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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Koroth J, Chitwood C, Kumar R, Lin WH, Reves BT, Boyce T, Reineke TM, Ellingson AM, Johnson CP, Stone LS, Chaffin KC, Simha NK, Ogle BM, Bradley EW. Identification of a novel, MSC-induced macrophage subtype via single-cell sequencing: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1286011. [PMID: 38274272 PMCID: PMC10808728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1286011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common pathological condition associated with low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal signaling cells (MSCs) promote IVD regeneration, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. One postulated mechanism is via modulation of macrophage phenotypes. In this manuscript, we tested the hypothesis that MSCs produce trophic factors that alter macrophage subsets. To this end, we collected conditioned medium from human, bone marrow-derived STRO3+ MSCs. We then cultured human bone marrow-derived macrophages in MSC conditioned medium (CM) and performed single cell RNA-sequencing. Comparative analyses between macrophages cultured in hypoxic and normoxic MSC CM showed large overlap between macrophage subsets; however, we identified a unique hypoxic MSC CM-induced macrophage cluster. To determine if factors from MSC CM simulated effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, we integrated the data from macrophages cultured in hypoxic MSC CM with and without IL-4 addition. Integration of these data sets showed considerable overlap, demonstrating that hypoxic MSC CM simulates the effects of IL-4. Interestingly, macrophages cultured in normoxic MSC CM in the absence of IL-4 did not significantly contribute to the unique cluster within our comparison analyses and showed differential TGF-β signaling; thus, normoxic conditions did not approximate IL-4. In addition, TGF-β neutralization partially limited the effects of MSC CM. In conclusion, our study identified a unique macrophage subset induced by MSCs within hypoxic conditions and supports that MSCs alter macrophage phenotypes through TGF-β-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Koroth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Casey Chitwood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Arin M. Ellingson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Casey P. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laura S. Stone
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Brenda M. Ogle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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3
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulfate Affords Pleotropic Protection to Multiple Cells and Tissues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:437. [PMID: 36986536 PMCID: PMC10132487 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a small semi-synthetic highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS)-like molecule, shares many of the interactive properties of HS. The aim of this review was to outline the potential of PPS as an interventional therapeutic protective agent in physiological processes affecting pathological tissues. PPS is a multifunctional molecule with diverse therapeutic actions against many disease processes. PPS has been used for decades in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and painful bowel disease, it has tissue-protective properties as a protease inhibitor in cartilage, tendon and IVD, and it has been used as a cell-directive component in bioscaffolds in tissue engineering applications. PPS regulates complement activation, coagulation, fibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia, and it promotes the synthesis of hyaluronan. Nerve growth factor production in osteocytes is inhibited by PPS, reducing bone pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (OA/RA). PPS also removes fatty compounds from lipid-engorged subchondral blood vessels in OA/RA cartilage, reducing joint pain. PPS regulates cytokine and inflammatory mediator production and is also an anti-tumor agent that promotes the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the development of progenitor cell lineages that have proven to be useful in strategies designed to effect repair of the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) and OA cartilage. PPS stimulates proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1, and stimulates hyaluronan production by synoviocytes. PPS is thus a multifunctional tissue-protective molecule of potential therapeutic application for a diverse range of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Graduate Schools of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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4
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Constant C, Hom WW, Nehrbass D, Carmel E, Albers CE, Deml MC, Gehweiler D, Lee Y, Hecht A, Grad S, Iatridis JC, Zeiter S. Comparison and optimization of sheep in vivo intervertebral disc injury model. