1
|
Ohira M, Yoshii K, Aso Y, Nakajima H, Yamashita T, Takahashi-Iwata I, Maeda N, Shindo K, Suenaga T, Matsuura T, Sugie K, Hamano T, Arai A, Furutani R, Suzuki Y, Kaneko C, Kobayashi Y, Campos-Alberto E, Harper LR, Edwards J, Bender C, Pilz A, Ito S, Angulo FJ, Erber W, Madhava H, Moïsi J, Jodar L, Mizusawa H, Takao M. First evidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) outside of Hokkaido Island in Japan. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2278898. [PMID: 37906509 PMCID: PMC10810618 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2278898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. TBEV is transmitted to humans primarily by Ixodes ticks. There have been 5 TBE cases identified in Japan, all on the northern island of Hokkaido. Rodents with TBEV antibodies and Ixodes ticks have been identified throughout Japan, indicating that TBEV infection might be undiagnosed in Japan. Residual serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected in 2010-2021 from 520 patients ≥1 year-of-age previously hospitalized with encephalitis or meningitis of unknown etiology at 15 hospitals (including 13 hospitals outside of Hokkaido) were screened by ELISA for TBEV IgG and IgM antibodies; TBEV infection was confirmed by the gold standard neutralization test. Residual serum was available from 331 (63.6%) patients and CSF from 430 (82.6%) patients; both serum and CSF were available from 189 (36.3%). Two patients were TBE cases: a female aged 61 years hospitalized for 104 days in Oita (2000 km south of Hokkaido) and a male aged 24 years hospitalized for 11 days in Tokyo (1200 km south of Hokkaido). Retrospective testing also identified a previous TBEV infection in a female aged 45 years hospitalized for 12 days in Okayama (1700 km south of Hokkaido). TBEV infection should be considered as a potential cause of encephalitis or meningitis in Japan. TBE cases are likely undiagnosed in Japan, including outside of Hokkaido, due to limited clinical awareness and lack of availability of TBE diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ohira
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Aso
- Department of Neurology, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa Maeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsuro Shindo
- Department or Neurology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Department of Neurology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Arai
- Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rikiya Furutani
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Lisa R. Harper
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Juanita Edwards
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Cody Bender
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Andreas Pilz
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Vaccine Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frederick J. Angulo
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Erber
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harish Madhava
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Moïsi
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France
| | - Luis Jodar
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elizalde M, Cano-Gómez C, Llorente F, Pérez-Ramírez E, Casades-Martí L, Aguilera-Sepúlveda P, Ruiz-Fons F, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Fernández-Pinero J. A Duplex Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Flaviviruses of the Japanese Encephalitis and Ntaya Serocomplexes in Birds. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:203. [PMID: 32373639 PMCID: PMC7186316 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High impact, mosquito-borne flaviviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Tembusu virus (TMUV), and Bagaza/Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (BAGV/ITV) are emerging in different areas of the world. These viruses belong to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serocomplex (JEV, WNV, and USUV) and the Ntaya serocomplex (TMUV and BAGV/ITV). Notably, they share transmission route (mosquito bite) and reservoir host type (wild birds), and some of them co-circulate in the same areas, infecting overlapping mosquito and avian population. This may simplify epidemiological surveillance, since it allows the detection of different infections targeting the same population, but also represents a challenge, as the diagnostic tools applied need to detect the whole range of flaviviruses surveyed, and correctly differentiate between these closely related pathogens. To this aim, a duplex real-time RT-PCR (dRRT-PCR) method has been developed for the simultaneous and differential detection of JE and Ntaya flavivirus serocomplexes. The method has been standardized and evaluated by analyzing a panel of 49 flaviviral and non-flaviviral isolates, and clinical samples of different bird species obtained from experimental infections or from the field, proving its value for virus detection in apparently healthy or suspicious animals. This new dRRT-PCR technique is a reliable, specific and highly sensitive tool for rapid detection and differentiation of JE and Ntaya flavivirus groups in either domestic or wild animals. This novel method can be implemented in animal virology diagnostic laboratories as screening tool in routine surveillance and in the event of bird encephalitis emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Elizalde
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Cristina Cano-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Francisco Llorente
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Elisa Pérez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Laia Casades-Martí
