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Chbeir S, Carrión V. Resilience by design: How nature, nurture, environment, and microbiome mitigate stress and allostatic load. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:144-159. [PMID: 37303926 PMCID: PMC10251360 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience to psychological stress is defined as adaption to challenging life experiences and not the absence of adverse life events. Determinants of resilience include personality traits, genetic/epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the stress response, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, secure attachment with a caregiver, social and community support systems, nutrition and exercise, and alignment of circadian rhythm to the natural light/dark cycle. Therefore, resilience is a dynamic and flexible process that continually evolves by the intersection of different domains in human’s life; biological, social, and psychological. The objective of this minireview is to summarize the existing knowledge about the multitude factors and molecular alterations that result from resilience to stress response. Given the multiple contributing factors in building resilience, we set out a goal to identify which factors were most supportive of a causal role by the current literature. We focused on resilience-related molecular alterations resulting from mind-body homeostasis in connection with psychosocial and environmental factors. We conclude that there is no one causal factor that differentiates a resilient person from a vulnerable one. Instead, building resilience requires an intricate network of positive experiences and a healthy lifestyle that contribute to a balanced mind-body connection. Therefore, a holistic approach must be adopted in future research on stress response to address the multiple elements that promote resilience and prevent illnesses and psychopathology related to stress allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhad Chbeir
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Victor Carrión
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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Mariano S, Pardo M, Buccheri C, Illiano P, Adinolfi A, Lo Russo SLM, Alleva E, Carbone C, Adriani W. Own or dam's genotype? Classical colony breeding may bias spontaneous and stress-challenged activity in DAT-mutant rats. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:505-518. [PMID: 31599465 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in understanding what makes an individual vulnerable or resilient to the deleterious effects of stressful events. From candidate genes, dopamine (DA) and dopamine transporter (DAT) have been linked to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We investigated role of DAT using the new DAT heterozygous (DAT-HET) and homozygous mutant (DAT-KO) rat models of hyperdopaminergia. We studied the impact of two breeding conditions in spontaneous locomotor behavior of female rats. The classical colony, through mating DAT-HET males × DAT-HET females (breeding HET-HET), was used. A second WT colony was derived and maintained (breeding WT-WT). Additionally, a subgroup of rats was bred through mating DAT-KO males × WT females (atypical HET, breeding KO-WT). We studied the effects of genotype and its interaction with maternal care (depending by breeding condition). HET-HET breeding led to reduced activity in HET females compared to WT rats (from WT-WT breeding). However, HET females from KO-WT breeding did not differ so much from WT rats (WT-WT breeding). The maternal-care impact was then confirmed: HET mothers (breeding HET-HET) showed reduced liking/grooming of pups and increased digging away from nest, compared to WT mothers (breeding WT-WT). In their female offspring (HET, breeding HET-HET vs. WT, breeding WT-WT), isolation plus wet bedding induced higher and more persistent impact on activity of HET rats, even when the stressor was removed. Our results highlight the importance of epigenetic factors (e.g., maternal care) in responses to stress expressed by offspring at adulthood, quite independently of genotype. DAT hypofunction could determinate vulnerability to stressful agents via altered maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariano
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno (U.T.I.U.), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Clelia Buccheri
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Placido Illiano
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annalisa Adinolfi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lucia M Lo Russo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carbone
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Adriani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno (U.T.I.U.), Rome, Italy
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Yue N, Huang H, Zhu X, Han Q, Wang Y, Li B, Liu Q, Wu G, Zhang Y, Yu J. Activation of P2X7 receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in hippocampal glial cells mediates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:102. [PMID: 28486969 PMCID: PMC5424302 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression. In addition, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a member of the purinergic receptor family, which is predominantly present on microglia, as well as on astrocytes and neurons in lesser amounts in the central nervous system, was suggested to be involved in the processing and releasing of IL-1β. Here, we investigated the role of P2X7R in the pathogenesis of depression. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stressors (CUS) for 3 weeks. At the end of week 1, 2, and 3, extracellular ATP, caspase 1, IL-1β, and components and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain containing 3) were evaluated as biomarker of neuroinflammation. In separate experiments, the rats were microinjected with P2X7R agonists ATP, BzATP, and saline into the hippocampus, respectively, or exposed to CUS combined with hippocampal microinjection with P2X7R antagonist, BBG and A438079, and saline, respectively, for 3 weeks, followed by exposed to forced swimming test and open-field test. Moreover, we also evaluated the depressive and anxiety-like behavior of P2X7-null mice in forced swimming test, open-field test, and elevated plus maze. Results Along with stress accumulation, extracellular ATP, cleaved-caspase 1, IL-1β, and ASC were significantly enhanced in the hippocampus, but P2X7R and NLRP3 were not. Immunoprecipitation assay indicated that along with the accumulation of stress, assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase 1 in NLRP3 inflammasome were significantly increased. Moreover, antagonists of P2X7R, either BBG or A438079, prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress in rats. Meanwhile, we could not observe any depressive-like or anxiety-like behaviors of P2X7-null mice after they had been exposed to CUS. The results implied that P2X7 knockout could impede the development of depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CUS. In contrast, chronic administration of agonists of P2X7R, either ATP or BzATP, could induce depressive-like behaviors. Conclusions The activation of P2X7R and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglial cells could mediate depressive-like behaviors, which suggests a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0865-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yue
