications. Each increase in baseline vBMD of 10 g/cm3 decreased the complication hazard and increased the complication-free duration in time-to-event analysis (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.98, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Low vBMD was a significant risk factor for early post-operative complications in patients undergoing LS fusion. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the optimal timing for follow-up and strategies for prevention of post-operative complications in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - A Dash
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Krez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cunningham
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Schwab
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Hughes
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Carlson
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - A Samuel
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Marty
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Moore
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - D J McMahon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Carrino
- Department of Radiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - R S Bockman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - E M Stein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA.
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Does increasing age impact clinical and radiographic outcomes following lumbar spinal fusion? Spine J 2020; 20:563-571. [PMID: 31731010 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Despite the growing senior population within the United States, there is a lack of consensus regarding the safety and efficacy of performing lumbar spinal fusion for this population. PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes in different age cohorts following lumbar spinal fusion. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. PATIENT SAMPLE Analysis of 1,184 patients who underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion from 2011 to 2018. Surgery was indicated after failure of conservative treatment to address radiculopathy and/or neurogenic claudication. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age at the time of surgery, had a lumbar fracture, tumor, or infection, or had fusions involving the thoracic spine, high-grade spondylolisthesis, or concomitant deformity. Of the 1,184 patients, 850 patients were included. Patients were divided into three roughly equal groups for analysis: young (18-54 years), middle-aged (55-69 years), and senior (≥70 years). OUTCOME MEASURES Visual Analog Scale Back/Leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected, and achievement of minimal clinically important difference was evaluated. Lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), and PI-LL difference were measured on radiographs. Rates of postoperative complications were analyzed. METHODS Several radiographic parameters were measured using plain radiographs obtained at preoperative, immediately postoperative (standing radiographs performed on postoperative day 1), and most recent follow-up visits. Preoperative and final patient-reported outcomes, along with demographic information, were obtained all patients. Binary outcome variables were compared between groups with multivariate logistic regression, and continuous outcome variables were compared using multivariate linear regression, with age 18 to 54 years used as the reference. Multivariate regressions were used to compare outcomes between cohorts while controlling baseline characteristics. RESULTS A total of 850 patients were included; 330 young (38.80%), 317 middle-aged (37.30%), and 203 senior (23.90%). Seniors had higher postoperative length of stay compared to younger patients (p<.001). Younger patients had worse final ODI scores compared to middle-aged patients (p=.002). Seniors had higher rates of proximal ASD (p=.002) compared to young patients. There was no difference in achievement of minimal clinically important differences (MCID) between all three groups. CONCLUSIONS Senior patients have significant improvement in patient-reported clinical outcomes, despite having greater comorbidities, and longer length of stay. However, given a general lack of achievement of MCID across all cohorts, these findings suggest the need for a critical re-evaluation of the role of lumbar spinal fusion in the management of patients with refractory radiculopathic and/or neurogenic claudication symptoms.
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Demir-Deviren S, Ozcan-Eksi EE, Sencan S, Cil H, Berven S. Comprehensive non-surgical treatment decreased the need for spine surgery in patients with spondylolisthesis: Three-year results. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 32:701-706. [PMID: 30664502 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical treatment is the primary approach to degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine and may involve multiple modalities. There is little literature to guide an evidence-based approach to care. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of CNT (comprehensive non-surgical treatment) in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis (SS), and to identify predictor variables for success of CNT in avoiding surgery. METHODS All patients who underwent CNT for spondylolisthesis (n: 203) were included. CNT consisted of patient education, pain control with transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFEs) and/or medications, and exercise programs. RESULTS Surgical and non-surgical patients were similar in age, smoking status, comorbidity scores, facet joint widening, and translation of spondylolisthesis. After CNT, only 21.6% of patients with DS and 31.3% of patients with SS chose to have surgery in 3-years follow-up. The non-surgical group reported significantly better pain relief (73.6% vs 55%) after TFEs for a longer period (152.8 vs 45.6 days) and lower opioid use than the surgical group (28.2% vs 55.3%). CONCLUSIONS CNT is effective in spondylolisthesis and more successful in DS than SS. CNT may decrease the need for surgery, particularly in patients who report pain relief greater than 70% for average five months after TFEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Demir-Deviren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Spine Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emel E Ozcan-Eksi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Spine Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Savas Sencan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pain Management, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hemra Cil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Spine Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sigurd Berven