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1198. [PMID: 35783908 PMCID: PMC9238284 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current standard of care for intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, surgical discectomy, does not repair annulus fibrosus (AF) defects, which is partly due to the lack of effective methods to do so and is why new repair strategies are widely investigated and tested preclinically. There is a need to develop a standardized IVD injury model in large animals to enable comparison and interpretation across preclinical study results. The purpose of this study was to compare in vivo IVD injury models in sheep to determine which annulus fibrosus (AF) defect type combined with partial nucleus pulposus (NP) removal would better mimic degenerative human spinal pathologies. Methods Six skeletally mature sheep were randomly assigned to one of the two observation periods (1 and 3 months) and underwent creation of 3 different AF defect types (slit, cruciate, and box-cut AF defects) in conjunction with 0.1 g NP removal in three lumbar levels using a lateral retroperitoneal surgical approach. The spine was monitored by clinical CT scans pre- and postoperatively, at 2 weeks and euthanasia, and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology after euthanasia to determine the severity of degeneration (disc height loss, Pfirrmann grading, semiquantitative histopathology grading). Results All AF defects led to significant degenerative changes detectable on CT and MR images, produced bulging of disc tissue without disc herniation and led to degenerative and inflammatory histopathological changes. However, AF defects were not equal in terms of disc height loss at 3 months postoperatively; the cruciate and box-cut AF defects showed significantly decreased disc height compared to their preoperative height, with the box-cut defect creating the greatest disc height loss, while the slit AF defect showed restoration of normal preoperative disc height. Conclusions The tested IVD injury models do not all generate comparable disc degeneration but can be considered suitable IVD injury models to investigate new treatments. Results of the current study clearly indicate that slit AF defect should be avoided if disc height is used as one of the main outcomes; additional confirmatory studies may be warranted to generalize this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warren W. Hom
- Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Eric‐Norman Carmel
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaireUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheCanada
| | - Christoph E. Albers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & TraumatologyInselspital, University Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Moritz C. Deml
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & TraumatologyInselspital, University Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Yunsoo Lee
- Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Hecht
- Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - James C. Iatridis
- Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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5
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Smith MM, Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulphate (PPS), a Semi-Synthetic Heparinoid DMOAD With Roles in Intervertebral Disc Repair Biology emulating The Stem Cell Instructive and Tissue Reparative Properties of Heparan Sulphate. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:406-430. [PMID: 35102748 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the attributes of pentosan polysulphate (PPS) in the promotion of intervertebral disc (IVD) repair processes. PPS has been classified as a disease modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) and many studies have demonstrated its positive attributes in the countering of degenerative changes occurring in cartilaginous tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes in the IVD also involve inflammatory cytokines, degradative proteases and cell signalling pathways similar to those operative in the development of OA in articular cartilage. PPS acts as a heparan sulphate (HS) mimetic to effect its beneficial effects in cartilage. The IVD contains small cell membrane HS-proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as syndecan, and glypican and a large multifunctional HS/chondroitin sulphate (CS) hybrid proteoglycan (HSPG2/perlecan) that have important matrix stabilising properties and sequester, control and present growth factors from the FGF, VEGF, PDGF and BMP families to cellular receptors to promote cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis. HSPG2 also has chondrogenic properties and stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, expansion of cartilaginous rudiments and has roles in matrix stabilisation and repair. Perlecan is a perinuclear and nuclear proteoglycan in IVD cells with roles in chromatin organisation and control of transcription factor activity, immunolocalises to stem cell niches in cartilage, promotes escape of stem cells from quiescent recycling, differentiation and attainment of pluripotency and migratory properties. These participate in tissue development and morphogenesis, ECM remodelling and repair. PPS also localises in the nucleus of stromal stem cells, promotes development of chondroprogenitor cell lineages, ECM synthesis and repair and discal repair by resident disc cells. The availability of recombinant perlecan and PPS offer new opportunities in repair biology. These multifunctional agents offer welcome new developments in repair strategies for the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- The University of Sydney Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, 247198, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, UK, Bioimaging Unit, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - James Melrose
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Raymond Purves Lab, Sydney Medical School Northern, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 2065.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2052;
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6
