1
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Rahamathulla M, Bhosale RR, Osmani RAM, Mahima KC, Johnson AP, Hani U, Ghazwani M, Begum MY, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Shakeel F, Gangadharappa HV. Carbon Nanotubes: Current Perspectives on Diverse Applications in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6707. [PMID: 34772234 PMCID: PMC8588285 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current discoveries as well as research findings on various types of carbon nanostructures have inspired research into their utilization in a number of fields. These carbon nanostructures offer uses in pharmacy, medicine and different therapies. One such unique carbon nanostructure includes carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are one-dimensional allotropes of carbon nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. After their discovery, CNTs have drawn extensive research attention due to their excellent material properties. Their physical, chemical and electronic properties are excellent and their composites provide great possibilities for enormous nanometer applications. The current study provides a systematic review based on prior literature review and data gathered from various sources. The various research studies from many research labs and organizations were systematically retrieved, collected, compiled and written. The entire collection and compilation of this review concluded the use of CNT approaches and their efficacy and safety for the treatment of various diseases such as brain tumors or cancer via nanotechnology-based drug delivery, phototherapy, gene therapy, antiviral therapy, antifungal therapy, antibacterial therapy and other biomedical applications. The current review covers diverse applications of CNTs in designing a range of targeted drug delivery systems and application for various therapies. It concludes with a discussion on how CNTs based medicines can expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Rohit R. Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed To Be University”, Karad 415539, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Riyaz A. M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Kasturi C. Mahima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Asha P. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Y. Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Hosahalli V. Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
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2
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Abu Lila AS, Abdallah MH, Wani SUD, Gangadharappa H, Younes KM, Khafagy ES, Shehata TM, Soliman MS. Folic acid-conjugated raloxifene-loaded graphene-based nanocarrier: Fabrication, characterization and antitumor screening. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Woodman C, Vundu G, George A, Wilson CM. Applications and strategies in nanodiagnosis and nanotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:349-364. [PMID: 32088362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death in both men and women in the world. Lung cancer is heterogeneous in nature and diagnosis is often at an advanced stage as it develops silently in the lung and is frequently associated with high mortality rates. Despite the advances made in understanding the biology of lung cancer, progress in early diagnosis, cancer therapy modalities and considering the mechanisms of drug resistance, the prognosis and outcome still remains low for many patients. Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing areas of research that can solve many biological problems such as cancer. A growing number of therapies based on using nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully entered the clinic to treat pain, cancer, and infectious diseases. Recent progress in nanotechnology has been encouraging and directed to developing novel nanoparticles that can be one step ahead of the cancer reducing the possibility of multi-drug resistance. Nanomedicine using NPs is continuingly impacting cancer diagnosis and treatment. Chemotherapy is often associated with limited targeting to the tumor, side effects and low solubility that leads to insufficient drug reaching the tumor. Overcoming these drawbacks of chemotherapy by equipping NPs with theranostic capability which is leading to the development of novel strategies. This review provides a synopsis of current progress in theranostic applications for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy using NPs including liposome, polymeric NPs, quantum dots, gold NPs, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and magnetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woodman
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gugulethu Vundu
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
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4
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Madhusoodan AP, Das K, Mili B, Kumar K, Kumar A, Saxena AC, Singh P, Dutt T, Bag S. In vitro proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells over hydroxyl functionalized CNT substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00387. [PMID: 31799142 PMCID: PMC6881647 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanotopography of culture substrate acts as a positive cue in cell-biomaterial based tissue regeneration. Considering the potentiality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) this study was designed to evaluate its two functionalized form by an in vitro culture condition using canine mesenchymal stem cells as cellular model. Cells were isolated and its behaviour, proliferation and differentiation processes were elucidated onto CNT substrates. Beside the variations in cellular behaviour it was remarkably noted that even though proliferation was reduced but osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation was enhanced over multi-walled CNTs, whereas neuronal differentiation was better supported by single walled CNTs as evidenced by our cytochemical, immunocytochemical, gene expression and flow cytometry assays. The former one was noticed more cytocompatible by our different apoptosis studies. The outcome of these experiments collectively indicated that hydroxylated functionalized CNTs could be a potential scaffold constituent for future experimentations as well as for the application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Madhusoodan
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kinsuk Das
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhabesh Mili
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Food Science Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A C Saxena
- Division of Surgery, Izatnagar, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Biophysics, Electron Microscopy and Instrumentation Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sadhan Bag
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Hofferber EM, Stapleton JA, Adams J, Kuss M, Duan B, Iverson NM. Implantable Nanotube Sensor Platform for Rapid Analyte Detection. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800469. [PMID: 30942955 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles within living systems is a growing field, but the long-term effects of introducing nanoparticles to a biological system are unknown. If nanoparticles remain localized after in vivo implantation unanticipated side effects due to unknown biodistribution can be avoided. Unfortunately, stabilization and retention of nanoparticles frequently alters their function.[1] In this work multiple hydrogel platforms are developed to look at long-term localization of nanoparticle sensors with the goal of developing a sensor platform that will stabilize and localize the nanoparticles without altering their function. Two different hydrogel platforms are presented, one with a liquid core of sensors and another with sensors decorating the hydrogel's exterior, that are capable of localizing the nanoparticles without inhibiting their function. With the use of these new hydrogel platforms nanoparticle sensors can be easily implanted in vivo and utilized without concerns of nanoparticle impact on the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Michael Hofferber
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Joseph Anthony Stapleton
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Janelle Adams
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, DRC II 6035, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198-5965, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, DRC II 6035, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198-5965, USA
| | - Nicole Marie Iverson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
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6