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Spine Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fischgrund JS, Rhyne A, Franke J, Sasso R, Kitchel S, Bae H, Yeung C, Truumees E, Schaufele M, Yuan P, Vajkoczy P, Depalma M, Anderson DG, Thibodeau L, Meyer B. Intraosseous Basivertebral Nerve Ablation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: 2-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Multicenter Study. Int J Spine Surg 2019; 13:110-119. [PMID: 31131209 DOI: 10.14444/6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study is to report the 2-year clinical outcomes for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the basivertebral nerve (BVN) in a randomized controlled trial that previously reported 1-year follow up. Methods A total of 147 patients were treated with RF ablation of the BVN in a randomized controlled trial designed to demonstrate safety and efficacy as part of a Food and Drug Administration-Investigational Device Exemption trial. Evaluations, including patient self-assessments, physical and neurological examinations, and safety assessments, were performed at 2 and 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Participants randomized to the sham control arm were allowed to cross to RF ablation at 12 months. Due to a high rate of crossover, RF ablation treated participants acted as their own control in a comparison to baseline for the 24-month outcomes. Results Clinical improvements in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Medical Outcomes Trust Short-Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary were statistically significant compared to baseline at all follow-up time points through 2 years. The mean percent improvements in ODI and VAS compared to baseline at 2 years were 53.7 and 52.9%, respectively. Responder rates for ODI and VAS were also maintained through 2 years with patients showing clinically meaningful improvements in both: ODI ≥ 10-point improvement in 76.4% of patients and ODI ≥ 20-point improvement in 57.5%; VAS ≥ 1.5 cm improvement in 70.2% of patients. Conclusions Patients treated with RF ablation of the BVN for CLBP exhibited sustained clinical benefits in ODI and VAS and maintained high responder rates at 2 years following treatment. Basivertebral nerve ablation appears to be a durable, minimally invasive treatment for the relief of CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Fischgrund
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Alfred Rhyne
- OrthoCarolina Spine Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jörg Franke
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine and Pediatric Orthopedics, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rick Sasso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Hyun Bae
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Eeric Truumees
- Seton Brain & Spine Institute, Department of Surgery, Dell Medical School, Seton Spine & Scoliosis Center, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Philip Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosugery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Campus, Virchow Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David G Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bernhard Meyer
- Direktor der Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Predictive Model for Medical and Surgical Readmissions Following Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A National Study of 33,674 Patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:588-600. [PMID: 30247371 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This study retrospectively analyzes prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE Here we aim to develop predictive models for 3-month medical and surgical readmission after elective lumbar surgery, based on a multi-institutional, national spine registry. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Unplanned readmissions place considerable stress on payers, hospitals, and patients. Medicare data reveals a 30-day readmission rate of 7.8% for lumbar-decompressions and 13.0% for lumbar-fusions, and hospitals are now being penalized for excessive 30-day readmission rates by virtue of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. METHODS The Quality and Outcomes Database (QOD) was queried for patients undergoing elective lumbar surgery for degenerative diseases. The QOD prospectively captures 3-month readmissions through electronic medical record (EMR) review and self-reported outcome questionnaires. Distinct multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for surgery-related and medical readmissions adjusting for patient and surgery-specific variables. RESULTS Of the total 33,674 patients included in this study 2079 (6.15%) reported at least one readmission during the 90-day postoperative period. The odds of medical readmission were significantly higher for older patients, males versus females, African Americans versus Caucasion, those with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, diabetes, coronary artery disease, higher numbers of involved levels, anterior only or anterior-posterior versus posterior approach; also, for patients who were unemployed compared with employed patients and those with high baseline Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The odds of surgery-related readmission were significantly greater for patients with a higher body mass index (BMI), a higher ASA grade, female versus male, and African Americans versus Caucasians; also, for patients with severe depression, more involved spinal levels, anterior-only surgical approaches and higher baseline ODI scores. CONCLUSION In this study we present internally validated predictive models for medical and surgical readmission after elective lumbar spine surgery. These findings set the stage for targeted interventions with a potential to reduce unnecessary readmissions, and also suggest that medical and surgical readmissions be treated as distinct clinical events. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Trends in Lumbar Fusion Procedure Rates and Associated Hospital Costs for Degenerative Spinal Diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:369-376. [PMID: 30074971 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Analysis of National Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2004 to 2015. OBJECTIVE Describe recent trends in US rates of lumbar fusion procedures and associated costs, by surgical indication. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spinal fusion is appropriate for spinal deformity and instability, but evidence of effectiveness is limited for primary disc herniation and spinal stenosis without instability. It remains controversial for treatment of axial pain secondary to degenerative disc disease. There are potential non-instability, non-deformity indications for fusion surgery, including but not limited to severe foraminal stenosis and third-time disc herniation. METHODS Elective lumber fusion trends were reported using Poisson regression, grouped by indication as degenerative scoliosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, and disc degeneration. Generalize linear regression was used to estimate trends in hospital costs, adjusted for age, sex, indication, comorbidity, and inflation. RESULTS Volume of elective lumbar fusion increased 62.3% (or 32.1% per 100,000 US adults), from 122,679 cases (60.4 per 100,000) in 2004 to 199,140 (79.8 per 100,000) in 2015. Increases were greatest among age 65 or older, increasing 138.7% by volume (73.2% by rate), from 98.3 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.2, 99.3) in 2004 to 170.3 (95% CI 169.2, 171.5) in 2015. Although the largest increases were for spondylolisthesis (+47,390 operations, 111%) and scoliosis (+16,129 operations, 186.6%), disc degeneration, herniation, and stenosis combined to accounted for 42.3% of total elective lumbar fusions in 2015. Aggregate hospital costs increased 177% during these 12 years, exceeding $10 billion in 2015, and averaging more than $50,000 per admission. CONCLUSION While the prevalence of spinal pathologies is not known, the rate of elective lumbar fusion surgery in the United States increased most for spondylolisthesis and scoliosis, indications with relatively good evidence of effectiveness. The proportion of fusions coded for indications with less evidence of effectiveness has slightly decreased in the most recent years. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Is There a “Sex Effect” in 30-Day Outcomes After Elective Posterior Lumbar Fusions? World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e428-e433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Staats PS, Chafin TB, Golovac S, Kim CK, Li S, Richardson WB, Vallejo R, Wahezi SE, Washabaugh EP, Benyamin RM. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression Procedure for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis With Neurogenic Claudication: 2-Year Results of MiDAS ENCORE. