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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Luo B. Ferroptosis, from the virus point of view: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38588443 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2340643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death, which is mainly dependent on the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides mediated by iron. It is distinct from other forms of regulation of cell death in morphology, immunology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Various cell death mechanisms have been observed in many viral infections, and virus-induced cell death has long been considered as a double-edged sword that can inhibit or aggravate viral infections. However, understanding of the role of ferroptosis in various viral infections is limited. Special attention will be paid to the mechanisms of ferroptosis in mediating viral infection and antiviral treatment associated with ferroptosis. In this paper, we outlined the mechanism of ferroptosis. Additionally, this paper also review research on ferroptosis from the perspective of the virus, discussed the research status of ferroptosis in virus infection and classified and summarized research on the interaction between viral infections and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Arnhold J. Inflammation-Associated Cytotoxic Agents in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38201509 PMCID: PMC10778456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes are related to all stages of tumorigenesis. As inflammation is closely associated with the activation and release of different cytotoxic agents, the interplay between cytotoxic agents and antagonizing principles is highlighted in this review to address the question of how tumor cells overcome the enhanced values of cytotoxic agents in tumors. In tumor cells, the enhanced formation of mitochondrial-derived reactive species and elevated values of iron ions and free heme are antagonized by an overexpression of enzymes and proteins, contributing to the antioxidative defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells can even survive additional stress caused by radio- and chemotherapy. Through the secretion of active agents from tumor cells, immune cells are suppressed in the tumor microenvironment and an enhanced formation of extracellular matrix components is induced. Different oxidant- and protease-based cytotoxic agents are involved in tumor-mediated immunosuppression, tumor growth, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. Considering the special metabolic conditions in tumors, the main focus here was directed on the disturbed balance between the cytotoxic agents and protective mechanisms in late-stage tumors. This knowledge is mandatory for the implementation of novel anti-cancerous therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Lin PC, Hsu WY, Lee PY, Hsu SH, Chiou SS. Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12654. [PMID: 37628834 PMCID: PMC10454908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is a heterogeneous congenital hemoglobinopathy common in the Mediterranean region, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia with increasing incidence in Northern Europe and North America due to immigration. Iron overloading is one of the major long-term complications in patients with thalassemia and can lead to organ damage and carcinogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). The incidence of HCC in patients with thalassemia has increased over time, as better chelation therapy confers a sufficiently long lifespan for the development of HCC. The mechanisms of iron-overloading-associated HCC development include the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation cytokines, dysregulated hepcidin, and ferroportin metabolism. The treatment of HCC in patients with thalassemia was basically similar to those in general population. However, due to the younger age of HCC onset in thalassemia, regular surveillance for HCC development is mandatory in TDT and NTDT. Other supplemental therapies and experiences of novel treatments for HCC in the thalassemia population were also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Lin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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4
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Formica V, Riondino S, Morelli C, Guerriero S, D'Amore F, Di Grazia A, Del Vecchio Blanco G, Sica G, Arkenau HT, Monteleone G, Roselli M. HIF2α, Hepcidin and their crosstalk as tumour-promoting signalling. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:222-236. [PMID: 37081189 PMCID: PMC10338631 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all aspects of the disruption of iron homeostasis in cancer have been fully elucidated. Iron accumulation in cancer cells is frequent for many solid tumours, and this is often accompanied by the contemporary rise of two key iron regulators, HIF2α and Hepcidin. This scenario is different from what happens under physiological conditions, where Hepcidin parallels systemic iron concentrations while HIF2α levels are inversely associated to Hepcidin. The present review highlights the increasing body of evidence for the pro-tumoral effect of HIF2α and Hepcidin, discusses the possible imbalance in HIF2α, Hepcidin and iron homeostasis during cancer, and explores therapeutic options relying on these pathways as anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Riondino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Morelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Guerriero
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Grazia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sica
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Roselli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
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5
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Gao D, Liu R, Lv Y, Feng Y, Hong F, Xu X, Hu J, He A, Yang Y. A novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:999688. [PMID: 36845727 PMCID: PMC9950937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.999688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly malignant hematological tumor with a poor overall survival (OS). Due to the high heterogeneity of MM, it is necessary to explore novel markers for the prognosis prediction for MM patients. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, playing a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the predictive role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in MM prognosis remains unknown. Methods This study collected 107 FRGs previously reported and utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model to construct a multi-genes risk signature model upon FRGs. The ESTIMATE algorithm and immune-related single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were carried out to evaluate immune infiltration level. Drug sensitivity was assessed based on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database (GDSC). Then the synergy effect was determined with Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and SynergyFinder software. Results A 6-gene prognostic risk signature model was constructed, and MM patients were divided into high and low risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients in the high risk group had significantly reduced OS compared with patients in the low risk group. Besides, the risk score was an independent predictor for OS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive capacity of the risk signature. Combination of risk score and ISS stage had better prediction performance. Enrichment analysis revealed immune response, MYC, mTOR, proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation were enriched in high risk MM patients. We found high risk MM patients had lower immune scores and immune infiltration levels. Moreover, further analysis found that MM patients in high risk group were sensitive to bortezomib and lenalidomide. At last, the results of the in vitro experiment showed that ferroptosis inducers (RSL3 and ML162) may synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of bortezomib and lenalidomide against MM cell line RPMI-8226. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into roles of ferroptosis in MM prognosis prediction, immune levels and drug sensitivity, which complements and improves current grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Aili He, ; Yun Yang,