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Das K, Madhusoodan AP, Mili B, Kumar A, Saxena AC, Kumar K, Sarkar M, Singh P, Srivastava S, Bag S. Functionalized carbon nanotubes as suitable scaffold materials for proliferation and differentiation of canine mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3235-3252. [PMID: 28458543 PMCID: PMC5402918 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, numerous potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be envisaged, due to their ability to differentiate into a range of tissues on the basis of the substrate on which they grow. With the advances in nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely explored for use as cell culture substrate in tissue engineering applications. In this study, canine bone marrow-derived MSCs were considered as the cellular model for an in vitro study to elucidate the collective cellular processes, using three different varieties of thin films of functionalized carbon nanotubes (COOH-single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs], COOH-multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs] and polyethylene glycol [PEG]-SWCNTs), which were spray dried onto preheated cover slips. Cells spread out better on the CNT films, resulting in higher cell surface area and occurrence of filopodia, with parallel orientation of stress fiber bundles. Canine MSCs proliferated at a slower rate on all types of CNT substrates compared to the control, but no decline in cell number was noticed during the study period. Expression of apoptosis-associated genes decreased on the CNT substrates as time progressed. On flow cytometry after AnnexinV-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining, total number of apoptotic and necrotic cells remained lower in COOH-functionalized films compared to PEG-functionalized ones. Collectively, these results indicate that COOH-MWCNT substrate provided an environment of low cytotoxicity. Canine MSCs were further induced to differentiate along osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neuronal lineages by culturing under specific differentiation conditions. The cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining results, as well as the expression of the bone marker genes, led us to hypothesize that the COOH-MWCNT substrate acted as a better cue, accelerating the osteogenic differentiation process. However, while chondrogenesis was promoted by COOH-SWCNT, neuronal differentiation was promoted by both COOH-SWNCT and COOH-MWCNT. Taken together, these findings suggest that COOH-functionalized CNTs represent a promising scaffold component for future utilization in the selective differentiation of canine MSCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Praveen Singh
- Biophysics, Electron Microscopy and Instrumentation Section
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Zhang XY, Zhang PY. Mitochondria targeting nano agents in cancer therapeutics. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4887-4890. [PMID: 28105197 PMCID: PMC5228584 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as noteworthy therapeutic targets as their physiological functions are often altered in pathological conditions such as cancer. The electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed were searched for recent studies reporting the importance of mitochondria targeting nanoagents in cancer therapeutics. The concluding remarks of the above papers mostly confirmed the growing potential of these novel nanoagents in the area of anticancer research. Furthermore, numerous studies demonstrated the immense potential of nanocarriers in delivering mitochondria-acting compounds to their target site. Among the assemblage of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are becoming more prominent for drug delivery due to favorable attributes including their unique shape, which promotes cellular uptake, and large aspect ratio that facilitates conjugation of bioactive molecules on their surface. The present review focused on the current view of variable options available in mitochondria-targeting anticancer therapeutics. It may be concluded that improvements are essential for its establishment as a gold standard therapeutic option especially in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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8
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Badun GA, Chernysheva MG, Grigorieva AV, Eremina EA, Egorov AV. Langmuir hydrogen dissociation approach in radiolabeling carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have piqued the interest of several researchers. At the same time, radioactive labeling is a powerful tool for studying processes in different systems, including biological and organic; however, the introduction of radioactive isotopes into carbon-based nanomaterial remains a great challenge. We have used the Langmuir hydrogen dissociation method to introduce tritium in single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. The technique allows us to achieve a specific radioactivity of 107 and 27 Ci/g for single-layer graphene oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Based on the analysis of characteristic Raman modes at 1350 and 1580 cm−1, a minimal amount of structural changes to the nanomaterials due to radiolabeling was observed. The availability of a simple, nondestructive, and economic technique for the introduction of radiolabels to single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide will ultimately expand the applicability of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadii A. Badun
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G. Chernysheva
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Grigorieva
- Department of Materials Science , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Eremina
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Egorov
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
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9
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García-Hevia L, Valiente R, Fernández-Luna JL, Flahaut E, Rodríguez-Fernández L, Villegas JC, González J, Fanarraga ML. Inhibition of Cancer Cell Migration by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1640-4. [PMID: 26097131 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting cancer cell migration and infiltration to other tissues makes the difference between life and death. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) display intrinsic biomimetic properties with microtubules, severely interfering with the function of these protein filaments during cell proliferation, triggering cell death. Here it is shown MWCNTs disrupt the centrosomal microtubule cytoskeletal organization triggering potent antimigratory effects in different cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena García-Hevia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL; 39011 Santander Spain
| | - Rafael Valiente
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL; 39005 Santander Spain
| | | | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse; F-31062 Toulouse France
| | | | - Juan C. Villegas
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL; 39011 Santander Spain
| | - Jesús González
- MALTA-Consolider Team, CITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL; 39005 Santander Spain
| | - Mónica L. Fanarraga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL; 39011 Santander Spain
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10
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Khalid P, Hussain MA, Rekha PD, Arun AB. Carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite and their interaction with human osteoblast in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:548-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114550883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As a bone mineral component, hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an attractive bioceramic for the reconstruction of hard tissues. However, its poor mechanical properties, including low fracture toughness and tensile strength, have been a substantial challenge to the application of HA for the replacement of load-bearing and/or large bone defects. In this study, HA is reinforced with high-purity and well-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; >99 wt%) having an average diameter of 15 nm and length from 10 to 20 μm. The cellular response of these functionalized CNTs and its composites were examined in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) were used to synthesize HA in situ. MWCNTs were functionalized by heating at 100°C in 3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 60 min with stirring and dispersed in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate by sonication. HA particles were produced in MWCNTs solution by adding Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 under vigorously stirring conditions. The composite was dried and washed in distilled water followed by heat treatment at 250°C to obtain CNT-HA powder. Physiochemical characterization of the composite material was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. Furthermore, this study investigates the cytotoxic effects of functionalized-MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and its composites with HA in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Human osteoblast cells were exposed with different concentrations of f-MWCNTs and its composite with HA. The interactions of f-MWCNT and MWCNT-HA composites were analyzed by 3-(4,5–dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The results indicate no detrimental effect on survival or mitochondrial activity of the osteoblast cells. Cell viability decreased with an increase in CNT concentration indicating that MWCNTs and its composite can be cytotoxic at higher dosages. This result provides further evidence that the bionano interface can be developed for CNT-reinforced HA composites for load-bearing bone implants, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khalid