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), SaBio Group, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), SaBio Group, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain.,Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jovita Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang B, Xiao Y, Tang S, Wu J. Modelling weekly vector control against Dengue in the Guangdong Province of China. J Theor Biol 2016; 410:65-76. [PMID: 27650706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We develop a mathematical model to closely mimic the integrated program of impulsive vector control (every Friday afternoon since the initiation of the program) and continuous patient treatment and isolation implemented in the Guangdong Province of China during its 2014 dengue outbreak. We fitted the data of accumulated infections and used the parameterized model to carry out a retrospective analysis to estimate the basic reproduction number 1.7425 (95% CI 1.4443-2.0408), the control reproduction number 0.1709, and the mosquito-killing ratios 0.1978, 0.2987, 0.6158 and 0.5571 on October 3, 10, 17 and 24, respectively. This suggests that integrated intervention is highly effective in controlling the dengue outbreak. We also simulated outbreak outcomes under different variations of the implemented interventions. We showed that skipping one Friday for vector control would not result in raising the control reproduction number to the threshold value 1 but would lead to significant increase in the accumulated infections at the end of the outbreak. The findings indicate that quick and persistent impulsive implementation of vector control result in an effective reduction in the control reproduction number and hence lead to significant decline of new infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Centre for Disease Modelling, York Institute for Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Sanyi Tang
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, York Institute for Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andraud M, Hens N, Marais C, Beutels P. Dynamic epidemiological models for dengue transmission: a systematic review of structural approaches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49085. [PMID: 23139836 PMCID: PMC3490912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne disease recognized as the major arbovirose with four immunologically distant dengue serotypes coexisting in many endemic areas. Several mathematical models have been developed to understand the transmission dynamics of dengue, including the role of cross-reactive antibodies for the four different dengue serotypes. We aimed to review deterministic models of dengue transmission, in order to summarize the evolution of insights for, and provided by, such models, and to identify important characteristics for future model development. We identified relevant publications using PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge, focusing on mathematical deterministic models of dengue transmission. Model assumptions were systematically extracted from each reviewed model structure, and were linked with their underlying epidemiological concepts. After defining common terms in vector-borne disease modelling, we generally categorised fourty-two published models of interest into single serotype and multiserotype models. The multi-serotype models assumed either vector-host or direct host-to-host transmission (ignoring the vector component). For each approach, we discussed the underlying structural and parameter assumptions, threshold behaviour and the projected impact of interventions. In view of the expected availability of dengue vaccines, modelling approaches will increasingly focus on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of vaccination options. For this purpose, the level of representation of the vector and host populations seems pivotal. Since vector-host transmission models would be required for projections of combined vaccination and vector control interventions, we advocate their use as most relevant to advice health policy in the future. The limited understanding of the factors which influence dengue transmission as well as limited data availability remain important concerns when applying dengue models to real-world decision problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Andraud
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omatsu T, Moi ML, Takasaki T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Tajima S, Ito M, Yoshida T, Saito A, Akari H, Kurane I. Changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) after inoculation with dengue virus. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:289-96. [PMID: 22775469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marmosets are susceptible to dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, blood parameter data and clinical signs of DENV-infected marmosets are limited. METHODS Blood hematological and serum biochemical values were obtained from twelve DENV-inoculated and four mock-infected marmosets. Additionally, body temperature and activity level were determined. RESULTS Five DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated thrombocytopenia, nine demonstrated leucopenia, and five demonstrated an increase in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and BUN. Additionally, seven DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated clinical signs including fever and decreases in activity. None of the four mock-inoculated marmosets demonstrated changes in either hematological or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Marmosets inoculated with DENV exhibited clinical signs and changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that blood parameter data and clinical signs could potentially be useful markers for understanding the progress of DENV infection in studies using marmosets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Omatsu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su MW, Yuan HS, Chu WC. Recombination in the nonstructural gene region in type 2 dengue viruses. Intervirology 2011; 55:225-30. [PMID: 21821995 DOI: 10.1159/000327786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the rising prevalence of dengue virus and mixing of host and vector populations, complete full-length sequence determination of dengue strains isolated from different epidemic areas is important for the study of virus evolution, pathogenicity, vaccine efficiency and diagnosis. Based on the genomic analysis of 51 complete dengue virus sequences, all of which cocirculated in Thailand between 1974 and 2001, we report here the occurrence of homologous recombination in the NS5 nonstructural gene region of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) strains. In order to analyze those 51 virus sequences at one time, we chose to use a highly sensitive recombination detection program called RDP. When RDP detects a possible recombination event, further bootscanning and phylogenetic tree analyses are applied to these candidate sequences to identify this recombination event. We found that within the DENV-2 subfamily, the strain ThNH63/93 is the evolutionary product of a recombination event between ThNH62/93 and ThD2_0284_90 strains. The strain ThNH62/93 was identified as the major parent, while the strain ThD2_0284_90 was the minor parent. The recombination site was determined to localize between positions 7967 (± 36 nt) and 8283 (± 36 nt) with a significance level of p < 0.001. Our results showed, for the first time, that an intraserotype recombination event occurred between DENV-2 strains in the nonstructural gene region; by contrast, an interserotype recombination between different serotypes of dengue strains was not identified. This study thus supports the theory that homologous recombination plays a key role in dengue virus evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei Su
