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Toomer OT, Redhead AK, Vu TC, Santos F, Malheiros R, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. The effect of peanut skins as a natural antimicrobial feed additive on ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens inoculated with Salmonella enterica Enteritidis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104159. [PMID: 39153270 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of poultry products contaminated with Salmonella species is one of the most common causes of Salmonella infections. In vivo studies demonstrated the potential application of peanut skins (PS) as an antimicrobial poultry feed additive to help mitigate the proliferation of Salmonella in poultry environments. Tons of PS, a waste by-product of the peanut industry, are generated and disposed in U.S. landfills annually. Peanut skins and extracts have been shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence, we aimed to determine the effect of PS as a feed additive on the gut microbiota of broilers fed a control or PS supplemented (4% inclusion) diet and inoculated with or without Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE). At hatch 160 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: 1) CON-control diet without SE, 2) PS-PS diet without SE, 3) CONSE-control diet with SE, 4) PSSE-PS diet with SE. On d 3, birds from CONSE and PSSE treatments were inoculated with 4.2 × 109 CFU/mL SE. At termination (4 wk), 10 birds/treatment were euthanized and ileal and cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA analysis using standard methodologies. Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2. No effect of PS or SE was observed on ileal alpha and beta diversity, while evenness, richness, number of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) and Shannon, as well as beta diversity were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in ceca. Similarly, more differentially abundant taxa between treatment groups were identified in ceca than in ileum. However, more microbiota functional changes, based on the PICRUST2 prediction, were observed in ileum. Overall, relatively minor changes in microbiota were observed during SE infection and PS treatment, suggesting that PS addition may not attenuate the SE proliferation, as shown previously, through modulation of microbiota in gastrointestinal tract. However, while further studies are warranted, these results suggest that PS may potentially serve as a functional feed additive for poultry for improvement of animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Adam K Redhead
- Math and Science Department, Andrew College, Cuthbert, GA 39840, USA
| | - Thien C Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Fernanda Santos
- Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Dept., NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Balaji L, Manoharan H, Prabhakaran N. An Atypical Pathogen at an Atypical Location: A Rare Case of Salmonella-Associated Submandibular Abscess. Cureus 2024; 16:e66026. [PMID: 39221369 PMCID: PMC11366305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections commonly cause gastroenteritis and enteric fever but can also result in extraintestinal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Although rare, Salmonella infection in the head and neck region was found to be more common in diabetics and patients with malignancy. We present a unique case of a 52-year-old immunocompromised man with uncontrolled diabetes who developed a submandibular abscess due to Salmonella Paratyphi B. The patient initially presented with pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing, which worsened over a week. Diagnostic imaging revealed a well-defined abscess with lymphadenopathy. Management included incision and drainage, followed by identification of Salmonella Paratyphi B and targeted antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity analysis. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, appropriate diagnostic imaging, and targeted antimicrobial therapy in managing uncommon manifestations of Salmonella infection in the head and neck. Continued vigilance and multidisciplinary management are essential for favorable patient outcomes in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Balaji
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Harish Manoharan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Neelusree Prabhakaran
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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3
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Lu Y, Guo X, Xu F, Wang F, Wu H, Bai Y, Li W, Zhang G, Yuan J, Pang Q. Protective effects of puerarin on liver tissue in Salmonella-infected chicks: a proteomic analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103281. [PMID: 37992616 PMCID: PMC10700392 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacterium that not only causes serious economic losses to the livestock and poultry industries but also seriously endangers human health. Long-term indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance in Salmonella, and thus the identification of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial. In this study, the effects of puerarin on the S. enterica-infected chickens were investigated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly assigned as the control group (CON), the S. enterica group (S), and puerarin-treatment group (P). Chicks in the P group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 200 (P200), and 400 (P400) mg/kg puerarin, respectively. It was found that puerarin treatment markedly altered the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) contents in the serum. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, Bcl-2, and caspase-8 in the livers of S. enterica-infected chicks was increased after infection but significantly reduced after treatment with puerarin. Histologic analysis showed that puerarin effectively mitigated morphological damage in the liver caused by S. enterica. Proteomic analysis revealed that S. enterica infection led to metabolic disorders in the liver, resulting in oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and significantly elevated levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers. The findings of the filtered sequencing were verified by using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Treatment with 100 mg/mL puerarin thus effectively alleviated disordered liver metabolism, reduced inflammation and oxidative damage and significantly reduced the levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers in the liver. The results suggest that puerarin has the potential to replace antibiotics to control Salmonella infection in poultry and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengge Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Hongsong Wu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yongjiang Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Jinbao Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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4