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Aili He, ; Yun Yang,
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6
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Greene CJ, Attwood K, Sharma NJ, Balderman B, Deng R, Muhitch JB, Smith GJ, Gross KW, Xu B, Kauffman EC. Iron accumulation typifies renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis but abates with pathological progression, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, and metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:923043. [PMID: 35992801 PMCID: PMC9389085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a potent catalyst of oxidative stress and cellular proliferation implicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumorigenesis, yet it also drives ferroptosis that suppresses cancer progression and represents a novel therapeutic target for advanced RCC. The von Hippel Lindau (VHL)/hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) axis is a major regulator of cellular iron, and its inactivation underlying most clear cell (cc) RCC tumors introduces both iron dependency and ferroptosis susceptibility. Despite the central role for iron in VHL/HIF-α signaling and ferroptosis, RCC iron levels and their dynamics during RCC initiation/progression are poorly defined. Here, we conducted a large-scale investigation into the incidence and prognostic significance of total tissue iron in ccRCC and non-ccRCC patient primary tumor cancer cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), metastases and non-neoplastic kidneys. Prussian Blue staining was performed to detect non-heme iron accumulation in over 1600 needle-core sections across multiple tissue microarrays. We found that RCC had significantly higher iron staining scores compared with other solid cancers and, on average, >40 times higher than adjacent renal epithelium. RCC cell iron levels correlated positively with TME iron levels and inversely with RCC levels of the main iron uptake protein, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/TFRC/CD71). Intriguingly, RCC iron levels, including in the TME, decreased significantly with pathologic (size/stage/grade) progression, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, and metastasis, particularly among patients with ccRCC, despite increasing TfR1 levels, consistent with an increasingly iron-deficient tumor state. Opposite to tumor iron changes, adjacent renal epithelial iron increased significantly with RCC/ccRCC progression, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, and metastasis. Lower tumor iron and higher renal epithelial iron each predicted significantly shorter ccRCC patient metastasis-free survival. In conclusion, iron accumulation typifies RCC tumors but declines toward a relative iron-deficient tumor state during progression to metastasis, despite precisely opposite dynamics in adjacent renal epithelium. These findings raise questions regarding the historically presumed selective advantage for high iron during all phases of cancer evolution, suggesting instead distinct tissue-specific roles during RCC carcinogenesis and early tumorigenesis versus later progression. Future study is warranted to determine how the relative iron deficiency of advanced RCC contributes to ferroptosis resistance and/or introduces a heightened susceptibility to iron deprivation that might be therapeutically exploitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Greene
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nitika J. Sharma
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin Balderman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rongia Deng
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jason B. Muhitch
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric C. Kauffman,
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7
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Wang D, Wu H, Yang J, Li M, Ling C, Gao Z, Lu H, Shen H, Tang Y. Loss of SLC46A1 decreases tumor iron content in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2914-2924. [PMID: 35811443 PMCID: PMC9512484 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is interesting that high iron is an independent inducer or cofactor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while the amount of iron is decreased in the liver tumor tissues. Due to the previous findings that iron deficiency promoted HCC metastasis, it is of significance to identify the underlying mechanism of iron deficiency in HCC. The tumor iron content and expressions of iron‐metabolic molecules were observed in the primary liver cancers of rats and mice. The molecules that changed independently of iron were identified by comparing the expression profiles in the human HCC tissues and iron‐deprived HCC cells. The downstream effects of these molecules on regulating intracellular iron content were investigated in vitro and further validated in vivo. Both in primary liver cancers of rats and mice, we confirmed the decreased iron content in tumor tissues and the altered expressions of iron‐metabolic molecules, including transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (STEAP3), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), SLC46A1, ferroportin, hepcidin, and ferritin. Among these, STEAP3, DMT1, and SLC46A1 were altered free of iron deficiency. However, only silence or overexpression of SLC46A1 controlled the intracellular iron content of HCC cells. The interventions of STEAP3 or DMT1 could not change the intracellular iron content. Lentivirus‐mediated regain of SLC46A1 expression restored the iron content in orthotopically implanted tumors, with correspondingly changes in the iron‐metabolic molecules as iron increasing. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of SLC46A1 expression leads to iron deficiency in liver tumor tissues, which would be an effective target to manage iron homeostasis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelong Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hepcidin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:185-192. [PMID: 35264787 PMCID: PMC9296449 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common reasons for cancer-related deaths. Excess iron increases HCC risk. Inevitably, hepcidin, the iron hormone that maintains systemic iron homoeostasis is involved in HCC pathology. Distinct from other cancers that show high hepcidin expression, HCC patients can show low hepcidin levels. Thus, it is of immense clinical benefit to address the regulation and action of hepcidin in HCC as this may help in identifying molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. Accordingly, this review explores hepcidin in HCC. It presents the levels of tissue and serum hepcidin and explains the mechanisms that contribute to hepcidin reduction in HCC. These include downregulation of HAMP, TfR2, HJV, ALK2 and circular RNA circ_0004913, upregulation of matriptase-2 and GDF15, inactivation of RUNX3 and mutation in TP53. The enigmas around mir-122 and the functionalities of two major hepcidin inducers BMP6 and IL6 in relation to hepcidin in HCC are discussed. Effects of hepcidin downregulation are explained, specifically, increased cancer proliferation via activation of CDK1/STAT3 pathway and increased HCC risk due to reduction in a hepcidin-mediated protective effect against hepatic stellate cell activation. Hepcidin–ferroportin axis in HCC is addressed. Finally, the role of hepcidin in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of HCC is highlighted.
