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Jorch SK, McNally A, Berger P, Wolf J, Kaiser K, Chetrusca Covash A, Robeck S, Pastau I, Fehler O, Jauch-Speer SL, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Van Gorp H, Kanneganti A, Dehoorne J, Haerynck F, Penco F, Gattorno M, Chae JJ, Kubes P, Lamkanfi M, Wullaert A, Sperandio M, Vogl T, Roth J, Austermann J. Complex regulation of alarmins S100A8/A9 and secretion via gasdermin D pores exacerbates autoinflammation in familial Mediterranean fever. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:230-243. [PMID: 36822481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), caused by mutations in the pyrin-encoding MEFV gene, is characterized by uncontrolled caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. A similar mechanism drives inflammation in cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) caused by mutations in NLRP3. CAPS and FMF, however, result in largely different clinical manifestations, pointing to additional, autoinflammatory pathways involved in FMF. Another hallmark of FMF is extraordinarily high expression of S100A8 and S100A9. These alarmins are ligands of Toll-like receptor 4 and amplifiers of inflammation. However, the relevance of this inflammatory pathway for the pathogenesis of FMF is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether mutations in pyrin result in specific secretion of S100A8/A9 alarmins through gasdermin D pores' amplifying FMF pathology. METHODS S100A8/A9 levels in FMF patients were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro models with knockout cell lines and specific protein inhibitors were used to unravel the S100A8/A9 secretion mechanism. The impact of S100A8/A9 to the pathophysiology of FMF was analyzed with FMF (MEFVV726A/V726A) and S100A9-/- mouse models. Pyrin-S100A8/A9 interaction was investigated by coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies. RESULTS The S100A8/A9 complexes directly interacted with pyrin. Knocking out pyrin, caspase-1, or gasdermin D inhibited the secretion of these S100 alarmins. Inflammatory S100A8/A9 dimers were inactivated by tetramer formation. Blocking this inactivation by targeted S100A9 deletion in a murine FMF model demonstrated the relevance of this novel autoinflammatory pathway in FMF. CONCLUSION This is the first proof that members of the S100 alarmin family are released in a pyrin/caspase-1/gasdermin D-dependent pathway and directly drive autoinflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Jorch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika McNally
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Berger
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Wolf
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kim Kaiser
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Robeck
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabell Pastau
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olesja Fehler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanne Van Gorp
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, and the Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, and the Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Dehoorne
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS "Giannina Gaslini," Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS "Giannina Gaslini," Genoa, Italy
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, and the Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, and the Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Lara-Reyna S, Caseley EA, Topping J, Rodrigues F, Jimenez Macias J, Lawler SE, McDermott MF. Inflammasome activation: from molecular mechanisms to autoinflammation. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1404. [PMID: 35832835 PMCID: PMC9262628 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are assembled by innate immune sensors that cells employ to detect a range of danger signals and respond with pro-inflammatory signalling. Inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases, which trigger a cascade of molecular events with the potential to compromise cellular integrity and release the IL-1β and IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several molecular mechanisms, working in concert, ensure that inflammasome activation is tightly regulated; these include NLRP3 post-translational modifications, ubiquitination and phosphorylation, as well as single-domain proteins that competitively bind to key inflammasome components, such as the CARD-only proteins (COPs) and PYD-only proteins (POPs). These diverse regulatory systems ensure that a suitable level of inflammation is initiated to counteract any cellular insult, while simultaneously preserving tissue architecture. When inflammasomes are aberrantly activated can drive excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death, leading to tissue damage. In several autoinflammatory conditions, inflammasomes are aberrantly activated with subsequent development of clinical features that reflect the degree of underlying tissue and organ damage. Several of the resulting disease complications may be successfully controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs and/or specific cytokine inhibitors, in addition to more recently developed small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we will explore the molecular processes underlying the activation of several inflammasomes and highlight their role during health and disease. We also describe the detrimental effects of these inflammasome complexes, in some pathological conditions, and review current therapeutic approaches as well as future prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Emily A Caseley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Joanne Topping
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - François Rodrigues
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine interne Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA) Paris France
| | - Jorge Jimenez Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.,Brown Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.,Brown Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
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3
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The pyrin inflammasome aggravates inflammatory cell migration in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1399-1404. [PMID: 33963299 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by pathogenic variants of the MEFV gene, which encodes pyrin. Leukocyte migration to serosal sites is a key event during inflammation in FMF. The pyrin inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in inflammation. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between inflammatory cell migration and the pyrin inflammasome in FMF patients. METHODS Monocytes were isolated from blood samples collected from patients with FMF, healthy controls, and a patient with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), which served as a disease control. Inflammasome proteins were analyzed under inflammasome activation and inhibition by western blotting. Cell migration assays were performed with the isolated primary monocytes as well as THP-1 monocytes and THP-1-derived macrophages. RESULTS When the pyrin inflammasome was suppressed, migration of monocytes from FMF patients was significantly decreased compared to the migration of monocytes from the CAPS patient and healthy controls. Cell line experiments showed a relationship between pyrin inflammasome activation and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the increased cell migration in FMF is due to the presence of more active pyrin inflammasome. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of pyrin in inflammatory cell migration through inflammasome formation. IMPACT The pyrin inflammasome may play a role in inflammatory cell migration. FMF patients show a pyrin inflammasome-dependent increase in inflammatory cell migration. Correlations between the pyrin inflammasome and cell migration were observed in both THP-1 monocytes and THP-1-derived macrophages.
