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Autio AH, Paavola J, Tervonen J, Lång M, Elomaa AP, Huuskonen TJ, Huttunen J, Kärkkäinen V, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Lindgren AE, Koivisto T, Kurola J, Jääskeläinen JE, Kämäräinen OP. Acute evacuation of 54 intracerebral hematomas (aICH) during the microsurgical clipping of a ruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm-illustration of the individual clinical courses and outcomes with a serial brain CT/MRI panel until 12 months. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:17. [PMID: 38231317 PMCID: PMC10794262 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH), our review showed the lack of the patient's individual (i) timeline panels and (ii) serial brain CT/MRI slice panels through the aICH evacuation and neurointensive care until the final brain tissue outcome. METHODS Our retrospective cohort consists of 54 consecutive aICH patients from a defined population who acutely underwent the clipping of a middle cerebral artery bifurcation saccular aneurysm (Mbif sIA) with the aICH evacuation at Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) from 2010 to 2019. We constructed the patient's individual timeline panels since the emergency call and serial brain CT/MRI slice panels through the aICH evacuation and neurointensive care until the final brain tissue outcome. The patients were indicated by numbers (1.-54.) in the pseudonymized panels, tables, results, and discussion. RESULTS The aICH volumes on KUH admission (median 46 cm3) plotted against the time from the emergency call to the evacuation (median 8 hours) associated significantly with the rebleeds (n=25) and the deaths (n=12). The serial CT/MRI slice panels illustrated the aICHs, intraventricular hemorrhages (aIVHs), residuals after the aICH evacuations, perihematomal edema (PHE), delayed cerebral injury (DCI), and in the 42 survivors, the clinical outcome (mRS) and the brain tissue outcome. CONCLUSIONS Regarding aICH evacuations, serial brain CT/MRI panels present more information than words, figures, and graphs. Re-bleeds associated with larger aICH volumes and worse outcomes. Swift logistics until the sIA occlusion with aICH evacuation is required, also in duty hours and weekends. Intraoperative CT is needed to illustrate the degree of aICH evacuation. PHE may evoke uncontrollable intracranial pressure (ICP) in spite of the acute aICH volume reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina H Autio
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Juho Paavola
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Tervonen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maarit Lång
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Elomaa
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi J Huuskonen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kärkkäinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E Lindgren
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Koivisto
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Kurola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha E Jääskeläinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Kämäräinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Hoh BL, Ko NU, Amin-Hanjani S, Chou SHY, Cruz-Flores S, Dangayach NS, Derdeyn CP, Du R, Hänggi D, Hetts SW, Ifejika NL, Johnson R, Keigher KM, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Lucke-Wold B, Rabinstein AA, Robicsek SA, Stapleton CJ, Suarez JI, Tjoumakaris SI, Welch BG. 2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023; 54:e314-e370. [PMID: 37212182 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage" replaces the 2012 "Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." The 2023 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS A comprehensive search for literature published since the 2012 guideline, derived from research principally involving human subjects, published in English, and indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline, was conducted between March 2022 and June 2022. In addition, the guideline writing group reviewed documents on related subject matter previously published by the American Heart Association. Newer studies published between July 2022 and November 2022 that affected recommendation content, Class of Recommendation, or Level of Evidence were included if appropriate. Structure: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a significant global public health threat and a severely morbid and often deadly condition. The 2023 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage guideline provides recommendations based on current evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to preventing, diagnosing, and managing patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' and their families' and caregivers' interests. Many recommendations from the previous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.
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Nguyen TA, Mai TD, Vu LD, Dao CX, Ngo HM, Hoang HB, Tran TA, Pham TQ, Pham DT, Nguyen MH, Nguyen LQ, Dao PV, Nguyen DN, Vuong HTT, Vu HD, Nguyen DD, Vu TD, Nguyen DT, Do ALN, Pham QT, Khuat NH, Duong NV, Ngo CC, Do SN, Nguyen HT, Nguyen CV, Nguyen AD, Luong CQ. Factors related to intracerebral haematoma in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in Vietnam: a multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066186. [PMID: 37085308 PMCID: PMC10124281 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of intracerebral haematoma (ICH) on the outcomes and the factors related to an ICH in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) in a low- and middle-income country. DESIGN A multicentre prospective cohort study. SETTING Three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS This study included all patients (≥18 years) presenting with aSAH to the three central hospitals within 4 days of ictus, from August 2019 to June 2021, and excluded patients for whom the admission Glasgow Coma Scale was unable to be scored or patients who became lost at 90 days of follow-up during the study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was ICH after aneurysm rupture, defined as ICH detected on an admission head CT scan. The secondary outcomes were 90-day poor outcomes and 90-day death. RESULTS Of 415 patients, 217 (52.3%) were females, and the median age was 57.0 years (IQR: 48.0-67.0). ICH was present in 20.5% (85/415) of patients with aSAH. There was a significant difference in the 90-day poor outcomes (43.5% (37/85) and 29.1% (96/330); p=0.011) and 90-day mortality (36.5% (31/85) and 20.0% (66/330); p=0.001) between patients who had ICH and patients who did not have ICH. The multivariable regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.674; 95% CI: 1.372 to 5.214; p=0.004), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades II (AOR: 3.683; 95% CI: 1.250 to 10.858; p=0.018) to V (AOR: 6.912; 95% CI: 2.553 to 18.709; p<0.001) and a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm (AOR: 3.717; 95% CI: 1.848 to 7.477; p<0.001) were independently associated with ICH on admission. CONCLUSIONS In this study, ICH was present in a substantial proportion of patients with aSAH and contributed significantly to a high rate of poor outcomes and death. Higher SBP, worse WFNS grades and ruptured MCA aneurysms were independently associated with ICH on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ton Duy Mai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Stroke Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Luu Dang Vu
- Department of Radiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Radiology Centre, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Co Xuan Dao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Center for Critical Care Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Manh Ngo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery II, Neurosurgery Center, Vietnam-Germany Friendship Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Bui Hoang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Anh Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Radiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Radiology Centre, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trang Quynh Pham
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung Thi Pham
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - My Ha Nguyen
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Linh Quoc Nguyen
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Viet Dao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Stroke Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hien Thi Thu Vuong
- Department of Emergency, Vietnam-Czechoslovakia Friendship Hospital, Hai Phong, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Dinh Vu
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dong Duc Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery II, Neurosurgery Center, Vietnam-Germany Friendship Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Dang Vu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency, Agriculture General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Anh Le Ngoc Do
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Thi Pham
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhung Hong Khuat
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Intensive Care and Poison Control, Duc Giang General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ninh Van Duong
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Intensive Care and Poison Control, Dien Bien Provincial General Hospital, Dien Bien Phu, Viet Nam
| | - Cong Chi Ngo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency, Military Central Hospital 108, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Son Ngoc Do
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Center for Critical Care Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hao The Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Van Nguyen
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Dat Nguyen
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Quoc Luong
