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Chen Z, Wu H, Yang H, Fan Y, Zhao S, Zhang M. Identification and validation of RNA-binding protein-related gene signature revealed potential associations with immunosuppression and drug sensitivity in glioma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7418-7439. [PMID: 34482648 PMCID: PMC8525098 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor in adults, and a considerable part of them are high‐degree ones with high malignancy and poor prognosis. At present, the classification and treatment of glioma are mainly based on its histological characteristics, so studies at the molecular level are needed. Methods RNA‐seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets (n = 703) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were utilized to find out the differentially expressed RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) between normal cerebral tissue and glioma. A prediction system for the prognosis of glioma patients based on 11 RBPs was established and validated using uni‐ and multi‐variate Cox regression analyses. STITCH and CMap databases were exploited to identify putative drugs and their targets. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to calculate scores of specific immune‐related gene sets. IC50 of over 20,000 compounds in 60 cancer cell lines was collected from the CellMiner database to test the drug sensitivity prediction value of the RBP‐based signature. Results We established a reliable prediction system for the prognosis of glioma patients based on 11 RBPs including THOC3, LSM11, SARNP, PABPC1L2B, SMN1, BRCA1, ZC3H8, DZIP1L, HEXIM2, LARP4B, and ZC3H12B. These RBPs were primarily associated with ribosome and post‐transcriptional regulation. RBP‐based risk scores were closely related to immune cells and immune function. We also confirmed the potential of the signature to predict the drug sensitivity of currently approved or evaluated drugs. Conclusions Differentially expressed RBPs in glioma can be used as a basis for prognosis prediction, new drugs screening and drug sensitivity prediction. As RBP‐based glioma risk scores were associated with immunity, immunotherapy may become an important treatment for glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songfeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Estrada N, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Palacios A, Ascencio F, Guzmán-Villanueva L, Contreras RG. In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634497. [PMID: 33868255 PMCID: PMC8047078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Estrada
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxinas Marinas y Aminoácidos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Palacios
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Laura Guzmán-Villanueva
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rubén G. Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ahmed MB, Ahmed MI, Meki AR, Abdraboh N. Neurotoxic effect of lead on rats: Relationship to Apoptosis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2014; 7:192-9. [PMID: 24421747 DOI: 10.12816/0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead toxicity has been subjected to intensive research work, but some aspects of its mechanism needs to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES In the current study we aim to investigate the impact of lead toxicity on some different intermediates of apoptotic signaling pathway in experimental rats. DESIGN AND METHODS We measured caspase-8 and caspase-9 [by chemilumenescence], Bax and Bcl-2 [by ELISA] in Experimental rats, injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate for 7days at the dosage of 25, 50 and l00 mg/kg body weight and compared to control rats injected with deionized distilled water instead. instead. RESULTS Lead acetate significantly increased the levels of caspase 8, caspase 9 and Bax in liver, kidney and brain of experimental animals especially those with high doses. Meanwhile, caspase 8 and Bax significantly increased in brain tissue at low dose of lead, while Bcl-2 significantly increased only with advanced toxicity. Furthermore, Bax/bcl2 ratio was significantly high in kidney (p<0.05), liver (p<0.01) and brain (p<0.01) at higher doses of lead toxicity. However, brain tissues showed significant Bax/Bcl2 ratio (p<0.05) at low lead dose. A significant positive correlation was noticed between the blood level of lead and enzymatic level of caspase 8, caspase 9 and Bax in different tissues. CONCLUSION : we concluded that lead might have toxic effect through intrinsic and extrinsic induction of apoptotic pathway with prominent effect on brain tissue even at low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Imam Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA
| | - Abd-Rheem Meki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA
| | - Naglaa Abdraboh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
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Hanana H, Talarmin H, Pennec JP, Droguet M, Morel J, Dorange G. Effect of okadaic acid on cultured clam heart cells: involvement of MAPkinase pathways. Biol Open 2012; 1:1192-9. [PMID: 23259053 PMCID: PMC3522880 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the main diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. The downstream signal transduction pathways following the protein phosphatase inhibition are still unknown and the results of most of the previous studies are often conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of OA on heart clam cells and to analyse its possible mechanisms of action by investigating the signal transduction pathways involved in OA cytotoxicity. We showed that OA at 1 µM after 24 h of treatment induces disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, rounding and detachment of fibroblastic cells. Moreover, treatment of heart cells revealed a sequential activation of MAPK proteins depending on the OA concentration. We suggest that the duration of p38 and JNK activation is a critical factor in determining cell apoptosis in clam cardiomyocytes. In the opposite, ERK activation could be involved in cell survival. The cell death induced by OA is a MAPK modulated pathway, mediated by caspase 3-dependent mechanism. OA was found to induce no significant effect on spontaneous beating rate or inward L-type calcium current in clam cardiomyocytes, suggesting that PP1 was not inhibited even by the highest dose of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hanana
- EA 1274, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de medecine , 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