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4
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Pandey A, Shen C, Feng S, Man SM. Cell biology of inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:924-939. [PMID: 34284921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are critical structures in mediating the assembly and activation of inflammasomes in mammalian cells, resulting in inflammation and cell death. Assembly of inflammasomes can occur at the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, trans-Golgi network, or pathogen surface, facilitated by the overarching architecture of the cytoskeleton. NLRP3 and Pyrin inflammasome sensors may form smaller speckles and converge on a single larger speck at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). This signaling hub activates multiple mammalian inflammatory and apoptotic caspases, cytokine substrates, the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, and the plasma membrane rupture protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), allowing pyroptosis, cellular disintegration, and inflammation to ensue. In this review, we highlight the role of mammalian cell types and organellar architectures in executing inflammasome responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanu Pandey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shouya Feng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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5
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Martirosyan A, Poghosyan D, Ghonyan S, Mkrtchyan N, Amaryan G, Manukyan G. Transmigration of Neutrophils From Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever Causes Increased Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672728. [PMID: 34079554 PMCID: PMC8165278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is caused by pyrin-encoding MEFV gene mutations and characterized by the self-limiting periods of intense inflammation, which are mainly mediated by a massive influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the inflamed sites. Perturbation of actin polymerization by different pathogens was shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome. Our aim was to test whether cytoskeletal dynamics in the absence of pathogens may cause abnormal activation of PMNs from FMF patients. We also aimed to characterize immunophenotypes of circulating neutrophils and their functional activity. Circulating PMNs displayed heterogeneity in terms of cell size, granularity and immunophenotypes. Particularly, PMNs from the patients in acute flares (FMF-A) exhibited a characteristic of aged/activated cells (small cell size and granularity, up-regulated CXCR4), while PMNs form the patients in remission period (FMF-R) displayed mixed fresh/aged cell characteristics (normal cell size and granularity, up-regulated CD11b, CD49d, CXCR4, and CD62L). The findings may suggest that sterile tissue-infiltrated PMNs undergo reverse migration back to bone marrow and may explain why these PMNs do not cause immune-mediated tissue damage. A multidirectional expression of FcγRs on neutrophils during acute flares was also noteworthy: up-regulation of FcγRI and down-regulation of FcγRII/FcγRIII. We also observed spontaneous and fMPL-induced activation of PMNs from the patients after transmigration through inserts as seen by the increased expression of CD11b and intracellular expression of IL-1β. Our study suggests heightened sensitivity of mutated pyrin inflammasome towards cytoskeletal modifications in the absence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush Martirosyan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - David Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Susanna Ghonyan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nune Mkrtchyan
- National Pediatrics Center of Familial Mediterranean Fever "Arabkir" Joint Medical Center- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia.,Department of Pediatrics, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gayane Amaryan
- National Pediatrics Center of Familial Mediterranean Fever "Arabkir" Joint Medical Center- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia.,Department of Pediatrics, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gayane Manukyan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), Yerevan, Armenia
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6
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Walpole GFW, Plumb JD, Chung D, Tang B, Boulay B, Osborne DG, Piotrowski JT, Catz SD, Billadeau DD, Grinstein S, Jaumouillé V. Inactivation of Rho GTPases by Burkholderia cenocepacia Induces a WASH-Mediated Actin Polymerization that Delays Phagosome Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107721. [PMID: 32492429 PMCID: PMC7315377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes severe pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease patients. B. cenocepacia can survive inside infected macrophages within the B. cenocepacia-containing vacuole (BcCV) and to elicit a severe inflammatory response. By inactivating the host macrophage Rho GTPases, the bacterial effector TecA causes depolymerization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we find that B. cenocepacia induces the formation of large cytosolic F-actin clusters in infected macrophages. Cluster formation requires the nucleation-promoting factor WASH, the Arp2/3 complex, and TecA. Inactivation of Rho GTPases by bacterial toxins is necessary and sufficient to induce the formation of the cytosolic actin clusters. By hijacking WASH and Arp2/3 activity, B. cenocepacia disrupts interactions with the endolysosomal system, thereby delaying the maturation of the BcCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Plumb
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniel Chung
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brandon Tang
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Benoit Boulay
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Douglas G Osborne
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joshua T Piotrowski
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-215, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Valentin Jaumouillé
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Bacterial detection by NAIP/NLRC4 elicits prompt contractions of intestinal epithelial cell layers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2013963118. [PMID: 33846244 PMCID: PMC8072224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013963118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium serves to maximize the surface for nutrient and fluid uptake, but at the same time must provide a tight barrier to pathogens and remove damaged intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) without jeopardizing barrier integrity. How the epithelium coordinates these tasks remains a question of significant interest. We used imaging and an optical flow analysis pipeline to study the dynamicity of untransformed murine and human intestinal epithelia, cultured atop flexible hydrogel supports. Infection with the pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) within minutes elicited focal contractions with inward movements of up to ∼1,000 IECs. Genetics approaches and chimeric epithelial monolayers revealed contractions to be triggered by the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome, which sensed type-III secretion system and flagellar ligands upon bacterial invasion, converting the local tissue into a contraction epicenter. Execution of the response required swift sublytic Gasdermin D pore formation, ion fluxes, and the propagation of a myosin contraction pulse across the tissue. Importantly, focal contractions preceded, and could be uncoupled from, the death and expulsion of infected IECs. In both two-dimensional monolayers and three-dimensional enteroids, multiple infection-elicited contractions coalesced to produce shrinkage of the epithelium as a whole. Monolayers deficient for Caspase-1(-11) or Gasdermin D failed to elicit focal contractions but were still capable of infected IEC death and expulsion. Strikingly, these monolayers lost their integrity to a markedly higher extent than wild-type counterparts. We propose that prompt NAIP/NLRC4/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D/myosin-dependent contractions allow the epithelium to densify its cell packing in infected regions, thereby preventing tissue disintegration due to the subsequent IEC death and expulsion process.
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Savic S, Caseley EA, McDermott MF. Moving towards a systems-based classification of innate immune-mediated diseases. NATURE REVIEWS. RHEUMATOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32107482 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0377-5)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammation as a distinct disease category was first reported in 1999 as a group of monogenic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic and organ-specific inflammation, known as periodic fever syndromes. Since this original description, the focus has shifted considerably to the inclusion of complex multifactorial conditions with an autoinflammatory basis. Furthermore, the boundaries of what are considered to be autoinflammatory disorders are constantly evolving and currently encompass elements of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Notable developments in the intervening 20 years include substantial progress in understanding how the different inflammasomes are activated, how infection is sensed by the innate immune system and how intracellular signalling systems are consequently activated and integrated with many different cellular functions in the autoinflammatory process. With these developments, the field of autoinflammation is moving from a gene-centric view of innate immune-mediated disease towards a systems-based concept, which describes how various convergent pathways, including pyrin and the actin cytoskeleton, protein misfolding and cellular stress, NF-κB dysregulation and interferon activation, contribute to the autoinflammatory process. The development and adoption of a systems-based concept of systemic autoinflammatory diseases is anticipated to have implications for the development of treatments that target specific components of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Savic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Emily A Caseley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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10
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Moving towards a systems-based classification of innate immune-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:222-237. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang Y, Rong H, Zhang FX, Wu K, Mu L, Meng J, Xiao B, Zamponi GW, Shi Y. A Membrane Potential- and Calpain-Dependent Reversal of Caspase-1 Inhibition Regulates Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2356-2369.e5. [PMID: 30157429 PMCID: PMC6201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome senses a range of cellular disturbances, although no consensus exists regarding a common mechanism. Canonical NLRP3 activation is blocked by high extracellular K+, regardless of the activating signal. We report here that canonical NLRP3 activation leads to Ca2+ flux and increased calpain activity. Activated calpain releases a pool of Caspase-1 sequestered by the cytoskeleton to regulate NLRP3 activation. Using electrophysiological recording, we found that resting-state eukaryotic membrane potential (MP) is required for this calpain activity, and depolarization by high extracellular K+ or artificial hyperpolarization results in the inhibition of calpain. Therefore, the MP/Ca2+/calpain/ Caspase-1 axis acts as an independent regulatory mechanism for NLRP3 activity. This finding provides mechanistic insight into high K+-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 activation, and it offers an alternative model of NLRP3 inflammasome activation that does not involve K+ efflux. Zhang et al. find that, in canonical NLRP inflammasome activation, calpain activity is essential for releasing caspase-1 from flightless-1 and the cytoskeleton. Membrane depolarization, such as under high extracellular K+ or hyperpolarization, impairs this activity. This work provides insight into extracellular K+ -mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Libing Mu
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junchen Meng
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Rheumatological manifestations in inborn errors of immunity. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:293-299. [PMID: 31581173 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rare monogenetic diseases serve as natural models to dissect the molecular pathophysiology of the complex disease traits. Rheumatologic disorders by their nature are considered complex diseases with partially genetic origin, as illustrated by their heterogeneous genetic background and variable phenotypic presentation. Recent advances in genetic technologies have helped uncover multiple variants associated with disease susceptibility; however, a precise understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships is still missing. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), in addition to recurrent infections, may also present with autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatologic manifestations and have provided insights for understanding the underlying the principles of immune system homeostasis and mechanisms of immune dysregulation. This review discusses the rheumatologic manifestations in IEIs with overlapping and differentiating features in immunodeficiencies and rheumatologic disorders.