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaocang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiuqin Han
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gencheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institues of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liu H, Chaudhury D. Understanding Mood Disorders Using Electrophysiology and Circuit Breaking. DECODING NEURAL CIRCUIT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 2017:343-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57363-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Levey EJ, Oppenheim CE, Lange BCL, Plasky NS, Harris BL, Lekpeh GG, Kekulah I, Henderson DC, Borba CPC. A qualitative analysis of factors impacting resilience among youth in post-conflict Liberia. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:26. [PMID: 27525038 PMCID: PMC4983000 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2008, 5 years after the Liberian civil war ended, there were an estimated 340,000 orphans in Liberia, 18 % of the total child population of the country. Given that children make up half the population and that these children experienced significant trauma and loss both through direct exposure to the war and then to the Ebola epidemic, and indirectly as a result of the trauma experienced by their parents, the recovery of these children is essential to the recovery of the nation as a whole. The goal of this research was to identify factors contributing to resilience among youth in post-conflict Liberia. Resilience was defined as evidence of adaptive functioning and psychological health. METHODS Seventy-five young people (age 13-18) in the capital city of Monrovia, Liberia were recruited in 2012. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and demographic data were collected. Interviews were then transcribed and coded thematically. RESULTS Forty-six of the participants were attending school, and 29 were not enrolled in school. Youth enrolled in school demonstrated greater adaptive functioning. This was particularly true for boys in any school setting and girls attending private school. Youth not attending school were more likely to have lost family members or become estranged from them, and many were also engaging in substance use. Emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, agency, social intelligence and, in some cases, meaning-making were found in participants who showed resilient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver relationships mediate the development of psychological capacities that impact resilience. These findings suggest that youth who have lost a caregiver, many of whom are not attending school, are experiencing a significant ongoing burden in terms of their daily functioning and psychological health in the post-war period and should be the focus of further study and intervention targeting substance use and community reintegration. Trial registration Partners Healthcare IRB Protocol# 2012P000367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Longfellow Place, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115 USA ,University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1853 West Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Claire E. Oppenheim
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, 840 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Brittany C. L. Lange
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32-37 Wellington Square, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi S. Plasky
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Harris
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - G. Gondah Lekpeh
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Isaac Kekulah
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - David C. Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, 840 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Christina P. C. Borba
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, 840 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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Maternal immune activation epigenetically regulates hippocampal serotonin transporter levels. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 4:34-43. [PMID: 27981188 PMCID: PMC5146201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most debilitating psychiatric diseases, affecting a large percentage of the population worldwide. Currently, the underlying pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood, hampering the development of critically needed alternative therapeutic strategies, which further largely depends on the availability of suitable model systems. Here we used a mouse model of early life stress – a precipitating factor for the development of MDD – featuring infectious stress through maternal immune activation (MIA) by polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid (Poly(I:C)) to examine epigenetic modulations as potential molecular correlates of the alterations in brain structure, function and behavior. We found that in adult female MIA offspring anhedonic behavior was associated with modulations of the global histone acetylation profile in the hippocampus. Morevoer, specific changes at the promoter and in the expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT), critically involved in the etiology of MDD and pharmacological antidepressant treatment were detected. Furthermore, an accompanying reduction in hippocampal levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 was observed in MIA as compared to control offspring. Based on these results we propose a model in which the long-lasting impact of MIA on depression-like behavior and associated molecular and cellular aberrations in the offspring is brought about by the modulation of epigenetic processes and consequent enduring changes in gene expression. These data provide additional insights into the principles underlying the impact of early infectious stress on the development of MDD and may contribute to the development of new targets for antidepressant therapy.
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Radwan B, Liu H, Chaudhury D. Regulation and Modulation of Depression-Related Behaviours: Role of Dopaminergic Neurons. DOPAMINE AND SLEEP 2016:147-190. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46437-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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