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu D. Intracranial Aneurysms Induced by RUNX1 Through Regulation of NFKB1 in Patients With Hypertension-An Integrated Analysis Based on Multiple Datasets and Algorithms. Front Neurol 2022; 13:877801. [PMID: 35655614 PMCID: PMC9152011 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to identify potential therapeutic targets by examining the hub genes contributing to progression of intracranial aneurysm (IA) in patients with hypertension. Methods The bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets of hypertension and IA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) database. These data were then used to calculate disease-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the individual level. An scRNA-seq dataset of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was used to analyze monocyte/macrophage-related DEGs. On the basis of the DEG data related to monocytes and macrophages, a TF-genes network has been developed. Hub genes and core sub-networks have also been identified. Furthermore, the key genes have been validated in an external cohort. Results From combined monocyte and macrophage-derived DEGs from abdominal aortic aneurysms, five hub DEGs were detected, including IFI30, SERPINE1, HMOX1, IL24, and RUNX1. A total of 57 genes were found in the IA bulk RNA-seq dataset. A support vector machine-recursive feature elimination algorithm (SVM-RFE) was applied to further screen the seven genes (RPS4Y1, DDX3Y, RUNX1, CLEC10A, PLAC8, SLA, and LILRB3). RUNX1 was the hub gene that regulated NFKB1 in the monocyte/macrophage-related network. And RUNX1 is implicated in IA progression by regulating hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and abnormal platelet production, according to gene set enrichment analysis. Conclusion Among patients with hypertension, RUNX1 in monocytes and macrophages was associated with a higher risk of IA through its regulation of NFKB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
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Ni H, Zhao LB, Liu S, Jia ZY, Cao YZ, Shi HB. Intracranial hematoma following ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms: risk factors, outcome, and prognostic factors after management of coiling first. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:neurintsurg-2021-017506. [PMID: 34158400 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the risk factors for intracranial hematoma (ICH) development following ruptured anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms and to determine prognostic factors associated with unfavorable outcomes after coiling first. METHODS From March 2014 to February 2020, 235 patients with ruptured AcomA aneurysms underwent endovascular treatment in our department. The clinical and radiographic conditions were collected retrospectively. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of ≤ 2 were accepted as favorable outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify significant factors contributing to the incidence of ICHs and to unfavorable outcomes. RESULTS Of these 235 patients, 68 had additional ICHs. A posterior orientation of ruptured AcomA aneurysms was the independent variable associated with the incidence of ICHs (OR 3.675; p<0.001). Furthermore, having preoperative Hunt-Hess grades Ⅳ-Ⅴ was an independent variable associated with unfavorable outcomes for ICH patients (OR 80.000; p<0.001). Among the 68 patients with ICHs, 40% (27/68) had Hunt-Hess grades IV-V. Four percent of patients (3/68) underwent surgical hematoma evacuation after the coiling procedure and 15% of the patients (10/68) underwent external ventricular drainage. A favorable outcome was achieved in 72% (49/68) of patients with ruptured AcomA aneurysms. The mortality rate was 21% (14/68) at 6 months. CONCLUSION A posterior orientation of ruptured AcomA aneurysms was associated with the incidence of ICHs. Coiling first with surgical management if necessary seems to be an acceptable treatment for ruptured AcomA aneurysms with ICHs. The clinical outcome was associated with the clinical neurological status on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Bo Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jia
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Zhou Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Aktham A, AbdulAzeez MM, Hoz SS. Surgical Intervention of Intracerebral Hematoma Caused by Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm in Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Neurol India 2020; 68:124-131. [PMID: 32129261 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.279677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of intracerebral hematoma among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is up to third of the cases (12%-35%). The presence of an aneurysm with ICH negatively influences the patient's presentation, course, and outcome, and may be associated with an increased re-hemorrhage rate, vasospasm, cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus. Aneurysm obliteration and hematoma evacuation have been associated with a favourable outcome. Aim of Study To explore the effectiveness and the prognostic factors for patients with middle cerebral artery aneurysm associated with intracerebral hematoma treated by early surgical clipping of the aneurysm with hematoma evacuation. Patients and Method We analysed 21 patients with intracerebral hematoma caused by ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm presented to the Neurosurgery teaching hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. Parameters included five broad categories: demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical, and outcome. Results We found the following factors significantly related with unfavorable patient outcome: Preoperative cranial nerves deficit, dysphasia, severe contralateral weakness, presence of dilated ventricles in CT scan, presence of IVH in CT scan, aneurysm location in the dominant (left) hemisphere, high modified-Fisher grade, duration of surgery more than six hours, occurrence of intraoperative aneurysm rupture, poor postoperative GCS, occurrence postoperative vasospasm, more severe postoperative contralateral weakness, and the presence of postoperative seizure. While the good initial GCS and early surgery significantly related to favourable patient outcome. Conclusion Early surgical intervention of intracerebral hematoma caused by ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm has a favourable outcome in general and should be supported with consideration of the significant prognostic factors for each patient before the commencement of the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awfa Aktham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Samer S Hoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
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Gerner ST, Hülsbrink R, Reichl J, Mrochen A, Eyüpoglu IY, Brandner S, Dörfler A, Engelhorn T, Kuramatsu JB, Schwab S, Huttner HB. Parenchymatous hematoma in patients with atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: Characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Int J Stroke 2020; 16:648-659. [PMID: 33210962 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020971878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the influence of concomitant parenchymatous hematoma (PH) on long-term outcomes in patients with atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are scarce. Further, it is not established if these patients benefit from surgical intervention. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the influence of concomitant PH in SAH patients on functional long-term outcome, and whether these patients may benefit from surgical hematoma evacuation. METHODS Over a 5-year period, all consecutive patients with SAH treated at the Departments of Neurology, Neuroradiology, and Neurosurgery, at the University Hospital Erlangen (Germany) were recorded. In addition to the clinical and imaging characteristics of SAH, we documented the presence, location, and volume of PH as well as treatment parameters. Outcome assessment at 12 months included functional outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS), favorable = 0-2), health-related quality of life, and long-term complications. For outcome analysis, a propensity score matching (ratio 1:1, caliper 0.1) was performed to compare SAH patients with and without PH. Sub-analyses were performed regarding PH treatment (surgical evacuation vs. conservative). RESULTS A total of 494 patients with atraumatic SAH were available. Eighty-five (17.2%) had PH on initial imaging. SAH patients with PH had a worse clinical condition on admission and had a greater extent of subarachnoid/intraventricular hemorrhage. Median PH volume was 11.0 ml (5.4-31.8) with largest volumes observed in patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA)-aneurysm (31.7 ml (16.3-43.2)). After propensity-score matching (PSM), patients with PH had worse functional outcomes at 12 months (modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-2: PH 31.8% vs. ØPH57.7% p < 0.001), and a lower rate of self-reported health compared to patients without PH (EQ-5D VAS: PH 50(30-70) vs. ØPH 80(65-95); p < 0.001). In PH patients, surgical evacuation was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome at 12 months compared to those treated conservatively (surgery 14/28 (50.0%) vs. conservative 14/57 (24.6%); adjusted odds-ratio (OR; 95%CI): 1.34 (1.08-1.66); p = 0.001), irrespective of aneurysm location. Subgroup-analysis revealed positive associations of surgical hematoma evacuation with outcome in subgroups with larger PH volumes (>10 ml; OR (95%CI): 1.39 (1.09-1.79)), frontal PH location (OR 1.59 (1.14-2.23)), and early surgery (within 600 min after onset; OR 1.42 (1.03-1.94)). CONCLUSIONS Concomitant PH occurs frequently in patients with SAH and is associated with functional impairment after 1 year. Surgical evacuation of PH may improve outcomes in these patients, irrespective of aneurysm-location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Hülsbrink
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Reichl