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13
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Plazyo O, Sheng JJ, Jin JP. Downregulation of calponin 2 contributes to the quiescence of lung macrophages. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C749-C761. [PMID: 31365293 PMCID: PMC6850996 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00036.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calponin 2 is an actin cytoskeleton-associated regulatory protein that inhibits the activity of myosin-ATPase and cytoskeleton dynamics. Recent studies have demonstrated that deletion of calponin 2 restricts the proinflammatory activation of macrophages in atherosclerosis and arthritis to attenuate the disease progression in mice. Here we demonstrate that the levels of calponin 2 vary among different macrophage populations, which may reflect their adaptation to specific tissue microenvironment corresponding to specific functional states. Interestingly, lung resident macrophages express significantly lower calponin 2 than peritoneal resident macrophages, which correlates with decreased substrate adhesion and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and a proresolution phenotype. Deletion of calponin 2 in peritoneal macrophages also decreased substrate adhesion and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Providing the first line of defense against microbial invasion while receiving constant exposure to extrinsic antigens, lung macrophages need to maintain a necessary level of activity while limiting exaggerated inflammatory reaction. Therefore, their low level of calponin 2 may reflect an important physiological adaption. Downregulation of calponin 2 in macrophages may be targeted as a cytoskeleton-based novel mechanism, possibly via endoplasmic reticulum stress altering the processing and secretion of cytokines, to regulate immune response and promote quiescence for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Juan-Juan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Mechanism-Based Precision Therapy for the Treatment of Primary Immunodeficiency and Primary Immunodysregulatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:761-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Chen Q, Zhou J, Zhang B, Chen Z, Luo Q, Song G. Cyclic Stretching Exacerbates Tendinitis by Enhancing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity via F-Actin Depolymerization. Inflammation 2019; 41:1731-1743. [PMID: 29951874 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern molecular techniques have highlighted the presence of inflammation throughout the spectrum of tendinopathy. Previous studies have suggested that excessive inflammation in the tendon is a major factor leading to poor clinical treatment. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome, as a new term, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. In the present study, we examined whether the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development of tendinitis and whether cyclic stretching plays a prominent role in inflammation in the tendon. In the present study, we showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remarkably enhances the expression and release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The maturation of IL-1β, induced by H2O2, depends on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cyclic stretching enhances the maturation of IL-1β via promoting H2O2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tenocytes. Furthermore, we also found that the depolymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) was required for cyclic stretching-enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of tendinitis. Disruption of the cytoskeleton by cyclic stretching exerts a proinflammatory effect via further activating the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and hence contributes to tendinitis. These results may provide theoretical support for a new treatment strategy for preventing excessive inflammation in the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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16
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Harapas CR, Steiner A, Davidson S, Masters SL. An Update on Autoinflammatory Diseases: Inflammasomopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 20:40. [PMID: 29846819 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoinflammatory diseases are driven by abnormal innate immune activation. In the case of inflammasomopathies, these are all attributable to activation of an inflammasome complex, nucleated by an innate immune sensor such as NLRP3. This review will focus on recent advances that have helped to elucidate the role of three other sensors (NLRP1, NLRC4 and pyrin) which can also cause inflammasomopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Mutations in pyrin (S242R or E244K) destroy an inhibitory 14-3-3 binding site and result in the newly characterised disease pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND). Moreover, a separate autoinflammatory disease driven by mevalonate kinase deficiency leads to defective RhoGTPase prenylation and subsequent loss of pyrin S242R phosphorylation, suggesting a shared mechanism of disease. Other inflammasomes such as NLRP1 and NLRC4 have had novel mutations described recently, which inform about the specific domains required for activation and autoinhibition. This review covers recent advances in the study of inflammasomopathies, focussing on gene discoveries that elucidate new pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Harapas
- Inflammation division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Annemarie Steiner
- Inflammation division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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17
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Kesavardhana S, Kanneganti TD. Mechanisms governing inflammasome activation, assembly and pyroptosis induction. Int Immunol 2018; 29:201-210. [PMID: 28531279 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that regulate inflammatory responses and pyroptotic cell death to exert host defense against microbes. Intracellular pattern-recognition receptors such as nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and absent in melanoma 2 like receptors (ALRs) assemble the inflammasome complexes in response to pathogens and danger or altered-self signals in the cell. Inflammasome sensors, in association with an adaptor protein-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activation and -recruitment domain (ASC)-activate inflammatory caspase-1 to enable the release of inflammatory cytokines and induce cell death, conferring host defense against pathogens. Beyond infectious diseases, the importance of inflammasomes is implicated in a variety of clinical conditions such as auto-inflammatory diseases, neuro-degeneration and metabolic disorders and the development of cancers. Understanding inflammasome activation and its molecular regulation can unveil therapeutic targets for controlling inflammasome-mediated disorders. In this review, we describe recent advances in inflammasome biology and discuss its activation, structural insights into inflammasome assembly and mechanisms for the execution of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannula Kesavardhana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS #351, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS #351, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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18
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Smith JA. Regulation of Cytokine Production by the Unfolded Protein Response; Implications for Infection and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:422. [PMID: 29556237 PMCID: PMC5844972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential cell function. To safeguard this process in the face of environmental threats and internal stressors, cells mount an evolutionarily conserved response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Invading pathogens induce cellular stress that impacts protein folding, thus the UPR is well situated to sense danger and contribute to immune responses. Cytokines (inflammatory cytokines and interferons) critically mediate host defense against pathogens, but when aberrantly produced, may also drive pathologic inflammation. The UPR influences cytokine production on multiple levels, from stimulation of pattern recognition receptors, to modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and the regulation of cytokine transcription factors. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying cytokine regulation by the UPR, and the repercussions of this relationship for infection and autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. Interrogation of viral and bacterial infections has revealed increasing numbers of examples where pathogens induce or modulate the UPR and implicated UPR-modulated cytokines in host response. The flip side of this coin, the UPR/ER stress responses have been increasingly recognized in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Examples include monogenic disorders of ER function, diseases linked to misfolding protein (HLA-B27 and spondyloarthritis), diseases directly implicating UPR and autophagy genes (inflammatory bowel disease), and autoimmune diseases targeting highly secretory cells (e.g., diabetes). Given the burgeoning interest in pharmacologically targeting the UPR, greater discernment is needed regarding how the UPR regulates cytokine production during specific infections and autoimmune processes, and the relative place of this interaction in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Baker PJ, De Nardo D, Moghaddas F, Tran LS, Bachem A, Nguyen T, Hayman T, Tye H, Vince JE, Bedoui S, Ferrero RL, Masters SL. Posttranslational Modification as a Critical Determinant of Cytoplasmic Innate Immune Recognition. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1165-1209. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface innate immune receptors can directly detect a variety of extracellular pathogens to which cytoplasmic innate immune sensors are rarely exposed. Instead, within the cytoplasm, the environment is rife with cellular machinery and signaling pathways that are indirectly perturbed by pathogenic microbes to activate intracellular sensors, such as pyrin, NLRP1, NLRP3, or NLRC4. Therefore, subtle changes in key intracellular processes such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and other pathways leading to posttranslational protein modification are key determinants of innate immune recognition in the cytoplasm. This concept is critical to establish the “guard hypothesis” whereby otherwise homeostatic pathways that keep innate immune sensors at bay are released in response to alterations in their posttranslational modification status. Originally identified in plants, evidence that a similar guardlike mechanism exists in humans has recently been identified, whereby a mutation that prevents phosphorylation of the innate immune sensor pyrin triggers a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease. It is also noteworthy that even when a cytoplasmic innate immune sensor has a direct ligand, such as bacterial peptidoglycan (NOD1 or NOD2), RNA (RIG-I or MDA5), or DNA (cGAS or IFI16), it can still be influenced by posttranslational modification to dramatically alter its response. Therefore, due to their existence in the cytoplasmic milieu, posttranslational modification is a key determinant of intracellular innate immune receptor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas Hayman