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - MA Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - PD Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - AB Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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11
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Saito N, Haniu H, Usui Y, Aoki K, Hara K, Takanashi S, Shimizu M, Narita N, Okamoto M, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Kato H, Nishimura N, Taruta S, Endo M. Safe clinical use of carbon nanotubes as innovative biomaterials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6040-79. [PMID: 24720563 PMCID: PMC4059771 DOI: 10.1021/cr400341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute
for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Narita
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- R&D
Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., Haga 5322, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taruta
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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12
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Chilek J, Wang R, Draper RK, Pantano P. Use of gel electrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the effect of the electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes on cellular uptake. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2882-7. [PMID: 24564772 PMCID: PMC3982961 DOI: 10.1021/ac403827m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the uptake of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by living cells depends on factors such as SWNT length and surface chemistry. Surprisingly, little is known about whether the electronic structure of a SWNT influences uptake. One reason for this has been the lack of methods to measure the uptake of SWNTs by cell populations. Previously, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and label-free sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method for measuring the amount of SWNTs in lysates prepared from cultured cells ( Wang et al. Anal. Chem. 2009 , 81 , 2944 ). Herein, we describe the use of SDS-PAGE and microprobe Raman spectroscopy to detect and distinguish the electronic structure of SWNTs internalized by mammalian cells. Using normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and SWNTs dispersed with bovine serum albumin (BSA), we demonstrate that the method can detect both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs in lysates of cells that had internalized BSA-SWNTs and that the uptake of BSA-SWNTs by NRK cells is not influenced by SWNT electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
L. Chilek
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Ruhung Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Rockford K. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
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13
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Zhang Y, Petibone D, Xu Y, Mahmood M, Karmakar A, Casciano D, Ali S, Biris AS. Toxicity and efficacy of carbon nanotubes and graphene: the utility of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:232-46. [PMID: 24506522 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.883406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted great interest in biomedical applications such as advanced imaging, tissue regeneration, and drug or gene delivery. The toxicity of the carbon nanotubes and graphene remains a debated issue although many toxicological studies have been reported in the scientific community. In this review, we summarize the biological effects of carbon nanotubes and graphene in terms of in vitro and in vivo toxicity, genotoxicity and toxicokinetics. The dose, shape, surface chemistry, exposure route and purity play important roles in the metabolism of carbon-based nanomaterials resulting in differential toxicity. Careful examination of the physico-chemical properties of carbon-based nanomaterials is considered a basic approach to correlate the toxicological response with the unique properties of the carbon nanomaterials. The reactive oxygen species-mediated toxic mechanism of carbon nanotubes has been extensively discussed and strategies, such as surface modification, have been proposed to reduce the toxicity of these materials. Carbon-based nanomaterials used in photothermal therapy, drug delivery and tissue regeneration are also discussed in this review. The toxicokinetics, toxicity and efficacy of carbon-based nanotubes and graphene still need to be investigated further to pave a way for biomedical applications and a better understanding of their potential applications to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zhang
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination and
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14
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Esfandiary E, Valiani A, Hashemibeni B, Moradi I, Narimani M. The evaluation of toxicity of carbon nanotubes on the human adipose-derived-stem cells in-vitro. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:40. [PMID: 24627848 PMCID: PMC3949349 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a large variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical devices. The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of CNTs have been studied widely, however, up until now; there was uncertainty on how nanosized materials behave in the human body and stem cells. The current study describes the functionalized carbon nanotubes on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for viability and proliferation purposes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS After chemical modification of the CNTs, the ADSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's. Medium (DMEM) having doses of 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/ml of CNTs. On the third and seventh days of the experiment, the cellular viability, proliferation, and stemness were determined, using the MTT, trypan Blue, and flow cytometry assays in variable CNTs dosage. RESULTS In doses of 0.1 and 1 μg/ml, the expression of the surface markers were similar to the control groups on day three, but decreased in higher dosages on day seven. The viability of both groups was the same on day three, but in comparison to the control groups, was found to decrease in the higher dosages on day seven. CONCLUSION The effect of CNTs on the viability and proliferation of ADSCs is a function of time and the doses used. Through further investigation by using these particles, we expect that we should be able to increase the viability and proliferation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - A Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - B Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - I Moradi
- Nanotechnology Consultancy and Development Center, Padova, Italy
| | - M Narimani
- Central Lab Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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15
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Kushwaha SKS, Ghoshal S, Rai AK, Singh S. Carbon nanotubes as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer therapy: a review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties, attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug delivery. The unique properties of CNTs such as ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them useful for cancer therapy. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of modern times because its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Here, CNTs play a major role because phenomena such as EPR, allow CNTs to distinguish normal cells from affected ones, the Holy Grail in cancer therapy. Considerable work has been done on CNTs as drug delivery systems over the last two decades. However, concerns over certain issues such as biocompatibility and toxicity have been raised and warrant extensive research in this field.
