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Schmitt C, Abt M, Ciorciaro C, Kling D, Jamois C, Schick E, Solier C, Benghozi R, Gaudreault J. First-in-Man Study With Inclacumab, a Human Monoclonal Antibody Against P-selectin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:611-9. [PMID: 25714598 PMCID: PMC4461388 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inclacumab, a novel monoclonal antibody against P-selectin in development for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, was administered in an ascending single-dose study as intravenous infusion to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Fifty-six healthy subjects were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Each dose level (0.03-20 mg/kg) was investigated in separate groups of 8 subjects (6 on inclacumab, 2 on placebo). Platelet-leukocyte aggregates, free/total soluble P-selectin concentration ratio, drug concentrations, bleeding time, platelet aggregation, antibody formation, and routine laboratory parameters were measured frequently until 32 weeks. Pharmacokinetic profiles were indicative of target-mediated drug disposition. Platelet-leukocyte aggregate inhibition and soluble P-selectin occupancy showed dose dependency and were strongly correlated to inclacumab plasma concentrations, with IC50 of 740 and 4600 ng/mL, respectively. Inclacumab was well tolerated by the majority of subjects and did neither affect bleeding time nor platelet aggregation. These findings allowed the investigation of the potential beneficial therapeutic use of inclacumab in patient study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Abt
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland; and
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2
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Blann AD. Soluble P-selectin: the next step. Thromb Res 2013; 133:3-4. [PMID: 24216322 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Blann
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
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Muppala S, Mudduluru G, Leupold JH, Buergy D, Sleeman JP, Allgayer H. CD24 induces expression of the oncomir miR-21 via Src, and CD24 and Src are both post-transcriptionally downregulated by the tumor suppressor miR-34a. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59563. [PMID: 23533633 PMCID: PMC3606220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease process that evolves as a consequence of multiple malfunctions in key regulatory molecular networks. Understanding these networks will be essential to combat cancer. In this study, we focussed on central players in such networks. In a series of colon and breast cancer cell lines, we found that CD24 activates Src, and induces the activation of c-Jun and expression of c-Jun and c-Fos. Thereby CD24 increases the promoter activity and expression of miR-21, which in turn suppresses expression of Pdcd4 and PTEN. Co-transfection of a CD24 expression construct and an siRNA that silences Src showed that CD24-dependent upregulation of miR-21 is mediated by Src. Additionally, we found that miR-34a post-transcriptionally downregulates CD24 and Src expression, leading to the deactivation of c-Jun, reduced expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, inhibition of miR-21, and upregulation of Pdcd4 and PTEN. Furthermore, miR-34a-mediated inhibition of Src expression reduced migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Resected tumor tissues from 26 colorectal patients showed significantly lower expression of Pdcd4 and miR-34a, and higher expression of CD24, Src and miR-21 compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Moreover, CD24 positively correlated with the amount of Src protein in tumor tissues, and a trend towards an inverse correlation between miR-34a and Src protein levels was also observed. Our results reveal essential players in the complex networks that regulate the progression of solid tumors such as colorectal cancer. These findings therefore identify novel therapeutic approaches for combating tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg H. Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Buergy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- KIT Karlsruhe Campus Nord, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Vetlesen A, Holme PA, Lyberg T, Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Recovery, survival, and function of transfused platelets and detection of platelet engraftment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Transfusion 2011; 52:1321-32. [PMID: 22084943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vetlesen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Norway.
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Swiderek M, Kozubski W, Watala C. Abnormalities in platelet membrane structure and function in Alzheimer's disease and ischaemic stroke. Platelets 2010; 8:125-33. [DOI: 10.1080/09537109709169327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rösen P, Schwippert B, Kaufmann L, Tschöpe D. Expression of Adhesion Molecules on the Surface of Activated Platelets is Diminished by PGI2-analogues and an NO (EDRF)-Donor: A Comparison Between Platelets of Healthy and Diabetic Subjects. Platelets 2009; 5:45-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109409006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Valeri CR, Ragno G. The survival and function of baboon red blood cells, platelets, and plasma proteins: a review of the experience from 1972 to 2002 at the Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts. Transfusion 2006; 46:1S-42S. [PMID: 16889560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The studies reported in this monograph were performed between 1972 and 2002 when it was possible to study healthy male and female baboons. A colony of baboons was maintained for 30 years without any adverse events observed in these baboons in the numerous studies that were performed. These protocols were reviewed and approved by the institutional animal care and use committees (IACUC) at the sites where the studies were performed and by the veterinarian services of the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, the Office of Naval Research, and the Department of Defense. The physiology of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma proteins in the baboon was investigated together with the viability and function of preserved RBCs, PLTs, and plasma proteins. These studies in the baboon could not have been performed in normal volunteers and patients. The data obtained have provided critical information to explain the clinical observations reported in normal volunteers and patients after transfusion of fresh and preserved blood products. These studies were supported by the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and the Office of Naval Research. In addition, the support of the late Congressman J. Joseph Moakley from Massachusetts is acknowledged because without his support many of these studies could not have been performed. The authors acknowledge the contributions of the numerous research collaborators identified in the 52 peer-reviewed publications that cite other funding agencies that supported the research that is reported, the editorial assistance of Ms Cynthia Ann Valeri, and the assistance of Ms Deborah Tattersall who prepared the figures and tables reported in this publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robert Valeri
- Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts 02360, USA.