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43:789-794. [PMID: 30199512 PMCID: PMC6319572 DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the long-term durability of the minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD) procedure in terms of functional improvement and pain reduction for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication due to hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. This is a report of 2-year follow-up for MILD study patients. METHODS This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical study compared outcomes for 143 patients treated with MILD versus 131 treated with epidural steroid injections. Follow-up occurred at 6 months and at 1 year for the randomized phase and at 2 years for MILD subjects only. Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire were used to evaluate function and pain. Safety was evaluated by assessing incidence of device-/procedure-related adverse events. RESULTS All outcome measures demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement from baseline through 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups. At 2 years, Oswestry Disability Index improved by 22.7 points, Numeric Pain Rating Scale improved by 3.6 points, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire symptom severity and physical function domains improved by 1.0 and 0.8 points, respectively. There were no serious device-/procedure-related adverse events, and 1.3% experienced a device-/procedure-related adverse event. CONCLUSIONS MILD showed excellent long-term durability, and there was no evidence of spinal instability through 2-year follow-up. Reoperation and spinal fracture rates are lower, and safety is higher for MILD versus other lumbar spine interventions, including interspinous spacers, surgical decompression, and spinal fusion. Given the minimally invasive nature of this procedure, its robust success rate, and durability of outcomes, MILD is an excellent choice for first-line therapy for select patients with central spinal stenosis suffering from neurogenic claudication symptoms with hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02093520.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy B. Chafin
- Department of Pain Management and Rehabilitation Medicine, Vidant Roanoke-Chowan Hospital, Ahoskie, NC
| | | | | | - Sean Li
- Premier Pain Centers, Shrewsbury, NJ
| | | | | | - Sayed E. Wahezi
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; and
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Kha ST, Ilyas H, Tanenbaum JE, Benzel EC, Steinmetz MP, Mroz TE. Trends in Lumbar Fusion Surgery Among Octogenarians: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Study From 2004 to 2013. Global Spine J 2018; 8:593-599. [PMID: 30202713 PMCID: PMC6125930 DOI: 10.1177/2192568218756878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. OBJECTIVES Given the aging US population and natural degenerative process of the spine, more elderly patients with lumbar spinal disease are surgical candidates. Prior studies have assessed safety and efficacy of lumbar fusion (LF) surgeries in the elderly, but none have reviewed fusion procedures from an epidemiological standpoint. Here, we report 2004-2013 national trends in demographics, discharge time, and economic impact of LF procedures for octogenarians. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2004 to 2013 for LF procedures in patients aged 80 to 89 years. Patients were grouped by fusion level, demographics, comorbidity score, insurance, and hospital characteristics. Postoperative variables include length of stay and total in-hospital charges. Data was evaluated using chi-squared tests and t tests. RESULTS The national sample included 17 471 LF procedures (mean age = 82.65 years). From 2004 to 2013, the annual number of LF procedures increased from 1144 to 2061 patients. Percentage of multilevel LF was relatively maintained (mean = 18%). The majority of patients were female (mean = 62%). The proportion of males increased during the study period (31.8% to 42.5%; P < .0001). The proportion of patients with a comorbidity score of 2 or 3 increased during the study period (P < .0001). Over time, average length of stay decreased (from 6 to 4.5 days; P < .0001), and total in-hospital charges increased (from $58 471 to $111 235; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that more lumbar fusion procedures are being performed on octogenarians in recent years. While these patients are discharged from hospitals more quickly after surgery, there is also greater financial burden placed on patients, hospitals, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T. Kha
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Joseph E. Tanenbaum
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Percutaneous endoscopic decompression via transforaminal approach for lumbar lateral recess stenosis in geriatric patients. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:1263-1269. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhuang Y, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Jin Z. Curative effect of posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease and changes in adjacent segment quantitative score. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:161-166. [PMID: 29896235 PMCID: PMC5995027 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curative effect of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease and changes in adjacent segment quantitative score was investigated. A total of 86 patients with single-segment lumbar degenerative disease were randomly selected and divided into control group (n=43) and observation group (n=43). The control group was treated with posterolateral lumbar fusion, while the observation group was treated with PLIF. The observation group had a significantly longer operation time and shorter hospitalization time compared with the control group (P<0.05). The excellent-good rate of treatment in the observation group (90.69%) was obviously higher than that in the control group (62.79%) (P<0.05). The levels of creatine phosphokinase in the two groups were significantly increased at 1, 3 and 5 days after operation (P<0.05), and reached the peak at 1 day after operation and returned to normal basically at 7 days after operation. Oswestry disability index in the observation group at 1, 6 and 12 months after operation were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the MRI-T2 relaxation time of multifidus muscle at 3 months after operation between the two groups (P>0.05). The grade I and II interbody fusion rates in the observation group at 12 months after operation were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The mean spinal canal areas and adjacent segment quantitative scores in the two groups after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation, and they were improved more obviously in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). PLIF has a more definite short-term curative effect and a higher interbody fusion rate in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease, which is more conducive to promoting the postoperative rehabilitation of patients and slowing down the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
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Abstract
In population health medicine, often it is not primary care, but rather the specialists' care teams that are responsible for the most overall spending for health care. Engaging specialists in population health medicine is a prerequisite to be successful in improving the quality of care by reducing complications, unnecessary utilization, avoidable Emergency Department visits/readmissions, and total cost of care. Creating patient-centric, physician-lead, interdisciplinary care teams to redesign the delivery of care across the continuum of the episode of care (eg, shadow bundle) is a successful approach to commercial or Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services value-based payments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Schweitzer
- Population Health, Premier Inc, PSH Learning Collaborative, Clearwater, FL, USA.