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hazel Tye
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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20
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Thom SR, Bhopale VM, Hu J, Yang M. Increased carbon dioxide levels stimulate neutrophils to produce microparticles and activate the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor 3 inflammasome. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:406-416. [PMID: 28288918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that elevations of carbon dioxide (CO2) commonly found in modern buildings will stimulate leukocytes to produce microparticles (MPs) and activate the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome due to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Human and murine neutrophils generate MPs with high interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content when incubated ex vivo in buffer equilibrated with 0.1-0.4% additional CO2. Enhanced MPs production requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which is mediated by activities of pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Subsequent events leading to MPs generation include perturbation of inositol 1,3,5-triphosphate receptors, a transient elevation of intracellular calcium, activation of protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase (Nox). Concomitant activation of type-2 nitric oxide synthase yields secondary oxidants resulting in actin S-nitrosylation and enhanced filamentous actin turnover. Numerous proteins are linked to short filamentous actin including vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, focal adhesion kinase, the membrane phospholipid translocation enzymes flippase and floppase, and the critical inflammasome protein ASC (Apoptosis-associated Speck protein with CARD domain). Elevations of CO2 cause oligomerization of the inflammasome components ASC, NLRP3, caspase 1, thioredoxin interacting protein, and calreticulin - a protein from endoplasmic reticulum, leading to IL-1β synthesis. An increased production rate of MPs containing elevated amounts of IL-1β persists for hours after short-term exposures to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - JingPing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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21
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Standing ASI, Malinova D, Hong Y, Record J, Moulding D, Blundell MP, Nowak K, Jones H, Omoyinmi E, Gilmour KC, Medlar A, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Anderson G, Nanthapisal S, Gomes SM, Klein N, Eleftheriou D, Thrasher AJ, Brogan PA. Autoinflammatory periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT) caused by mutation in actin-regulatory gene WDR1. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 27994071 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161228)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The importance of actin dynamics in the activation of the inflammasome is becoming increasingly apparent. IL-1β, which is activated by the inflammasome, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. However, evidence from an autoinflammatory murine model indicates that IL-18, the other cytokine triggered by inflammasome activity, is important in its own right. In this model, autoinflammation was caused by mutation in the actin regulatory gene WDR1 We report a homozygous missense mutation in WDR1 in two siblings causing periodic fevers with immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. We found impaired actin dynamics in patient immune cells. Patients had high serum levels of IL-18, without a corresponding increase in IL-18-binding protein or IL-1β, and their cells also secreted more IL-18 but not IL-1β in culture. We found increased caspase-1 cleavage within patient monocytes indicative of increased inflammasome activity. We transfected HEK293T cells with pyrin and wild-type and mutated WDR1 Mutant protein formed aggregates that appeared to accumulate pyrin; this could potentially precipitate inflammasome assembly. We have extended the findings from the mouse model to highlight the importance of WDR1 and actin regulation in the activation of the inflammasome, and in human autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane S I Standing
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK .,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU2 8DL, England, UK
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ying Hong
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Julien Record
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Michael P Blundell
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Karolin Nowak
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Hannah Jones
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ebun Omoyinmi
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Alan Medlar
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Horia Stanescu
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Sonia Melo Gomes
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Paul A Brogan
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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22
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Masters SL, Lagou V, Jéru I, Baker PJ, Van Eyck L, Parry DA, Lawless D, De Nardo D, Garcia-Perez JE, Dagley LF, Holley CL, Dooley J, Moghaddas F, Pasciuto E, Jeandel PY, Sciot R, Lyras D, Webb AI, Nicholson SE, De Somer L, van Nieuwenhove E, Ruuth-Praz J, Copin B, Cochet E, Medlej-Hashim M, Megarbane A, Schroder K, Savic S, Goris A, Amselem S, Wouters C, Liston A. Familial autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis reveals a regulatory mechanism of pyrin activation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:332ra45. [PMID: 27030597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrin responds to pathogen signals and loss of cellular homeostasis by forming an inflammasome complex that drives the cleavage and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Mutations in the B30.2/SPRY domain cause pathogen-independent activation of pyrin and are responsible for the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We studied a family with a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease, distinct from FMF, characterized by childhood-onset recurrent episodes of neutrophilic dermatosis, fever, elevated acute-phase reactants, arthralgia, and myalgia/myositis. The disease was caused by a mutation in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin (S242R). The mutation results in the loss of a 14-3-3 binding motif at phosphorylated S242, which was not perturbed by FMF mutations in the B30.2/SPRY domain. However, loss of both S242 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding was observed for bacterial effectors that activate the pyrin inflammasome, such as Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). The S242R mutation thus recapitulated the effect of pathogen sensing, triggering inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. Successful therapy targeting IL-1β has been initiated in one patient, resolving pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis. This disease provides evidence that a guard-like mechanism of pyrin regulation, originally identified for Nod-like receptors in plant innate immunity, also exists in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- INSERM, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lien Van Eyck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - David A Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dylan Lawless
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Saint James's University Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Caroline L Holley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Yves Jeandel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Archet 1, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Erika van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Julia Ruuth-Praz
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cochet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Myrna Medlej-Hashim
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Al-Jawhara Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Saint James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Saint James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - An Goris
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Serge Amselem
- INSERM, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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23
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Standing ASI, Malinova D, Hong Y, Record J, Moulding D, Blundell MP, Nowak K, Jones H, Omoyinmi E, Gilmour KC, Medlar A, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Anderson G, Nanthapisal S, Gomes SM, Klein N, Eleftheriou D, Thrasher AJ, Brogan PA. Autoinflammatory periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT) caused by mutation in actin-regulatory gene WDR1. J Exp Med 2016; 214:59-71. [PMID: 27994071 PMCID: PMC5206503 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of actin dynamics in the activation of the inflammasome is becoming increasingly apparent. IL-1β, which is activated by the inflammasome, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. However, evidence from an autoinflammatory murine model indicates that IL-18, the other cytokine triggered by inflammasome activity, is important in its own right. In this model, autoinflammation was caused by mutation in the actin regulatory gene WDR1 We report a homozygous missense mutation in WDR1 in two siblings causing periodic fevers with immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. We found impaired actin dynamics in patient immune cells. Patients had high serum levels of IL-18, without a corresponding increase in IL-18-binding protein or IL-1β, and their cells also secreted more IL-18 but not IL-1β in culture. We found increased caspase-1 cleavage within patient monocytes indicative of increased inflammasome activity. We transfected HEK293T cells with pyrin and wild-type and mutated WDR1 Mutant protein formed aggregates that appeared to accumulate pyrin; this could potentially precipitate inflammasome assembly. We have extended the findings from the mouse model to highlight the importance of WDR1 and actin regulation in the activation of the inflammasome, and in human autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane S I Standing
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK .,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU2 8DL, England, UK
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ying Hong
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Julien Record
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Michael P Blundell
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Karolin Nowak