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9
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Liu Z, Wang M, Zhang C, Zhou S, Ji G. Molecular Functions of Ceruloplasmin in Metabolic Disease Pathology. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:695-711. [PMID: 35264864 PMCID: PMC8901420 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multicopper oxidase and antioxidant that is mainly produced in the liver. CP not only plays a crucial role in the metabolic balance of copper and iron through its oxidase function but also exhibits antioxidant activity. In addition, CP is an acute-phase protein. In addition to being associated with aceruloplasminemia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, CP also plays an important role in metabolic diseases, which are caused by metabolic disorders and vigorous metabolism, mainly including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, etc. Based on the physiological functions of CP, we provide an overview of the association of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, CP oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism of copper and iron. Studies have shown that metabolic diseases are closely related to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of copper and iron metabolism. Therefore, we conclude that CP, which can reduce the formation of free radicals in tissues, can be induced during inflammation and infection, and can correct the metabolic disorder of copper and iron, has protective and diagnostic effects on metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shigao Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guang Ji, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18156416071, Fax +86 21-64385700, Email
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10
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Chen F, Han B, Meng Y, Han Y, Liu B, Zhang B, Chang Y, Cao P, Fan Y, Tan K. Ceruloplasmin correlates with immune infiltration and serves as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20438-20467. [PMID: 34413268 PMCID: PMC8436892 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast-invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is the most frequent and malignant tumor in females. Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multifunctional molecule involved in iron metabolism, but its expression profile, prognostic potential and relationship with immune cell infiltration in BRCA are unknown. Ceruloplasmin mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in BRCA patients according to the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA and TCGA databases. Ceruloplasmin expression was strongly correlated with various clinicopathological features of BRCA patients. BRCA patients with high ceruloplasmin expression exhibited shorter survival times than those with low ceruloplasmin expression based on the Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan databases. GO and KEGG analyses and GSEA revealed a strong correlation between ceruloplasmin and various immune-related pathways. Ceruloplasmin expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of immune cells into tumor sites by analyzing the TIMER and CIBERSORT. Additionally, ceruloplasmin was positively correlated with immune checkpoints in BRCA. These findings suggest that low ceruloplasmin expression correlates with a favorable prognosis and tumor immune cell infiltration in BRCA patients. Ceruloplasmin may serve as a therapeutic target and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bihui Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yanxiu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
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11
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One-step synthesis of hydrophilic microspheres for highly selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1130:91-99. [PMID: 32892942 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A polyacrylamide-based hydrophilic microsphere with a lot of hydroxyl groups on surface (PAM-OH HMS) was prepared in one step. The synthetic process was simple reverse suspension polymerization without any chemical derivation or grafting steps. The properties of obtained HMS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), static water contact angle measurement, and FT-IR. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface make the material highly good hydrophilic and thus it was utilized for N-glycopeptides enrichment. The enrichment efficiency of PAM-OH HMSs was demonstrated by capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digest of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). The detection sensitivity for N-glycopeptides identification by MALDI-TOF MS was as low as 10 fmol for tryptic digest of standard human IgG. The selectivity of the HMS towards N-glycopeptides had almost no decrease when the molar ratio of BSA tryptic digest to IgG tryptic digest was increased from 10:1 to 100:1. Moreover, in the LC-MS/MS analysis of real biological sample, a total of 344 unique N-glycosites in 598 unique N-glycopeptides from 172 N-glycoproteins were identified from 2 μL human serum after deglycosylated by PNGase F, and 825 intact N-glycopeptides with different types of glycoform were detected when directly analyzed the N-glycopeptides enriched by PAM-OH HMS. To show the potential of our material in solving real biological issues, N-glycopeptides in the serum from hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) patient and health control were enriched and quantified. All the experiments demonstrated that this polyacrylamide-based hydrophilic microsphere shows a great potential to enrich the low-abundance N-glycopeptides for glycoproteome analysis of real complicated biological samples.
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12
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Low DMT1 Expression Associates With Increased Oxidative Phosphorylation and Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2019; 234:343-352. [PMID: 30527495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a high rate of recurrences, long-term survival can be achieved after the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with effective local treatment. Discovery of adverse prognostic variables to identify patients with high risk of recurrence could improve the management of HCC. Accumulating evidence showing a link between carcinogenesis and increased expression of iron import proteins and intracellular iron prompted us to investigate a role of divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) that binds and regulates a variety of divalent metals in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and gene expression data from RNA seq in 369 HCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Disease-free survival was compared between DMT1 high- and low-expressing tumors, and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted. RESULTS Patients with lower expression of DMT1 exhibited significantly worse disease-free survival compared with the DMT1 high group (P = 0.044), notably in advanced-stage patients (P = 0.008). DMT1 expression did not differ in etiologies, stages, and differentiation status of HCC. Interestingly, DMT1 expression levels inversely associated with cellular respiratory function in HCC. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that metabolism-related gene sets such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species pathway were significantly enriched in the DMT1 low-expressing HCC. CONCLUSIONS Low DMT1 expression associates with increased oxidative phosphorylation as well as glycolysis and identifies early recurrence in HCC patients after surgical treatment.
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13
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Shoja Z, Chenari M, Jafarpour A, Jalilvand S. Role of iron in cancer development by viruses. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2045. [PMID: 30994254 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of iron in body are attributed to higher cancer risk. Given the fact that 16% of all human cancers are caused by viral infections, iron is suggested to play an important role in carcinogenesis particularly those induced by viral infections. The present study provides an updated summary of the literature and the plausible mechanisms of iron involvement in cancer development by viruses. Our understanding about the interplay between viral infections and iron in different settings particularly cancer development is yet to be improved as it may shed a new light in development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Chenari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Merlot AM, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Jansson PJ, Sahni S, Huang MLH, Lane DJ, Lok H, Richardson DR. Exploiting Cancer Metal Metabolism using Anti-Cancer Metal- Binding Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:302-322. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170705120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metals are vital cellular elements necessary for multiple indispensable biological processes of living organisms, including energy transduction and cell proliferation. Interestingly, alterations in metal levels and also changes in the expression of proteins involved in metal metabolism have been demonstrated in a variety of cancers. Considering this and the important role of metals for cell growth, the development of drugs that sequester metals has become an attractive target for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Interest in this field has surged with the design and development of new generations of chelators of the thiosemicarbazone class. These ligands have shown potent anticancer and anti-metastatic activity in vitro and in vivo. Due to their efficacy and safe toxicological assessment, some of these agents have recently entered multi-center clinical trials as therapeutics for advanced and resistant tumors. This review highlights the role and changes in homeostasis of metals in cancer and emphasizes the pre-clinical development and clinical assessment of metal ion-binding agents, namely, thiosemicarbazones, as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M. Merlot
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L.-H. Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J.R. Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hiu Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, The University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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15
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Publisher's Note. J Surg Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Differential regulation of hepcidin in cancer and non-cancer tissues and its clinical implications. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e436. [PMID: 29391539 PMCID: PMC5903825 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a crucial peptide for regulating cellular iron efflux. Because iron is essential for cell survival, especially for highly active cells, such as tumor cells, it is imperative to understand how tumor cells manipulate hepcidin expression for their own metabolic needs. Studies suggest that hepcidin expression and regulation in tumor cells show important differences in comparison with those in non-tumorous cells. These differences should be investigated to develop new strategies to fight cancer cells. Manipulating hepcidin expression to starve cancer cells for iron may prove to be a new therapy in the anticancer arsenal.
