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Haver J, Junewick JJ. Segmental Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum With Pituitary Hypoplasia. Cureus 2024; 16:e58727. [PMID: 38779273 PMCID: PMC11110639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a 3-year-old male with findings of segmental agenesis of the corpus callosum, pituitary hypoplasia, and Chiari I malformation. The patient was born at 33 weeks and spent five weeks in the NICU for hypoglycemia, hypotension, and dyspnea. In infancy, the patient passed an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, while cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor levels were within reference range. Following height and weight percentile regression the patient underwent arginine and clonidine stimulation testing at 3 years of age, prompting pituitary evaluation via MRI. The results provided exemplary neuroimaging of segmental callosal agenesis, in which the genu and splenium form despite the absence of the callosal body. This finding adds support to a newer theory of embryological callosal development where progression does not occur linearly in the rosto-caudal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Haver
- Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, USA
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Szczupak D, Lent R, Tovar-Moll F, Silva AC. Heterotopic connectivity of callosal dysgenesis in mice and humans. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1191859. [PMID: 37274193 PMCID: PMC10232863 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1191859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC), the largest brain commissure and the primary white matter pathway for interhemispheric cortical connectivity, was traditionally viewed as a predominantly homotopic structure, connecting mirror areas of the cortex. However, new studies verified that most callosal commissural fibers are heterotopic. Recently, we reported that ~75% of the callosal connections in the brains of mice, marmosets, and humans are heterotopic, having an essential role in determining the global properties of brain networks. In the present study, we leveraged high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and graph network modeling to investigate the relationship between heterotopic and homotopic callosal fibers in human subjects and in a spontaneous mouse model of Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis (CCD), a congenital developmental CC malformation that leads to widespread whole-brain reorganization. Our results show that the CCD brain is more heterotopic than the normotypical brain, with both mouse and human CCD subjects displaying highly variable heterotopicity maps. CCD mice have a clear heterotopicity cluster in the anterior CC, while hypoplasic humans have strongly variable patterns. Graph network-based connectivity profile showed a direct impact of heterotopic connections on CCD brains altering several network-based statistics. Our collective results show that CCD directly alters heterotopic connections and brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Szczupak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso C. Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Oyefiade A, Moxon-Emre I, Beera K, Bouffet E, Taylor M, Ramaswamy V, Laughlin S, Skocic J, Mabbott D. Abnormalities of Structural Brain Connectivity in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac064. [PMID: 35875689 PMCID: PMC9297943 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric brain tumor survivors are at an increased risk for white matter (WM) injury. However, damage to whole-brain structural connectivity is unelucidated. The impact of treatment on WM connectivity was investigated. Methods Whole-brain WM networks were derived from diffusion tensor imaging data acquired for 28 irradiated patients (radiotherapy, RT) (mean age = 13.74 ± 3.32 years), 13 patients not irradiated (No RT) (mean age = 12.57 ± 2.87), and 41 typically developing children (TDC) (mean age = 13.32 ± 2.92 years). Differences in network properties were analyzed using robust regressions. Results Participation coefficient was lower in both patient groups (RT: adj. P = .015; No RT: adj. P = .042). Compared to TDC, RT had greater clustering (adj. P = .015), local efficiency (adj. P = .003), and modularity (adj. P = .000003). WM traced from hubs was damaged in patients: left hemisphere pericallosal sulcus (FA [F = 4.97; q < 0.01]; MD [F = 11.02; q < 0.0001]; AD [F = 10.00; q < 0.0001]; RD [F = 8.53; q < 0.0001]), right hemisphere pericallosal sulcus (FA [F = 8.87; q < 0.0001]; RD [F = 8.27; q < 0.001]), and right hemisphere parietooccipital sulcus (MD [F = 5.78; q < 0.05]; RD [F = 5.12; q < 0.05]). Conclusions Findings indicate greater segregation of WM networks after RT. Intermodular connectivity was lower after treatment with and without RT. No significant network differences were observed between patient groups. Our results are discussed in the context of a network approach that emphasizes interactions between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoye Oyefiade
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Iska Moxon-Emre
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Kiran Beera
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Michael Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Suzanne Laughlin
- Division of Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jovanka Skocic
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Donald Mabbott
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Chen D, Lei X, Du L, Long Z. Use of machine learning in predicting the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on treating depression based on functional and structural thalamo-prefrontal connectivity: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:88-94. [PMID: 35121273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive, safe, and efficacious treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the antidepressant efficacy of rTMS greatly varies across individual patients. Thus, markers that can be used to predict the outcome of rTMS treatment at the individual level must be identified. Thalamo-cortical connectivity was abnormal in patients with MDD, and was normalized after rTMS treatment. In the current study, we investigated whether the resting-state functional and structural thalamo-cortical connectivity could be utilized to predict the rTMS treatment efficacy by employing support vector machine regression analysis. Results showed that the Hamilton Depression Scale scores of patients with MDD decreased after rTMS treatment. The functional connectivity of mediodorsal nucleus with prefrontal cortex predicted the rTMS treatment improvement, whereas the functional connectivity of other thalamic nuclei with cerebral cortex did not predict the treatment efficacy. The brain areas that contributed the most to the prediction were dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, ventral lateral, and orbital and medial prefrontal areas. The improvement in the outcome of rTMS treatment could also be predicted by the thalamo-prefrontal structural connectivity. No statistically significantly difference in thalamo-cortical connectivity was observed between early improvers and early non-improvers. These results suggested that the thalamo-prefrontal connectivity can predict the rTMS treatment improvement. This study highlighted the crucial role of the thalamo-prefrontal connectivity as a neuroimaging marker in the treatment of depression via rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lian Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China.
