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Kreft I, Germ M, Golob A, Vombergar B, Vollmannová A, Kreft S, Luthar Z. Phytochemistry, Bioactivities of Metabolites, and Traditional Uses of Fagopyrum tataricum. Molecules 2022; 27:7101. [PMID: 36296694 PMCID: PMC9611693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the edible parts are mainly grain and sprouts. Tartary buckwheat contains protecting substances, which make it possible for plants to survive on high altitudes and under strong natural ultraviolet radiation. The diversity and high content of phenolic substances are important for Tartary buckwheat to grow and reproduce under unfriendly environmental effects, diseases, and grazing. These substances are mainly flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, vitexin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate), phenolic acids, fagopyrins, and emodin. Synthesis of protecting substances depends on genetic layout and on the environmental conditions, mainly UV radiation and temperature. Flavonoids and their glycosides are among Tartary buckwheat plants bioactive metabolites. Flavonoids are compounds of special interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential in preventing tiredness, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. During the processing and production of food items, Tartary buckwheat metabolites are subjected to molecular transformations. The main Tartary buckwheat traditional food products are bread, groats, and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kreft I, Vollmannová A, Lidiková J, Musilová J, Germ M, Golob A, Vombergar B, Kocjan Ačko D, Luthar Z. Molecular Shield for Protection of Buckwheat Plants from UV-B Radiation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175577. [PMID: 36080352 PMCID: PMC9457819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) are adapted to growing in harsh conditions of high altitudes. Ultraviolet radiation at high altitudes strongly impacts plant growth and development. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, protecting substances are synthesized in plants. The synthesis of UV-B defense metabolites is genetically conditioned, and their quantity depends on the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation to which the plants and plant parts are exposed. These substances include flavonoids, and especially rutin. Other substances with aromatic rings of six carbon atoms have a similar function, including fagopyrin, the metabolite specific for buckwheat. Defensive substances are formed in the leaves and flowers of common and Tartary buckwheat, up to about the same concentration in both species. In comparison, the concentration of rutin in the grain of Tartary buckwheat is much higher than in common buckwheat. Flavonoids also have other functions in plants so that they can protect them from pests and diseases. After crushing the grains, rutin is exposed to contact with the molecules of rutin-degrading enzymes. In an environment with the necessary humidity, rutin is turned into bitter quercetin under the action of rutin-degrading enzymes. This bitterness has a deterrent effect against pests. Moreover, flavonoids have important functions in human nutrition to prevent several chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, gallstone formation, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Judita Lidiková
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Janette Musilová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Darja Kocjan Ačko
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Chen Y, Qin L, Wen A, Mazhar M, Wang H, Zhu Y. Three‐solvent extracting method comprehensively evaluates phenolics profile and antioxidant activities of Tartary buckwheat. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Centre for the Development and Utilization Technology of Drug and Food Resources in Southwest China Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Anyan Wen
- College of Life Sciences Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- College of Life Sciences Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Hezhu Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Centre for the Development and Utilization Technology of Drug and Food Resources in Southwest China Guizhou University Guiyang P. R. China
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Ruan J, Zhou Y, Yan J, Zhou M, Woo SH, Weng W, Cheng J, Zhang K. Tartary Buckwheat: An Under-utilized Edible and Medicinal Herb for Food and Nutritional Security. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1734610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Zhou
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Schools of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea (Republic Of)
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li L, Lietz G, Seal C. Buckwheat and CVD Risk Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E619. [PMID: 29762481 PMCID: PMC5986499 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of buckwheat intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively summarize studies in humans and animals, evaluating the impact of buckwheat consumption on CVD risk markers and to conduct a meta-analysis of relevant data. Thirteen randomized, controlled human studies, two cross-sectional human studies and twenty-one animal studies were identified. Using random-effects models, the weighted mean difference of post-intervention concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased following buckwheat intervention compared with controls [differences in blood glucose: -0.85 mmol/L (95% CI: -1.31, -0.39), total cholesterol: 0.50 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.80, -0.20) and triglycerides: 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.49, -0.02)]. Responses of a similar magnitude were seen in two cross-sectional studies. For animal studies, nineteen of twenty-one studies showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol of between 12% and 54%, and fourteen of twenty studies showed a significant reduction in triglycerides of between 2% and 74%. All exhibited high unexplained heterogeneity. There was inconsistency in HDL cholesterol outcomes in both human and animal studies. It remains unclear whether increased buckwheat intake significantly benefits other markers of CVD risk, such as weight, blood pressure, insulin, and LDL-cholesterol, and underlying mechanisms responsible for any effects are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkui Li