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17
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Udali S, Castagna A, Corbella M, Ruzzenente A, Moruzzi S, Mazzi F, Campagnaro T, De Santis D, Franceschi A, Pattini P, Gottardo R, Olivieri O, Perbellini L, Guglielmi A, Choi SW, Girelli D, Friso S. Hepcidin and DNA promoter methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12870. [PMID: 29235098 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver hormone hepcidin regulates iron homoeostasis that is often altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic phenomena control gene expression through a dynamic fashion; therefore, considering the plasticity of both iron homoeostasis and epigenetic mechanisms and their role in liver carcinogenesis, we investigated whether hepcidin gene (HAMP) expression is modulated by DNA methylation, thus affecting iron status in human HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients affected by nonviral HCC were enrolled, and their main clinical and biochemical characteristics were obtained. Neoplastic and homologous non-neoplastic liver tissues were analysed for HAMP promoter DNA methylation, for HAMP gene expression and for iron content. An in vitro demethylation assay with a human hepatocarcinoma cell line was performed to evaluate the role of DNA methylation on HAMP transcriptional repression. RESULTS Gene expression and DNA methylation analyses on tissues showed that HAMP was transcriptionally repressed in HCC tissues consensually with a promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, patients with HCC had low serum hepcidin concentrations, and HCC tissues had relative iron depletion as compared to non-neoplastic liver tissues. The cell culture model showed the functional role of DNA hypermethylation by downregulating HAMP gene expression. Through a quantitative methylation analysis on HCC tissues, we then proved that methylation at definite CpG sites within consensus sequences for specific transcription factors is possibly the mechanism underlying HAMP repression. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a novel role for HAMP downregulation through DNA promoter hypermethylation and emphasises the significance of epigenetics in the regulation of iron metabolism in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Udali
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Corbella
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Moruzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Mazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Campagnaro
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenica De Santis
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonia Franceschi
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pattini
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Rossella Gottardo
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Perbellini
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guglielmi
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Tufts University School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA.,Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
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18
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Zhao K, Wu C, Yao Y, Cao L, Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Pei R, Chen J, Hu X, Zhou Y, Lu M, Chen X. Ceruloplasmin inhibits the production of extracellular hepatitis B virions by targeting its middle surface protein. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1410-1421. [PMID: 28678687 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is mainly synthesized by hepatocytes and plays an essential role in iron metabolism. Previous reports have shown that CP levels correlate negatively with disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the function of CP in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and the mechanism underlying the above correlation remain unclear. Here, we report that CP can selectively inhibit the production of extracellular HBV virions without altering intracellular viral replication. HBV expression can also downregulate the expression of CP. Knockdown of CP using small interfering RNA significantly increased the level of extracellular HBV virions in both Huh7 and HepG2.2.15 cells, while overexpression of CP decreased this level. Mechanistically, CP could specifically interact with the HBV middle surface protein (MHB). Using an HBV replication-competent clone unable to express MHBs, we demonstrated that the overexpression of CP did not affect the production of extracellular HBV virions in the absence of MHBs. Furthermore, introduction of an MHB expression construct could rescue the impairment in virion production caused by CP. Taken together, our results suggest that CP may be an important host factor that targets MHBs during the envelopment and/or release of virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongxuan Yao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jizheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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19
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Liu T, Shang S, Li W, Qin X, Sun L, Zhang S, Liu Y. Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:472. [PMID: 28736531 PMCID: PMC5500640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shuxin Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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20
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Rychtarcikova Z, Lettlova S, Tomkova V, Korenkova V, Langerova L, Simonova E, Zjablovskaja P, Alberich-Jorda M, Neuzil J, Truksa J. Tumor-initiating cells of breast and prostate origin show alterations in the expression of genes related to iron metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6376-6398. [PMID: 28031527 PMCID: PMC5351639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of iron in the growth and progression of tumors has been widely documented. In this report, we show that tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represented by spheres derived from the MCF7 cell line, exhibit higher intracellular labile iron pool, mitochondrial iron accumulation and are more susceptible to iron chelation. TICs also show activation of the IRP/IRE system, leading to higher iron uptake and decrease in iron storage, suggesting that level of properly assembled cytosolic iron-sulfur clusters (FeS) is reduced. This finding is confirmed by lower enzymatic activity of aconitase and FeS cluster biogenesis enzymes, as well as lower levels of reduced glutathione, implying reduced FeS clusters synthesis/utilization in TICs. Importantly, we have identified specific gene signature related to iron metabolism consisting of genes regulating iron uptake, mitochondrial FeS cluster biogenesis and hypoxic response (ABCB10, ACO1, CYBRD1, EPAS1, GLRX5, HEPH, HFE, IREB2, QSOX1 and TFRC). Principal component analysis based on this signature is able to distinguish TICs from cancer cells in vitro and also Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) from non-LICs in the mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Majority of the described changes were also recapitulated in an alternative model represented by MCF7 cells resistant to tamoxifen (TAMR) that exhibit features of TICs. Our findings point to the critical importance of redox balance and iron metabolism-related genes and proteins in the context of cancer and TICs that could be potentially used for cancer diagnostics or therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Transport
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- MCF-7 Cells
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phenotype
- Principal Component Analysis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rychtarcikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Korenkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Langerova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Simonova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Polina Zjablovskaja
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Pang Y, Qin G, Wu L, Wang X, Chen T. Artesunate induces ROS-dependent apoptosis via a Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Redox cycling metals: Pedaling their roles in metabolism and their use in the development of novel therapeutics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:727-48. [PMID: 26844773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential metals, such as iron and copper, play a critical role in a plethora of cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation. However, concomitantly, excess of these metal ions in the body can have deleterious effects due to their ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the human body has evolved a very well-orchestrated metabolic system that keeps tight control on the levels of these metal ions. Considering their very high proliferation rate, cancer cells require a high abundance of these metals compared to their normal counterparts. Interestingly, new anti-cancer agents that take advantage of the sensitivity of cancer cells to metal sequestration and their susceptibility to ROS have been developed. These ligands can avidly bind metal ions to form redox active metal complexes, which lead to generation of cytotoxic ROS. Furthermore, these agents also act as potent metastasis suppressors due to their ability to up-regulate the metastasis suppressor gene, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1. This review discusses the importance of iron and copper in the metabolism and progression of cancer, how they can be exploited to target tumors and the clinical translation of novel anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.