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Hannah Jones
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ebun Omoyinmi
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Alan Medlar
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Horia Stanescu
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Sonia Melo Gomes
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Paul A Brogan
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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24
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Ratner D, Orning MPA, Lien E. Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:165-181. [PMID: 27810946 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram-negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, key participants of anti-bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system-mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ratner
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
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25
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The complex cascade of cellular events governing inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing in response to inhaled particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:40. [PMID: 27519871 PMCID: PMC4983011 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against inhaled particles. Macrophages serve important roles in particle clearance and inflammatory reactions. Following recognition and internalization by phagocytes, particles are taken up in vesicular phagolysosomes. Intracellular phagosomal leakage, redox unbalance and ionic movements induced by toxic particles result in pro-IL-1β expression, inflammasome complex engagement, caspase-1 activation, pro-IL-1β cleavage, biologically-active IL-1β release and finally inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize the emerging signals and pathways involved in the expression, maturation and secretion of IL-1β during these responses to particles. We also highlight physicochemical characteristics of particles (size, surface and shape) which determine their capacity to induce inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing.
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26
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Site-specific phosphorylation and microtubule dynamics control Pyrin inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4857-66. [PMID: 27482109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrin, encoded by the MEFV gene, is best known for its gain-of-function mutations causing familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), an autoinflammatory disease. Pyrin forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome in response to inactivating modifications of Rho GTPases by various bacterial toxins or effectors. Pyrin-mediated innate immunity is unique in that it senses bacterial virulence rather than microbial molecules, but its mechanism of activation is unknown. Here we show that Pyrin was phosphorylated in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. We identified Ser-205 and Ser-241 in mouse Pyrin whose phosphorylation resulted in inhibitory binding by cellular 14-3-3 proteins. The two serines underwent dephosphorylation upon toxin stimulation or bacterial infection, triggering 14-3-3 dissociation, which correlated with Pyrin inflammasome activation. We developed antibodies specific for phosphorylated Ser-205 and Ser-241, which confirmed the stimuli-induced dephosphorylation of endogenous Pyrin. Mutational analyses indicated that both phosphorylation and signal-induced dephosphorylation of Ser-205/241 are important for Pyrin activation. Moreover, microtubule drugs, including colchicine, commonly used to treat FMF, effectively blocked activation of the Pyrin inflammasome. These drugs did not affect Pyrin dephosphorylation and 14-3-3 dissociation but inhibited Pyrin-mediated apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) aggregation. Our study reveals that site-specific (de)phosphorylation and microtubule dynamics critically control Pyrin inflammasome activation, illustrating a fine and complex mechanism in cytosolic immunity.
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27
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F-actin dampens NLRP3 inflammasome activity via Flightless-I and LRRFIP2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29834. [PMID: 27431477 PMCID: PMC4949445 DOI: 10.1038/srep29834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 and ASC are able to form a large multimeric complex called inflammasome in response to a number danger signals. The NLRP3 inflammasome is required for the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent maturation of pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β. Although the mechanisms regulating the formation and activity of NLRP3 inflammasome are yet not fully elucidated, data suggest that the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome requires microtubules to induce the proximity of ASC and NLRP3. In this study we show that microfilaments (F-actin) inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activity and interact with NLRP3 and ASC. We demonstrate that the inhibition depends on the actin polymerization state but not on the active polymerization process. In ATP- or nigericin-activated macrophages, our data further indicate that Flightless-I (FliI) and leucine-rich repeat FliI-interaction protein 2 (LRRFIP2) are required for the co-localization of NLRP3, ASC and F-actin. We also established that the ability of Ca2+ to accentuate the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is abrogated in FliI- and LRRFIP2-knockdown macrophages, suggesting that Ca2+ signaling requires the presence of FliI and LRRFIP2. Accordingly, we observed that Ca2+/FliI-dependent severing of F-actin suppresses F-actin/FliI/LRRFIP2-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition leading to increase IL-1β production. Altogether, our results unveil a new function of F-actin in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity strengthening the importance of cytoskeleton in the regulation of inflammation.
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28
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Okada N, Fujii C, Matsumura T, Kitazawa M, Okuyama R, Taniguchi S, Hida S. Novel role of ASC as a regulator of metastatic phenotype. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2487-500. [PMID: 27350283 PMCID: PMC5055161 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction are frequently involved in cancer progression. In particular, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐recruitment domain (ASC) has been reported a proapoptotic molecule that is epigenetically silenced in several human cancers. ASC is a well‐characterized adaptor protein involved in the formation of multiprotein oligomers, called inflammasomes, and plays a crucial role in the activation and secretion of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18 in innate immune cells. However, the function of ASC in the regulation of tumor progression remains elusive. The present investigation examined the involvement of ASC in cancer progression and the acquisition of metastatic ability. To determine the effect of ASC depletion in in vitro and in vivo model systems, ASC was stably knocked down in B16 murine melanoma cell lines using retroviral transduction of shRNA. ASC suppression increased the motility of B16BL6 cells in scratch assays and augmented invasiveness as assessed by a Matrigel‐coated transwell system. Invadopodia formation and Src phosphorylation level were markedly enhanced in ASC‐knockdown cells as well. Since caspase‐8 has been reported to enhance cellular migration by Tyr380 phosphorylation via Src, we examined Tyr380 phosphorylation of caspase‐8 in ASC‐knockdown cells and found it to be elevated in ASC‐knockdown cells but attenuated by z‐VAD‐fmk or z‐IETD‐fmk. Moreover, ASC ablation increased pulmonary metastasis in mice after intravenous injection of B16BL6 cells. Our cumulative findings indicate that ASC suppresses cancer metastasis and progression via the modulation of cytoskeletal remodeling and the Src‐caspase‐8 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Okada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tomio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shun'ichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signalling platforms that control the inflammatory response and coordinate antimicrobial host defences. They are assembled by pattern-recognition receptors following the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and danger signals in the cytosol of host cells, and they activate inflammatory caspases to produce cytokines and to induce pyroptotic cell death. The clinical importance of inflammasomes reaches beyond infectious disease, as dysregulated inflammasome activity is associated with numerous hereditary and acquired inflammatory disorders. In this Review, we discuss the recent developments in inflammasome research with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that govern inflammasome assembly, signalling and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Broz
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo S. Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
| | - Matthew S. Mangan
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; , ,
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn 53175, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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31
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Aubert DF, Xu H, Yang J, Shi X, Gao W, Li L, Bisaro F, Chen S, Valvano MA, Shao F. A Burkholderia Type VI Effector Deamidates Rho GTPases to Activate the Pyrin Inflammasome and Trigger Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:664-74. [PMID: 27133449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen of the cystic fibrosis lung that elicits a strong inflammatory response. B. cenocepacia employs a type VI secretion system (T6SS) to survive in macrophages by disarming Rho-type GTPases, causing actin cytoskeletal defects. Here, we identified TecA, a non-VgrG T6SS effector responsible for actin disruption. TecA and other bacterial homologs bear a cysteine protease-like catalytic triad, which inactivates Rho GTPases by deamidating a conserved asparagine in the GTPase switch-I region. RhoA deamidation induces caspase-1 inflammasome activation, which is mediated by the familial Mediterranean fever disease protein Pyrin. In mouse infection, the deamidase activity of TecA is necessary and sufficient for B. cenocepacia-triggered lung inflammation and also protects mice from lethal B. cenocepacia infection. Therefore, Burkholderia TecA is a T6SS effector that modifies a eukaryotic target through an asparagine deamidase activity, which in turn elicits host cell death and inflammation through activation of the Pyrin inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Aubert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jieling Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuyan Shi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fabiana Bisaro
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C1, Canada; Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK.