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Mrochen
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilker Y Eyüpoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joji B Kuramatsu
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Combined surgery and embolization to treat ruptured cerebral aneurysms with cerebral hematoma and intracranial hypertension: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature. RADIOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tratamiento combinado, mediante embolización y cirugía, de los aneurismas cerebrales rotos con hematoma cerebral e hipertensión intracraneal: Análisis retrospectivo y revisión de la bibliografía. RADIOLOGIA 2019; 61:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Darkwah Oppong M, Skowronek V, Pierscianek D, Gembruch O, Herten A, Saban DV, Dammann P, Forsting M, Sure U, Jabbarli R. Aneurysmal intracerebral hematoma: Risk factors and surgical treatment decisions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 173:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Zijlstra IA, van der Steen WE, Verbaan D, Majoie CB, Marquering HA, Coert BA, Vandertop WP, van den Berg R. Ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms with a concomitant intraparenchymal hematoma: the role of hematoma volume. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:335-342. [PMID: 29356856 PMCID: PMC5799354 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-1978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study whether clinical outcome data from our patient cohort could give support to the new recommendation in the AHA/ASA guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage that states "that microsurgical clipping may receive increased consideration in patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms and large (>50 mL) intraparenchymal hematomas", while clinical outcome data supporting this recommendation are sparse. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 81 consecutive patients with MCA aneurysms and concomitant hematomas admitted between January 2006 and December 2015. The relation between (semi-automatically quantified) hematoma volume (< or > 50 ml), neurological condition on admission (poor: GCS < 8 or non-reactive pupils), treatment strategies (no treatment, coiling, or clipping with or without decompression and/or clot removal), and outcome (favorable: mRS score 0-3) was evaluated. RESULTS Clinical outcome data were available for 76 patients. A significant difference in favorable outcome (17 vs 68%) was seen when comparing patients with poor and good neurological condition on admission (p < 0.01). Patients with hematomas > 50 ml had similar outcomes for coiling and clipping, all underwent decompression. Patients with hematomas < 50 ml did not show differences in favorable outcome when comparing coiling and clipping with (33 and 31%) or without decompression (90 and 88%). CONCLUSION Poor neurological condition on admission, and not large intraparenchymal hematoma volume, was associated with poor clinical outcome. Therefore, even in patients with large hematomas, the neurological condition on admission and the aneurysm configuration seem to be equally important factors to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Zijlstra
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - W E van der Steen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Verbaan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C B Majoie
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H A Marquering
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B A Coert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W P Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R van den Berg
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Jabbarli R, Reinhard M, Roelz R, Shah M, Niesen WD, Kaier K, Taschner C, Weyerbrock A, Van Velthoven V. Intracerebral Hematoma Due to Aneurysm Rupture: Are There Risk Factors Beyond Aneurysm Location? Neurosurgery 2017; 78:813-20. [PMID: 26619334 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a ruptured aneurysm may also cause an intracerebral hematoma (ICH), which negatively impacts the functional outcome of SAH. OBJECTIVE To identify independent risk factors of aneurysmal ICH. METHODS Six hundred thirty-two consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH treated at our institution from January 2005 to December 2012 were eligible for this study. Demographic parameters and preexisting comorbidities of patients, as well as various clinical and radiographic characteristics of SAH were correlated with the incidence and volume of aneurysmal ICH. RESULTS One hundred fifty-five patients (25%) had ICH on initial computed tomography with a mean volume of 26.7 mL (±26.8 mL). Occurrence and volume of ICH were associated with the location (distal anterior or middle cerebral artery >proximal anterior cerebral or internal carotid artery >posterior circulation, P < .001/P < .001) and size (>12 mm, P = .026/P < .001) of the ruptured aneurysm. Vascular risk factors independently increased the risk of ICH as well (arterial hypertension: odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, P = .032; diabetes mellitus: OR = 3.06, P = .009), while the use of aspirin (P = .037) correlated with the volume of ICH. The predictors of ICH were included into a risk score (0-9 points) that strongly predicted the occurrence of ICH (P = .01). Poor functional outcome after SAH was independently associated with the occurrence of ICH (P = .003, OR = 2.77) and its volume (P = .001, OR = 1.07 per-mL-increase). CONCLUSION Aneurysmal ICH is strongly associated with poorer functional outcome and seems to be predictable even before the bleeding event. The proposed risk factors for aneurysmal ICH require further validation and may be considered for treatment decisions regarding unruptured intracranial aneurysms. ABBREVIATIONS ACA, anterior cerebral arteryDHC, decompressive hemicraniectomyEVD, external ventricular drainageICA, internal carotid arteryICH, intracerebral hematomaMCA, middle cerebral arterymRS, modified Rankin scalePC, posterior circulationSAH, subarachnoid hemorrhageSIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndromeTCD, transcranial Doppler sonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Jabbarli
- *Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ‡Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; §Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ‖Institute for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ¶Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Kim SH, Kim TG, Kong MH. A Less Invasive Strategy for Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with Intracerebral Hematomas: Endovascular Coil Embolization Followed by Stereotactic Aspiration of Hematomas Using Urokinase. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2017; 19:81-91. [PMID: 29152466 PMCID: PMC5678216 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2017.19.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aneurysm clipping and simultaneous hematoma evacuation through open craniotomy is traditionally recommended for ruptured cerebral aneurysms accompanied by intracerebral or intrasylvian hemorrhages. We report our experience of adapting a less invasive treatment strategy in poor-grade patients with intracerebral or intrasylvian hemorrhages associated with ruptured cerebral aneurysms, where the associated ruptured cerebral aneurysms were managed by endovascular coil embolization, followed by stereotactic aspiration of hematomas (SRH) using urokinase. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 112 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. There were accompanying intracerebral or intrasylvian hemorrhages in 36 patients (32.1%). The most common site for these ruptured aneurysms was the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (n = 15; 41.6%). Endovascular coil embolization followed by SRH using urokinase was performed in 9 patients (25%). Results In these 9 patients, the most common site of aneurysms was the MCA (n = 3; 33.4%); the hematoma volume ranged from 19.24 to 61.68 mL. Four patients who were World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade-IV on admission, achieved favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Score [GOS] 4 or 5) at 6-months postoperatively. In the five patients who were WFNS grade-V on admission, one achieved a favorable outcome, whereas 4 achieved GOS scores of 2 or 3, 6-months postoperatively. There was no mortality. Conclusion If immediate hematoma evacuation is not mandated by clinical or radiological signs of brain herniation, a less invasive strategy, such as endovascular coil embolization followed by SRH using urokinase, may be a good alternative in poor-grade patients with intracerebral or intrasylvian hemorrhages associated with ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heum Kim