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Lee CC, Hung SC, Chen YH, Chen HH, Chen C, Chen CJ, Wu HM, Lin CP, Peng SJ. Structural connectivity in children after total corpus callosotomy. Epilepsy Res 2022; 182:106908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Effect of corpus callosum agenesis on the language network in children and adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:701-713. [PMID: 33496825 PMCID: PMC7981296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study is interested in the role of the corpus callosum in the development of the language network. We, therefore, investigated language abilities and the language network using task-based fMRI in three cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), three cases of partial ACC and six controls. Although the children with complete ACC revealed impaired functions in specific language domains, no child with partial ACC showed a test score below average. As a group, ACC children performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal fluency and naming. Furthermore, whole-brain ROI-to-ROI connectivity analyses revealed reduced intrahemispheric and right intrahemispheric functional connectivity in ACC patients as compared to controls. In addition, stronger functional connectivity between left and right temporal areas was associated with better language abilities in the ACC group. In healthy controls, no association between language abilities and connectivity was found. Our results show that ACC is associated not only with less interhemispheric, but also with less right intrahemispheric language network connectivity in line with reduced verbal abilities. The present study, thus, supports the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in functional language network connectivity and language abilities.
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Meoded A, Goldenberg NA, Huisman TAGM. Structural Connectomics: State of the Art and Applications in Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuro-Oncology, and Arterial Ischemic Stroke. J Pediatr 2020; 221S:S37-S42. [PMID: 32482233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Meoded
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
| | - Neil A Goldenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Stroke Program, Johns Hopkins Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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Vasung L, Yun HJ, Feldman HA, Grant PE, Im K. An Atypical Sulcal Pattern in Children with Disorders of the Corpus Callosum and Its Relation to Behavioral Outcomes. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4790-4799. [PMID: 32307538 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypogenesis (hCC) and dysgenesis (dCC) of the corpus callosum (CC) are characterized by its smaller size or absence. The outcomes of these patients vary considerably and are unrelated to the size of the CC abnormality. The aim of the current study was to characterize the sulcal pattern in children with hCC and dCC and to explore its relation to clinical outcome. We used quantitative sulcal pattern analysis that measures deviation (similarity index, SI) of the composite or individual sulcal features (position, depth, area, and graph topology) compared to the control group. We calculated SI for each hemisphere and lobe in 11 children with CC disorder (hCC = 4, dCC = 7) and 15 controls. hCC and dCC had smaller hemispheric SI compared to controls. dCC subjects had smaller regional SI in the frontal and occipital lobes, which were driven by a smaller SI in a position or a graph topology. The significantly decreased SI gradient was found across groups only in the sulcal graph topology of the temporal lobes (controls > hCC > dCC) and was related to clinical outcome. Our results suggest that careful examination of sulcal pattern in hCC and dCC patients could be a useful biomarker of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vasung
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk Jin Yun
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiho Im
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wende T, Hoffmann KT, Meixensberger J. Tractography in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 81:442-455. [PMID: 32176926 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1691823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to visualize the brain's fiber connections noninvasively in vivo is relatively young compared with other possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although many studies showed tractography to be of promising value for neurosurgical care, the implications remain inconclusive. An overview of current applications is presented in this systematic review. A search was conducted for (("tractography" or "fiber tracking" or "fibre tracking") and "neurosurgery") that produced 751 results. We identified 260 relevant articles and added 20 more from other sources. Most publications concerned surgical planning for resection of tumors (n = 193) and vascular lesions (n = 15). Preoperative use of transcranial magnetic stimulation was discussed in 22 of these articles. Tractography in skull base surgery presents a special challenge (n = 29). Fewer publications evaluated traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 25) and spontaneous intracranial bleeding (n = 22). Twenty-three articles focused on tractography in pediatric neurosurgery. Most authors found tractography to be a valuable addition in neurosurgical care. The accuracy of the technique has increased over time. There are articles suggesting that tractography improves patient outcome after tumor resection. However, no reliable biomarkers have yet been described. The better rehabilitation potential after TBI and spontaneous intracranial bleeding compared with brain tumors offers an insight into the process of neurorehabilitation. Tractography and diffusion measurements in some studies showed a correlation with patient outcome that might help uncover the neuroanatomical principles of rehabilitation itself. Alternative corticofugal and cortico-cortical networks have been implicated in motor recovery after ischemic stroke, suggesting more complex mechanisms in neurorehabilitation that go beyond current models. Hence tractography may potentially be able to predict clinical deficits and rehabilitation potential, as well as finding possible explanations for neurologic disorders in retrospect. However, large variations of the results indicate a lack of data to establish robust diagnostical concepts at this point. Therefore, in vivo tractography should still be interpreted with caution and by experienced surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Özdemir S, Tuncer Ü, Sürmelioğlu Ö, Tarkan Ö, Çelik F, Kıroğlu M, Dağkıran M, Şahin P, Tezer N, Akar F. Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Children with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Retrospective Study and A Review of the Literature. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 15:364-367. [PMID: 31846912 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.6577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum (CCA). A literature review and a retrospective analysis of our cochlear implant database were performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS To the best of our knowledge, in the English literature, there was only one case reported with CCA who had undergone CI surgery. This case had Donnai-Barrow syndrome. In the Cukurova University School of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology database, 5 of the 1317 patients who underwent CI surgery who had CCA were selected. The patients' demographic characteristics, operative findings, surgical outcomes, and additional disabilities were investigated. The patients' preoperative and postoperative Listening Progress Profile (LiP) and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) tests were done to analyze the auditory performances. RESULTS The participants of the study were 5 (0.38%) individuals (2 male and 3 female patients; ages 5.5, 7.5, 8, 9, and 12 years). Two of the patients had total agenesis, and the other three had partial agenesis of the CCA. In the histories of the patients, one patient had parental consanguinity, and one had febrile convulsion. No patient had an additional disability. None had experienced device failure. No patients were non-users or limited users of cochlear implants. Postoperative LiP and MAIS test scores were improved for all patients nearly as the patients without any deformity. They showed normal auditory performance in the analysis in their postoperative 48 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Patients who had CCA are good candidates for CI surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Özdemir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Tuncer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özgür Sürmelioğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tarkan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fikret Çelik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mete Kıroğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Dağkıran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Poyraz Şahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nilay Tezer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Funda Akar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Meoded A, Huisman TAGM. Connectomics in Brain Malformations: How Is the Malformed Brain Wired? Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019; 29:435-444. [PMID: 31256864 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new neuroimaging dimension is currently being adopted. The structural connectome reveals macroscale white matter connectivity of the human brain, providing insights into brain networks organization. Connectomics (analysis of the connectome) has potential for elucidating aberrant networks (eg, in congenital brain malformations, especially axonal pathfinding disorders). Connectomics provides a powerful set of network measures, which can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment response of children. We discuss the principles of connectome reconstruction and visualization of the pediatric structural connectome using current state-of-the-art neuroimaging and postprocessing techniques, and we describe potential connectomics applications to study brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Meoded
- Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 501 Sixth Avenue South, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Beckmann KM. Presence of Probst Bundles Indicate White Matter Remodeling in a Dog With Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia and Dysplasia. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:260. [PMID: 30406119 PMCID: PMC6204354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA) rarely occur in dogs and are related to hypo/adypsic hypernatremia and seizures. Hypoplasia and dysplasia of the corpus callosum (CC) with concomitant lobar holoprosencephaly is the most common variant. It is currently uncertain using conventional MRI if canine CCA reflects the failure of commissural fibers to develop or the failure of the commissural fibers to cross hemispheres. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in a 4-year-old Staffordshire mix breed dog with CCA and an age-matched healthy Beagle. In comparison to the control dog, CC tractography of the affected dog depicted only axonal tracts corresponding to the temporal CC fibers. The cingulum bundles appeared supernumerary with unorganized architecture, extending into the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, and therefore strongly suggested homology to Probst bundles reported in humans with CCA. The presence of Probst bundles in canine CCA could represent compensatory neuroplasticity-mediated networking and may contribute the fair prognosis reported in affected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The structural connectome in children: basic concepts, how to build it, and synopsis of challenges for the developing pediatric brain. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:445-460. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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