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 102206, China.
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32
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Manukyan G, Aminov R. Update on Pyrin Functions and Mechanisms of Familial Mediterranean Fever. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27066000 PMCID: PMC4815028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes the protein named pyrin (also called marenostrin or TRIM20), are associated with the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Recent genetic and immunologic studies uncovered novel functions of pyrin and raised several new questions in relation to FMF pathogenesis. The disease is clinically heterogeneous reflecting the complexity and multiplicity of pyrin functions. The main functions uncovered so far include its involvement in innate immune response such as the inflammasome assemblage and, as a part of the inflammasome, sensing intracellular danger signals, activation of mediators of inflammation, and resolution of inflammation by the autophagy of regulators of innate immunity. Based on these functions, the FMF-associated versions of pyrin confer a heightened sensitivity to a variety of intracellular danger signals and postpone the resolution of innate immune responses. It remains to be demonstrated, however, what kind of selective advantage the heterozygous carriage conferred in the past to be positively selected and maintained in populations from the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Manukyan
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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33
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The cytoskeleton in cell-autonomous immunity: structural determinants of host defence. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:559-73. [PMID: 26292640 DOI: 10.1038/nri3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host cells use antimicrobial proteins, pathogen-restrictive compartmentalization and cell death in their defence against intracellular pathogens. Recent work has revealed that four components of the cytoskeleton--actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments and septins, which are well known for their roles in cell division, shape and movement--have important functions in innate immunity and cellular self-defence. Investigations using cellular and animal models have shown that these cytoskeletal proteins are crucial for sensing bacteria and for mobilizing effector mechanisms to eliminate them. In this Review, we highlight the emerging roles of the cytoskeleton as a structural determinant of cell-autonomous host defence.
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34
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Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Purali N, Yilmaz E. Pyrin-PSTPIP1 colocalises at the leading edge during cell migration. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1384-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Z. Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Sihhiye Ankara 06100 Turkey
| | - Banu Balci-Peynircioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Sihhiye Ankara 06100 Turkey
| | - Nuhan Purali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Engin Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Sihhiye Ankara 06100 Turkey
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35
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Palomo J, Dietrich D, Martin P, Palmer G, Gabay C. The interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family--Balance between agonists and antagonists in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2015; 76:25-37. [PMID: 26185894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or putative antagonists (IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL-38) exerting anti-inflammatory activities. Except for IL-1Ra, IL-1 cytokines do not possess a leader sequence and are secreted via an unconventional pathway. In addition, IL-1β and IL-18 are produced as biologically inert pro-peptides that require cleavage by caspase-1 in their N-terminal region to generate active proteins. N-terminal processing is also required for full activity of IL-36 cytokines. The IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family comprises 10 members and includes cytokine-specific receptors, co-receptors and inhibitory receptors. The signaling IL-1Rs share a common structure with three extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and an intracellular Toll-like/IL-1R (TIR) domain. IL-1 cytokines bind to their specific receptor, which leads to the recruitment of a co-receptor and intracellular signaling. IL-1 cytokines induce potent inflammatory responses and their activity is tightly controlled at the level of production, protein processing and maturation, receptor binding and post-receptor signaling by naturally occurring inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors are IL-1 family antagonists, while others are IL-1R family members acting as membrane-bound or soluble decoy receptors. An imbalance between agonist and antagonist levels can lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Several genetic modifications or mutations associated with dysregulated IL-1 activity and autoinflammatory disorders were identified in mouse models and in patients. These findings paved the road to the successful use of IL-1 inhibitors in diseases that were previously considered as untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Palomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Damien Dietrich
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland.