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Gon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Ho Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Dinc N, Lescher S, Quick-Weller J, Berkefeld J, Platz J, Senft C, Seifert V, Konczalla J. Outcome, Prognostic Factors, and Follow-Up Results After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2017; 99:566-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Wan A, Jaja BNR, Schweizer TA, Macdonald RL. Clinical characteristics and outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracerebral hematoma. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:1344-1351. [PMID: 26918469 DOI: 10.3171/2015.10.jns151036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hematoma (ICH) with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) indicates a unique feature of intracranial aneurysm rupture since the aneurysm is in the subarachnoid space and separated from the brain by pia mater. Broad consensus is lacking regarding the concept that ultra-early treatment improves outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the associative factors for ICH, ascertain the prognostic value of ICH, and investigate how the timing of treatment relates to the outcome of SAH with concurrent ICH. METHODS The study data were pooled from the SAH International Trialists repository. Logistic regression was applied to study the associations of clinical and aneurysm characteristics with ICH. Proportional odds models and dominance analysis were applied to study the effect of ICH on 3-month outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale) and investigate the effect of time from ictus to treatment on outcome. RESULTS Of the 5362 SAH patients analyzed, 1120 (21%) had concurrent ICH. In order of importance, neurological status, aneurysm location, aneurysm size, and patient ethnicity were significantly associated with ICH. Patients with ICH experienced poorer outcome than those without ICH (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.37-1.82). Treatment within 6 hours of SAH was associated with poorer outcome than treatment thereafter (adjusted OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.04-2.69). Subgroup analysis with adjustment for ICH volume, location, and midline shift resulted in no association between time from ictus to treatment and outcome (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.94-1.07). CONCLUSIONS The most important associative factor for ICH is neurological status on admission. The finding regarding the value of ultra-early treatment suggests the need to more robustly reevaluate the concept that hematoma evacuation of an ICH and repair of a ruptured aneurysm within 6 hours of ictus is the most optimal treatment path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto; and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blessing N R Jaja
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto; and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto; and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Loch Macdonald
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto; and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Meneghelli P, Cozzi F, Hasanbelliu A, Locatelli F, Pasqualin A. Surgical Management of Aneurysmal Hematomas: Prognostic Factors and Outcome. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 123:3-11. [PMID: 27637622 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29887-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
From 1991 until 2013, 304 patients with intracranial hematomas from aneurysmal rupture were managed surgically in our department, constituting 17 % of all patients with aneurysmal rupture. Of them, 242 patents presented with isolated intracerebral hematomas (in 69 cases associated with significant intraventricular hemorrhage), 50 patients presented with combined intracerebral and subdural hematomas (in 11 cases associated with significant intraventricular hemorrhage), and 12 presented with an isolated subdural hematoma. The surgical procedure consisted of simultaneous clipping of the aneurysm and evacuation of the hematoma in all cases. After surgery, 16 patients (5 %) submitted to an additional decompressive hemicraniectomy, and 66 patients (21 %) submitted to a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Clinical outcomes were assessed at discharge and at 6 months, using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); a favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) was observed in 10 % of the cases at discharge, increasing to 31 % at 6 months; 6-month mortality was 40 %. Applying uni- and multivariate analysis, the following risk factors were associated with a significantly worse outcome: age >60; preoperative Hunt-Hess grades IV-V; pupillary mydriasis (only on univariate); midline shift >10 mm; hematoma volume >30 cc; and the presence of hemocephalus (i.e., packed intraventricular hemorrhage). Based on these results, an aggressive surgical treatment should be adopted for most cases with aneurysmal hematomas, excluding patients with bilateral mydriasis persisting after rescue therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/complications
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/surgery
- Cerebral Angiography
- Computed Tomography Angiography
- Decompressive Craniectomy
- Endovascular Procedures
- Female
- Hematoma/diagnostic imaging
- Hematoma/etiology
- Hematoma/surgery
- Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging
- Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/etiology
- Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/surgery
- Humans
- Intracranial Aneurysm/complications
- Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging
- Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Mydriasis/etiology
- Neurosurgical Procedures
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery
- Surgical Instruments
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
- Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meneghelli
- Section of Vascular Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, University and City Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37128, Verona, Italy
| | - F Cozzi
- Section of Vascular Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, University and City Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37128, Verona, Italy
| | - A Hasanbelliu
- Section of Vascular Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, University and City Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37128, Verona, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University and City Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Pasqualin
- Section of Vascular Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, University and City Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37128, Verona, Italy.
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17
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Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Salaud C, Hamel O, Riem T, Desal H, Buffenoir K. Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with intracerebral hematoma: Is there an indication for coiling first? Study of 44 cases. Interv Neuroradiol 2015; 22:5-11. [PMID: 26634802 DOI: 10.1177/1591019915617320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (ASH) with intracerebral hematoma (ICH) has a poor prognosis. The treatment is to secure the aneurysm and do an ICH evacuation. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine if aneurysm coiling followed by ICH evacuation is a viable alternative treatment compared to exclusive surgery, regardless of the clinical or paraclinical presentations. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted between 2004 and 2014, which included 44 patients. The patients were divided up in four groups. Two were principal groups: The clipped group (aneurysm clipping with ICH evacuation) and the coiled group (aneurysm coiling, followed by ICH evacuation); and two were subgroups of the latter: Aneurysm coiling with ICH evacuation after 24 hours and ICH evacuation followed by aneurysm coiling. We studied the demographic and radiologic characteristics, and the 3-month outcome. RESULTS We included 17 patients in the coiled group: The outcome was better for the patients with World Federation of Neurosurgery (WFNS) scores of 1, 2 and 3; compared to the patients with WFNS scores 4 and 5. We included 16 patients in the clipped group: The outcome was better, compared the coiled group, for those patients with WFNS scores 4 and 5. Six patients were treated with aneurysm coiling, followed by ICH evacuation after 24 hours: 33% had a good outcome. Five patients were treated by ICH evacuation, followed by aneurysm coiling: None had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS It was necessary to realise a prospective study to compare the outcomes of patients with WFNS scores of 1, 2 or 3; between those with aneurysm coiling followed by ICH evacuation and aneurysm clipping with ICH evacuation, to determine the potential of using the coiling first, for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Salaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nantes Medical Center, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nantes Medical Center, Nantes, France
| | - Tanguy Riem
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nantes Medical Center, Nantes, France
| | - Hubert Desal
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Nantes Medical Center, Nantes, France
| | - Kevin Buffenoir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nantes Medical Center, Nantes, France
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19
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Life-Threatening Cerebral Hematoma Owing to Aneurysm Rupture. World Neurosurg 2015; 85:215-27. [PMID: 26361325 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To refine the surgical indications of surgery for life-threatening cerebral hematomas caused by aneurysm rupture, through the analysis of possible outcome predictors. METHODS Forty-nine consecutive patients requiring prompt clot evacuation were retrospectively reviewed. In all cases, the hematoma was equal to or greater than 60 mL. The bleeding aneurysm was located on the middle cerebral artery in 26 cases, on the internal carotid artery in 10 cases, and on the anterior cerebral artery in 13 cases; four aneurysms were giant. Six patients underwent aneurysm coiling followed by clot removal, whereas 43 patients were managed by concomitant clot evacuation and aneurysm clipping. The main clinical and radiologic features, the management paths and the treatment modalities were correlated with the outcomes. A statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS Overall mortality was 32.6%, severe morbidity was 22.4% and 22 patients (44.8%) achieved favorable results. The short-term results were more significantly influenced by the radiological parameters than by the initial clinical conditions. The prognostic weight of the radiologic findings was partially lost for six-month results, whereby management factors gained in importance. CONCLUSIONS The bleeding severity was strongly determinant for early mortality. However, if patients can survive the initial crucial phase, their chances of a favorable outcome are not negligible. Further improvement may be possible through better patient selection and the identification of nonsalvageable subjects.