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23
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Imaging Requirements for Utilization of T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: Effect of Hepatic Iron Content. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:468-72. [PMID: 26182222 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of the level of inherent hepatic iron deposition on the ability of multiecho T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*WI) to identify hepatocellular carcinoma. This is relevant to the ancillary features described in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System reporting system. METHODS This retrospective review identified liver transplant patients with a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T including gradient-recalled echo T2*WI (echo time, 9.5, 19.3, 29.0 milliseconds). A blinded, randomized reading was performed by a single reader of each of the images at each echo time. Hepatic iron content (HIC) was calculated for each participant and compared with the results of the blinded read. RESULTS Ninety-eight HCCs were identified on explant pathology in 73 participants. Of these, 57 HCCs (58%) were identified on T2*WI. However, no HCCs were visible in participants with HIC < 1.0 mg/g. For participants with HIC > 1.0 mg/g, 57 (88%) of 65 HCCs were visible. CONCLUSIONS Most of HCCs can be identified on T2*WI without gadolinium; however, performance is significantly affected by background HIC.
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24
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Fischer-Fodor E, Miklasova N, Berindan-Neagoe I, Saha B. Iron, inflammation and invasion of cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:272-7. [PMID: 26609256 PMCID: PMC4632882 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the metastasis of tumor cells evolving from a benign tumor to disseminating cancer. Such a metastatic progression is fostered by the angiogenesis propelled by various mediators interacting at the site of tumor growth. Angiogenesis causes two major changes that are assisted by altered glycosylation and neo-antigen presentation by the cancer cells. The angiogenesis-promoted pathological changes include enhanced inflammation and degradation of tissue matrices releasing tumor cells from the site of its origin. The degraded tumor cells release the neo-antigens resulting from altered glycosylation. Presentation of neo-antigens to T cells escalates metastasis and inflammation. Inflammasome activation and inflammation in several infections are regulated by iron. Based on the discrete reports, we propose a link between iron, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Knowing the link better may help us formulate a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Research Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Department of Pathogenesis and Cellular Response, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Wang J, Yin D, Xie C, Zheng T, Liang Y, Hong X, Lu Z, Song X, Song R, Yang H, Sun B, Bhatta N, Meng X, Pan S, Jiang H, Liu L. The iron chelator Dp44mT inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2)/gp130/STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8478-91. [PMID: 25261367 PMCID: PMC4226698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with high metastatic potential had low levels of NDRG2. The iron chelator Dp44mT up-regulated NDRG2, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited tumor metastasis in HCC having high metastatic potential. Also Dp44mT attenuated the TGF-β1-induced EMT in HCC having low metastatic potential. In agreement, silencing endogenous NDRG2 with shNDRG2 in HCC cells attenuated the effect of Dp44mT. We showed that the NDRG2/gp130/STAT3 pathway can mediate Dp44mT effects. In agreement, we found that a combination of NDRG2 expression and p-STAT3 levels is a strong predictor of prognosis in HCC patients. We suggest that up-regulation of NDRG2 by Dp44mT is a promising therapeutic approach in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Changming Xie
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nishant Bhatta
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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26
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Zhang C, Zhang F. Iron homeostasis and tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Protein Cell 2014; 6:88-100. [PMID: 25476483 PMCID: PMC4312762 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess iron is tightly associated with tumorigenesis in multiple human cancer types through a variety of mechanisms including catalyzing the formation of mutagenic hydroxyl radicals, regulating DNA replication, repair and cell cycle progression, affecting signal transduction in cancer cells, and acting as an essential nutrient for proliferating tumor cells. Thus, multiple therapeutic strategies based on iron deprivation have been developed in cancer therapy. During the past few years, our understanding of genetic association and molecular mechanisms between iron and tumorigenesis has expanded enormously. In this review, we briefly summarize iron homeostasis in mammals, and discuss recent progresses in understanding the aberrant iron metabolism in numerous cancer types, with a focus on studies revealing altered signal transduction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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Port GZ, Oliveira K, Soldera J, Tovo CV. Biochemical nutritional profile of liver cirrhosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2014; 51:10-5. [PMID: 24760057 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver cirrhosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma present nutritional alterations and metabolic disorders that negatively impact the prognosis. OBJECTIVE The objective is to identify alterations in the metabolism of macro and micronutrients among liver cirrhosis patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma and their relation to the Child-Turcote-Pugh score and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging. METHODS Analytical transversal study, with 31 hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 48 liver cirrhosis patients. Laboratorial exams were carried out. The existence of an association between the biochemical parameters and the disease severity as well as the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was assessed. RESULTS The metabolic-nutritional profile of liver cirrhosis patients caused by the hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma showed alterations, specifically the lipid (total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides), protein (albumin, creatinine and uric acid), iron (transferrin, iron and ferritin saturation), hematocrit and hemoglobin, zinc and B12 vitamin profiles. There is a relation between nutritional biochemical markers and the Child-Turcote-Pugh, as well as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging. CONCLUSIONS Considering the existence of alterations in the metabolism of nutrients in liver cirrhosis patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma, and also that conventional nutritional assessment methods present limitations for this population, the biochemical laboratorial exams are valid to complement the diagnosis of the nutritional state in a quick and practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Zanatta Port
- Pós Graduação do Curso de Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Kalinca Oliveira
- Pós Graduação do Curso de Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Jonathan Soldera
- Pós Graduação do Curso de Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Valle Tovo