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Rushton AB, Verra ML, Emms A, Heneghan NR, Falla D, Reddington M, Cole AA, Willems P, Benneker L, Selvey D, Hutton M, Heymans MW, Staal JB. Development and validation of two clinical prediction models to inform clinical decision-making for lumbar spinal fusion surgery for degenerative disorders and rehabilitation following surgery: protocol for a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021078. [PMID: 29789351 PMCID: PMC5988074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential predictors of poor outcome will be measured at baseline: (1) preoperatively to develop a clinical prediction model to predict which patients are likely to have favourable outcome following lumbar spinal fusion surgery (LSFS) and (2) postoperatively to predict which patients are likely to have favourable long-term outcomes (to inform rehabilitation). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Prospective observational study with a defined episode inception of the point of surgery. Electronic data will be collected through the British Spine Registry and will include patient-reported outcome measures (eg, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire) and data items (eg, smoking status). Consecutive patients (≥18 years) undergoing LSFS for back and/or leg pain of degenerative cause will be recruited. EXCLUSION CRITERIA LSFS for spinal fracture, inflammatory disease, malignancy, infection, deformity and revision surgery. 1000 participants will be recruited (n=600 prediction model development, n=400 internal validation derived model; planning 10 events per candidate prognostic factor). The outcome being predicted is an individual's absolute risk of poor outcome (disability and pain) at 6 weeks (objective 1) and 12 months postsurgery (objective 2). Disability and pain will be measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and severity of pain in the previous week with a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS 0-10), respectively. Good outcome is defined as a change of 1.7 on the NRS for pain, and a change of 14.3 on the ODI. Both linear and logistic (to dichotomise outcome into low and high risk) multivariable regression models will be fitted and mean differences or ORs for each candidate predictive factor reported. Internal validation of the derived model will use a further set of British Spine Registry data. External validation will be geographical using two spinal registries in The Netherlands and Switzerland. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval (University of Birmingham ERN_17-0446A). Dissemination through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), University of Birmingham School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin L Verra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Emms
- Departmetn of Physiotherapy, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), University of Birmingham School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), University of Birmingham School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Reddington
- Physiotherapy Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ashley A Cole
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Willems
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorin Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - David Selvey
- Amplitude Clinical, Host of the British Spine Registry, Droitwich, UK
| | - Michael Hutton
- Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre (PEOC), Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bart Staal
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Nutritional optimization in patients undergoing spine surgery is important as improved surgical outcomes and decreased rates of complications have been noted in optimized patients. With the increasingly high numbers of elderly patient and patients with metabolic comorbidities undergoing spine procedures, perioperative nutritional status should be enhanced for the best possible surgical outcomes. Methods of optimization include preoperative screening with Nutritional Risk Score or other scoring systems, looking for changes in body mass index, detecting sarcopenia, and screening for metabolic abnormalities. Assessment of blood glucose, electrolytes, cholesterol, vitamin levels, visceral proteins, and lean body mass must be done preoperatively and close monitoring should be continued postoperatively. Albumin helps to determine the health status of patients before surgery and prealbumin as a predictor of surgical outcomes is being investigated. Malnourished patients should be given balanced diets replenishing key nutrient deficits, glucose should be maintained with sliding scale insulin or continuous infusions and immunonutrition may be implemented. Postoperatively, patients should initiate a diet as soon as possible to decrease overall length of stay and complication rates, facilitating return to normal activities.