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20
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Turner RD, Vargas J, Turk AS, Chaudry MI, Spiotta AM. Novel device and technique for minimally invasive intracerebral hematoma evacuation in the same setting of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm: combined treatment in the neurointerventional angiography suite. Neurosurgery 2015; 11 Suppl 2:43-50; discussion 50-1. [PMID: 25599210 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of intracerebral hematoma from aneurysm rupture is an indication for craniotomy for clot evacuation and aneurysm clipping. Some centers have begun securing aneurysms with coil embolization followed by clot evacuation in the operating room. This approach requires transporting a patient from the angiography suite to the operating room, which can take valuable time and resources. OBJECTIVE To report our experience with 3 cases in which a novel technique for minimally invasive evacuation of intracerebral hematomas after endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms was used. The Penumbra Apollo system can be used in the angiography suite in conjunction with neuroendovascular techniques to simultaneously address a symptomatic hematoma associated with a ruptured aneurysm. METHODS Standard preoperative computed tomography angiography was performed on arrival to the emergency department. The patients underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography followed by balloon-assisted coil embolization and then remained in the neurointerventional suite for intracerebral hematoma evacuation with the Apollo system. RESULTS All patients tolerated coil embolization and hematoma evacuation well. The combined procedures lasted <3 hours in both cases. Two patients were eventually discharged to acute rehabilitation facilities less than a month after their initial insult, and 1 has been cleared to return to work. The other patient was transferred to hospice care. CONCLUSION The Apollo aspiration system appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive option for intracerebral hematoma evacuation, particularly when coupled with endovascular embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Future work will address which patient population is most likely to benefit from this promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond D Turner
- *Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, ‡Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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21
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Stapleton CJ, Walcott BP, Fusco MR, Butler WE, Thomas AJ, Ogilvy CS. Surgical Management of Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms With Large Intraparenchymal or Sylvian Fissure Hematomas. Neurosurgery 2015; 76:258-64; discussion 264. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Craniotomy for hematoma evacuation and aneurysm clipping is the treatment modality of choice for ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms with intracranial hematomas. Recent literature suggests that endovascular coil embolization followed by hematoma evacuation can be an acceptable alternative.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine neurological outcomes in patients with ruptured MCA aneurysms and intraparenchymal or sylvian fissure hematomas.
METHODS:
The records of 49 patients with ruptured MCA aneurysms with large intracranial hematomas treated with hematoma evacuation and aneurysm clipping between January 2000 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS:
Within this cohort, 35 patients (71.4%) were Hunt and Hess grade IV or V on presentation. The mean hematoma volume was 100.4 ± 77.2 mL. Craniectomy was performed in 40 patients (81.6%). Angiographic vasospasm developed in 15 patients (30.6%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 28.6% (14 patients). At a mean of 25.3 ± 34.0 months follow-up, a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–3) was observed in 18 patients (36.7%). Significant factors associated with poor outcome or death (mRS scores of 4–6) included increasing age (P < .01), increasing Hunt and Hess grade (P = .03), increasing modified Fisher grade (P = .01), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P < .01), decreasing percentage of hematoma evacuation (P < .05), need for craniectomy (P <. 01), need for external ventricular drainage (P = .04), and angiographic vasospasm (P = .02).
CONCLUSION:
MCA aneurysm rupture with concomitant large intraparenchymal or sylvian fissure hematoma formation carries a grave prognosis. Simultaneous hematoma evacuation and aneurysm clipping with or without craniectomy can be an effective treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian P. Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R. Fusco
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William E. Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ajith J. Thomas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher S. Ogilvy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma caused by aneurysms of the anterior circulation: influence of hematoma localization on outcome. Neurosurg Rev 2014; 37:653-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Egashira Y, Yoshimura S, Enomoto Y, Ishiguro M, Asano T, Iwama T. Ultra-early endovascular embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysm and the increased risk of hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding. J Neurosurg 2013; 118:1003-8. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.11.jns12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding is recognized as a somewhat common complication following endovascular embolization of ruptured aneurysms, but it is scarcely studied. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible risk factors for this phenomenon.
Methods
Included in this study were 101 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent endovascular embolization for saccular aneurysms at the authors' institution within 72 hours of symptom onset. All endovascular procedures were conducted under intraprocedural systemic anticoagulation. Age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, preoperative antiplatelet or anticoagulation use, neurological grade, Fisher grade, location and size of the aneurysm, grade of aneurysm occlusion, and timing of the endovascular procedure were retrospectively analyzed to determine the risk factors for hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding. To determine the clinical significance of this complication, the authors also investigated the risk factors for poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale Scores 3–6 at 30 days after onset).
Results
This series included 32 men (31.7%) and 69 women (68.3%) with a mean age ± SD of 65.5 ± 14.0 years. The mean time from onset to endovascular procedure was 12.1 ± 14.0 hours. After the procedure, hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding occurred in 14 patients (13.9%), 10 of whom required surgical removal of the hematoma and/or ventriculostomy to control intracranial pressure. All 14 patients had an anterior circulation aneurysm and had Fisher Grade 3 or 4 SAH. Ultra-early embolization (conducted within 6 hours after onset), female sex, history of hypertension, and poor neurological grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grades IV and V) were significant risk factors for hematoma growth (p < 0.05 for all, univariate logistic analysis). In multivariate analysis, ultra-early embolization (OR 18.0 [95% CI 3.26–338], p < 0.001) and female sex (OR 9.83 [95% CI 1.73–187], p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for this phenomenon. Anterior circulation aneurysms and Fisher Grade 3 or 4 SAH were also revealed to be significant risk factors (p = 0.02 for each, chi-square test). Furthermore, hematoma growth without aneurysmal rebleeding was determined as an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcome by multivariate logistic analysis (OR 11.8 [95% CI 2.31–87.1], p = 0.002).