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Lavoie JM. Dynamics of hepatic and intestinal cholesterol and bile acid pathways: The impact of the animal model of estrogen deficiency and exercise training. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:961-975. [PMID: 27621762 PMCID: PMC4990760 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i23.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cholesterol level is determined by a complex dynamics that involves transport lipoproteins which levels are tightly dependent on how the liver and the intestine regulate cholesterol and biliary acid metabolism. Regulation of cholesterol and biliary acids by the liver and the intestine is in turn coupled to a large array of enzymes and transporters that largely influence the inflow and the outflow of cholesterol and biliary acids through these organs. The activity of the key regulators of cholesterol and biliary acids may be influenced by several external factors such as pharmacological drugs and the nutritional status. In recent years, more information has been gathered about the impact of estrogens on regulation of cholesterol in the body. Exposure to high levels of estrogens has been reported to promote cholesterol gallstone formation and women are twice as likely as men to develop cholesterol gallstones. The impact of estrogen withdrawal, such as experienced by menopausal women, is therefore of importance and more information on how the absence of estrogens influence cholesterol regulation is started to come out, especially through the use of animal models. An interesting alternative to metabolic deterioration due to estrogen deficiency is exercise training. The present review is intended to summarize the present information that links key regulators of cholesterol and biliary acid pathways in liver and intestine to the absence of estrogens in an animal model and to discuss the potential role of exercise training as an alternative.
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Jing R, Li HQ, Hu CL, Jiang YP, Qin LP, Zheng CJ. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profiles of Three Fagopyrum Buckwheats. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E589. [PMID: 27104519 PMCID: PMC4849043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae), currently comprising 15 species of plants, includes three important buckwheat species: Fagopyrum esculentum (F. esculentum) Moench. (common buckwheat), Fagopyrum tataricum (F. tataricum) (L.) Gaertn. (tartary buckwheat) and Fagopyrum dibotrys (F. dibotrys) (D. Don) Hara. (perennial buckwheat), which have been well explored due to their long tradition of both edible and medicinal use. This review aimed to present an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the three Fagopyrum buckwheats. In addition, the scope for future research was also discussed. All available references included in this paper were compiled from major databases, such as MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and CNKI. A total of 106 compounds isolated from three Fagopyrum buckwheats can be mainly divided into six classes: flavonoids, phenolics, fagopyritols, triterpenoids, steroids and fatty acids. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were considered to be the major active components. Considerable pharmacological experiments both in vitro and in vivo have validated that Fagopyrum buckwheats possess antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic activities, etc. All reported data lead us to conclude that Fagopyrum buckwheats have convincing medicinal potential. However, further research is needed to explore its bioactive constituents, the relationship to their structural activities and the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jing
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hua-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chang-Ling Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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8
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Chemical composition and health effects of Tartary buckwheat. Food Chem 2016; 203:231-245. [PMID: 26948610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) contains a range of nutrients including bioactive carbohydrates and proteins, polyphenols, phytosterols, vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals. The unique composition of Tartary buckwheat contributes to their various health benefits such as anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-hypertension, anti-diabetic, cholesterol-lowering, and cognition-improving. Compared with the more widely cultivated and utilised common buckwheat (F. esculentum), Tartary buckwheat tends to contain higher amounts of certain bioactive components such as rutin, therefore, showing higher efficiency in preventing/treating various disorders. This review summarises the current knowledge of the chemical composition of Tartary buckwheat, and their bio-functions as studied by both in vitro and in vivo models. Tartary buckwheat can be further developed as a sustainable crop for functional food production to improve human health.