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Distribution and Determinants of 90-Day Payments for Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Medicare Analysis. Clin Spine Surg 2018; 31:E197-E203. [PMID: 29369155 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, economic analysis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to analyze the distribution of 90-day payments, sources of variation, and reimbursement for complications and readmissions for primary ≥3-level posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) from Medicare data. A secondary objective was to identify risk factors for complications. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Bundled payments represent a single payment system to cover all costs associated with a single episode of care, typically over 90 days. The dollar amount spent on different health service providers and the variation in payments for ≥3-level PLF have not been analyzed from a bundled perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Administrative claims data were used to study 90-day Medicare (2005-2012) reimbursements for primary ≥3-level PLF for deformity and degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Distribution of payments, sources of variation, and reimbursements for managing complications were studied using linear regression models. Risk factors for complications were studied by stepwise multiple-variable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Hospital payments comprised 73.8% share of total 90-day payment. Adjusted analysis identified several factors for variation in index hospital payments. The average 90-day Medicare payment for all multilevel PLFs without complications was $35,878 per patient. The additional average cost of treating complications with/without revision surgery within 90 days period ranged from $17,284 to $68,963. A 90-day bundle for ≥3-level PLF with readmission ranges from $88,648 (3 levels) to $117,215 (8+ levels). Rates and risk factors for complications were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The average 90-day payment per patient from Medicare was $35,878 with several factors such as levels of surgery, comorbidities, and development of complications influencing the cost. The study also identifies the risks and costs associated with complications and readmissions and emphasize the significant effect these would have on bundled payments (additional burden of up to 192% the cost of an average uncomplicated procedure over 90 days). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Sencan S, Ozcan-Eksi EE, Cil H, Tay B, Berven S, Burch S, Deviren V, Demir-Deviren S. The effect of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in patients with spondylolisthesis. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2018; 30:841-846. [PMID: 28372316 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-160543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFE) is a widely accepted non-surgical treatment for pain in patients with spondylolisthesis. However, the effectiveness of TFE has not been compared in patients with degenerative (DS) and isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS). OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of bilateral TFEs in DS and IS. METHODS Patients who underwent bilateral TFEs for spondylolisthesis at University of California San Francisco Orthopaedic Institute from 2009 to 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS DS patients (120 female, 51 male) were significantly older and had higher comorbidity than those with IS (18 female, 14 male). They had better pain relief after TFE than patients with IS (72.11 ± 27.46% vs 54.39 ± 34.31%; p = 0.009). The number of TFEs, the mean duration of pain relief after TFE, follow-up periods, translation and facet joint widening were similar in DS and IS groups (p > 0.05). DS group had higher successful treatment rate (66.1% vs 46.9%, p = 0.009) and longer duration of pain relief (181.29 ± 241.37 vs 140.07 ± 183.62 days, p = 0.065) compared to IS group. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral TFEs at the level of spondylolisthesis effectively decreased pain in patients. TFEs provided better pain relief for longer duration in patients with DS than for those with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Sencan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University, Pain Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel E Ozcan-Eksi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hemra Cil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bobby Tay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sigurd Berven
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shane Burch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vedat Deviren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sibel Demir-Deviren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Coric D, Bullard DE, Patel VV, Ryaby JT, Atkinson BL, He D, Guyer RD. Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation may improve fusion rates in cervical arthrodesis in high-risk populations. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:124-130. [PMID: 29437635 PMCID: PMC5895946 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.bjr-2017-0221.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation was evaluated after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures in a randomized, controlled clinical study performed for United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. PEMF significantly increased fusion rates at six months, but 12-month fusion outcomes for subjects at elevated risk for pseudoarthrosis were not thoroughly reported. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of PEMF treatment on subjects at increased risk for pseudoarthrosis after ACDF procedures. METHODS Two evaluations were performed that compared fusion rates between PEMF stimulation and a historical control (160 subjects) from the FDA investigational device exemption (IDE) study: a post hoc (PH) analysis of high-risk subjects from the FDA study (PH PEMF); and a multicentre, open-label (OL) study consisting of 274 subjects treated with PEMF (OL PEMF). Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare fusion rates between PEMF-treated subjects and historical controls. RESULTS In separate comparisons of PH PEMF and OL PEMF groups to the historical control group, PEMF treatment significantly (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test) increased the fusion rate at six and 12 months for certain high-risk subjects who had at least one clinical risk factor of being elderly, a nicotine user, osteoporotic, or diabetic; and for those with at least one clinical risk factor and who received at least a two- or three-level arthrodesis. CONCLUSION Adjunctive PEMF treatment can be recommended for patients who are at high risk for pseudoarthrosis.Cite this article: D. Coric, D. E. Bullard, V. V. Patel, J. T. Ryaby, B. L. Atkinson, D. He, R. D. Guyer. Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation may improve fusion rates in cervical arthrodesis in high-risk populations. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:124-130. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.BJR-2017-0221.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Coric
- Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - D E Bullard
- Triangle Neurosurgery, 1540 Sunday Drive, Suite 214, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - V V Patel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - J T Ryaby
- Clinical Affairs Department, Orthofix, Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, Texas 75056, USA
| | - B L Atkinson
- Atkinson Biologics Consulting, Highlands Ranch, Colorado, USA
| | - D He
- Analytical Solutions Group, Inc, North Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - R D Guyer
- TBIRF, Texas Back Institute, 6020 West Parker Road Suite 200, Plano, Texas 75093, USA