- Pós Graduação do Curso de Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Chen W, DelProposto Z, Liu W, Kassir M, Wang Z, Zhao J, Xie B, Wen Y, Wang J, Hu J. Susceptibility-weighted imaging for the noncontrast evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study with histopathologic correlation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98303. [PMID: 24879409 PMCID: PMC4039503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific morphologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on imaging have identifiable pathologic correlates as well as implications for altering surgical management and defining prognosis. In this study, we compared susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to conventional techniques and correlated our findings with histopathology to determine the role of SWI in assessing morphologic features of HCC without using a contrast agent. METHODS 86 consecutive patients with suspected HCC were imaged with MRI (including T1, T2, T2*, and SWI) and subsequently CT. 59 histologically-proven HCC lesions were identified in 53 patients. Each lesion on each imaging sequence was evaluated by two radiologists, and classified with respect to lesion morphology, signal intensity relative to surrounding hepatic parenchyma, presence of a pseudocapsule, presence of venous invasion, and internal homogeneity. RESULTS Histopathology confirmed pseudocapsules in 41/59 lesions. SWI was able to detect a pseudocapsule in 34/41 lesions; compared to conventional T1/T2 imaging (12/41) and T2* (27/41). Mosaic pattern was identified in 25/59 lesions by histopathology; SWI confirmed this in all 25 lesions, compared to T1/T2 imaging (13/25) or T2* (18/25). Hemorrhage was confirmed by histopathology in 43/59 lesions, and visible on SWI in 41/43 lesions, compared to T1/T2 (7/43) and T2* (38/43). Venous invasion was confirmed by histopathology in 31/59 patients; SWI demonstrated invasion in 28/31 patients, compared to T1/T2 (7/31) and T2* (24/31). CONCLUSIONS SWI is better at identifying certain morphologic features such as pseudocapsule and hemorrhage than conventional MRI without using a contrast agent in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary DelProposto
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohammad Kassir
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaming Wen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (JW)
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (JW)
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29
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Clarke JD, Novak P, Lake AD, Shipkova P, Aranibar N, Robertson D, Severson PL, Reily MD, Futscher BW, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Cherrington NJ. Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma related genes and metabolites in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:365-74. [PMID: 24048683 PMCID: PMC3945102 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide prevalences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are estimated to range from 30 to 40 % and 5-17 %, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily caused by hepatitis B infection, but retrospective data suggest that 4-29 % of NASH cases will progress to HCC. Currently the connection between NASH and HCC is unclear. AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify changes in expression of HCC-related genes and metabolite profiles in NAFLD progression. METHODS Transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets from human liver tissue representing NAFLD progression (normal, steatosis, NASH) were utilized and compared to published data for HCC. RESULTS Genes involved in Wnt signaling were downregulated in NASH but have been reported to be upregulated in HCC. Extracellular matrix/angiogenesis genes were upregulated in NASH, similar to reports in HCC. Iron homeostasis is known to be perturbed in HCC and we observed downregulation of genes in this pathway. In the metabolomics analysis of hepatic NAFLD samples, several changes were opposite to what has been reported in plasma of HCC patients (lysine, phenylalanine, citrulline, creatine, creatinine, glycodeoxycholic acid, inosine, and alpha-ketoglutarate). In contrast, multiple acyl-lyso-phosphatidylcholine metabolites were downregulated in NASH livers, consistent with observations in HCC patient plasma. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate an overlap in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and HCC where several classes of HCC related genes and metabolites are altered in NAFLD. Importantly, Wnt signaling and several metabolites are different, thus implicating these genes and metabolites as mediators in the transition from NASH to HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cluster Analysis
- Databases, Genetic
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Metabolomics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Petr Novak
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - April D. Lake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - Paul L. Severson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Bernard W. Futscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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30
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Louandre C, Ezzoukhry Z, Godin C, Barbare JC, Mazière JC, Chauffert B, Galmiche A. Iron-dependent cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to sorafenib. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1732-42. [PMID: 23505071 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is currently the treatment of reference for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our report, we examined the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib on HCC cells. We report that the depletion of the intracellular iron stores achieved by using the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFX) strikingly protects HCC cells from the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib. The protective effect of the depletion of intracellular iron stores could not be explained by an interference with conventional forms of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis or autophagic cell death. We also found that DFX did not prevent sorafenib from reaching its intracellular target kinases. Instead, the depletion of intracellular iron stores prevented sorafenib from inducing oxidative stress in HCC cells. We examined the possibility that sorafenib might exert a cytotoxic effect that resembles ferroptosis, a form of cell death in which iron-dependent oxidative mechanisms play a pivotal role. In agreement with this possibility, we found that pharmacological inhibitors (ferrostatin-1) and genetic procedures (RNA interference against IREB-2) previously reported to modulate ferroptosis, readily block the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings identify ferroptosis as an effective mechanism for the induction of cell death in HCC. Ferroptosis could potentially become a goal for the medical treatment of HCC, thus opening new avenues for the optimization of the use of sorafenib in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Louandre
- INSERM U1088, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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31
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Merlot AM, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Novel chelators for cancer treatment: where are we now? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:973-1006. [PMID: 22424293 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Under normal circumstances, cellular iron levels are tightly regulated due to the potential toxic effects of this metal ion. There is evidence that tumors possess altered iron homeostasis, which is mediated by the perturbed expression of iron-related proteins, for example, transferrin receptor 1, ferritin and ferroportin 1. The de-regulation of iron homeostasis in cancer cells reveals a particular vulnerability to iron-depletion using iron chelators. In this review, we examine the absorption of iron from the gut; its transport, metabolism, and homeostasis in mammals; and the molecular pathways involved. Additionally, evidence for alterations in iron processing in cancer are described along with the perturbations in other biologically important transition metal ions, for example, copper(II) and zinc(II). These changes can be therapeutically manipulated by the use of novel chelators that have recently been shown to be highly effective in terms of inhibiting tumor growth. RECENT ADVANCES Such chelators include those of the thiosemicarbazone class that were originally thought to target only ribonucleotide reductase, but are now known to have multiple effects, including the generation of cytotoxic radicals. CRITICAL ISSUES Several chelators have shown marked anti-tumor activity in vivo against a variety of solid tumors. An important aspect is the toxicology and the efficacy of these agents in clinical trials. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As part of the process of the clinical assessment of the new chelators, an extensive toxicological assessment in multiple animal models is essential for designing appropriate dosing protocols in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Merlot