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Kim ML, Chae JJ, Park YH, De Nardo D, Stirzaker RA, Ko HJ, Tye H, Cengia L, DiRago L, Metcalf D, Roberts AW, Kastner DL, Lew AM, Lyras D, Kile BT, Croker BA, Masters SL. Aberrant actin depolymerization triggers the pyrin inflammasome and autoinflammatory disease that is dependent on IL-18, not IL-1β. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26008898 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142384)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations that activate the innate immune system can cause systemic autoinflammatory diseases associated with increased IL-1β production. This cytokine is activated identically to IL-18 by an intracellular protein complex known as the inflammasome; however, IL-18 has not yet been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders. We have now identified an autoinflammatory disease in mice driven by IL-18, but not IL-1β, resulting from an inactivating mutation of the actin-depolymerizing cofactor Wdr1. This perturbation of actin polymerization leads to systemic autoinflammation that is reduced when IL-18 is deleted but not when IL-1 signaling is removed. Remarkably, inflammasome activation in mature macrophages is unaltered, but IL-18 production from monocytes is greatly exaggerated, and depletion of monocytes in vivo prevents the disease. Small-molecule inhibition of actin polymerization can remove potential danger signals from the system and prevents monocyte IL-18 production. Finally, we show that the inflammasome sensor of actin dynamics in this system requires caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and the innate immune receptor pyrin. Previously, perturbation of actin polymerization by pathogens was shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome, so our data now extend this guard hypothesis to host-regulated actin-dependent processes and autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lyang Kim
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Roslynn A Stirzaker
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hyun-Ja Ko
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hazel Tye
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Louise Cengia
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Seth L Masters
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Kim ML, Chae JJ, Park YH, De Nardo D, Stirzaker RA, Ko HJ, Tye H, Cengia L, DiRago L, Metcalf D, Roberts AW, Kastner DL, Lew AM, Lyras D, Kile BT, Croker BA, Masters SL. Aberrant actin depolymerization triggers the pyrin inflammasome and autoinflammatory disease that is dependent on IL-18, not IL-1β. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:927-38. [PMID: 26008898 PMCID: PMC4451132 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kim et al. identify an autoinflammatory disease in mice that is driven by IL-18, resulting from an inactivating mutation in the actin-depolymerizing cofactor Wdr1. This alteration in actin dynamics is recognized by the pyrin inflammasome and results in exaggerated monocyte IL-18 production, whereas inflammasome activation in mature macrophages is unaltered. Gain-of-function mutations that activate the innate immune system can cause systemic autoinflammatory diseases associated with increased IL-1β production. This cytokine is activated identically to IL-18 by an intracellular protein complex known as the inflammasome; however, IL-18 has not yet been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders. We have now identified an autoinflammatory disease in mice driven by IL-18, but not IL-1β, resulting from an inactivating mutation of the actin-depolymerizing cofactor Wdr1. This perturbation of actin polymerization leads to systemic autoinflammation that is reduced when IL-18 is deleted but not when IL-1 signaling is removed. Remarkably, inflammasome activation in mature macrophages is unaltered, but IL-18 production from monocytes is greatly exaggerated, and depletion of monocytes in vivo prevents the disease. Small-molecule inhibition of actin polymerization can remove potential danger signals from the system and prevents monocyte IL-18 production. Finally, we show that the inflammasome sensor of actin dynamics in this system requires caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and the innate immune receptor pyrin. Previously, perturbation of actin polymerization by pathogens was shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome, so our data now extend this guard hypothesis to host-regulated actin-dependent processes and autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lyang Kim
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Roslynn A Stirzaker
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hyun-Ja Ko
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hazel Tye
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Louise Cengia
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Seth L Masters
- Division of Inflammation, Division of Cancer and Hematology, Division of Immunology, and ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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de Jesus AA, Canna SW, Liu Y, Goldbach-Mansky R. Molecular mechanisms in genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases: disorders of amplified danger signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:823-74. [PMID: 25706096 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with autoinflammatory diseases present with noninfectious fever flares and systemic and/or disease-specific organ inflammation. Their excessive proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses can be life threatening and lead to organ damage over time. Studying such patients has revealed genetic defects that have helped unravel key innate immune pathways, including excessive IL-1 signaling, constitutive NF-κB activation, and, more recently, chronic type I IFN signaling. Discoveries of monogenic defects that lead to activation of proinflammatory cytokines have inspired the use of anticytokine-directed treatment approaches that have been life changing for many patients and have led to the approval of IL-1-blocking agents for a number of autoinflammatory conditions. In this review, we describe the genetically characterized autoinflammatory diseases, we summarize our understanding of the molecular pathways that drive clinical phenotypes and that continue to inspire the search for novel treatment targets, and we provide a conceptual framework for classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Almeida de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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39
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Sucharski F, Noga MJ, Suder P, Kotlińska J, Silberring J. Integrated workflow for quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the selected brain structures in development of morphine dependence. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Broderick L, De Nardo D, Franklin BS, Hoffman HM, Latz E. The inflammasomes and autoinflammatory syndromes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2014; 10:395-424. [PMID: 25423351 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, a vital response of the immune system to infection and damage to tissues, can be initiated by various germline-encoded innate immune-signaling receptors. Among these, the inflammasomes are critical for activation of the potent proinflammatory interleukin-1 cytokine family. Additionally, inflammasomes can trigger and maintain inflammatory responses aimed toward excess nutrients and the numerous danger signals that appear in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. We discuss our understanding of how inflammasomes assemble to trigger caspase-1 activation and subsequent cytokine release, describe how genetic mutations in inflammasome-related genes lead to autoinflammatory syndromes, and review the contribution of inflammasome activation to various pathologies arising from metabolic dysfunction. Insights into the mechanisms that govern inflammasome activation will help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies, not only for managing genetic diseases associated with overactive inflammasomes, but also for treating common metabolic diseases for which effective therapies are currently lacking.
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41
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Yang J, Xu H, Shao F. The immunological function of familial Mediterranean fever disease protein Pyrin. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:1156-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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42
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Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasome. Nature 2014; 513:237-41. [PMID: 24919149 DOI: 10.1038/nature13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic inflammasome complexes mediated by a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) defend against pathogen infection by activating caspase 1. Pyrin, a candidate PRR, can bind to the inflammasome adaptor ASC to form a caspase 1-activating complex. Mutations in the Pyrin-encoding gene, MEFV, cause a human autoinflammatory disease known as familial Mediterranean fever. Despite important roles in immunity and disease, the physiological function of Pyrin remains unknown. Here we show that Pyrin mediates caspase 1 inflammasome activation in response to Rho-glucosylation activity of cytotoxin TcdB, a major virulence factor of Clostridium difficile, which causes most cases of nosocomial diarrhoea. The glucosyltransferase-inactive TcdB mutant loses the inflammasome-stimulating activity. Other Rho-inactivating toxins, including FIC-domain adenylyltransferases (Vibrio parahaemolyticus VopS and Histophilus somni IbpA) and Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosylating C3 toxin, can also biochemically activate the Pyrin inflammasome in their enzymatic activity-dependent manner. These toxins all target the Rho subfamily and modify a switch-I residue. We further demonstrate that Burkholderia cenocepacia inactivates RHOA by deamidating Asn 41, also in the switch-I region, and thereby triggers Pyrin inflammasome activation, both of which require the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS). Loss of the Pyrin inflammasome causes elevated intra-macrophage growth of B. cenocepacia and diminished lung inflammation in mice. Thus, Pyrin functions to sense pathogen modification and inactivation of Rho GTPases, representing a new paradigm in mammalian innate immunity.
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43
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Croker BA, O'Donnell JA, Gerlic M. Pyroptotic death storms and cytopenia. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 26:128-37. [PMID: 24556409 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For over two decades, we have embraced the cytokine storm theory to explain sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. The failure of numerous large-scale clinical trials, which aimed to treat sepsis by neutralizing inflammatory cytokines and LPS, indicates that alternative pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to account for sepsis and the associated immune suppression in patients with severe infection. Recent insights that extricate pyroptotic death from inflammatory cytokine production in vivo have highlighted a need to investigate the consequences of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death in contributing to cytopenia and immune suppression. In this review, we will focus on the biochemical and cellular mechanisms controlling pyroptosis, a Caspase-1/11 dependent form of cell death during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Motti Gerlic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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The actin-polymerizing activity of SipA is not essential for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced mucosal inflammation. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1541-9. [PMID: 23439302 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00337-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium depends on type III secretion systems to inject effector proteins into host cells to promote bacterial invasion and to induce intestinal inflammation. SipA, a type III effector, is known to play important roles in both the invasion and the elicitation of intestinal inflammation. The actin-modulating activity of SipA has been shown to promote Salmonella entry into epithelial cells. To investigate whether the actin-modulating activity of SipA is required for its ability to induce an inflammatory response in vivo, we generated the SipA(K635A E637W) mutant, which is deficient in actin-modulating activity. Salmonella strains expressing the chromosomal SipA(K635A E637W) point mutation had reduced invasion abilities but still caused colitis similar to that caused by the wild-type strain in a mouse model of infection. Our data indicate that the SipA actin-polymerizing activity is not essential for the SipA-induced inflammatory response in the mouse model of infection.