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16
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Jeyamohan P, Hasumura T, Nagaoka Y, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Accelerated killing of cancer cells using a multifunctional single-walled carbon nanotube-based system for targeted drug delivery in combination with photothermal therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2653-67. [PMID: 23926428 PMCID: PMC3728273 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The photothermal effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in combination with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for targeting and accelerated destruction of breast cancer cells is demonstrated in this paper. A targeted drug-delivery system was developed for selective killing of breast cancer cells with polyethylene glycol biofunctionalized and DOX-loaded SWCNTs conjugated with folic acid. In our work, in vitro drug-release studies showed that the drug (DOX) binds at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and is released only at a lower pH, ie, lysosomal pH (pH 4.0), which is the characteristic pH of the tumor environment. A sustained release of DOX from the SWCNTs was observed for a period of 3 days. SWCNTs have strong optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this special spectral window, biological systems are highly transparent. Our study reports that under laser irradiation at 800 nm, SWCNTs exhibited strong light-heat transfer characteristics. These optical properties of SWCNTs open the way for selective photothermal ablation in cancer therapy. It was also observed that internalization and uptake of folate-conjugated NTs into cancer cells was achieved by a receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism. Results of the in vitro experiments show that laser was effective in destroying the cancer cells, while sparing the normal cells. When the above laser effect was combined with DOX-conjugated SWCNTs, we found enhanced and accelerated killing of breast cancer cells. Thus, this nanodrug-delivery system, consisting of laser, drug, and SWCNTs, looks to be a promising selective modality with high treatment efficacy and low side effects for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Jeyamohan
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasumura
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagaoka
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yoshida
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - D Sakthi Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
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17
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Muñoz E, Sreelatha A, Garriga R, Baughman RH, Goux WJ. Amyloidogenic Peptide/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites Based on Tau-Protein-Related Peptides Derived from AcPHF6: Preparation and Dispersive Properties. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7593-604. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Muñoz
- Instituto de Carboquı́mica ICB-CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza,
Spain
| | - Anju Sreelatha
- Department of Molecular
Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Rosa Garriga
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Fı́sica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Patel HJ, Kwon S. Length-dependent effect of single-walled carbon nanotube exposure in a dynamic cell growth environment of human alveolar epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:101-108. [PMID: 22854519 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great use of nanomaterials for engineering and medical applications, nanomaterials may have adverse consequences by accidental exposure, because of their nanoscale size, composition and shape. Like many nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used for many proven applications, but the size of the CNTs makes them more readily become airborne and can therefore create the risk of being inhaled by a worker. In this study, we evaluated single-walled CNT (SWCNT)-induced effects on cellular responses such as cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in dynamic cell growth condition. A dynamic cell growth environment was established to mimic the dynamic changes in the amount of circumferential and longitudinal expansion and contraction occurred during normal breathing movement in the lung. Two different length (short: outer diameter (OD) 1-2 nm, length 0.5-2 μm; long: OD 1-2 nm, length 5-30 μm) of SWCNTs were used at different exposure concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) during the different exposure duration (24, 48 and 72 h). Dynamic environment facilitated altered interaction between SWCNTs and A549 monolayer. Cellular responses in dynamic condition were significantly different from those in static condition. Moreover, cellular responses were dependent on the length of SWCNTs both in static and dynamic cell growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang J Patel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
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19
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Kesharwani P, Ghanghoria R, Jain NK. Carbon nanotube exploration in cancer cell lines. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1023-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Rodriguez-Fernandez L, Valiente R, Gonzalez J, Villegas JC, Fanarraga ML. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes display microtubule biomimetic properties in vivo, enhancing microtubule assembly and stabilization. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6614-6625. [PMID: 22769231 DOI: 10.1021/nn302222m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are hollow protein cylinders of 25 nm diameter which are implicated in cytokinetics and proliferation in all eukaryotic cells. Here we demonstrate in vivo how multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) interact with microtubules in human cancer cells (HeLa) blocking mitosis and leading to cell death by apoptosis. Our data suggest that, inside the cells, MWCNTs display microtubule biomimetic properties, assisting and enhancing noncentrosomal microtubule polymerization and stabilization. These features might be useful for developing a revolutionary generation of chemotherapeutic agents based on nanomaterials.
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21
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Nagai H, Toyokuni S. Differences and similarities between carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers during mesothelial carcinogenesis: shedding light on fiber entry mechanism. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1378-90. [PMID: 22568550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology represents an important milestone, as it opens the way to a broad spectrum of applications for nanomaterials in the fields of engineering, industry and medicine. One example of nanomaterials that have the potential for widespread use is carbon nanotubes, which have a tubular structure made of graphene sheets. However, there have been concerns that they may pose a potential health risk due to their similarities to asbestos, namely their high biopersistence and needle-like structure. We recently found that despite these similarities, carbon nanotubes and asbestos differ in certain aspects, such as their mechanism of entry into mesothelial cells. In the study, we showed that non-functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes enter mesothelial cells by directly piercing through the cell membrane in a diameter- and rigidity-dependent manner, whereas asbestos mainly enters these cells through the process of endocytosis, which is independent of fiber diameter. In this review, we discuss the key differences, as well as similarities, between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. We also summarize previous reports regarding the mechanism of carbon nanotube entry into non-phagocytic cells. As the entry of fibers into mesothelial cells is a crucial step in mesothelial carcinogenesis, we believe that a comprehensive study on the differences by which carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers enter into non-phagocytic cells will provide important clues for the safer manufacture of carbon nanotubes through strict regulation on fiber characteristics, such as diameter, surface properties, length and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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de la Zerda A, Kim JW, Galanzha EI, Gambhir SS, Zharov VP. Advanced contrast nanoagents for photoacoustic molecular imaging, cytometry, blood test and photothermal theranostics. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 6:346-69. [PMID: 22025336 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various nanoparticles have raised significant interest over the past decades for their unique physical and optical properties and biological utilities. Here we summarize the vast applications of advanced nanoparticles with a focus on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based or CNT-catalyzed contrast agents for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, cytometry and theranostics applications based on the photothermal (PT) effect. We briefly review the safety and potential toxicity of the PA/PT contrast nanoagents, while showing how the physical properties as well as multiple biological coatings change their toxicity profiles and contrasts. We provide general guidelines needed for the validation of a new molecular imaging agent in living subjects, and exemplify these guidelines with single-walled CNTs targeted to α(v) β(3) , an integrin associated with tumor angiogenesis, and golden carbon nanotubes targeted to LYVE-1, endothelial lymphatic receptors. An extensive review of the potential applications of advanced contrast agents is provided, including imaging of static targets such as tumor angiogenesis receptors, in vivo cytometry of dynamic targets such as circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles in blood, lymph, bones and plants, methods to enhance the PA and PT effects with transient and stationary bubble conjugates, PT/PA Raman imaging and multispectral histology. Finally, theranostic applications are reviewed, including the nanophotothermolysis of individual tumor cells and bacteria with clustered nanoparticles, nanothrombolysis of blood clots, detection and purging metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes, spectral hole burning and multiplex therapy with ultrasharp rainbow nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, the Bio-X Program and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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23