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Loibl M, Wuertz‐Kozak K, Vadala G, Lang S, Fairbank J, Urban JP. Controversies in regenerative medicine: Should intervertebral disc degeneration be treated with mesenchymal stem cells? JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1043. [PMID: 31463457 PMCID: PMC6711491 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, and has a considerable economic and social impact worldwide. It is commonly associated with disc degeneration, even though many people with degenerate discs are asymptomatic. Degenerate disc disease (DDD), is thus a common term for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with LBP. Degeneration is thought to lead to LBP because of nerve ingrowth into the degenerate disc, inflammation, or because degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) alters spinal biomechanics inappropriately. Thus, while the objectives of some interventions for LBP are to control pain intensity, other interventions aim to deal with the consequences of disc degeneration through stabilizing the disc surgically, by inserting artificial discs or by repairing the disc biologically and preventing progressive IVD degeneration. Despite tremendous research efforts, treatment of LBP through the use of regenerative interventions aiming to repair the IVD is still controversial. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for IVD regeneration in a patient-based case will be discussed by an ensemble of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Loibl
- Department of Spine SurgerySchulthess KlinikZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Trauma SurgeryRegensburg University Medical CenterRegensburgGermany
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zürich, ZürichSwitzerland
- Spine Center, Schön Klinik MünchenMunichGermany
- Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research InstituteParacelsus Private Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Department of Health ScienceUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma SurgeryCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Siegmund Lang
- Department of Trauma SurgeryRegensburg University Medical CenterRegensburgGermany
| | - Jeremy Fairbank
- Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jill P. Urban
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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7
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Kang J, Zhang L, Luo X, Ma X, Wang G, Yang Y, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Systematic Exposition of Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9652817. [PMID: 30687760 PMCID: PMC6327253 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9652817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has been applied to a wide range of diseases with excessive immune response, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), owing to its powerful immunosuppression and its ability to repair tissue lesions. Different sources of MSCs show different therapeutic properties. Engineering managements are able to enhance the immunomodulation function and the survival of MSCs involved in IBD. The therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in IBD mainly focuses on cell-to-cell contact and paracrine actions. One of the promising therapeutic options for IBD can focus on exosomes of MSCs. MSCs hold promise for the treatment of IBD-associated colorectal cancer because of their tumor-homing function and chronic inflammation inhibition. Encouraging results have been obtained from clinical trials in IBD and potential challenges caused by MSCs therapy are getting solved. This review can assist investigators better to understand the research progress for enhancing the efficacy of MSCs therapy involved in IBD and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- The Third People's Hospital of Sihong County, Suqian, Jiangsu 223911, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Gaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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8
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Daly CD, Ghosh P, Badal T, Shimmon R, Jenkin G, Oehme D, Cooper-White J, Sher I, Chandra RV, Goldschlager T. A Comparison of Two Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Injury Models for the Evaluation and Development of Novel Regenerative Therapies. Global Spine J 2018; 8:847-859. [PMID: 30560038 PMCID: PMC6293427 DOI: 10.1177/2192568218779988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Large animal research. OBJECTIVE Lumbar discectomy is the most commonly performed spinal surgical procedure. We investigated 2 large animal models of lumbar discectomy in order to study the regenerative capacity of mesenchymal stem cells following disc injury. METHODS Twelve adult ewes underwent baseline 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by lumbar intervertebral disc injury by either drill bit (n = 6) or annulotomy and partial nucleotomy (APN) (n = 6). Necropsies were performed 6 months later. Lumbar spines underwent 3-T and 9.4-T MRI prior to histological, morphological and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Drill bit-injured (DBI) and APN-injured discs demonstrated increased Pfirrmann grades relative to uninjured controls (P < .005), with no difference between the 2 models. Disc height index loss was greater in the APN group compared with the DBI group (P < .005). Gross morphology injury scores were higher in APN than DBI discs (P < .05) and both were higher than controls (P < .005). Proteoglycan was reduced in the discs of both injury models relative to controls (P < .005), but lower in the APN group (P < .05). Total collagen of the APN group disc regions was higher than DBI and control discs (P < .05). Histology revealed more matrix degeneration, vascular infiltration, and granulation in the APN model. CONCLUSION Although both models produced disc degeneration, the APN model better replicated the pathobiology of human discs postdiscectomy. We therefore concluded that the APN model was a more appropriate model for the investigation of the regenerative capacity of mesenchymal stem cells administered postdiscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Daly
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Chris D. Daly, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute
of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168,
Australia.