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Lu Y, Ge S, Zhang H, Lu W, Bao X, Pan S, Pang Q. Metabolomic and microbiome analysis of the protective effects of Puerarin against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in chicks. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:242. [PMID: 37990191 PMCID: PMC10664526 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Enteritidis is a zoonotic pathogen and poses a substantial risk to human health, as well as significant financial losses to the livestock and poultry industries. It is currently urgent to identify alternatives to antibiotic treatment. RESULTS In this study, we explored the influence of Puerarin on the immunological response, intestinal flora, serum metabolome, and growth performance of chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Chicks were weighed at specific time points and the average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. Serum, intestinal, and cecal content samples were collected on days 10 and 17. The results showed that 100 mg/kg of Puerarin significantly suppressed inflammation and enhanced immune function. Metabolomic analysis showed significant differences in serum metabolites after Puerarin treatment and suggested that Puerarin may regulate abnormal amino acid and lipid metabolism after Salmonella Enteritidis infection through the autophagic and ABC transporter pathways. In addition, Puerarin suppressed Salmonella Enteritidis-induced intestinal flora dysbiosis through modulation of the microbial community structures (increased Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum), as demonstrated by 16S rRNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Puerarin can improve growth performance in chicks, suppress the inflammatory response in vivo, enhance immunity, and regulate lipid and amino acid metabolism and the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Shihao Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangli Bao
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Shiling Pan
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Myers M, Ruxton CHS. Eggs: Healthy or Risky? A Review of Evidence from High Quality Studies on Hen's Eggs. Nutrients 2023; 15:2657. [PMID: 37375561 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hen's eggs (from Gallus gallus domesticus) provide choline, folate, vitamin D, iodine, B vitamins and high-quality protein and are no longer viewed by national bodies as a risk factor for hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, questions remain about the benefits and risks of eating eggs regularly. This review evaluates recent high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of observational studies and considers new areas of interest, such as weight management, protein metabolism, allergy risk and sustainability. In several RCT, eggs increased muscle protein synthesis and lowered fat mass, which could support optimal body composition. Eggs within a meal improved satiety, which could translate into lower energy intakes, although more RCT are needed. In observational studies, higher egg consumption was associated with a null effect or a modest reduced risk of CVD. For type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and risk of CVD in people with T2D, there were inconsistencies between observational and RCT data, with the former noting positive associations and the latter seeing no effect of higher egg intake on markers of T2D and CVD. Sustainability metrics suggest that eggs have the lowest planetary impact amongst animal proteins. To lower allergy risk, earlier introduction of eggs into weaning diets is warranted. In conclusion, the balance of evidence points to eggs being a nutritious food suggesting there are broad health benefits from including eggs in the diet at intakes higher than that currently consumed by European populations.
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Genomic Epidemiology and Multilevel Genome Typing of Australian Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0301422. [PMID: 36625638 PMCID: PMC9927265 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of salmonellosis in Australia. In this study, a total of 568 S. Enteritidis isolates from two Australian states across two consecutive years were analyzed and compared to international strains, using the S. Enteritidis multilevel genome typing (MGT) database, which contained 40,390 publicly available genomes from 99 countries. The Australian S. Enteritidis isolates were divided into three phylogenetic clades (A, B, and C). Clades A and C represented 16.4% and 3.5% of the total isolates, respectively, and were of local origin. Clade B accounted for 80.1% of the isolates which belonged to seven previously defined lineages but was dominated by the global epidemic lineage. At the MGT5 level, three out of five top sequence types (STs) in Australia were also top STs in Asia, suggesting that a fair proportion of Australian S. Enteritidis cases may be epidemiologically linked with Asian strains. In 2018, a large egg-associated local outbreak was caused by a recently defined clade B lineage prevalent in Europe and was closely related, but not directly linked, to three European isolates. Additionally, over half (54.8%) of predicted multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates belonged to 10 MDR-associated MGT-STs, which were also frequent in Asian S. Enteritidis . Overall, this study investigated the genomic epidemiology of S. Enteritidis in Australia, including the first large local outbreak, using MGT. The open MGT platform enables a standardized and sharable nomenclature that can be effectively applied to public health for unified surveillance of S. Enteritidis nationally and globally. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a leading cause of foodborne infections. We previously developed a genomic typing database (MGTdb) for S. Enteritidis to facilitate global surveillance of this pathogen. In this study, we examined the genomic features of Australian S. Enteritidis using the MGTdb and found that Australian S. Enteritidis is mainly epidemiologically linked with Asian strains (especially strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes), followed by European strains. The first large-scale egg-associated local outbreak in Australia was caused by a recently defined lineage prevalent in Europe, and three European isolates in the MGTdb were closely related but not directly linked to this outbreak. In summary, the S. Enteritidis MGTdb open platform is shown to be a potentially powerful tool for national and global public health surveillance of this pathogen.
