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Abstract
Report of the Working Group on Hygiene of the Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde–Society for Laboratory Animal Science (GV-SOLAS) GV-SOLAS Working Group on Hygiene: Werner Nicklas (Chairman), Felix R. Homberger, Brunhilde Illgen-Wilcke, Karin Jacobi, Volker Kraft, Ivo Kunstyr, Michael Mähler, Herbert Meyer & Gabi Pohlmeyer-Esch
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Su D, Le-Thi-Phuong T, Coutelier JP. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide receptor expression by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:106-112. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.037218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) exacerbates mouse susceptibility to endotoxin shock through enhanced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production by macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the in vivo enhancement of TNF production in response to LPS induced by the virus largely exceeds that found in vitro with cells derived from infected animals. Infection was followed by a moderate increase of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/MD2, but not of membrane CD14 expression on peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages from LDV-infected mice unresponsive to type I interferons (IFNs) did not show enhanced expression of TLR-4/MD2 nor of CD14, and did not produce more TNF in response to LPS than cells from infected normal counterparts, although the in vivo response of these animals to LPS was strongly enhanced. In contrast, the virus triggered a sharp increase of soluble CD14 and of LPS-binding protein serum levels in normal mice. However, production of these LPS soluble receptors was similar in LDV-infected type I IFN-receptor deficient mice and in their normal counterparts. Moreover, serum of LDV-infected mice that contained these soluble receptors had little effect if any on cell response to LPS. These results suggest that enhanced response of LDV-infected mice to LPS results mostly from mechanisms independent of LPS receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- The Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thao Le-Thi-Phuong
- The Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- The Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Thirion G, Coutelier JP. Production of protective gamma interferon by natural killer cells during early mouse hepatitis virus infection. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:442-447. [PMID: 19141454 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.005876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) plays a major role in the protection against lethal infection with mouse hepatitis virus A59. IFN-gamma production reaches a maximum level 2 days after viral inoculation, especially in liver immune cells. Among these cells, natural killer cells are the major producers of this cytokine. Transfer experiments indicated that the protective role of IFN-gamma is mediated through a direct effect on cells targeted by the virus rather than through indirect activation of T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Thirion
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Markine-Goriaynoff D, Hulhoven X, Cambiaso CL, Monteyne P, Briet T, Gonzalez MD, Coulie P, Coutelier JP. Natural killer cell activation after infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2709-2716. [PMID: 12388806 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-11-2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early after infection, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) alters the immune system by polyclonally activating B lymphocytes, which leads to IgG2a-restricted hypergammaglobulinaemia, and by suppressing the secretion of Th2 cytokines. Considering that these alterations may involve cells of the innate immune system and cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), we analysed the effect of LDV on natural killer (NK) cells. Within a few days of infection, a strong and transient NK cell activation, characterized by enhanced IFN-gamma message expression and cytolysis, was observed. LDV triggered a large increase in serum IFN-gamma levels. Because NK cells and IFN-gamma may participate in the defence against virus infection, we analysed their possible role in the control of LDV titres with a new agglutination assay. Our results indicate that neither the activation of NK cells nor the IFN-gamma secretion affect the early and rapid virus replication that follows LDV inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Markine-Goriaynoff
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xavier Hulhoven
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - César L Cambiaso
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philippe Monteyne
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Briet
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maria-Dolores Gonzalez
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Coulie
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unit of Experimental Medicine1 and Unit of Cellular Genetics2, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL MEXP 7430, Av. Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Markine-Goriaynoff D, Nguyen TD, Bigaignon G, Van Snick J, Coutelier JP. Distinct requirements for IL-6 in polyclonal and specific Ig production induced by microorganisms. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1185-92. [PMID: 11526099 PMCID: PMC7108634 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.9.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-6 in Ig production induced in the mouse by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), Toxoplasma gondii or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed. Following infection with LDV, a strong activator of B cells, an early and transient IL-6 production was observed, that originated predominantly from macrophages. Whereas LDV-induced B lymphocyte proliferation appeared independent of IL-6, mice deficient for this cytokine showed a marked reduction in their total T-dependent IgG2a production when compared to their normal counterparts. By contrast, specific responses directed against either LDV or non-viral antigens administered at the time of infection were not decreased in the absence of IL-6. Similarly, polyclonal, but not anti-parasite IgG2a production triggered by T. gondii infection was strongly dependent on the presence of IL-6. Finally, T-independent total IgG3 secretion triggered by LPS was also markedly reduced in IL-6-deficient mice. These results suggest that IL-6 plays a major role in T-dependent and T-independent polyclonal Ig production following B lymphocyte activation by viruses, and parasites, but not in specific antibody responses induced by the same microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Markine-Goriaynoff
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Markine-Goriaynoff D, van der Logt JT, Truyens C, Nguyen TD, Heessen FW, Bigaignon G, Carlier Y, Coutelier JP. IFN-gamma-independent IgG2a production in mice infected with viruses and parasites. Int Immunol 2000; 12:223-30. [PMID: 10653858 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After infection with some viruses and intracellular parasites, antibody production is restricted to IgG2a. We first observed that, whereas live viruses such as lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) or mouse adenovirus induced mostly an IgG2a response, a large proportion of antibodies produced against killed viruses were IgG1. This IgG1 antiviral response was suppressed when live virions were added to inactivated viral particles. These results indicate that the IgG2a preponderance is related to the infectious process itself rather than to the type of antigen involved. Since IFN-gamma is known to stimulate IgG2a production by activated B lymphocytes and to be secreted after infection, we examined the role of this cytokine in the antibody isotypic distribution caused by LDV. Most IgG2a responses were relatively unaffected in mice deficient for the IFN-gamma receptor or treated with anti-IFN-gamma antibody. A similar IFN-gamma-independent IgG2a secretion was observed after infection with the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the IFN-gamma-independent IgG2a production triggered by infection still required the presence of functional T(h) lymphocytes. Therefore, signal(s) other than IFN-gamma secretion may explain the T(h)-dependent isotypic bias in antibody secretion triggered by viruses and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Markine-Goriaynoff
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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