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Li Q, Liu Y, Che Z, Zhu H, Meng G, Hou Y, Ding B, Yin Y, Chen F. Dietary L-arginine supplementation alleviates liver injury caused by Escherichia coli LPS in weaned pigs. Innate Immun 2012; 18:804-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912441955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) could attenuate Escherichia coli LPS-induced liver injury through the TLR4 signaling pathway in weaned pigs. Eighteen weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments: non-challenged control, LPS challenged control and LPS + 0.5% Arg. On d 18, pigs were injected with LPS at 100 µg/kg of body weight (BW) or sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained at 4 h post-injection. Pigs were then sacrificed for the collection of liver samples. Arg supplementation (0.5%) alleviated liver morphological impairment, including hepatocyte caryolysis, karyopycnosis and fibroblast proliferation induced by LPS challenge; it mitigated the increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities induced by LPS ( P < 0.05); it prevented the increase of hepatic TNF-α, malondialdehyde contents and mast cell number induced by LPS administration ( P < 0.05); and it attenuated the elevation of hepatic NF- κB and TLR4-positive cell percentages ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in attenuating hepatic morphological and functional injury induced by LPS challenge in piglets. Additionally, it is possible that the protective effects of Arg on the liver are associated with a decreased release of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals through inhibiting TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Che
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yulong Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Duan XY, Qiao L, Fan JG. Clinical features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:18-27. [PMID: 22251466 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is a recognized risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, detailed analysis of the clinical features in patients with NAFLD and their association with HCC is lacking. This study aimed to update the clinical features of patients with NAFLD-associated HCC. DATA SOURCES The clinical data of patients with NAFLD-associated HCC from 25 studies published between 1990 and 2010 in the Pubmed database were comprehensively reviewed. RESULTS In a total of 169 patients with NAFLD-associated HCC, 72.8% were male. The median age at abnormal liver function tests and diagnosis of NAFLD and HCC was 60, 64 and 67 years, respectively. Most patients were obese (75%) and diabetic (59.8%), 32.3% had dyslipidemia, and 53% had hypertension. Nearly all patients (98.6%, 71/72) were complicated with at least one metabolic disorder. The majority (76%) of the HCC patients had a solitary tumor nodule, with the tumor size ranging from 0.8 to 20 cm in diameter (mean 3.4 cm). Most (61.1%) of the patients had moderately-differentiated HCC. In 40.2% of the patients, HCC occurred in the absence of cirrhosis. Among 130 patients, 57.7% underwent hepatectomy and 14.6% received liver transplantation. The mean follow-up of the treated patients for 25 months showed that 32.4% (24/74) died and 18.8% (9/48) had recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NAFLD-associated HCC are usually accompanied with metabolic disorders. Regular surveillance in patients with NAFLD for HCC is necessary, especially for elderly men with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Herzig MCS, Hildreth K, Huamani J, Perez M, Goins BA, McMahan CA, Reddick RL, Walter CA. Human O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase containing C145A does not prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in C3HeB/FeJ transgenic mice. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:275-85. [PMID: 22213062 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was diminished from 60% to 18% at 15 months of age in C3HeB/FeJ male transgenic mice expressing hMGMT in our previous studies. To directly test if the methyltransferase activity is required for diminished tumor prevalence, two separate lines of transgenic mice bearing an enzymatically inactive form of hMGMT were used. In these lines, cysteine 145 was substituted with alanine (C145A). Expression of the hMGMT C145A transgene in liver was demonstrated by Northern blots and Western blots. Immunohistochemistry revealed predominantly nuclear localization of the hMGMT C145A protein. hMGMT C145A transgenic mice were crossed with lacI transgenic mice to assess mutant frequencies in the presence of the mutant protein. Mutant frequencies were similar among livers of lacI × hMGMT C145A bi-transgenic mice and lacI × wild-type (WT) mice. DNA sequence analysis of recovered lacI mutants revealed similar mutation spectra for hMGMT C145A and WT mice. The prevalence of HCC was also similar for the two tested lines of hMGMT C145A mice, 45% and 48% prevalence with median tumor sizes of 11 and 8 mm, and WT mice, 40% prevalence and median tumor size of 10 mm. These results provide evidence that residue C145 in hMGMT is required to reduce the prevalence of HCC in C3HeB/FeJ mice transgenic for hMGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne C S Herzig
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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35
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Ba Q, Hao M, Huang H, Hou J, Ge S, Zhang Z, Yin J, Chu R, Jiang H, Wang F, Chen K, Liu H, Wang H. Iron deprivation suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth in experimental studies. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7625-33. [PMID: 22052937 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, and iron overload is a significant risk factor in the development of HCC. In this study, we investigated the potential application of depriving iron by a novel iron chelator, thiosemicarbazone-24 (TSC24), in HCC treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two HCC cell lines and HFE knockout (HFE(-/-)) mice were used to determine iron chelation efficiency of TSC24. The anticancer effects of TSC24 on HCC were analyzed in vitro and in athymic xenograft mouse models. RESULTS Treatment with TSC24 significantly decreased the cellular iron concentration in hepatoma cells and the serum iron concentration in HFE(-/-) mice by blocking iron uptake and interfering with normal regulation of iron levels. Moreover, the viability of HCC cell lines was reduced by TSC24. Confirming the mechanism of the agent, this decrease in viability could be partially rescued by addition of exogenous iron. TSC24 also suppressed tumor growth in athymic mice bearing human HCC xenografts in a concentration-dependent manner, without apparent toxicity in parallel with a decrease in the serum iron level. Further studies revealed that TSC24 efficiently triggered cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS TSC24 is a potent iron chelator that suppresses human HCC tumor growth by disrupting iron homeostasis, reducing available iron, and triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, without apparent host toxicity at effective doses. Thus, TSC24 shows great potential for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ba
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Maegdefrau U, Arndt S, Kivorski G, Hellerbrand C, Bosserhoff AK. Downregulation of hemojuvelin prevents inhibitory effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on iron metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1615-23. [PMID: 21863061 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we revealed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 is increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, latest reports described BMPs, in particular BMP6, as important regulators of hepcidin expression in iron homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to unravel why enhanced BMP expression in HCC patients does not lead to severe changes in iron metabolism. Initial analysis of the BMP4 and BMP6 expression patterns revealed enhanced expression on mRNA and protein level in HCC cell lines and tissue samples compared with primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and normal liver tissues. However and interestingly, hepcidin expression was reduced in HCC cell lines and tissues. Analysis of BMP6 receptor expression revealed loss of BMP6-specific receptor subunit in HCC. To identify a possible regulatory mechanism causing lack of reaction to BMP4 we analyzed the expression of hemojuvelin (HJV), which is involved in iron metabolism as BMP co-receptor. HJV expression was markedly decreased in HCC cell lines and tissues. HJV promoter analysis revealed potential HNF-1α and snail-binding sites, but functional analysis ruled out that these transcriptional regulators or promoter methylation are the cause of HJV downregulation in HCC. However, we identified AU-rich elements in the HJV 3'-untranslated region and revealed significantly faster decay of HJV mRNA in HCC cells as compared with PHH indicating decreased mRNA-stability as the reason for the loss of HJV expression in HCC.