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Konishi N, Obata H, Yokoyama K, Sadamasu K, Kai A. Comparison of the Serovars and Characteristics of Salmonella Isolated from Human Feces and Foods in the 1990s and 2010s in Tokyo. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:14-19. [PMID: 36047177 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella foodborne disease outbreaks have markedly decreased in recent years, and different Salmonella serovars have been isolated. To clarify the characteristics of Salmonella strains causing annual epidemics and to estimate the source, we conducted a serotyping test on 1,132 human-derived Salmonella isolates in the 1990s and 2010s, and 1,061 food-derived Salmonella isolates in the 2010s in Tokyo. The serovars commonly isolated from human feces in the 1990s and after 2012 were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Thompson, and S. Agona. The new main serovars isolated after 2012 were S. Schwarzengrund, S. Enterica serovar 4:i:-, and S. Chester. In contrast, the main serovars detected from foods after 2012 were S. Infantis, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Agona, S. Manhattan, S. Typhimurium, and S. enterica serovar UT: r:1,5. S. Schwarzengrund has recently been frequently isolated. These strains were mainly isolated from chicken meat and offal. It was suggested that the same serovars of human-derived isolates were also isolated from foods, especially chicken meat and offal, and that these were recently an important causative food of Salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Hiromi Obata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Keiko Yokoyama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Akemi Kai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
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Kipper D, Mascitti AK, De Carli S, Carneiro AM, Streck AF, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil. Vet Sci 2022; 9:405. [PMID: 36006320 PMCID: PMC9415136 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infects poultry, and it is also a human foodborne pathogen. This bacterial genus is classified into several serovars/lineages, some of them showing high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ease of Salmonella transmission in farms, slaughterhouses, and eggs industries has made controlling it a real challenge in the poultry-production chains. This review describes the emergence, dissemination, and AMR of the main Salmonella serovars and lineages detected in Brazilian poultry. It is reported that few serovars emerged and have been more widely disseminated in breeders, broilers, and layers in the last 70 years. Salmonella Gallinarum was the first to spread on the farms, remaining as a concerning poultry pathogen. Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis were also largely detected in poultry and foods (eggs, chicken, turkey), being associated with several human foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella Heidelberg and Minnesota have been more widely spread in recent years, resulting in frequent chicken/turkey meat contamination. A few more serovars (Infantis, Newport, Hadar, Senftenberg, Schwarzengrund, and Mbandaka, among others) were also detected, but less frequently and usually in specific poultry-production regions. AMR has been identified in most isolates, highlighting multi-drug resistance in specific poultry lineages from the serovars Typhimurium, Heidelberg, and Minnesota. Epidemiological studies are necessary to trace and control this pathogen in Brazilian commercial poultry production chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diéssy Kipper
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Andréa Karoline Mascitti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Andressa Matos Carneiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.S.K.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.S.K.F.); (N.I.)