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Wang J, Wang YY, Lin L, Gao Y, Hong HS, Wang DZ. Quantitative proteomic analysis of okadaic acid treated mouse small intestines reveals differentially expressed proteins involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2038-52. [PMID: 22270013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a principal diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates. This study compared protein profiles of mice small intestines at four time points (0, 3, 6 and 24 h) after a single oral administration of 750 μg/kg OA, and identified the differentially expressed proteins using 2-D DIGE and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results showed that the toxin content of the intestines reached its peak 3h after oral administration and then decreased rapidly. OA remarkably inhibited the intestinal PP activity but it recovered to the normal levels within 6 to 24 h. Electron microscope revealed the collapse of the villous architecture and the intestinal microvilli fell off at 3 h, but were repaired within 24h. Notable damage to the intestinal ultrastructure was observed after oral administration. Comparison of the small intestine protein profiles at four time points revealed that 58 proteins were remarkably altered in abundance, and these proteins were involved in macromolecular metabolism, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction, molecular chaperoning and oxidative stress, suggesting that OA toxicity in mouse intestines was complex and diverse, and that multiple proteins other than PP were involved in the diarrhetic process. Villin 1 and hnRNP F might be the key triggers inducing diarrhea in the mouse small intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Lead affects apoptosis and related gene XIAP and Smac expression in the hippocampus of developing rats. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:473-9. [PMID: 19911273 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure poses devastating effects on central nervous system development of children. To replicate aspects of this neurotoxicity, we examined the effect of lead on the expression of apoptosis and of apoptosis-related genes, XIAP (X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and Smac (second mitochondrial activator of caspase), in the hippocampus of developing rats. A total of 48 rats (30-day old) were randomly divided into four groups for intragastrical perfusion of lead acetate [Pb(Ac)2]: untreated, low (2 mg/kg/d), medium (20 mg/kg/d), and high (200 mg/kg/d) dose groups. Pb content was determined in blood, and the apoptosis indexes and XIAP and Smac gene expression were analyzed in the hippocampus. There was a significant difference in apoptosis indexes (AI) between the exposed and control groups (p < 0.01). AI was highest in the high exposure group. XIAP gene expression was reduced in the exposed groups and the expression was negatively correlated with blood lead levels (BLLs) (p < 0.05). But the four groups did not differ in the expression of Smac (p > 0.05). Our data indicate that exposure to Pb(Ac)2 caused a dose-dependent and significant increase of apoptosis in the hippocampus of developing rats through depressing the expression of the XIAP but not the Smac genes.
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Darbinian N, Czernik M, Darbinyan A, Elias M, Chabriere E, Bonasu S, Khalili K, Amini S. Evidence for phosphatase activity of p27SJ and its impact on the cell cycle. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:400-7. [PMID: 19343785 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
p27SJ, a novel protein isolated from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), belongs to an emerging family of DING proteins that are related to a prokaryotic phosphate-binding protein superfamily. Here we demonstrate that p27SJ exhibits phosphatase activity and that its expression in cells decreases the level of phosphorylated Erk1/2, a key protein of several signaling pathways. Treatment of p27SJ-expressing cells with phosphatase inhibitors including okadaic acid, maintained Erk1/2 in its phosphorylated form, suggesting that dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 is mediated by p27SJ. Further, expression of p27SJ affects Erk1/2 downstream regulatory targets such as STAT3 and CREB. Moreover, the level of expression of cyclin A that associates with active ERK1/2 and is regulated by CREB, was modestly reduced in p27SJ-expressing cells. Accordingly, results from in vitro kinase assays revealed a noticeable decrease in the activity of cyclin A in cells expressing p27SJ. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated dysregulation at S and G2/M phases in cells expressing p27SJ, supporting the notion that a decline in cyclin A activity by p27SJ has a biological impact on cell growth. These observations provide evidence that p27SJ alters the state of Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and impacts several biological events associated with cell growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Contribution of natural inhibitors to the understanding of the PI3K/PDK1/PKB pathway in the insulin-mediated intracellular signaling cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2217-2230. [PMID: 19330070 PMCID: PMC2635620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical initial steps in insulin action include phosphorylation of adapter proteins and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). One of important components in this process is a protein called Akt/protein kinase B (PKB). The work of numerous different researchers indicates a role of PKB in regulating insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The crucial role of lipid second messengers in PKB activation has been dissected through the use of the PI3K-specific inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. Receptor-activated PI3K synthesizes the lipid second messenger PtdIns[3,4,5]-trisphosphate, leading to the recruitment of PKB to the membrane. Membrane attachment of PKB is mediated by its pleckstrin homology domain binding to PtdIns[3,4,5]-trisphosphate or PtdIns[3,4]-bisphosphate with high affinity. Activation of PKB alpha is then achieved at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation of Thr308 in the activation-loop of the kinase domain and Ser473 in the carboxy-terminal regulatory region, respectively. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is responsible for T308 phosphorylation. The usage of specific inhibitors and natural compound has significantly contributed to investigate the molecular mechanism of PI3K/PDK1/PKB signaling pathway, leading to the putative therapeutics benefits of patients. This review focuses on the contribution of natural inhibitor or compound in our understanding of the mechanism by which insulin induces, especially in PI3K/PDK1/PKB signaling.