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9
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Barnard MR, MacGregor H, Mercier R, Ragno G, Pivacek LE, Hechtman HB, Michelson AD, Valeri CR. Platelet surface p-selectin, platelet-granulocyte heterotypic aggregates, and plasma-soluble p-selectin during plateletpheresis. Transfusion 1999; 39:735-41. [PMID: 10413281 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39070735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plateletpheresis components have been shown to contain p-selectin-positive platelets after collection and storage. P-selectin mediates binding of activated platelets to granulocytes and monocytes. This study was undertaken to assess platelet activation, granulocyte activation, platelet-granulocyte heterotypic aggregate formation, and the plasma-soluble p-selectin level during plateletpheresis performed on a particular instrument (MCS+, Haemonetics). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Flow cytometry was used to assay platelet surface p-selectin, granulocyte iC3b receptor, and platelet-granulocyte aggregates in the platelet component, residual blood in the disposable polycarbonate bowl of the MCS+, and in the donor blood with and without the addition of in vitro agonists before, during, and after plateletpheresis. The plasma-soluble p-selectin levels in the platelet component, disposable bowl, and donor venous blood were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Levels of p-selectin-positive platelets, activated granulocytes, and platelet-granulocyte aggregates were greater in the disposable bowl than in the preapheresis donor blood. Levels of p-selectin-positive platelets, activated granulocytes, and platelet-granulocyte aggregates in the postapheresis donor blood were similar to those in the preapheresis donor blood. The platelet components contained no activated granulocytes or detectable platelet-granulocyte heterotypic aggregates, and only about 10-percent activated platelets. The plasma-soluble p-selectin level in the platelet component was significantly greater than that in the preapheresis donor blood, the residual blood in the disposable bowl, or the postapheresis donor blood. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of platelet surface p-selectin, platelet-granulocyte heterotypic aggregates, and plasma-soluble p-selectin can be used to detect platelet activation during plateletpheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Barnard
- Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Gawaz MP, Mujais SK, Schmidt B, Blumenstein M, Gurland HJ. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates during hemodialysis: effect of membrane type. Artif Organs 1999; 23:29-36. [PMID: 9950176 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis is associated with the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Whether this phenomenon is hemodialysis (HD) membrane dependent is unclear. To evaluate this process, we examined respectively platelet activation (anti-CD41, anti-CD62, and antifibrinogen monoclonal antibodies [MoAb] binding), leukocyte activation (CD11b expression), and the appearance of platelet specific antigens on leukocytes as an index of platelet-leukocyte aggregation during HD using 3 different membrane materials, Cuprophan, Hemophan, and polysulfone. Flow cytometric techniques and specific MoAb were used. All parameters were assayed 5 min after initiation of HD to avoid the confounding variable of leukopenia and resultant cell subpopulation analysis. Platelet activation (anti-CD62 and antifibrinogen binding) occurred only with Cuprophan. All 3 membranes induced equivalent increases in CD11b expression on neutrophils and similarly increased the binding of anti-CD41 to neutrophils, reflecting an increment in the formation of platelet neutrophil aggregates. However, only Cuprophan induced an increase in anti-CD62 binding to neutrophils, suggesting that the aggregated platelets linked to neutrophils were activated. Increased anti-CD41 binding by monocytes was similarly observed with all 3 membranes. However, only polysulfone induced an increase in CD11b expression and fibrinogen binding to monocytes. We conclude that while the formation of platelet leukocyte aggregates appears to be a universal phenomenon in HD occurring with a variety of membrane types, subtypes of this phenomenon consisting of activated platelets and fibrinogen binding may be membrane dependent. This phenomenon may serve as a new biocompatibility parameter and may shed light on some of the biologic consequences of hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gawaz
- Nephrology Department, Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
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11
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Whiss PA, Andersson RG, Srinivas U. Kinetics of platelet P-selectin mobilization: concurrent surface expression and release induced by thrombin or PMA, and inhibition by the NO donor SNAP. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 1998; 6:289-300. [PMID: 9865463 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809010788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activated platelets and endothelium surface express the cell adhesion molecule P-selectin (CD62P), which plays an important role in mediating interactions with leukocytes. Increased levels of a functional soluble form of P-selectin (sP-selectin) have been reported in several pathological states but it is not clear whether this circulating sP-selectin originates from platelets and/or endothelial cells. Here we describe the concurrent kinetics of intracellular storage, surface expression and release of platelet P-selectin induced by thrombin or the protein kinase C activator PMA. Platelet activation with submaximal concentrations of thrombin (0.1 U/ml) resulted in a rapid decrease of intracellular P-selectin. This decrease of intracellular P-selectin concurred with a gradual increase of surface expression and an initial increase of sP-selectin. Our results indicate that intracellular stores of P-selectin were only partly mobilized upon activation with submaximal concentrations of thrombin. A high concentration of thrombin (1.0 U/ml) induced a rapid and nearly total decrease of intracellular stores and a more pronounced, but transient, increase of surface expression. The release of P-selectin was fast and occurred during the initial activation phase. The NO donor SNAP inhibited both surface expression and release of platelet P-selectin in a similar manner. PMA (0.1-1.0 microM) mediated a more slow, gradual and sustained surface expression and release of P-selectin than thrombin. Thus, surface expression and release of platelet P-selectin show different kinetics depending on the mode of activation.
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12
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Beekhuizen H, van de Gevel JS. Endothelial cell adhesion molecules in inflammation and postischemic reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:4251-6. [PMID: 9865357 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Beekhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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13
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Aigner S, Ramos CL, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Lawrence MB, Friederichs J, Altevogt P, Ley K. CD24 mediates rolling of breast carcinoma cells on P-selectin. FASEB J 1998; 12:1241-51. [PMID: 9737727 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.12.12.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin mediates rolling of neutrophils and other leukocytes on activated endothelial cells and platelets through binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Certain PSGL-1 negative tumor cell lines can bind P-selectin under static conditions through the GPI-linked surface mucin, CD24, but the physiological significance of this interaction and whether it can occur under flow conditions is not known. Here, we show that CD24+ PSGL-1- KS breast carcinoma cells attach to and roll on recombinant P-selectin under a continuous wall shear stress, although at a lower density and higher velocity than CD24+ PSGL-1+ cells, such as HL-60. Adding excess soluble CD24 or removing CD24 from the cell surface with phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) significantly reduced KS cell rolling on P-selectin. The ability of KS cells to roll on P-selectin was positively correlated with the CD24 expression level. Comparison with three other CD24+ cell lines established that expression of sialyl-Lewis(x) antigen was also necessary for CD24-mediated rolling on P-selectin. CD24 purified from KS cells supported rolling of P-selectin transfectants, but not L-selectin transfectants. Finally, KS cells rolled on vascular endothelium in vivo in a P-selectin-dependent manner. Together our data show that CD24 serves as a ligand for P-selectin under physiological flow conditions. Interaction of tumor cells with P-selectin via CD24 may be an important adhesion pathway in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aigner
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Sass
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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15
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Michelson AD, Barnard MR, Hechtman HB, MacGregor H, Connolly RJ, Loscalzo J, Valeri CR. In vivo tracking of platelets: circulating degranulated platelets rapidly lose surface P-selectin but continue to circulate and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:11877-82. [PMID: 8876231 PMCID: PMC38152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the hypothesis that surface P-selectin-positive (degranulated) platelets are rapidly cleared from the circulation, we developed novel methods for tracking of platelets and measurement of platelet function in vivo. Washed platelets prepared from nonhuman primates (baboons) were labeled with PKH2 (a lipophilic fluorescent dye), thrombin-activated, washed, and reinfused into the same baboons. Three-color whole blood flow cytometry was used to simultaneously (i) identify platelets with a mAb directed against glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa (integrin alpha 11b beta 3), (ii) distinguish infused platelets by their PKH2 fluorescence, and (iii) analyze platelet function with mAbs. Two hours after infusion of autologous thrombin-activated platelets (P-selectin-positive, PKH2-labeled), 95 +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) of the circulating PKH2-labeled platelets had become P-selectin-negative. Compared with platelets not activated with thrombin preinfusion, the recovery of these circulating PKH2-labeled, P-selectin-negative platelets was similar 24 h after infusion and only slightly less 48 h after infusion. The loss of platelet surface P-selectin was fully accounted for by a 67.1 +/- 16.7 ng/ml increase in the plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin. The circulating PKH2-labeled, P-selectin-negative platelets were still able to function in vivo, as determined by their (i) participation in platelet aggregates emerging from a bleeding time wound, (ii) binding to Dacron in an arteriovenous shunt, (iii) binding of mAb PAC1 (directed against the fibrinogen binding site on GPIIb-IIIa), and (iv) generation of procoagulant platelet-derived microparticles. In summary, (i) circulating degranulated platelets rapidly lose surface P-selectin to the plasma pool, but continue to circulate and function; and (ii) we have developed novel three-color whole blood flow cytometric methods for tracking of platelets and measurement of platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Michelson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA