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Gasser M, Wick P, Clift MJD, Blank F, Diener L, Yan B, Gehr P, Krug HF, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Pulmonary surfactant coating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) influences their oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:17. [PMID: 22624622 PMCID: PMC3496593 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing concern has been expressed regarding the potential adverse health effects that may be associated with human exposure to inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Thus it is imperative that an understanding as to the underlying mechanisms and the identification of the key factors involved in adverse effects are gained. In the alveoli, MWCNTs first interact with the pulmonary surfactant. At this interface, proteins and lipids of the pulmonary surfactant bind to MWCNTs, affecting their surface characteristics. Aim of the present study was to investigate if the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant has an influence on potential adverse effects, upon both (i) human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) monocultures, and (ii) a sophisticated in vitro model of the human epithelial airway barrier. Both in vitro systems were exposed to MWCNTs either pre-coated with a porcine pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf) or not. The effect of MWCNTs surface charge was also investigated in terms of amino (−NH2) and carboxyl (−COOH) surface modifications. Results Pre-coating of MWCNTs with Curosurf affects their oxidative potential by increasing the reactive oxygen species levels and decreasing intracellular glutathione depletion in MDM as well as decreases the release of Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, an induction of apoptosis was observed after exposure to Curosurf pre-coated MWCNTs. In triple cell-co cultures the release of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was increased after exposure to Curosurf pre-coated MWCNTs. Effects of the MWCNTs functionalizations were minor in both MDM and triple cell co-cultures. Conclusions The present study clearly indicates that the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant more than the functionalization of the tubes is a key factor in determining their ability to cause oxidative stress, cytokine/chemokine release and apoptosis. Thus the coating of nano-objects with pulmonary surfactant should be considered for future lung in vitro risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gasser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Switzerland
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24
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Lamprecht C, Gierlinger N, Heister E, Unterauer B, Plochberger B, Brameshuber M, Hinterdorfer P, Hild S, Ebner A. Mapping the intracellular distribution of carbon nanotubes after targeted delivery to carcinoma cells using confocal Raman imaging as a label-free technique. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:164206. [PMID: 22466107 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by mammalian cells and their distribution within cells is being widely studied in recent years due to their increasing use for biomedical purposes. The two main imaging techniques used are confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The former, however, requires labeling of the CNTs with fluorescent dyes, while the latter is a work-intensive technique that is unsuitable for in situ bio-imaging. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, presents a direct, straightforward and label-free alternative. Confocal Raman microscopy can be used to image the CNTs inside cells, exploiting the strong Raman signal connected to different vibrational modes of the nanotubes. In addition, cellular components, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus, can be mapped. We first validate our method by showing that only when using the CNTs' G band for intracellular mapping accurate results can be obtained, as mapping of the radial breathing mode (RBM) only shows a small fraction of CNTs. We then take a closer look at the exact localization of the nanotubes inside cells after folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and show that, after 8-10 h incubation, the majority of CNTs are localized around the nucleus. In summary, Raman imaging has enormous potential for imaging CNTs inside cells, which is yet to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lamprecht
- Institute of Biophysics, J Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
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25
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Hsieh WH, Chang SF, Chen HM, Chen JH, Liaw J. Oral gene delivery with cyclo-(D-Trp-Tyr) peptide nanotubes. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1231-49. [PMID: 22480317 DOI: 10.1021/mp200523n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of cyclo-(D-Trp-Tyr) peptide nanotubes (PNTs) as oral gene delivery carriers was investigated in nude mice with eight 40 μg doses of pCMV-lacZ in 2 days at 3 h intervals. The association between DNA and PNTs, the DNase I stability of PNTs-associated DNA, and in vitro permeability of DNA were estimated. The results showed that the cyclo-(D-Trp-Tyr) PNTs self-associated at concentrations above 0.01 mg/mL. Plasmid DNA associated with PNTs with a binding constant of 3.2 × 10(8) M(-1) calculated by a fluorescence quenching assay. PNTs were able to protect DNA from DNase I, acid, and bile digestion for 50 min, 60 min, and 180 min, respectively. The in vitro duodenal apparent permeability coefficient of pCMV-lacZ calculated from a steady state flux was increased from 49.2 ± 21.6 × 10(-10) cm/s of naked DNA to 395.6 ± 142.2 × 10(-10) cm/s of pCMV-lacZ/PNT formulation. The permeation of pCMV-lacZ formulated with PNTs was found in an energy-dependent process. Furthermore, β-galatosidase (β-Gal) activity in tissues was quantitatively assessed using chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) and was significantly increased by 41% in the kidneys at 48 h and by 49, 63, and 46% in the stomach, duodenum, and liver, respectively, at 72 h after the first dose of oral delivery of pCMV-lacZ/PNT formulation. The organs with β-Gal activity were confirmed for the presence of pCMV-lacZ DNA with Southern blotting analysis and intracellular tracing the TM-rhodamine-labeled DNA and the presence of mRNA by reverse transcription-real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Another plasmid (pCMV-hRluc) encoding Renilla reniformis luciferase was used to confirm the results. An increased hRluc mRNA and luciferase in stomach, duodenum, liver, and kidney were detected by RT-qPCR, ex vivo bioluminescence imaging, luciferase activity quantification, and immunostaining, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsien Hsieh
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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26
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GhoshMitra S, Diercks DR, Mills NC, Hynds DL, Ghosh S. Role of engineered nanocarriers for axon regeneration and guidance: current status and future trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:110-25. [PMID: 22240258 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are approximately 1.5 million people who experience traumatic injuries to the brain and 265,000 who experience traumatic injuries to the spinal cord each year in the United States. Currently, there are few effective treatments for central nervous system (CNS) injuries because the CNS is refractory to axonal regeneration and relatively inaccessible to many pharmacological treatments. Smart, remotely tunable, multifunctional micro- and nanocarriers hold promise for delivering treatments to the CNS and targeting specific neurons to enhance axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, assessing the efficacy of treatments could be enhanced by biocompatible nanovectors designed for imaging in vivo. Recent developments in nanoengineering offer promising alternatives for designing biocompatible micro- and nanovectors, including magnetic nanostructures, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dot-based systems for controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to targeted CNS cells. This review highlights recent achievements in the development of smart nanostructures to overcome the existing challenges for treating CNS injuries.