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Monks NR, Liu S, Xu Y, Yu H, Bendelow AS, Moscow JA. Potent cytotoxicity of the phosphatase inhibitor microcystin LR and microcystin analogues in OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-expressing HeLa cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:587-98. [PMID: 17308056 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins are a family of cyclic peptides that are potent inhibitors of the protein phosphatase families PP1 and PP2A. Only three human proteins are thought to be able to mediate the hepatic uptake of microcystins (the organic anion-transporting polypeptides OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP1A2), and the predominant hepatic expression of these transporters accounts for the liver-specific toxicity of microcystins. A significant obstacle in the study of microcystins as anticancer drugs is the requirement of specific transport proteins for cellular uptake. We report that OATP1B3 mRNA is up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer tumors in comparison with normal control tissues. This finding led to the exploration of microcystins as potential anticancer agents. We have developed a HeLa cell model with functional OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 activity. Transiently transfected HeLa cells are over 1,000-fold more sensitive to microcystin LR than the vector-transfected control cells, showing that transporter expression imparts marked selectivity for microcystin cytotoxicity. In addition, microcystin analogues showed variable cytotoxicities in the OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-transfected cells, including two analogues with IC(50) values <1 nmol/L. Cytotoxicity of microcystin analogues seems to correlate to the inhibition of PP2A in these cells and induces rapid cell death as seen by chromatin condensation and cell fragmentation. These studies show that microcystin-induced phosphatase inhibition results in potent cytotoxicity when microcystin compounds can gain intracellular access and are a potent novel class of therapeutic agents for tumors expressing these uptake proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel R Monks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Room J457, 740 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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Differential expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by okadaic acid during the transformation process of BALB/c 3T3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:116-27. [PMID: 17935941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a tumor promoter in two-stage carcinogenesis experiments. Nevertheless, the effects of OA on cell transformation, cell proliferation and apoptosis vary widely, and the molecular events underlying these effects of OA are not well understood. In the present study, we examined the promoting activity and the associated effects on cell growth and apoptosis mediated by OA in BALB/c 3T3 cells, and evaluated alterations of gene transcriptional expression by microarray analysis. The promoting activity of OA was estimated by a two-stage transformation assay, in which cells were treated first with a low dose of the initiator N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and then with OA for 14 days. It showed that OA, at concentrations of 7.8-31.3 ng/ml, enhanced the transformation of MNNG-treated cells. In the promotion phase, cells exposed to OA (7.8 ng/ml) grew slowly for the first 2 days and subsequently died. As determined by Hoechst 33342 fluorescent dye and Annexin-V/PI dual-colored flow cytometry, OA induced morphologically apoptotic cells and increased the percentage of early apoptotic cells. The gene expression profile induced by OA at five time points in the promotion phase was determined by use of a specific mouse toxicological microarray containing 1796 clones, and a total of 177 differentially expressed genes were identified. By gene ontology analysis, 31 of these were determined to be functionally involved with cell growth and/or maintenance. In this group, numerous genes associated with the cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were down-regulated at early and/or middle time points. Among these was a subset of genes associated with apoptosis, in which Bnip3, Cycs, Casp3 and Bag1 genes are involved in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Ier3, Mdm2 and Bnip3 genes may be p53 targets. Furthermore, real-time PCR confirmed the expression changes of five genes selected at random from the differentially expressed genes. We conclude that OA induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in the two-stage, MNNG-initiated transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells. The results of gene expression profile analysis imply that multiple molecular pathways are involved in OA-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Mitochondrial and p53-associated apoptotic pathways also may contribute to OA-induced apoptosis.
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