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9
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Purification, characterization, and DNA damage protection of active components from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) hull. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Zieliński H. Buckwheat as a Functional Food and Its Effects on Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7896-913. [PMID: 26270637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) is a gluten-free pseudocereal that belongs to the Polygonaceae family. BW grain is a highly nutritional food component that has been shown to provide a wide range of beneficial effects. Health benefits attributed to BW include plasma cholesterol level reduction, neuroprotection, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic effects, and improvement of hypertension conditions. In addition, BW has been reported to possess prebiotic and antioxidant activities. In vitro and animal studies suggest that BW's bioactive compounds, such as D-chiro-inositol (DCI), BW proteins (BWP), and BW flavonoids (mainly rutin and quercetin) may be partially responsible for the observed effects. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent research regarding the health benefits of BW, in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the specific role of its bioactive compounds and on the mechanisms by which these effects are exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Zieliński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Tomotake H, Kayashita J, Kato N. Hypolipidemic activity of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) buckwheat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1963-1967. [PMID: 25363871 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat grain has well-balanced nutritional value, whereas its digestibility is relatively low. This review summarizes recent advances in studies on the hypolipidemic activity of buckwheat. The most remarkable function is a powerful hypocholesterolemic activity of buckwheat protein in rats, which is far stronger than that of soy protein. The cholesterol-lowering effect is mediated by mechanisms involving higher excretion of fecal sterols and lower digestibility of buckwheat protein. The insoluble fraction of buckwheat protein associates with cholesterol and reduces micelle cholesterol uptake in caco-2 cells. Furthermore, consumption of buckwheat protein suppresses cholesterol-induced gallstones and body fat in rodents. Buckwheat sprouts also have hypolipidemic activity in rats or type 2 diabetic mice. Tartary buckwheat bran extract reduced the serum level of total cholesterol and triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats. The consumption of buckwheat seed reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pastureland Mongolian population. Taken together, buckwheat may be beneficial for prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Kayashita
- Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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Tu Y, Sun D, Zeng X, Yao N, Huang X, Huang D, Chen Y. Piperine potentiates the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin in rats fed on a high fat diet. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:260-266. [PMID: 24944632 PMCID: PMC4061201 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that curcumin possesses a hypocholesterolemic effect and potentiates numerous pharmacological effects of curcumin, however, the mechanisms underlying this hypocholesterolemic effect and the interaction between curcumin and piperine remain to be elucidated. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish a hyperlipidemia (HLP) model. Co-administration of curcumin plus piperine was found to decrease the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and liver, as well as increase the levels of fecal TC, TG and total bile acid, compared with administration of curcumin alone. Curcumin plus piperine also markedly increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, compared with administration of curcumin alone, administration of curcumin plus piperine resulted in a significant upregulation of the activity and gene expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In conclusion, these results indicated that co-administration of curcumin plus piperine potentiates the hypocholesterolemic effects of curcumin by increasing the activity and gene expression of ApoAI, CYP7A1, LCAT and LDLR, providing a promising combination for the treatment of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Tu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Dane Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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Hosaka T, Sasaga S, Yamasaka Y, Nii Y, Edazawa K, Tsutsumi R, Shuto E, Okahisa N, Iwata S, Tomotake H, Sakai T. Treatment with buckwheat bran extract prevents the elevation of serum triglyceride levels and fatty liver in KK-A y mice. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:345-52. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hosaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Sayaka Sasaga
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yukiko Yamasaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Emi Shuto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Naoki Okahisa
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | - Shinya Iwata