Conclusions
Ultra-early endovascular embolization for ruptured cerebral aneurysms under systemic anticoagulation increases the risk of growth of hematomas unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding. It is important to recognize the risk of this complication and to either reduce the amount of heparin or to refer the patient for direct clipping if appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takahiko Asano
- 2Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu-city, Gifu, Japan
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YAMAZAKI T, SONOBE M, KATO N, KASUYA H, IKEDA G, NAKAMURA K, ITO Y, TSURUTA W, NAKAI Y, MATSUMURA A. Endovascular Coiling as the First Treatment Strategy for Ruptured Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms: Results, Complications, and Follow Up. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2013; 53:409-17. [PMID: 23803620 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.53.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomosato YAMAZAKI
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center
| | - Makoto SONOBE
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center
| | - Noriyuki KATO
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center
| | - Hiromichi KASUYA
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center
| | - Go IKEDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center
| | | | - Yoshiro ITO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital
| | - Wataro TSURUTA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yasunobu NAKAI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Akira MATSUMURA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Lee CS, Park JU, Kang JG, Lim YC. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms associated with intracerebral hematoma. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2012; 14:181-5. [PMID: 23210045 PMCID: PMC3491212 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2012.14.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with an intracerebral hematoma (ICH) associated with a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm, and the correlation factors associated with the aneurysm and characteristics of the hematoma. Methods A retrospective evaluation of clinical and radiologic characteristics and outcomes was conducted for 24 patients (11 men and 13 women; mean age, 53 years) with ruptured MCA aneurysms associated with ICH between September 2008 and December 2011. Results Thirteen (54%) of the 24 patients had a favorable outcome, four (17%) suffered from severe disability, and seven (29%) died. Based on Hunt and Hess grade, one patient was classified as Grade II, three as Grade III, 12 as Grade IV, and eight as Grade V. Patients with an unfavorable outcome had significantly larger aneurysms (p = 0.047) and ICH volumes (p = 0.002), compared with patients in the group with a favorable outcome. The most frequent rupture point of aneurysms was the lateral aspect of the aneurysm (54.2%). When the rupture point is toward the lateral direction, the distribution of ICH tended to be located at the temporal lobe and intrasylvian. Conclusion Results of the present study suggest an association of the initial clinical state, the size of the aneurysm, and ICH volume with outcome. Although no difference was observed between the location of the rupture point and patient outcomes, an accurate assessment of ICH patterns and the rupture point in angiography may help to ensure surgical exposure and a safe aneurysm clipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Sacho RH, Dulhanty L, Holland JP, Patel HC. Outcome in patients presenting with an aneurysm related intracerebral haemorrhage in the post-ISAT era. Br J Neurosurg 2012; 27:194-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2012.717980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The emergence of dedicated neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care units, advancements in endovascular therapies, and aggressive brain resuscitation and monitoring have contributed to overall improved outcomes for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) over the past 20 to 30 years. Still, this feared neurologic emergency is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. Emergency care for patients with aSAH focuses on stabilization, treatment of the aneurysm, controlling intracranial hypertension to optimize cerebral perfusion, and limiting secondary brain injury. This complex disorder can be associated with many neurologic complications such as acute hydrocephalus, rebleeding, global cerebral edema, seizures, vasospasm, and delayed cerebral ischemia in addition to systemic complications such as electrolyte imbalances, cardiopulmonary injury, and infections. Background routine intensive care practices such as avoidance of hyperthermia, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, and avoidance of severe blood glucose derangements are additional important elements of care.
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Bohnstedt BN, Nguyen HS, Kulwin CG, Shoja MM, Helbig GM, Leipzig TJ, Payner TD, Cohen-Gadol AA. Outcomes for clip ligation and hematoma evacuation associated with 102 patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2012; 80:335-41. [PMID: 22465372 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated the implications of intracerebral hematoma (ICH) due to rupture of a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm and patient outcomes. We hypothesized that patients with Hunt-Hess (HH) grade IV-V may not benefit from aggressive measures. METHODS A prospectively acquired aneurysm database was examined. We found 144 patients who harbored a ruptured MCA aneurysm and suffered from ICH or intrasylvian hematoma with or without subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mean age of our patients was 52.5 years (range, 10-82 years) with 87 women and 57 men. Of these, 122 (84.7%) underwent a combination of interventions, including clip ligation, hematoma evacuation, and/or endosaccular coiling; most patients underwent clip ligation at the same time as their hematoma was evacuated. The discharge information was not available for two patients. We examined significant associations among presenting details (e.g., age, sex, admission HH grade) and patients' final outcome. RESULTS The total in-hospital mortality rate was 49% (70 of 142 patients); 42% (51 of 120) for the patients who underwent an intervention and 86.4% (19 of 22) for those who did not undergo any intervention. Among our patients, approximately 52% with an admission HH grade of IV/V died in-hospital after surgery, whereas 21% with admission HH grade of I-III expired during the same time. In the patient cohort with presenting with HH grade IV and V, 4% (3 of 76) demonstrated Glasgow outcome scale 4-5 at discharge, whereas 15% (12 of 78) displayed Glasgow outcome scale 4-5 at 6-month follow-up. Age and sex did not affect outcome. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive clip ligation and hematoma evacuation remains a reasonable option for patients suffering from an ICH associated with a ruptured MCA aneurysm. Admission HH grade is the primary prognostic factor for outcome among this patient population as more than half of patients with HH grade IV and V expired during their hospitalization despite aggressive treatment of their hematoma and aneurysm. Long-term functional outcome was poor in up to 85% of surviving patients with HH grade IV-V. It may be beneficial to discuss these prognostic factors with the family before implementing aggressive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Bohnstedt
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage English Edition. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2012; 52:355-429. [DOI: 10.2176/nmc.52.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Decompressive hemicraniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2011; 74:465-71. [PMID: 21492596 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to document the effects of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) on neurologic outcome in patients treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and developing otherwise uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. METHODS Sixty-six of the 964 patients (6.8%) treated for aneurysmal SAH underwent DHC and were stratified as follows: Group 1, patients undergoing aneurysm clipping and DHC in one surgical sitting (i.e., primary DHC). Group 2, patients receiving aneurysm embolization and thereafter undergoing DHC. Group 3, patients undergoing standard aneurysm surgery and requiring DHC later in the post-SAH period. Group 4, patients with insufficient primary DHC and later requiring surgical enlargement of the craniectomy. RESULTS Outcome was not influenced by the timing of DHC, but depended on the pathology underlying intracranial hypertension (i.e., whether lesions were primary hemorrhagic or secondary ischemic in origin). Patients with large hematomas, undergoing primary, secondary, or repeat DHC (46/66) had significantly better outcomes than the 20 patients treated for edema and delayed ischemic infarctions. There were 16 (34.8%) of the 46 patients in the hematoma group, but only 2 (10.0%) of the 20 patients in the ischemia group had favorable neurologic outcomes, defined as modified Rankin Scale scores 0-3 (P value = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS In the largest series of SAH patients to date who received both microsurgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms, and who underwent DHC for otherwise uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. Neurologic outcome was significantly correlated with the pathology underlying intracranial hypertension. DHC beneficially affected neurologic outcomes in patients with space-occupying hematomas, whereas patients suffering delayed ischemic strokes did not benefit to the same extent.