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27
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Mashat A, Deng L, Altawashi A, Sougrat R, Wang G, Khashab NM. Zippered release from polymer-gated carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Chen T, Lantz SM, Howard PC, Paule MG, Slikker W, Watanabe F, Mustafa T, Biris AS, Ali SF. Mechanistic toxicity evaluation of uncoated and PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes in neuronal PC12 cells. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7020-7033. [PMID: 21866971 DOI: 10.1021/nn2016259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated and compared the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and SWCNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEGs) in neuronal PC12 cells at the biochemical, cellular, and gene expressional levels. SWCNTs elicited cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and SWCNT-PEGs exhibited less cytotoxic potency than uncoated SWCNTs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in both a concentration- and surface coating-dependent manner after exposure to these nanomaterials, indicating different oxidative stress mechanisms. More specifically, gene expression analysis showed that the genes involved in oxidoreductases and antioxidant activity, nucleic acid or lipid metabolism, and mitochondria dysfunction were highly represented. Interestingly, alteration of the genes is also surface coating-dependent with a good correlation with the biochemical data. These findings suggest that surface functionalization of SWCNTs decreases ROS-mediated toxicological response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zhang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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29
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Sobhani Z, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F, Ghahremani M, Adeli M. Increased paclitaxel cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines using a novel functionalized carbon nanotube. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:705-19. [PMID: 21556345 PMCID: PMC3084317 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes have attracted many researchers in the field of drug delivery systems. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were first functionalized using hyperbranched poly citric acid (PCA) to improve their hydrophilicity and functionality. Then, paclitaxel (PTX), a potent anticancer agent, was conjugated to the carboxyl functional groups of poly citric acid via a cleavable ester bond to obtain a MWNT-g-PCA-PTX conjugate. Drug content of the conjugate was about 38% (w/w). The particle size of MWNT-g-PCA and MWNT-g-PCA-PTX was approximately 125 and 200 nm, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed a curved shape for MWNT-g-PCA and MWNT-g-PCA-PTX, which was in contrast with the straight or linear conformation expected from carbon nanotubes. It seems that the high hydrophilicity of poly citric acid and high hydrophobicity of MWNTs led to conformational changes from a linear state to a curved state. Paclitaxel can be released from the MWNT-g-PCA-PTX conjugates faster at pH 6.8 and 5.0 than at pH 7.4, which was suitable for the release of the drug in tumor tissues and tumor cells. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were evaluated in the A549 and SKOV3 cell lines. MWNT-g-PCA had an insignificant cytotoxic effect on both cell lines. MWNT-g-PCA-PTX had more of a cytotoxic effect than the free drug over a shorter incubation time (eg, 24 hours versus 48 hours), which suggests improved cell penetration of MWNT-g-PCA-PTX. Therefore, paclitaxel conjugated to MWNT-g-PCA is promising for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sobhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Andersson PO, Lejon C, Ekstrand-Hammarström B, Akfur C, Ahlinder L, Bucht A, Osterlund L. Polymorph- and size-dependent uptake and toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles in living lung epithelial cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:514-523. [PMID: 21265017 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cellular uptake and distribution of five types of well-characterized anatase and rutile TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) in A549 lung epithelial cells is reported. Static light scattering (SLS), in-vitro Raman microspectroscopy (μ-Raman) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) reveal an intimate correlation between the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the NPs, particle agglomeration, and cellular NP uptake. It is shown that μ-Raman facilitates chemical-, polymorph-, and size-specific discrimination of endosomal-particle cell uptake and the retention of particles in the vicinity of organelles, including the cell nucleus, which quantitatively correlates with TEM and SLS data. Depth-profiling μ-Raman coupled with hyperspectral data analysis confirms the location of the NPs in the cells and shows that the NPs induce modifications of the biological matrix. NP uptake is found to be kinetically activated and strongly dependent on the hard agglomeration size-not the primary particle size-which quantitatively agrees with the measured intracellular oxidative stress. Pro-inflammatory responses are also found to be sensitive to primary particle size.
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel, one-dimensional nanomaterials with many unique physical and chemical properties that have been increasingly explored for biological and biomedical applications. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the intrinsic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), a special class of CNTs, and their corresponding applications in these fields. SWNTs have been utilized for the ultrasensitive detection of biological species, providing a label-free approach. SWNT-Raman tags have achieved detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L. SWNT-based drug delivery systems have shown promising potential based on preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies. Also, the remarkable optical properties of SWNTs have made them promising candidates as contrast agents for imaging in cells and animals. Moreover, due to their excellent mechanical strength, SWNTs have been used to improve the mechanical properties of solid polymeric nanocomposites and porous scaffolds. Sample preparation procedures for the use of SWNTs as fluorescent imaging labels and in biological composites will be discussed.