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Heavner GA, Falcone M, Kruszynski M, Epps L, Mervic M, Riexinger D, McEver RP. Peptides from multiple regions of the lectin domain of P-selectin inhibiting neutrophil adhesion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1993; 42:484-9. [PMID: 7508899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The selectins are a family of three structurally related glycoproteins that are integral components of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Their involvement in the recruitment and extravasation of neutrophils is critical in mounting an inflammatory reaction. The carbohydrate nature of the selectin ligands suggests that the binding regions of the selectins are contained within the lectin-like domains of the selectins. The synthesis and evaluation for inhibition of selectin binding of overlapping peptides of the lectin and adjacent EGF-like domains of P-selectin have been used to identify small peptides that completely inhibit P-selectin-dependent neutrophil adhesion. These peptides span a region of more than 100 amino acids and may define the carbohydrate recognition domain of P-selectin.
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a highly coordinated and dynamic multistep process in which cancer cells undergo extensive interactions with various host cells before they establish a secondary metastatic colony. Ample morphological studies have documented the close association of circulating tumor cells with host platelets. Several lines of evidence provide strong support for the concept that tumor cell-platelet interactions (i.e., TCIPA) significantly contribute to hematogenous metastasis. Clinically, cancer patients with advanced diseases are characterized by a variety of thromboembolic disorders including thrombocytosis. Pharmacologically, various anti-platelet agents/anticoagulants have demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on tumor cell-platelet interactions as well as spontaneous or experimental metastasis. Experimentally, interference with many of the intermediate steps of tumor cell-platelet interactions has resulted in diminished platelet aggregation induced by tumor cells and blocked cancer metastasis. Platelet interaction with tumor cells is a sequential process which involves two general types of mediators, i.e., membrane-bound molecules (adhesion molecules) and soluble release products. alpha IIb beta 3 integrin receptors present on both platelets as well as on tumor cells and 12(S)-HETE, a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, are prototypical examples of each category. Mechanistically, platelets may contribute to metastasis by: (1) stabilizing tumor cell arrest in the vasculature, (2) stimulating tumor cell proliferation, (3) promoting tumor cells extravasation by potentiating tumor cell-induced endothelial cell retraction, and (4) enhancing tumor cell interaction with the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Honn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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Honn KV, Tang DG. Adhesion molecules and tumor cell interaction with endothelium and subendothelial matrix. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992; 11:353-75. [PMID: 1423822 DOI: 10.1007/bf01307187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis poses the greatest challenge to the eradication of malignancy. The majority of clinical and experimental evidence indicates that metastasis is a non-random, organ-specific process. Tumor cell interaction with endothelium and subendothelial matrix constitutes the most crucial factor in determining the organ preference of metastasis. A plethora of cell surface adhesion molecules, which encompass four major families (i.e., integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulins and selectins) and many other unclassified molecules, mediate tumor-host interactions. Adhesion molecules and adhesion processes are involved in most, if not all, of the intermediate steps of the metastatic cascade. Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased CD44 expression are clearly correlated with the acquisition of the invasive capacity of primary tumor cells. Similarly, altered expression pattern of many other adhesion molecules such as upregulated expression of the laminin receptors and depressed expression of fibronectin receptors (alpha 5 beta 1) appears to be involved in tumor cell invasion into the subendothelial matrix. Tumor cell-endothelium interactions involve several well-defined sequential steps that can be analyzed by the 'Docking and Locking' hypothesis at the molecular level. Tumor cell-matrix interactions are determined by the repertoire of adhesion receptors of tumor cells and the unique composition of organ-specific matrices. Our experimental data, together with others', suggest that the integrin alpha IIb beta 3 is one of the major players in these tumor-host interactions. Tumor-host interaction is a dynamic process which is constantly modulated by a host of factors including various cytokines, growth factors and arachidonate metabolites such as 12(S)-HETE. Delineation of the molecular mechanisms of tumor-host interactions may provide additional means to intervene in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Honn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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