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Coiling of Ruptured Aneurysms Followed by Evacuation of Hematoma. World Neurosurg 2010; 74:626-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chung J, Kim BM, Shin YS, Lim YC, Park SK. Treatment of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm accompanying intracerebral hematomas: endovascular coiling followed by hematoma evacuation with burr hole trephination and catheterization. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009; 151:917-23; discussion 923. [PMID: 19390774 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of endovascular coiling of ruptured anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms followed by intracerebral hematoma (ICH) evacuation with burr hole trephination and catheterization. METHODS Twelve patients treated by coiling with subsequent ICH drainage with burr hole trephination and catheterization were recruited from 290 patients with ruptured AcomA aneurysm in our hospital between January 2001 and June 2007. The clinical and radiographic characteristics and outcomes of the 12 patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS All 12 patients were male, aged from 29 to 62 years, and had ICHs with 16-ml to 45-ml volumes; nine (75%) of them had frontal ICHs on the opposite side of the dominant A1. Admission Hunt-Hess (HH) grade was 4 in eight patients, 3 in two, and 5 in two. The treatment outcomes in 8 of the 12 patients were good recovery or moderately disabled (Glasgow Outcome Scale; GOS 5 or 4), and functionally dependent (GOS 3 or 2) in the other 4 patients at the 6-month clinical follow-up. There was no rebleeding during the follow-up (mean, 22.9 months; range, 7 to 68 months). CONCLUSION The result of our series suggests that coiling with subsequent evacuation of the ICH with burr hole trephination and catheterization may be an alternative treatment option for ruptured AcomA aneurysm with an ICH requiring evacuation on the opposite side of the dominant A1.
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Kim SH, Yoon SM, Shim JJ, Bae HG. Coil Embolization of Aneurysm Followed by Stereotactic Aspiration of Hematoma in a Patient with Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Presenting with SAH and ICH. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008; 43:41-4. [PMID: 19096545 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2008.43.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though intracerebral hematoma (ICH) due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm has been treated by aneurysm clipping at the same time of removal of ICH through craniotomy, such management strategy is controversial in an aged patients with poor clinical grade. In this regards, stereotactic aspiration of hematoma following coil embolization can be an alternative treatment modality. Thus, the authors report a case of an aged patient who underwent stereotactic aspiration of ICH following coil embolization for the ruptured aneurysm with a brief review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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Güresir E, Beck J, Vatter H, Setzer M, Gerlach R, Seifert V, Raabe A. SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA. Neurosurgery 2008; 63:1088-93; discussion 1093-4. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000335170.76722.b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the incidence and impact of an intracerebral hematoma (ICH) on treatment and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
METHODS
Data of 585 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from June 1999 to December 2005 were prospectively entered in a database. ICH was diagnosed and size was measured by computed tomographic scan before aneurysm occlusion. Fifty patients (8.5%) presented with an ICH larger than 50 cm3. The treatment decision (coil, clip, or hematoma evacuation) was based on an interdisciplinary approach. Patients were stratified into good (Hunt and Hess Grades I–III) versus poor (Hunt and Hess Grades IV and V) grade, and outcome was assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale at 6 months.
RESULTS
Overall, 358 patients presented in good grade, with 4 of them having ICH (1.1%); and 227 patients presented in poor grade, with 46 of them having ICH (20.3%, P < 0.01). In good-grade patients with an ICH (n = 4), a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) was achieved in 1 patient (25%), and in 246 patients (75%) without an ICH (P = 0.053; odds ratio, 0.11). A favorable outcome was achieved in 5 poor-grade patients (12.8%) with an ICH and in 40 patients (23.7%) without an ICH (P = 0.19; odds ratio, 0.47). Time to treatment was significantly shorter in patients with an ICH than without an ICH (median, 7 versus 26 h; P < 0.001) and shortest in patients with favorable outcome (3.5 hours; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The current data confirm that the presence of an ICH is a predictor of unfavorable outcome. However, despite large ICHs, a significant number of patients have a good outcome. To achieve a favorable outcome, ultra-early treatment with hematoma evacuation and aneurysm obliteration seems to be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Setzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerlach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Raabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Shen J, Xie L, Mao X, Zhou Y, Zhan R, Greenberg DA, Jin K. Neurogenesis after primary intracerebral hemorrhage in adult human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008; 28:1460-8. [PMID: 18446166 PMCID: PMC2575114 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of normal brains of adult mammals including humans, and is induced in response to brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. Whether intracerebral hemorrhage can also induce neurogenesis in human brain is unknown. Specimens were obtained from patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing surgical evacuation of an intracerebral hematoma, and evaluated by two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found that neural stem/progenitor cell-specific protein markers were expressed in cells located in the perihematomal regions of the basal ganglia and parietal lobe of the adult human brain after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (n=5). Cells in this region also expressed cell proliferation markers, which colocalized to the same cells that expressed neural stem/progenitor cell-specific proteins. Our data suggest that intracerebral hemorrhage induces neurogenesis in the adult human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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Hsieh CT, Wu CC, Chiang YH, Chang CF. Stereotactic aspiration of enlarged intracerebral hematoma caused by intraprocedural perforation of aneurysm during coil embolization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 69:633-5; discussion 635-6. [PMID: 18486706 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2007.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instead of surgical intervention, endovascular treatment with GDC has become an important tool to treat intracranial aneurysm in recent years. However, intraoperative aneurysm rupture remains a devastating complication for physicians. Rapid and precise packing with coils and external ventricular drainage are advised. Stereotactic aspiration of an enlarged intracerebral hematoma caused by intraprocedural perforation of aneurysm has been rarely discussed as a method of dealing with this consequence. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors describe a case of a 45-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of headache. A ruptured aneurysm of approximately 5.5 mm, arising from the proximal segment of superior sylvian M2 branch on the right middle cerebral artery, was diagnosed via intracranial angiography. During transarterial embolization, perforation of the aneurysm dome by coil and microcatheter was noted. Although the aneurysm was secured by rapid coiling, progressive weakness of left extremities related to enlarged intracranial hematoma was noted. The neurologic deficits improved successfully after stereotactic aspiration of hematoma. CONCLUSION The role of stereotactic aspiration in the management of an enlarged hematoma due to intraprocedural perforation of aneurysm during coil embolization may have further implications, and it may be considered as an alternative treatment to open clot evacuation for intracranial hemorrhages with aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Hsieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Mitchell P, Gregson BA, Vindlacheruvu RR, Mendelow AD. Surgical options in ICH including decompressive craniectomy. J Neurol Sci 2007; 261:89-98. [PMID: 17543995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15 to 20% of strokes. The condition carries a higher morbidity and mortality than occlusive stroke. Despite considerable research effort, no therapeutic modality either medical or surgical has emerged with clear evidence of benefit other than in rare aneurysmal cases. Intracerebral haemorrhages can be divided into those that arise from pre-existing macroscopic vascular lesions - so called "ictohaemorrhagic lesions", and those that do not; the latter being the commoner. Most of the research that has been done on the benefits of surgery has been in this latter group. Trial data available to date precludes a major benefit from surgical evacuation in a large proportion of cases however there are hypotheses of benefit still under investigation, specifically superficial lobar ICH treated by open surgical evacuation, deeper ICH treated with minimally invasive surgical techniques, and decompressive craniectomy. When an ICH arises from an ictohaemorrhagic lesion, therapy has two goals: to treat the effects of the acute haemorrhage and to prevent a recurrence. Three modalities are available for treating lesions to prevent recurrence: stereotactic radiosurgery, endovascular embolisation, and open surgical resection. As with ICH without an underlying lesion there is no evidence to support surgical removal of the haemorrhage in most cases. An important exception is ICHs arising from intracranial aneurysms where there is good evidence to support evacuation of the haematoma as well as repair of the aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE4 6BE, United Kingdom.