| | - Peter Ghosh
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Proteobioactives, Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanya Badal
- University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald Shimmon
- University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David Oehme
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Idrees Sher
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronil V. Chandra
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Goldschlager
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Clinical trials of intervertebral disc regeneration: current status and future developments. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Washington EA, Barber SR, Murray CM, Davies HMS, Kimpton WG, Yen HH. Lymphatic cannulation models in sheep: Recent advances for immunological and biomedical research. J Immunol Methods 2018; 457:6-14. [PMID: 29625076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic cannulation models are useful tools for studying the immunobiology of the lymphatic system and the immunopathology of specific tissues in diseases. Sheep cannulations have been used extensively, as models for human physiology, fetal and neonatal development, human diseases, and for studies of ruminant pathobiology. The development of new and improved cannulation techniques in recent years has meant that difficult to access sites, such as mucosal associated tissues, are now more readily available to researchers. This review highlights the new approaches to cannulation and how these, in combination with advanced omics technologies, will direct future research using the sheep model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Washington
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart R Barber
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christina M Murray
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helen M S Davies
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne G Kimpton
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hung-Hsun Yen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia..
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11
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Daly CD, Ghosh P, Zannettino ACW, Badal T, Shimmon R, Jenkin G, Oehme D, Jain K, Sher I, Vais A, Cohen C, Chandra RV, Goldschlager T. Mesenchymal progenitor cells primed with pentosan polysulfate promote lumbar intervertebral disc regeneration in an ovine model of microdiscectomy. Spine J 2018; 18:491-506. [PMID: 29055739 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Neural compression associated with lumbar disc herniation is usually managed surgically by microdiscectomy. However, 10%-20% of patients re-present with debilitating back pain, and approximately 15% require further surgery. PURPOSE Using an ovine model of microdiscectomy, the present study investigated the relative potential of pentosan polysulfate-primed mesenchymal progenitor cells (pMPCs) or MPC alone implanted into the lesion site to facilitate disc recovery. STUDY DESIGN An ovine model of lumbar microdiscectomy was used to compare the relative outcomes of administering MPCs or pMPCs to the injury site postsurgery. METHODS At baseline 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 18 adult ewes was undertaken followed by annular microdiscectomy at two lumbar disc levels. Sheep were randomized into three groups (n=6). The injured controls received no further treatment. Defects of the treated groups were implanted with a collagen sponge and MPC (5×105 cells) or pMPC (5×105 cells). After 6 months, 3T MRI and standard radiography were performed. Spinal columns were dissected, individual lumbar discs were sectioned horizontally, and nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) regions were assessed morphologically and histologically. The NP and AF tissues were dissected into six regions and analyzed biochemically for their proteoglycans (PGs), collagen, and DNA content. RESULTS Both the MPC- and pMPC-injected groups exhibited less reduction in disc height (p<.05) and lower Pfirrmann grades (p≤.001) compared with the untreated injury controls, but morphologic scores for the pMPC-injected discs were lower (p<.05). The PG content of the AF injury site region (AF1) of pMPC discs was higher than MPC and injury control AF1 (p<.05). At the AF1 and contralateral AF2 regions, the DNA content of pMPC discs was significantly lower than injured control discs and MPC-injected discs. Histologic and birefringent microscopy revealed increased structural organization and reduced degeneration in pMPC discs compared with MPC and the injured controls. CONCLUSIONS In an ovine model 6 months after administration of pMPCs to the injury site disc PG content and matrix organization were improved relative to controls, suggesting pMPCs' potential as a postsurgical adjunct for limiting progression of disc degeneration after microdiscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Daly
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Peter Ghosh
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Proteobioactives Pty Ltd, PO Box 174, Balgowlah, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Cancer Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tanya Badal
- Chemical Technology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ronald Shimmon
- Chemical Technology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David Oehme
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Kanika Jain
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Idrees Sher