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Hypocholesterolemic activity of buckwheat flour is mediated by increasing sterol excretion and down-regulation of intestinal NPC1L1 and ACAT2. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Wang CY, Wu SJ, Fang JY, Wang YP, Shyu YT. Cardiovascular and intestinal protection of cereal pastes fermented with lactic acid bacteria in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Hosaka T, Nii Y, Tomotake H, Ito T, Tamanaha A, Yamasaka Y, Sasaga S, Edazawa K, Tsutsumi R, Shuto E, Okahisa N, Iwata S, Sakai T. Extracts of common buckwheat bran prevent sucrose digestion. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012; 57:441-5. [PMID: 22472288 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat has been shown to have various health benefits such as reduction of hypertension and improvement of hypercholesterolemia; however, its effect on diabetes has not been fully elucidated. In this study, buckwheat bran extracts (BBE) inhibited sucrase activity in vitro more effectively than buckwheat. Balb/c mice pretreated with BBE showed dose-dependent reductions of blood glucose, greater than those observed with control mice, within 60 min following oral sucrose administration. Blood glucose levels in mice pretreated with buckwheat extracts were also significantly lower compared to those in control mice within 30 min following oral administration of sucrose. However, rutin, one of the abundant polyphenols of BBE, did not lower blood glucose level. Our data indicate that components of BBE other than rutin have inhibitory activity against sucrase in vivo. These results suggest that BBE could have beneficial effects on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hosaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Chen ZY, Ma KY, Liang Y, Peng C, Zuo Y. Role and classification of cholesterol-lowering functional foods. J Funct Foods 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Distribution of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory substance (2″-hydroxynicotianamine) in the flour, plant parts, and processed products of buckwheat. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Miao L, Yin RX, Wu DF, Cao XL, Li Q, Hu XJ, Yan TT, Aung LHH, Yang DZ, Lin WX. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:145. [PMID: 21176135 PMCID: PMC3017528 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies. Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of PPARD +294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. METHODS A total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the PPARD +294T > C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.001 for all). The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50% and 22.50% in Bai Ku Yao, and 72.43% and 27.57% in Han (P < 0.01); respectively. The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%, 33.83% and 5.53% in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%, 40.50% and 7.32% in Han (P < 0.05); respectively. The subjects with CC genotype in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and lower the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the subjects with TT and TC genotypes in females but not in males. The C allele carriers in Han had higher serum TC levels in males (P < 0.01) and ApoB levels in females (P < 0.05) than the C allele noncarriers. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han (P < 0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao. Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the association of PPARD +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T > C polymorphism or PPARD gene-environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Miranda-Velasquez L, Oranday-Cardenas A, Lozano-Garza H, Rivas-Morales C, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Cruz-Vega DE. Hypocholesterolemic activity from the leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus chayamansa. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:392-395. [PMID: 21104318 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the hypocholesterolemic activity of Cnidoscolus chayamansa. In an in vivo model, high-cholesterol diet administered to mice Balb/c induced hypercholesterolemia. Three extracts from Cnidoscolus chayamansa (ethanol, methanol and an aqueous extract) were tested on hypercholesterolemic mice. Active extracts were assessed against the in vitro inhibitory activity of the same three extracts on the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme by using Vero cells. The specific chemical groups present in the phytochemical extracts were also determined. Only the aqueous extract (at either doses employed) showed a significant cholesterol reduction (27.9 and 31.1%, for 50 and 100 mg kg(-1), respectively P<0.01). The extract did not inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, suggesting that its compounds act at another level in cholesterol metabolism. Reactions to secondary metabolites indicate the presence of alkaloids in the aqueous and ethanol extracts and phenol hydroxyls in the ethanol and methanol extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lylia Miranda-Velasquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Pedro de Alba s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Kim M, Kim Y. Hypocholesterolemic effects of curcumin via up-regulation of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase in rats fed a high fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:191-5. [PMID: 20607063 PMCID: PMC2895698 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective agent via decreased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level. The aim of this study was to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of bile acid from cholesterol, at the mRNA level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 45% high fat diet or same diet supplemented with curcumin (0.1% wt/wt) for 8 weeks. The curcumin diet significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) by 27%, total cholesterol (TC) by 33.8%, and LDL-cholesterol by 56%, respectively as compared to control group. The curcumin-supplemented diet also significantly lowered the atherogenic index (AI) by 48% as compared to control group. Hepatic TG level was significantly reduced by 41% in rats fed with curcumin-supplemented diet in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the curcumin diet significantly increased fecal TG and TC. The curcumin diet up-regulated hepatic CYP7A1 mRNA level by 2.16-fold, compared to control group p (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the increases in the CYP7A1 gene expression may partially account for the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyn-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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