- Institutes of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jitendra S, Vinay R. Structure based drug designing of a novel antiflaviviral inhibitor for nonstructural 3 protein. Bioinformation 2011; 6:57-60. [PMID: 21544165 PMCID: PMC3082862 DOI: 10.6026/97320630006057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Literature shows that Flaviviruses cause a variety of diseases, including fevers, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fevers. NS3 is a multifunctional protein with an Nterminal protease domain (NS3pro) that is responsible for proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein, and a C-terminal region that contains an RNA triphosphatase, RNA helicase and RNA-stimulated NTPase domain that are essential for RNA replication. Therefore, NS3 protein is the preferential choice for inhibition to stop the proteolytic processing. Hence, the 3D structure of NS3 protein was modeled using homology modeling by MODELLER 9v7. Evaluation of the constructed NS3 protein models were done by PROCHECK, VERYFY3D and through ProSA calculations. Ligands for the catalytic triad were designed using LIGBUILDER. The NS3 protein's catalytic triad was explored to find out the critical interactions pattern for inhibitor binding using molecular docking methodology using AUTODOCK Vina. It should be noted that these predicted data should be validated using suitable assays for further consideration. ABBREVIATIONS DOPE - Discrete optimized protein energy, WHO - World Health Organization, ADME/T - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Singh Jitendra
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai- 600 116, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ito M, Yamada KI, Takasaki T, Pandey B, Nerome R, Tajima S, Morita K, Kurane I. Phylogenetic analysis of dengue viruses isolated from imported dengue patients: possible aid for determining the countries where infections occurred. J Travel Med 2007; 14:233-44. [PMID: 17617845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular epidemiology of dengue viruses in endemic countries have been reported, but few were reported on the imported dengue cases among travelers. We analyzed dengue viruses isolated from imported dengue cases in Japan who were infected while traveling in endemic regions of the world. METHOD We sequenced the complete envelope (E) gene of 33 dengue virus strains isolated from patients returning from Asia, Oceania, South Pacific islands, and South America to Japan where no domestic dengue virus infection occurs. We then performed phylogenetic analysis to define the geographic origin of isolated viruses. Moreover, we compared the genomes of isolated dengue viruses with those of the strains already deposited in the GenBank database. RESULT The isolates are clustered into expected genotypes, confirming that the viruses originated from the visited countries. When patients visited more than one country during a single trip, the countries where the infection occurred were also determined for four of the six patients. There were three isolates, which were different genotypes from those previously isolated in visited countries. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that many dengue virus strains are introduced into Japan and that phylogenic analysis of isolated dengue viruses is a unique technique to determine the countries where infection occurred. Travelers carry viruses and provide important and unique information for clarifying dengue virus trait and its dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ito
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalopathies constitute a broad range of infectious diseases affecting the brain and other parts of the CNS. The causative agents are both viral and bacterial. This review focuses on the current most important tick-borne human diseases: tick-borne encephalitis (TBE; including Powassan encephalitis) and Lyme borreliosis. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and Colorado tick fever (CTF), less common tick-borne diseases associated with encephalopathy, are also discussed. TBE is the most important flaviviral infection of the CNS in Europe and Russia, with 10 000-12 000 people diagnosed annually. The lethality of TBE in Europe is 0.5% and a post-encephalitic syndrome is seen in over 40% of affected patients, often producing a pronounced impairment in quality of life. There is no specific treatment for TBE. Two vaccines are available to prevent infection. Although these have a good protection rate and good efficacy, there are few data on long-term immunity. Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in Europe and North America, with >50 000 cases annually. Localised early disease can be treated with oral phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), doxycycline or amoxicillin. The later manifestations of meningitis, arthritis or acrodermatitis can be treated with oral doxycycline, oral amoxicillin or intravenous ceftriaxone; intravenous benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) or cefotaxime can be used as alternatives. The current use of vaccines against Lyme borreliosis in North America is under discussion, as the LYMErix vaccine has been withdrawn from the market because of possible adverse effects, for example, arthritis. RMSF and CTF appear only in North America. RMSF is an important rickettsial disease and is effectively treated with doxycycline. There is no treatment or preventative measure available for CTF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Göran Günther
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Gibbons
- Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|