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Shpyleva SI, Muskhelishvili L, Tryndyak VP, Koturbash I, Tokar EJ, Waalkes MP, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Chronic administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene alters the cellular iron metabolism in rat liver. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:433-40. [PMID: 21785164 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated intracellular iron homeostasis has been found not only in rodent and human hepatocellular carcinomas but also in several preneoplastic pathological states associated with hepatocarcinogenesis; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of metabolic iron disturbances in preneoplastic liver and the role of these disturbances remain unexplored. In the present study, using an in vivo model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene, we found extensive alterations in cellular iron metabolism at preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis. These were characterized by a substantial decrease in the levels of cytoplasmic non-heme iron in foci of initiated hepatocytes and altered expression of the major genes responsible for the proper maintenance of intracellular iron homeostasis. Gene expression analysis revealed that the decreased intracellular levels of iron in preneoplastic foci might be attributed to increased iron export from the cells, driven by upregulation of ferroportin (Fpn1), the only known non-heme iron exporter. Likewise, increased Fpn1 gene expression was found in vitro in TRL1215 rat liver cells with an acquired malignant phenotype, suggesting that upregulation of Fpn1 might be a specific feature of neoplastically transformed cells. Other changes observed in vivo included the downregulation of hepcidin (Hamp) gene, a key regulator of Fpn1, and this was accompanied by decreased levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha and beta, especially at the Hamp promoter. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the significance of altered intracellular iron metabolism in the progression of liver carcinogenesis and suggest that correction of these alterations could possibly affect liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana I Shpyleva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Kim JY, Kim JH, Park TJ, Lee JS, Pasaje CF, Bae JS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Shin HD. No association of TF gene polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus Clearance and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in a Korean population. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-010-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Associations of 9p21 variants with cutaneous malignant melanoma, nevi, and pigmentation phenotypes in melanoma-prone families with and without CDKN2A mutations. Fam Cancer 2011; 9:625-33. [PMID: 20574843 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-010-9356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 9p21 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). In addition to CDKN2A, the major known high-risk susceptibility gene for CMM, recent studies suggest that other 9p21 genes may be involved in melanoma/nevi development. To identify 9p21 variants that influence susceptibility to CMM and number of nevi in CMM-prone families with and without CDKN2A mutations, we analyzed 562 individuals (183 CMM) from 53 families (23 CDKN2A+, 30 CDKN2A-) for 233 tagging SNPs in 21 genes at 9p21. Single SNP- and gene-based regression analyses were used to assess the risk of CMM, nevi count, skin complexion, and tanning ability associated with these SNPs and genes. We found that SNP rs7023329 in the MTAP gene was associated with number of nevi (P (trend) = 0.003) confirming a recent finding by a genome-wide association study. In addition, three SNPs in the ACO1 gene, rs7855483 (P (trend) = 0.002), rs17288067 (P (trend) = 0.0009), and rs10813813 (P (trend) = 0.005), showed the strongest associations with CMM risk. None of the examined 9p21 SNPs was associated with skin complexion, whereas two SNPs, rs10964862 in IFNW1 (P (trend) = 0.003), and rs13290968 in TUSC1 (P (trend) = 0.0006), were associated with tanning ability. Gene-based analyses suggested that the ACO1 gene was significantly associated with CMM (P = 0.0004); genes IFNW1 (P = 0.002) and ACO1 (P = 0.0002) were significantly associated with tanning ability. Our findings are consistent with recent proposals that additional 9p21 genes may contribute to CMM susceptibility in CMM-prone families. These genetic variants may, at least partially, exert their effects through nevi and tanning ability.
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Trillo MA, Cid MA, Martínez MA, Page JE, Esteban J, Úbeda A. Cytostatic response of NB69 cells to weak pulse-modulated 2.2 GHz radar-like signals. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:340-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hardie AD, Nance JW, Boulter DJ, Kizziah MK. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of T2*-weighted MR imaging for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma with liver explant correlation. Eur J Radiol 2010; 80:e249-52. [PMID: 21112710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2*-weighted MRI may represent a novel method for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of T2*-weighted MRI for HCC with liver explant correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review identified 25 patients who had undergone liver transplantation with pre-operative T2*-weighted MRI. All patients had Child's-Pugh A (9), B (9), or C (7) liver disease with 13 transplanted for liver dysfunction and 12 for HCC. The T2*-weighted images were interpreted by 2 blinded, independent observers and the results compared with the explanted specimens. Sensitivity and specificity of T2*-weighted MRI for the identification of HCC was assessed. RESULTS By pathology, 16 HCC (mean largest diameter 2.1 cm; range 0.9-3.6 cm) were identified in 14 patients. Reader 1 had a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval 41-88%) and a specificity of 100% (68-100%). Reader 2 had a sensitivity of 56% (31-79%) and a specificity of 100% (68-100%). There was a very good inter-observer agreement (kappa=0.84). CONCLUSION T2*-weighted MRI had a moderate sensitivity for identifying HCC but had an excellent specificity. A T2*-weighted MR sequence may be a useful component of a liver MRI protocol due to its high specificity for HCC, and may be particularly useful in patients unable to undergo gadolinium enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hardie
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 169 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Hardie AD, Romano PB. The use of T2*-weighted multi-echo GRE imaging as a novel method to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma compared with gadolinium-enhanced MRI: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:281-5. [PMID: 20071122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the study was to assess a T2*-weighted MRI sequence for the ability to identify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Hepatic iron deposition, which is common in chronic liver disease (CLD), may increase the conspicuity of HCC on GRE imaging due to increased T2* signal decay in liver parenchyma. In this study, a breath-hold T2*-weighted MRI sequence was evaluated by a blinded observer for HCC and the results compared to a reference standard of gadolinium-enhanced MRI in these same patients. Forty-one patients (mean age 56.2 years; 17 females) were included in this approved, retrospective study. RESULTS By the reference standard, 14 of 41 patients had a total of 25 HCCs. The sensitivity of the T2*-weighted MR sequence for identifying HCC, per lesion, was 60%, while the specificity was 100%. There was a significantly lower T2* value of liver parenchyma in patients with HCC identified by the T2*-weighted sequence than in those with HCCs which were not identified by the T2*-weighted sequence (27.8+/-2.2 vs. 21.9+/-2.1 ms; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS A T2*-weighted MRI sequence can identify HCC in patients with CLD. This technique may be beneficial for imaging of patients contraindicated for gadolinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hardie
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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