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Taskiran EZ, Cetinkaya A, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Akkaya YZ, Yilmaz E. The effect of colchicine on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3536-46. [PMID: 22730186 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MEFV which encodes pyrin, cause familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common auto-inflammatory disease. Pyrin is believed to be a regulator of inflammation, though the nature of this regulatory activity remains to be identified. Prophylactic treatment with colchicine, a microtubule toxin, has had a remarkable effect on disease progression and outcome. It has been thought that, inhibition of microtubule polymerization is the main mechanism of action of colchicine. But, the exact cellular mechanism explaining the efficacy of colchicine in suppressing FMF attacks is still unclear. Given the ability of colchicine treatment to be considered as a differential diagnosis criteria of FMF, we hypothesized that colchicine may have a specific effect on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins. This study showed that colchicine prevents reticulated fibrils formed by PSTPIP1 filaments and reduces ASC speck rates in transfected cells. We further noted that, colchicine down-regulates MEFV expression in THP-1 cells. We also observed that colchicine causes re-organization of actin cytoskeleton in THP-1 cells. Pyrin is an actin-binding protein that specifically localizes with polymerizing actin filaments. Thus, MEFV expression might be affected by re-organization of actin cytoskeleton. The data presented here reveal an important connection between colchicine and pyrin which might explain the remarkable efficacy of colchicine in preventing FMF attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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46
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Heymann MC, Rösen-Wolff A. Contribution of the inflammasomes to autoinflammatory diseases and recent mouse models as research tools. Clin Immunol 2013; 147:175-84. [PMID: 23411032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that serve as activating platforms for the enzyme caspase-1 in response to various danger signals. Active caspase-1 can cleave the precursors of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and thereby activate them. Deregulation of this cascade caused by mutations in genes coding for inflammasomal components and their interaction partners can lead to severe disease. This review summarizes the contribution of deregulated inflammasomes to the field of autoinflammatory syndromes. In addition, it gives insight into currently available mouse models that are used to study and characterize the role of the inflammasome components in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Heymann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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47
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Hesker PR, Nguyen M, Kovarova M, Ting JPY, Koller BH. Genetic loss of murine pyrin, the Familial Mediterranean Fever protein, increases interleukin-1β levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51105. [PMID: 23226472 PMCID: PMC3511413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disorder characterized by unprovoked episodes of fever and inflammation. The associated gene, MEFV (Mediterranean Fever), is expressed primarily by cells of myeloid lineage and encodes the protein pyrin/TRIM20/Marenostrin. The mechanism by which mutations in pyrin alter protein function to cause episodic inflammation is controversial. To address this question, we have generated a mouse line lacking the Mefv gene by removing a 21 kb fragment containing the entire Mefv locus. While the development of immune cell populations appears normal in these animals, we show enhanced interleukin (IL) 1β release by Mefv−/− macrophages in response to a spectrum of inflammatory stimuli, including stimuli dependent on IL-1β processing by the NLRP1b, NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Caspase-1 activity, however, did not change under identical conditions. These results are consistent with a model in which pyrin acts to limit the release of IL-1β generated by activation and assembly of inflammasomes in response to subclinical immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Hesker
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jenny P.-Y. Ting
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition induces an ASC-dependent pyroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:384-9. [PMID: 22842458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of cell death in which danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induce mononuclear phagocytes to activate caspase-1 and release mature IL-1β. Because the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG126 can prevent DAMP/PAMP induced activation of caspase-1, we hypothesized that tipping the tyrosine kinase/phosphatase balance toward phosphorylation would promote caspase-1 activation and cell death. THP-1 derived macrophages were therefore treated with the potent specific tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate (OVN) and analyzed for caspase-1 activation and cell death. OVN induced generalized increase in phosphorylated proteins, IL-1β release and cell death in a time and dose dependent pattern. This OVN induced pyroptosis correlated with speck formations that contained the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Culturing the cells in the presence of extracellular K(+) (known to inhibit ATP dependent pyroptosis), a caspase inhibitor (ZVAD) or down regulating the expression of ASC with stable expression of siASC prevented the OVN induced pyroptosis. These data demonstrate that pyroptotic death is linked to tyrosine phosphatase activity providing novel targets for future pharmacologic interventions.
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Akhter A, Caution K, Abu Khweek A, Tazi M, Abdulrahman BA, Abdelaziz DHA, Voss OH, Doseff AI, Hassan H, Azad AK, Schlesinger LS, Wewers MD, Gavrilin MA, Amer AO. Caspase-11 promotes the fusion of phagosomes harboring pathogenic bacteria with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization. Immunity 2012; 37:35-47. [PMID: 22658523 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that include members of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family and caspase-1. Once bacterial molecules are sensed within the macrophage, the inflammasome is assembled, mediating the activation of caspase-1. Caspase-11 mediates caspase-1 activation in response to lipopolysaccharide and bacterial toxins, and yet its role during bacterial infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that caspase-11 was dispensable for caspase-1 activation in response to Legionella, Salmonella, Francisella, and Listeria. We also determined that active mouse caspase-11 was required for restriction of L. pneumophila infection. Similarly, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, homologs of mouse caspase-11, cooperated to restrict L. pneumophila infection in human macrophages. Caspase-11 promoted the fusion of the L. pneumophila vacuole with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization through cofilin. However, caspase-11 was dispensable for the fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes containing nonpathogenic bacteria, uncovering a fundamental difference in the trafficking of phagosomes according to their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwari Akhter
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Gavrilin MA, Abdelaziz DHA, Mostafa M, Abdulrahman BA, Grandhi J, Akhter A, Abu Khweek A, Aubert DF, Valvano MA, Wewers MD, Amer AO. Activation of the pyrin inflammasome by intracellular Burkholderia cenocepacia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3469-77. [PMID: 22368275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic infection and induces progressive respiratory inflammation in cystic fibrosis patients. Recognition of bacteria by mononuclear cells generally results in the activation of caspase-1 and processing of IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine. In this study, we report that human pyrin is required to detect intracellular B. cenocepacia leading to IL-1β processing and release. This inflammatory response involves the host adapter molecule ASC and the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS). Human monocytes and THP-1 cells stably expressing either small interfering RNA against pyrin or YFP-pyrin and ASC (YFP-ASC) were infected with B. cenocepacia and analyzed for inflammasome activation. B. cenocepacia efficiently activates the inflammasome and IL-1β release in monocytes and THP-1. Suppression of pyrin levels in monocytes and THP-1 cells reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release in response to B. cenocepacia challenge. In contrast, overexpression of pyrin or ASC induced a robust IL-1β response to B. cenocepacia, which correlated with enhanced host cell death. Inflammasome activation was significantly reduced in cells infected with T6SS-defective mutants of B. cenocepacia, suggesting that the inflammatory reaction is likely induced by an as yet uncharacterized effector(s) of the T6SS. Together, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that in human mononuclear cells infected with B. cenocepacia, pyrin associates with caspase-1 and ASC forming an inflammasome that upregulates mononuclear cell IL-1β processing and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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