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Jeong JH, Koh JS, Kim EJ. A less invasive approach for ruptured aneurysm with intracranial hematoma: coil embolization followed by clot evacuation. Korean J Radiol 2007; 8:2-8. [PMID: 17277557 PMCID: PMC2626701 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2007.8.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The presence of an intracerebral hematoma from a ruptured aneurysm is a negative predictive factor and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates even though clot evacuation followed by the neck clipping is performed. Endovascular coil embolization is a useful alternative procedure to reduce the surgical morbidity and mortality rates. We report here on our experiences with the alternative option of endovascular coil placement followed by craniotomy for clot evacuation. Materials and Methods Among 312 patients who were admitted with intracerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage during the recent three years, 119 cases were treated via the endovascular approach. Nine cases were suspected to show aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on CT scan and they underwent emergency cerebral angiograms. We performed immediate coil embolization at the same session of angiographic examination, and this was followed by clot evacuation. Results Seven cases showed to have ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms and two cases had internal carotid artery aneurysms. The clinical status on admission was Hunt-Hess grade (HHG) IV in seven patients and HHG III in two. Surgical evacuation of the clot was done immediately after the endovascular coil placement. The treatment results were a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of good recovery and moderate disability in six patients (66.7%). No mortality was recorded and no procedural morbidity was incurred by both the endovascular and direct craniotomy procedures. Conclusion The results indicate that the coil embolization followed by clot evacuation for the patients with aneurysmal ICH may be a less invasive and quite a valuable alternative treatment for this patient group, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung-Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung-Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Eui Jong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyung-Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage accounts for only 5% of strokes, but occurs at a fairly young age. Sudden headache is the cardinal feature, but patients might not report the mode of onset. CT brain scanning is normal in most patients with sudden headache, but to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage or other serious disorders, a carefully planned lumbar puncture is also needed. Aneurysms are the cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage in 85% of cases. The case fatality after aneurysmal haemorrhage is 50%; one in eight patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage dies outside hospital. Rebleeding is the most imminent danger; a first aim is therefore occlusion of the aneurysm. Endovascular obliteration by means of platinum spirals (coiling) is the preferred mode of treatment, but some patients require a direct neurosurgical approach (clipping). Another complication is delayed cerebral ischaemia; the risk is reduced with oral nimodipine and probably by maintaining circulatory volume. Hydrocephalus might cause gradual obtundation in the first few hours or days; it can be treated by lumbar puncture or ventricular drainage, dependent on the site of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van Gijn
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Mejdoubi M, Gigaud M, Trémoulet M, Albucher JF, Cognard C. Initial primary endovascular treatment in the management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective consecutive series. Neuroradiology 2006; 48:899-905. [PMID: 17004084 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-006-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From January 1998 to December 2002, endovascular treatment (EVT) was used as first intention in all patients with ruptured aneurysms. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of this therapeutic strategy. METHODS Among 401 patients admitted with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 73 (18%) had a nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic SAH, 28 were not explored by angiography due to very poor clinical status, and 28 with aneurysmal SAH were not treated due to poor clinical status. Thus, of the 300 patients with a proven aneurysmal SAH, 272 (83%) were treated. EVT was attempted in 230 patients and was successful in 222 (82%), and clipping was performed in 50 (18%). RESULTS Finally, EVT was successful in 234 aneurysms (96.7%) in 222 patients out of 242 aneurysms in 230 patients (some of the patients were treated for more than one aneurysm in the same procedure). EVT-related morbidity occurred in ten patients (4.5%) and mortality in eight (3.6%). Rate of dependency or death (modified Rankin scale 3-5) was 24.5% at 26 months. Initially, complete aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 81%, a dog ear in 3.4%, a neck remnant in 8% and incomplete occlusion in 8.1% of the patients. At follow-up (mean 26 months), the occlusion rate remained stable at 75%. CONCLUSION This consecutive prospective series shows that EVT can be performed routinely as first-intention treatment in most aneurysmal SAH. Using this therapeutic strategy, EVT was performed in 82% of patients with long-term clinical results similar to those of the ISAT study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mejdoubi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Fukui K, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Wakabayashi K, Kato T, Tanei T. Analysis of supplemental surgical or endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms in the endovascular performed cases. Interv Neuroradiol 2006; 12:73-6. [PMID: 20569606 DOI: 10.1177/15910199060120s110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In the 150 endovascular performed cases from May 1997 to Dec 2004, supplemental combination of endovascular and surgical treatments were performed in 46 cases. Characteristics of the treatments were combination for multiple aneurysms, surgical clipping for failed endovascular attempt, embolization for recurrence after clipping, bypass surgery before endovascular parent artery occlusion, surgery for recurrent aneurysms after embolization, and embolization for failed surgical attempt. Sixty seven percent of ruptured and 87% of unruptured cases showed satisfactory clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale = 0 to 2). Supplemental combination of each treatment will support the disadvantage of another treatment, and which improve the clinical outcome of cerebral aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital; Toyohashi, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery L Feigin
- Department of Medicine, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Proust F, Dufour H, Lejeune JP, Bonafé A, de Kersaint-Gilly A, Puybasset L, Berré J, Bruder N, Ravussin P, Hans P, Audibert G, Boulard G, Ter Minassian A, Beydon L, Gabrillargues J. [Severe subarachnoid haemorrhage: treatment of rebleeding and of an intracerebral haematoma]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2005; 24:756-60. [PMID: 15885969 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2005.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Proust
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
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