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Jain A, Hassanzadeh H, Puvanesarajah V, Klineberg EO, Sciubba DM, Kelly MP, Hamilton DK, Lafage V, Buckland AJ, Passias PG, Protopsaltis TS, Lafage R, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Kebaish KM, _ _. Incidence of perioperative medical complications and mortality among elderly patients undergoing surgery for spinal deformity: analysis of 3519 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 27:534-539. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.spine161011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEUsing 2 complication-reporting methods, the authors investigated the incidence of major medical complications and mortality in elderly patients after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) during a 2-year follow-up period.METHODSThe authors queried a multicenter, prospective, surgeon-maintained database (SMD) to identify patients 65 years or older who underwent surgical correction of ASD from 2008 through 2014 and had a minimum 2 years of follow-up (n = 153). They also queried a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database (MCD) for patients 65 years or older who underwent fusion of 8 or more vertebral levels from 2005 through 2012 (n = 3366). They calculated cumulative rates of the following complications during the first 6 weeks after surgery: cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism. Significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTSDuring the perioperative period, rates of major medical complications were 5.9% for pneumonia, 4.1% for deep venous thrombosis, 3.2% for pulmonary embolism, 2.1% for cerebrovascular accident, 1.8% for myocardial infarction, and 1.0% for congestive heart failure. Mortality rates were 0.9% at 6 weeks and 1.8% at 2 years. When comparing the SMD with the MCD, there were no significant differences in the perioperative rates of major medical complications except pneumonia. Furthermore, there were no significant intergroup differences in the mortality rates at 6 weeks or 2 years. The SMD provided greater detail with respect to deformity characteristics and surgical variables than the MCD.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of most major medical complications in the elderly after surgery for ASD was similar between the SMD and the MCD and ranged from 1% for congestive heart failure to 5.9% for pneumonia. These complications data can be valuable for preoperative patient counseling and informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jain
- Departments of 1Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael P. Kelly
- 5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - D. Kojo Hamilton
- 6Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginie Lafage
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; and
| | - Aaron J. Buckland
- 8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter G. Passias
- 8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Renaud Lafage
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; and
| | - Justin S. Smith
- 9Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Chotai S, Sivaganesan A, Parker SL, Wick JB, Stonko DP, McGirt MJ, Devin CJ. Effect of Complications within 90 Days on Cost Per Quality-Adjusted Life Year Gained Following Elective Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease. Neurosurgery 2017; 64:157-164. [PMID: 28899064 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silky Chotai
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ahilan Sivaganesan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott L Parker
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph B Wick
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David P Stonko
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew J McGirt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Carolina Neuro-surgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Clinton J Devin
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Neurological surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Lee GW, Yang HS, Yeom JS, Ahn MW. The Efficacy of Vitamin C on Postoperative Outcomes after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Orthop Surg 2017; 9:317-324. [PMID: 28861199 PMCID: PMC5567027 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2017.9.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin C has critical features relavant to postoperative pain management and functional improvement; however, no study has yet evaluated the effectiveness of vitamin C on improving the surgical outcomes for spine pathologies. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of vitamin C on postoperative outcomes after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for lumbar spinal stenosis in prospectively randomized design. We conducted a 1-year prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the impact of vitamin C on the postoperative outcomes after PLIF surgery. Methods A total of 123 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either group A (62 patients with vitamin C) or group B (61 patients with placebo). Patient follow-up was continued for at least 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome measure was pain intensity in the lower back using a visual analogue scale. The secondary outcome measures were: (1) the clinical outcome assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); (2) the fusion rate assessed using dynamic radiographs and computed tomography scans; and (3) complications. Results Pain intensity in the lower back was significantly improved in both groups compared with preoperative pain intensity, but no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups over the follow-up period. The ODI score of group A at the third postoperative month was significantly higher than the score of group B. After the sixth postoperative month, the ODI score of group A was slightly higher than the score of group B; however, this difference was not significant. The fusion rates at 1 year after surgery and the complication rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions Postoperative pain intensity, the primary outcome measure, was not significantly different at 1 year after surgery between the 2 groups. However, vitamin C may be associated with improving functional status after PLIF surgery, especially during the first 3 postoperative months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Woo Lee
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Han Seok Yang
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin S Yeom
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myun-Whan Ahn
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Lee NJ, Kothari P, Kim JS, Shin JI, Phan K, Di Capua J, Somani S, Leven DM, Guzman JZ, Cho SK. Early Complications and Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: An NSQIP Study Based on 5803 Patients. Global Spine J 2017; 7:432-440. [PMID: 28811987 PMCID: PMC5544158 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217699384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, impact, and risk factors for short-term postoperative complications following elective adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. METHODS Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to query the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) for adults who underwent spinal deformity surgery from 2010 to 2014. Patients were separated into groups of those with and without complications. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the impact of patient characteristics and operative features on postoperative outcomes. RESULTS In total, 5803 patients were identified as having undergone ASD surgery in the NSQIP database. The average patient age was 59.5 (±13.5) years, 59.0% were female, and 81.1% were of Caucasian race. The mean body mass index was 29.5(±6.6), with 41.9% of patients having a body mass index of 30 or higher. The most common comorbidities were hypertension requiring medication (54.5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.9%), and bleeding disorders (1.2%). Nearly a half of the ASD patients had an operative time >4 hours. The posterior fusion approach was more common (56.9%) than an anterior one (39.6%). The mean total relative value unit was 73.4 (±28.8). Based on multivariate analyses, several patient and operative characteristics were found to be predictive of morbidity. CONCLUSION Surgical correction of ASD is associated with substantial risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This data may assist in developing future quality improvement activities and saving costs through measurable improvement in patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parth Kothari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun S. Kim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John I. Shin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Phan
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Di Capua
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dante M. Leven
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Samuel K. Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Samuel K. Cho, Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Oravec CS, Motiwala M, Reed K, Kondziolka D, Barker FG, Michael LM, Klimo P. Big Data Research in Neurosurgery: A Critical Look at this Popular New Study Design. Neurosurgery 2017; 82:728-746. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chesney S Oravec
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Reed
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fred G Barker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Madison Michael