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Cui HF, Vashist SK, Al-Rubeaan K, Luong JHT, Sheu FS. Interfacing carbon nanotubes with living mammalian cells and cytotoxicity issues. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1131-47. [PMID: 20402485 DOI: 10.1021/tx100050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The unique structures and properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted extensive investigations for many applications, such as those in the field of biomedical materials and devices, biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Anticipated large-scale productions for numerous diversified applications of CNTs might adversely affect the environment and human health. For successful applications in the biomedical field, the issue of interfacing between CNTs and mammalian cells in vitro needs to be addressed before in vivo studies can be carried out systematically. We review the important studies pertaining to the internalization of CNTs into the cells and the culturing of cells on the CNT-based scaffold or support materials. The review will focus on the description of a variety of factors affecting CNT cytotoxicity: type of CNTs, impurities, lengths of CNTs, aspect ratios, dispersion, chemical modification, and assaying methods of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Cui
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore
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Lee Y, Geckeler KE. Carbon nanotubes in the biological interphase: the relevance of noncovalence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4076-4083. [PMID: 20717986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing interest in the biological applications of carbon nanotubes, their interactions in the biological interphase and their general cytotoxicity have become major issues. In spite of their salient properties, major hurdles still exist for their use in biological applications, due to their main characteristics, including their hydrophobic surfaces and tendency to aggregate, as well as their unknown interactions in the cellular interphase. In this Research News, these characteristics of carbon nanotubes, a model nanomaterial, are investigated. Thus, the cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes, the influence of functionalization, as well as their interactions with different mammalian cell lines are studied. Moreover, suggestions for the improvement of their biocompatibility and the design of biocompatible carbon nanotube-based systems are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Ménard-Moyon C, Venturelli E, Fabbro C, Samorì C, Da Ros T, Kostarelos K, Prato M, Bianco A. The alluring potential of functionalized carbon nanotubes in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:691-707. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.490552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gul H, Lu W, Xu P, Xing J, Chen J. Magnetic carbon nanotube labelling for haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell tracking. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:155101. [PMID: 20299726 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/15/155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) research has significantly contributed to the understanding and harnessing of haematopoiesis for regenerative medicine. However, the methodology for real-time tracking HSPC in vivo is still lacking, which seriously restricts the progress of research. Recently, magnetic carbon nanotubes (mCNT) have generated great excitement because they have been successfully used as vehicles to deliver a lot of biomolecules into various cells. There is, however, no report about mCNT being used for tracking HSPC. In this paper, we investigated the uptake efficiency of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled mCNT (FITC-mCNT) into HSPC and their effect on the cytotoxicity and differentiation of HSPC. We found that cellular uptake of FITC-mCNT was concentration-and time-dependent. The uptake of FITC-mCNT into HSPC reached up to 100% with the highest mean fluorescence (MF). More importantly, efficient FITC-mCNT uptake has no adverse effect on the cell viability, cytotoxicity and differentiation of HSPC as confirmed by colony-forming unit assay (CFU). In conclusion, the results reported here suggest the further tailoring of mCNT for their use in HSPC labelling/tracking in vivo or gene delivery into HSPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Gul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
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Zhang X, Meng L, Wang X, Lu Q. Preparation and Cellular Uptake of pH-Dependent Fluorescent Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry 2010; 16:556-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mu Q, Broughton DL, Yan B. Endosomal leakage and nuclear translocation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: developing a model for cell uptake. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4370-5. [PMID: 19902917 PMCID: PMC2796686 DOI: 10.1021/nl902647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We report our findings on cellular membrane penetration, endocytosis, endosomal leakage, and nuclear translocation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Our data is consistent with a working model for MWCNTs' cell uptake and cellular translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mu
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Katari S, Wallack M, Huebschman M, Pantano P, Garner H. Fabrication and evaluation of a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system. J Microsc 2009; 236:11-7. [PMID: 19772532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes modifications to a hyperspectral imaging microscope that extend its capabilities into the near-infrared (950-1300 nm). The major changes include installing a grating, charge-coupled device camera, and lenses and filters appropriate for infrared wavelengths. Calibration of the system and validation with lead sulfide quantum dots of known emission wavelength is reported. Cells from the breast carcinoma cell line SkBr3 were scanned with lead sulfide quantum dots that emit at 1100 nm as the background and an image which contains the integrated spectral data is presented. We also demonstrate that this instrument is capable of detecting the photoluminescence spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katari
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and the Division for Translational Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using modified single wall carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6041-7. [PMID: 19643474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system that is triggered by changes in pH based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), derivatized with carboxylate groups and coated with a polysaccharide material, can be loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug binds at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and is only released at a lower pH, for example, lysosomal pH and the pH characteristic of certain tumor environments. By manipulating the surface potentials of the modified nanotubes through modification of the polysaccharide coating, both the loading efficiency and release rate of the associated DOX can be controlled. Folic acid (FA), a targeting agent for many tumors, can be additionally tethered to the SWCNTs to selectively deliver DOX into the lysosomes of HeLa cells with much higher efficiency than free DOX. The DOX released from the modified nanotubes has been shown to damage nuclear DNA and inhibit the cell proliferation.
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Becraft EJ, Klimenko AS, Dieckmann GR. Influence of alternating L-/D-amino acid chiralities and disulfide bond geometry on the capacity of cysteine-containing reversible cyclic peptides to disperse carbon nanotubes. Biopolymers 2009; 92:212-21. [PMID: 19283829 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have exciting properties and potential applications, their hydrophobic nature makes them difficult to purify and manipulate. To fully realize the potential of SWNTs, strategies for the effective dispersion, separation, and organization of these materials must be devised. In this article, work involving the recent design and characterization of reversible cyclic peptides (RCPs) and RCP/SWNT composites will be described. The peptides in this work contain alternating L- and D-amino acid sequences, as well as N- and C-terminal cysteine residues (RCP-Cys) that allow for their covalent closure around the circumference of individual SWNTs. When RCPs are oxidized in the presence of SWNTs, dispersions are produced that are stable against dilution by dialysis without the formation of aggregates. The reported studies using Raman spectroscopy and UV/Vis/NIR were focused on answering the questions (1) does the chirality of the disulfide bond impact the capacity of the RCP-Cys to disperse SWNTs, and (2) is the alternating chirality of the amino acids in the RCP-Cys peptides important for SWNT dispersion. It was found that though Cys-containing RCPs are indeed able to disperse SWNTs, the chirality of the Cys residues on the N- and C- termini does not have a significant influence on the dispersed SWNT population. However, there is a large decrease in the dispersability by RCP-Cys when the alternating L/D-chiral pattern of amino acids is replaced with all L-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Becraft
