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Banerjee A. Paradigm shifts in public health: Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_418_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Collatuzzo G, Pelucchi C, Negri E, López-Carrillo L, Tsugane S, Hidaka A, Shigueaki Hamada G, Hernández-Ramírez RU, López-Cervantes M, Malekzadeh R, Pourfarzi F, Mu L, Zhang ZF, Lunet N, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Exploring the interactions between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and other risk factors of gastric cancer: A pooled analysis in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1228-1238. [PMID: 33990950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is crucial in gastric carcinogenesis, but infection alone is not a sufficient cause, and the interaction between Hp infection and other risk factors has not been adequately studied. We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, comprising 1377 cases and 2470 controls, to explore the interaction among Hp infection and tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary salt intake on the risk of gastric cancer. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The analysis showed no consistent interaction between Hp infection and cigarette smoking, while interaction was more than multiplicative for alcohol drinking (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.77, P-interaction 0.02) and high intake of salt (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.88-3.65, P-interaction = 0.04). The interaction with SES followed the multiplicative model (P = 0.49), resulting in a weakening among infected individuals of the protective effect of high SES among observed Hp-negative individuals. The interactions found were more pronounced in subjects with history of peptic ulcer. The interactions with Hp infection were stronger for cigarette smoking and dietary salt in the case of noncardia cancer, and for alcohol and SES in the case of cardia cancer. No differences were found when stratifying for histologic type. This large-scale study aimed to quantify the interaction between Hp infection and other modifiable risk factors of gastric cancer revealed that the benefit of combined Hp eradication and lifestyle modification on gastric cancer prevention may be larger than commonly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Department of Epidemiology, EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Mukherjee S, Madathil SA, Ghatak S, Jahau L, Pautu JL, Zohmingthanga J, Pachuau L, Nicolau B, Kumar NS. Association of tobacco smoke-infused water (tuibur) use by Mizo people and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8580-8585. [PMID: 31904095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to understand the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors and more specifically the role of tobacco smoke-infused water (tuibur) on Helicobacter pylori infection. It was a cross-sectional study to measure the epidemiological risk factors associated with H. pylori infection among the tribal population in Northeast India. Endoscopic samples were collected from the antrum region of the stomach from 863 participants with gastritis. H. pylori infection was confirmed in 475 samples by the rapid urease test and PCR-based methods. Information on demographic and lifestyle factors was collected using a validated and standardized questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between the various factors and H. pylori. The use of tuibur was associated with an increased OR of H. pylori infection (OR = 3.32, 95% Cl = 1.95-5.83). Tobacco chewers (OR = 1.49, 95% Cl = 1.06-2.09), smokers (OR = 1.81, 95% Cl = 1.26-2.61), and alcohol consumers (OR = 1.81, 95% Cl = 1.19-2.76) were also infected with H. pylori. The results were not attenuated after adjusting for major well-known risk factors of H. pylori infection. The habit of tuibur consumption may be a contributing factor to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and in turn, may contribute to the high prevalence of gastritis among the Mizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Souvik Ghatak
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | | | | | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
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Mootien S, Kaplan PM. Monoclonal antibodies specific for Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxins BFT1 and BFT2 and their use in immunoassays. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173128. [PMID: 28257448 PMCID: PMC5336258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed 22 mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Bacteroides fragilis zinc metalloprotease toxins 1 and 2 (BFT1 and BFT2). Mice were immunized with recombinant BFT1 or BFT2 proteins with metalloprotease activity. Eight of the mAbs bind specifically to BFT1. One mAb, 2H6, binds specifically to BFT2. The remaining 13 mAbs bind to both BFT1 and BFT2. The eight BFT1-specific mAbs recognize at least five different epitopes on the toxin. Four of the BFT1-specific mAbs neutralized rBFT1 metalloprotease activity. Only one of these four mAbs, 1D9, neutralizes the cytotoxic effect of BFT1. Here, we describe the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect BFT1 or BFT2 toxin in an isotype-specific manner. The sandwich ELISAs have a detection limit of 20 to 40 ng/ml when purified recombinant BFT protein is diluted into PBS. The sandwich ELISA can be used to distinguish and quantify levels of rBFT1 and rBFT2 in stool. This ELISA can be an important tool to investigate the association between BFT expression by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and diseases such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraspadee Mootien
- L2 Diagnostics LLC, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul M. Kaplan
- L2 Diagnostics LLC, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Benatar S, Poland B. Lessons for Health From Insights into Environmental Crises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2015; 46:825-42. [PMID: 26442956 DOI: 10.1177/0020731415596296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The health of whole populations within nations and globally and the implications of climate change are two of the most important challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Both are components of a complex global crisis that must be acknowledged and addressed. Here we draw the attention of health professionals to some emerging threats and insights from key works of environmentalists in the hope that these may catalyze reflection on the broader challenges facing human health at a time of deep planetary malaise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Benatar
- Bioethics Centre c/o Philosophy Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vaira D. Changing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer among dyspeptic patients. Intern Emerg Med 2015; 10:763-4. [PMID: 26350279 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-015-1296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Vaira
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Moon DI, Shin EH, Oh HG, Oh JS, Hong S, Chung Y, Kim O. Usefulness of a Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test for diagnosing H. pylori infected C57BL/6 mice. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:27-32. [PMID: 23573105 PMCID: PMC3616206 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among several diagnostic tests, a Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test may offer a useful noninvasive method for diagnosing infection without sacrificing animals. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice (n=6) were infected with H. pylori ATCC 49503 (1×10(8) CFU/mouse) by intragastric inoculation three times at 2-day intervals, and H. pylori infected stool specimens were collected 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 days after infection to assess reliability of the HpSA test. Five of six specimens were positive at 5-21 days after infection, and the sensitivity of the HpSA test was 83.33%. The presence of H. pylori infection was confirmed by the rapid urease test and genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and showed the same results as the HpSA. However, the rapid urease test and genomic DNA PCR are invasive tests and require animal sacrifice to detect H. pylori in gastric biopsy samples. We suggest that an HpSA test kit would be useful and effective for monitoring H. pylori in various laboratory animals, as H. pylori can be easily monitored without sacrificing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-In Moon
- Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Huvet. Inc., Iksan, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sunhwa Hong
- Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yungho Chung
- Department of Companion Animal and Animal Recourses Science, Joongbu University, Kummsan, Korea
| | - Okjin Kim
- Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a global pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal diseases leading to a significant morbidity and mortality. There is an effective treatment for peptic ulcer disease, however, this is being compromised by an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Although alternative rescue regimens have been advocated, the best strategy would be to prevent disease, especially in the case of gastric cancer for which there is still no treatment. One approach is to inhibit the first step in the pathogenic process - adhesion of the organism to the host tissue. Another and probably a better approach is vaccination, but clinical trials have so far been unsuccessful. There is still a large uncertainty in relation to how H. pylori causes disease. Knowledge from genomics, proteomics, and the relationship between polymorphism of the bacterium and the host, as well as the continuing investigation of the role played by important virulence factors in the outcome of the disease, will help both in understanding pathogenesis of disease and in the design of the best vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O'Mahony
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & International Health, RF&UCL Medical School, UK
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Rowbury RJ. Introduction: microbial disease: recent studies show that novel extracellular components can enhance microbial resistance to lethal host chemicals and increase virulence. Sci Prog 2002; 85:1-11. [PMID: 11969116 PMCID: PMC10361181 DOI: 10.3184/003685002783238889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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