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Fedorchuk C, Lightstone DF, McRae C, Kaczor D. Correction of Grade 2 Spondylolisthesis Following a Non-Surgical Structural Spinal Rehabilitation Protocol Using Lumbar Traction: A Case Study and Selective Review of Literature. J Radiol Case Rep 2017; 11:13-26. [PMID: 29299090 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v11i5.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Discuss the use of non-surgical spinal rehabilitation protocol in the case of a 69-year-old female with a grade 2 spondylolisthesis. A selective literature review and discussion are provided. Clinical Features A 69-year-old female presented with moderate low back pain (7/10 pain) and severe leg cramping (7/10 pain). Initial lateral lumbar x-ray revealed a grade 2 spondylolisthesis at L4-L5 measuring 13.3 mm. Interventions and Outcomes The patient completed 60 sessions of Mirror Image® spinal exercises, adjustments, and traction over 45 weeks. Post-treatment lateral lumbar x-ray showed a decrease in translation of L4-L5 from 13.3 mm to 2.4 mm, within normal limits. Conclusions This case provides the first documented evidence of a non-surgical or chiropractic treatment, specifically Chiropractic BioPhysics®, protocols of lumbar spondylolisthesis where spinal alignment was corrected. Additional research is needed to investigate the clinical implications and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christi McRae
- Private Practice, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, USA
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Giannadakis C, Solheim O, Jakola AS, Nordseth T, Gulati AM, Nerland US, Nygaard ØP, Solberg TK, Gulati S. Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Individuals Aged 80 and Older: A Multicenter Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:2011-2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampis Giannadakis
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ole Solheim
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- National Competence Center for Ultrasound and Image Guided Therapy; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Asgeir S. Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Trond Nordseth
- Department of Anesthesia; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Agnete M. Gulati
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Rheumatology; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ulf S. Nerland
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Øystein P. Nygaard
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Spinal Surgery Center for Spinal Disorders; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian National Registry for Spine Surgery; University Hospital of Northern Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Tore K. Solberg
- Norwegian National Registry for Spine Surgery; University Hospital of Northern Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital of Northern Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neurosurgery; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Spinal Surgery Center for Spinal Disorders; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian Centre of Competence in Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders; St. Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
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Tomkins-Lane C, Melloh M, Lurie J, Smuck M, Battié MC, Freeman B, Samartzis D, Hu R, Barz T, Stuber K, Schneider M, Haig A, Schizas C, Cheung JPY, Mannion AF, Staub L, Comer C, Macedo L, Ahn SH, Takahashi K, Sandella D. ISSLS Prize Winner: Consensus on the Clinical Diagnosis of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Results of an International Delphi Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:1239-1246. [PMID: 26839989 PMCID: PMC4966995 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Delphi. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain an expert consensus on which history factors are most important in the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA LSS is a poorly defined clinical syndrome. Criteria for defining LSS are needed and should be informed by the experience of expert clinicians. METHODS Phase 1 (Delphi Items): 20 members of the International Taskforce on the Diagnosis and Management of LSS confirmed a list of 14 history items. An online survey was developed that permits specialists to express the logical order in which they consider the items, and the level of certainty ascertained from the questions. Phase 2 (Delphi Study) Round 1: Survey distributed to members of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Round 2: Meeting of 9 members of Taskforce where consensus was reached on a final list of 10 items. Round 3: Final survey was distributed internationally. Phase 3: Final Taskforce consensus meeting. RESULTS A total of 279 clinicians from 29 different countries, with a mean of 19 (±SD: 12) years in practice participated. The six top items were "leg or buttock pain while walking," "flex forward to relieve symptoms," "feel relief when using a shopping cart or bicycle," "motor or sensory disturbance while walking," "normal and symmetric foot pulses," "lower extremity weakness," and "low back pain." Significant change in certainty ceased after six questions at 80% (P < .05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to reach an international consensus on the clinical diagnosis of LSS, and suggests that within six questions clinicians are 80% certain of diagnosis. We propose a consensus-based set of "seven history items" that can act as a pragmatic criterion for defining LSS in both clinical and research settings, which in the long term may lead to more cost-effective treatment, improved health care utilization, and enhanced patient outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Tomkins-Lane
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada
| | - Markus Melloh
- Department of Public Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Jon Lurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dartmouth University, Hanover, NH
| | - Matt Smuck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | - Michele C Battié
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian Freeman
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Richard Hu
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Thomas Barz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Asklepios Gemeinsam für Gesundheit, Schwedt, Germany
| | - Kent Stuber
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Haig
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Constantin Schizas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lukas Staub
- Institute for Evaluative Research in Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Comer
- Musculoskeletal Service, Leeds Community Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Luciana Macedo
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sang-Ho Ahn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Danielle Sandella
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Musante DB, Firtha ME, Atkinson BL, Hahn R, Ryaby JT, Linovitz RJ. Clinical evaluation of an allogeneic bone matrix containing viable osteogenic cells in patients undergoing one- and two-level posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis with decompressive laminectomy. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:63. [PMID: 27233773 PMCID: PMC4884431 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trinity Evolution® cellular bone allograft (TE) possesses the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive elements essential for bone healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes when TE is used as a graft extender in combination with locally derived bone in one- and two-level instrumented lumbar posterolateral arthrodeses. Methods In this retrospective evaluation, a consecutive series of subject charts that had posterolateral arthrodesis with TE and a 12-month radiographic follow-up were evaluated. All subjects were diagnosed with degenerative disc disease, radiculopathy, stenosis, and decreased disc height. At 2 weeks and at 3 and 12 months, plain radiographs were performed and the subject’s back and leg pain (VAS) was recorded. An evaluation of fusion status was performed at 12 months. Results The population consisted of 43 subjects and 47 arthrodeses. At 12 months, a fusion rate of 90.7 % of subjects and 89.4 % of surgical levels was observed. High-risk subjects (e.g., diabetes, tobacco use, etc.) had fusion rates comparable to normal patients. Compared with the preoperative leg or back pain level, the postoperative pain levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) improved at every time point. There were no adverse events attributable to TE. Conclusions Fusion rates using TE were higher than or comparable to fusion rates with autologous iliac crest bone graft that have been reported in the recent literature for posterolateral fusion procedures, and TE fusion rates were not adversely affected by several high-risk patient factors. The positive results provide confidence that TE can safely replace autologous iliac crest bone graft when used as a bone graft extender in combination with locally derived bone in the setting of posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis in patients with or without risk factors for compromised bone healing. Trial registration Because of the retrospective nature of this study, the trial was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Musante
- Triangle Orthopedics, 120 William Penn Plaza, Durham, NC, 27704, USA.