- Department of Chemistry and Alan. G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Stoker E, Purser F, Kwon S, Park YB, Lee JS. Alternative estimation of human exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes using three-dimensional tissue-engineered human lung. Int J Toxicol 2009; 27:441-8. [PMID: 19482823 DOI: 10.1080/10915810802552138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of various forms of carbon nanostructure have stimulated research on their applications and hold promise for applications in medicine and other related engineering areas. Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are already being produced on a massive scale, few studies have been performed which test the potential harmful effects of this new technology. The authors used a three-dimensional in vitro model of the human airway using a coculture of normal human bronchial epithelial cells and normal human fibroblasts for the health risk assessment of CNTs on the human respiratory systems. The authors used aqueous single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solution. The average length and diameter of nanotube ropes were about 500 nm and less than 10 nm, respectively. The authors measured the production of nitric oxide (NO) as an inflammatory marker and mitochondrial activity using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay as a cytotoxic response of the cell layers following exposure of different concentration of aqueous SWCNT solution. The results indicated that NO production was dramatically increased and cell viability was decreased following exposure of different concentrations of SWCNTs. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) across the coculture layers was measured to observe the changes in airway physiological function following exposure of different concentrations of SWCNTs. TER value was dramatically decreased following exposure of 20% SWCNT (8 microg/ml). In this study, the authors presented viable alternatives to in vivo tests to evaluate the toxicity of engineered SWCNTs. Cytotoxic/inflammatory responses and barrier function of the human lung layers following exposure of SWCNTs were observed using in vitro coculture system of airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stoker
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
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Wang R, Mikoryak C, Chen E, Li S, Pantano P, Draper RK. Gel Electrophoresis Method to Measure the Concentration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Extracted from Biological Tissue. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2944-52. [PMID: 19296592 DOI: 10.1021/ac802485n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhung Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Carole Mikoryak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Elena Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Synyoung Li
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Rockford K. Draper
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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Liu Z, Tabakman S, Welsher K, Dai H. Carbon Nanotubes in Biology and Medicine: In vitro and in vivo Detection, Imaging and Drug Delivery. NANO RESEARCH 2009; 2:85-120. [PMID: 20174481 PMCID: PMC2824900 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-009-9009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological systems. Ultrasensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface. Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible, nontoxic, and potentially useful for biomedical applications. In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes, with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES), including the liver and spleen, after intravenous administration. If well functionalized, nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces. Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Moreover, single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence, Raman, and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals. Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
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Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Porter D, Schulte P, Kagan VE, Fadeel B, Castranova V. Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:192-204. [PMID: 19103221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging science involving manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale. There are several exciting prospects for the application of engineered nanomaterials in medicine. However, concerns over adverse and unanticipated effects on human health have also been raised. In fact, the same properties that make engineered nanomaterials attractive from a technological and biomedical perspective could also make these novel materials harmful to human health and the environment. Carbon nanotubes are cylinders of one or several coaxial graphite layer(s) with a diameter in the order of nanometers, and serve as an instructive example of the Janus-like properties of nanomaterials. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that carbon nanotubes and/or associated contaminants or catalytic materials that arise during the production process may induce oxidative stress and prominent pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies also suggest some similarities between the pathogenic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and those of asbestos fibers. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes can be readily functionalized and several studies on the use of carbon nanotubes as versatile excipients for drug delivery and imaging of disease processes have been reported, suggesting that carbon nanotubes may have a place in the armamentarium for treatment and monitoring of cancer, infection, and other disease conditions. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that holds great promise; however, close attention to safety issues is required to ensure that the opportunities that carbon nanotubes and other engineered nanoparticles offer can be translated into feasible and safe constructs for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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Mooney E, Dockery P, Greiser U, Murphy M, Barron V. Carbon nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: biocompatibility, proliferation and differentiation. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2137-43. [PMID: 18624387 DOI: 10.1021/nl073300o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The synergy of the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with the remarkable potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) provides an exciting opportunity for novel therapeutic modalities. However, little is known about the impact of CNT on hMSC behavior. We report the effect of CNT on hMSC renewal, metabolic activity, and differentiation. Furthermore, we tracked the intracellular movement of CNT through the cytoplasm to a nuclear location and assessed effects on cellular ultra structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mooney
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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46
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Thermal ablation of tumor cells with antibody-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8697-702. [PMID: 18559847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803557105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emit heat when they absorb energy from near-infrared (NIR) light. Tissue is relatively transparent to NIR, which suggests that targeting CNTs to tumor cells, followed by noninvasive exposure to NIR light, will ablate tumors within the range of NIR. In this study, we demonstrate the specific binding of antibody-coupled CNTs to tumor cells in vitro, followed by their highly specific ablation with NIR light. Biotinylated polar lipids were used to prepare stable, biocompatible, noncytotoxic CNT dispersions that were then attached to one of two different neutralite avidin-derivatized mAbs directed against either human CD22 or CD25. CD22(+)CD25(-) Daudi cells bound only CNTs coupled to the anti-CD22 mAb; CD22(-)CD25(+) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells bound only to the CNTs coupled to the anti-CD25 mAb. Most importantly, only the specifically targeted cells were killed after exposure to NIR light.
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47
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Yehia HN, Draper RK, Mikoryak C, Walker EK, Bajaj P, Musselman IH, Daigrepont MC, Dieckmann GR, Pantano P. Single-walled carbon nanotube interactions with HeLa cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2007; 5:8. [PMID: 17956629 PMCID: PMC2131758 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work concerns exposing cultured human epithelial-like HeLa cells to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed in cell culture media supplemented with serum. First, the as-received CoMoCAT SWNT-containing powder was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analyses. Characterizations of the purified dispersions, termed DM-SWNTs, involved atomic force microscopy, inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, and absorption and Raman spectroscopies. Confocal microRaman spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that DM-SWNTs were taken up by HeLa cells in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed SWNT-like material in intracellular vacuoles. The morphologies and growth rates of HeLa cells exposed to DM-SWNTs were statistically similar to control cells over the course of 4 d. Finally, flow cytometry was used to show that the fluorescence from MitoSOXtrade mark Red, a selective indicator of superoxide in mitochondria, was statistically similar in both control cells and cells incubated in DM-SWNTs. The combined results indicate that under our sample preparation protocols and assay conditions, CoMoCAT DM-SWNT dispersions are not inherently cytotoxic to HeLa cells. We conclude with recommendations for improving the accuracy and comparability of carbon nanotube (CNT) cytotoxicity reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi N Yehia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Rockford K Draper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Carole Mikoryak
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Erin Kate Walker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Pooja Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Inga H Musselman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Meredith C Daigrepont
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Gregg R Dieckmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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