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Angela Vais
- Monash Histology Platform, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Camilla Cohen
- Monash Histology Platform, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ronil V Chandra
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash Department of Radiology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tony Goldschlager
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Wu J, Shimmon S, Paton S, Daly C, Goldschlager T, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW, Ghosh P. Pentosan polysulfate binds to STRO-1 + mesenchymal progenitor cells, is internalized, and modifies gene expression: a novel approach of pre-programing stem cells for therapeutic application requiring their chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:278. [PMID: 29237492 PMCID: PMC5729458 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmaceutical agent pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is known to induce proliferation and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PPS in mediating these effects remains unresolved. In the present report we address this issue by investigating the binding and uptake of PPS by MPCs and monitoring gene expression and proteoglycan biosynthesis before and after the cells had been exposed to limited concentrations of PPS and then re-established in culture in the absence of the drug (MPC priming). METHODS Immuno-selected STRO-1+ mesenchymal progenitor stem cells (MPCs) were prepared from human bone marrow aspirates and established in culture. The kinetics of uptake, shedding, and internalization of PPS by MPCs was determined by monitoring the concentration-dependent loss of PPS media concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled PPS by MPCs. The proliferation of MPCs, following pre-incubation and removal of PPS (priming), was assessed using the Wst-8 assay method, and proteoglycan synthesis was determined by the incorporation of 35SO4 into their sulphated glycosaminoglycans. The changes in expression of MPC-related cell surface antigens of non-primed and PPS-primed MPCs from three donors was determined using flow cytometry. RNA sequencing of RNA isolated from non-primed and PPS-primed MPCs from the same donors was undertaken to identify the genes altered by the PPS priming protocol. RESULTS The kinetic studies indicated that, in culture, PPS rapidly binds to MPC surface receptors, followed by internalisation and localization within the nucleus of the cells. Following PPS-priming of MPCs and a further 48 h of culture, both cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis were enhanced. Reduced expression of MPC-related cell surface antigen expression was promoted by the PPS priming, and RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of 42 genes. CONCLUSION This study has shown that priming of MPCs with low concentrations of PPS enhanced chondrogenesis and MPC proliferation by modifying their characteristic basal gene and protein expression. These findings offer a novel approach to re-programming mesenchymal stem cells for clinical indications which require the repair or regeneration of cartilaginous tissues such as in osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Wu
- Proteobioactives Pty. Ltd., PO Box 174, Balgowlah, Sydney, New South Wales 2093 Australia
- Present address: Minomic International Ltd, Suite 2, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Susan Shimmon
- Proteobioactives Pty. Ltd., PO Box 174, Balgowlah, Sydney, New South Wales 2093 Australia
- Present address: School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Sharon Paton
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and the Cancer Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Christopher Daly
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Tony Goldschlager
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and the Cancer Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Peter Ghosh
- Proteobioactives Pty. Ltd., PO Box 174, Balgowlah, Sydney, New South Wales 2093 Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
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A Review of Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Regeneration, and Translation to the Clinic. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5952165. [PMID: 27314030 PMCID: PMC4893450 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5952165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Discogenic pain secondary to intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant cause of low back pain. Disc degeneration is a complex multifactorial process. Animal models are essential to furthering understanding of the degenerative process and testing potential therapies. The adult human lumbar intervertebral disc is characterized by the loss of notochordal cells, relatively large size, essentially avascular nature, and exposure to biomechanical stresses influenced by bipedalism. Animal models are compared with regard to the above characteristics. Numerous methods of inducing disc degeneration are reported. Broadly these can be considered under the categories of spontaneous degeneration, mechanical and structural models. The purpose of such animal models is to further our understanding and, ultimately, improve treatment of disc degeneration. The role of animal models of disc degeneration in translational research leading to clinical trials of novel cellular therapies is explored.
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