| | - Michael E Firtha
- Campbell School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, 4350 US-421, Lillington, NC, 27546, USA
| | - Brent L Atkinson
- Atkinson Biologics Consulting, 9189 Fox Fire Way, Highlands Ranch, Littleton, CO, 80129, USA
| | - Rebekah Hahn
- Orthofix Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX, 75056, USA
| | - James T Ryaby
- Orthofix Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX, 75056, USA
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Koenders N, Rushton A, Heneghan N, Verra ML, Willems P, Hoogeboom T, Staal JB. Pain and disability following first-time lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative disorders: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2016; 5:72. [PMID: 27142967 PMCID: PMC4855758 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine is frequently used, despite current research presenting inconclusive evidence. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyse the natural course of pain and disability in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine such as spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, disc herniation, or discogenic low back pain to improve lumbar spinal fusion management. METHODS/DESIGN An electronic database search will be conducted up to 30 September 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ZETOC database. In addition, a search for articles in press and published ahead of print, British National Bibliography for Report Literature, and OpenGrey will be conducted. Prospective cohort studies using outcome measures of pain and disability will be eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text independently using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed with the modified version of the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. If meta-analysis of outcome data is deemed appropriate, variance-weighted pooled means will be calculated. DISCUSSION The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis may improve understanding of recovery after lumbar spinal fusion and improve lumbar spinal fusion management. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015026922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Koenders
- Department of Physiotherapy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alison Rushton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicola Heneghan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin L Verra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Willems
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hoogeboom
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bart Staal
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Puffer RC, Planchard R, Mallory GW, Clarke MJ. Patient-specific factors affecting hospital costs in lumbar spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 24:1-6. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.spine141233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Health care-related costs after lumbar spine surgery vary depending on procedure type and patient characteristics. Age, body mass index (BMI), number of spinal levels, and presence of comorbidities probably have significant effects on overall costs. The present study assessed the impact of patient characteristics on hospital costs in patients undergoing elective lumbar decompressive spine surgery.
METHODS
This study was a retrospective review of elective lumbar decompression surgeries, with a focus on specific patient characteristics to determine which factors drive postoperative, hospital-related costs. Records between January 2010 and July 2012 were searched retrospectively. Only elective lumbar decompressions including discectomy or laminectomy were included. Cost data were obtained using a database that allows standardization of a list of hospital costs to the fiscal year 2013–2014. The relationship between cost and patient factors including age, BMI, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System grade were analyzed using Student t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariate regression analyses.
RESULTS
There were 1201 patients included in the analysis, with a mean age of 61.6 years. Sixty percent of patients in the study were male. Laminectomies were performed in 557 patients (46%) and discectomies in 644 (54%). Laminectomies led to an increased hospital stay of 1.4 days (p < 0.001) and increased hospital costs by $1523 (p < 0.001) when compared with discectomies. For laminectomies, age, BMI, ASA grade, number of levels, and durotomy all led to significantly increased hospital costs and length of stay on univariate analysis, but ASA grade and presence of a durotomy did not maintain significance on multivariate analysis for hospital costs. For a laminectomy, patient age ≥ 65 years was associated with a 0.6-day increased length of stay and a $945 increase in hospital costs when compared with patient age < 65 years (p < 0.001). A durotomy during a laminectomy increased length of stay by 1.0 day and increased hospital costs by $1382 (p < 0.03). For discectomies, age, ASA grade, and durotomy were significantly associated with increased hospital costs on univariate analysis, but BMI was not. Only age and presence of a durotomy maintained significance on multivariate analysis. There was a significant increase in hospital length of stay in patients undergoing discectomy with increasing age, BMI, ASA grade, and presence of a durotomy on univariate analysis. However, only age and presence of a durotomy maintained significance on multivariate analysis. For discectomies, age ≥ 65 years was associated with a 0.7-day increased length of stay (p < 0.001) and an increase of $931 in postoperative hospital costs (p < 0.01) when compared with age < 65 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Patient factors such as age, BMI, and comorbidities have significant and measurable effects on the postoperative hospital costs of elective lumbar decompression spinal surgeries. Knowledge of how these factors affect costs will become important as reimbursement models change.
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