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Lin CS, Lu TL, Chen YA, Yu HY, Wu CY, Yang WY. Safety of bivalent live attenuated Salmonella vaccine and its protection against bacterial shedding and tissue invasion in layers challenged with Salmonella. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101943. [PMID: 35679678 PMCID: PMC9189190 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella infection was one of the predominant foodborne illnesses in humans. The medical burden and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellosis gained importance in public health and requested the poultry industry to seek effective measures to control the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a commercial bivalent live attenuated vaccine (AviPro Salmonella DUO) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and field layers. It explored its safety and efficacy against medically important strains, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and S. Typhimurium (ST). The results demonstrated that ten vaccine doses in SPF chickens and regular doses in commercial layers showed desirable safety without affecting chicken health. Vaccinated layers demonstrated lower flock mortality and higher egg production performance than the unvaccinated layers during the raising and egg production periods. Additionally, no visceral colonization and egg contaminations were detected. Cloacal shedding of vaccine strains was noted, but the colonization of Salmonella disappeared within four weeks of the last vaccination. Regarding vaccine efficacy, one dose significantly reduced Salmonella cloacal shedding (P = 0.037 for SE and P = 0.027 for ST) and viable cell counts (P = 0.003 for SE and ST) on day 7 post the challenges. Significantly low Salmonella loads of cloacal samples on day 14 after the challenges were also determined in the vaccinated group (P = 0.006 for SE; P = 0.041 for ST). Triple immunizations effectively prevented layers from the cloacal shedding on either day 7 or day 14 post Salmonella challenges. Total viable counts of SE and ST in tissues of vaccinated layers were also reduced on day 14 after the challenges (P = 0.026 for SE; P = 0.002 for ST). To conclude, one dose of vaccine exhibited inhibitory effects on Salmonella shedding and tissue invasions in young layers. Following the regimen of triple vaccinations, Salmonella shedding was completely inhibited, and tissue invasions were significantly reduced. Incorporating this vaccine into a comprehensive Salmonella control program is promising to protect layers from the risks of contaminating the flocks and egg products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Elanco (Taiwan) Animal Health Co., Ltd. 9F, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yu
- Elanco (Taiwan) Animal Health Co., Ltd. 9F, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yi Wu
- Elanco (Taiwan) Animal Health Co., Ltd. 9F, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
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10
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Guard J. Through the Looking Glass: Genome, Phenome, and Interactome of Salmonella enterica. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050581. [PMID: 35631102 PMCID: PMC9144603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review revisits previous concepts on biological phenomenon contributing to the success of the Salmonella enterica subspecies I as a pathogen and expands upon them to include progress in epidemiology based on whole genome sequencing (WGS). Discussion goes beyond epidemiological uses of WGS to consider how phenotype, which is the biological character of an organism, can be correlated with its genotype to develop a knowledge of the interactome. Deciphering genome interactions with proteins, the impact of metabolic flux, epigenetic modifications, and other complex biochemical processes will lead to new therapeutics, control measures, environmental remediations, and improved design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guard
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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11
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Kang X, Huang T, Shen H, Meng C, Jiao X, Pan Z. Salmonella Enteritidis Subunit Vaccine Candidate Based on SseB Protein Co-Delivered with Simvastatin as Adjuvant. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040443. [PMID: 35456118 PMCID: PMC9027336 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can lead to diarrhea and systemic infections in humans and mortality in animals. This is a major public health issue worldwide. Safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed to control and prevent Salmonella infection. Subunit vaccines are safe and provide targeted protection against Salmonella spp. Here, we developed and evaluated an S. Enteritidis subunit vaccine candidate, the rHis-SseB adjuvant with simvastatin. We amplified the SseB gene from S. Enteritidis C50041 genomic DNA and expressed the recombinant proteins rHis-SseB and rGST-SseB using the Escherichia coli system. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity of recombinant proteins rHis-SseB and rGST-SseB with antisera against Salmonella Enteritidis C50041. In a mouse model of intramuscular vaccination, co-immunization with rHis-SseB and simvastatin significantly enhanced both the SseB-specific antibody titer in serum (humoral immune response) and splenic lymphocyte proliferation (cellular immune response). Co-immunization with rHis-SseB and simvastatin provided 60% protection against subsequent challenge with the S. Enteritidis C50041 strain and decreased bacterial colonization in the liver and spleen. These findings provide a basis for the development of an S. Enteritidis subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huanhuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.P.)
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Mihajilov-Krstev T, Joković N, Tamindžija D, Tamaš I, Stanković N, Stojanović-Radić Z, Volarić A, Radnović D. Decontamination of Salmonella enterica spp. on shell eggs by Allium cepa L. dry scales extracts. KRAGUJEVAC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjsci2244127m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are a major global diarrheal diseases agent and are commonly found in a variety of foods. However, eggs appear to be one of the most important sources of infection ultimately leading to salmonellosis. Here we investigate a potential utilization of onion (Allium cepa L.) dry scales extracts and decoction for disinfection of eggshells contaminated with Salmonella enterica spp. Antimicrobial activity was screened by a microplate dilution method against 32 environmental and 1 reference Salmonella strains, at 106 and 103 CFU/ml starting cell concentration. Also, the efficacy of egg submersion treatment was tested. At high contamination level of 106 Salmonella cells per ml, extracts exhibited MIC and MBC values in the range of 0.08-2.50 mg/ml and 0.31-10.0 mg/ml, respectively. Ethanol extract had the most potent antibacterial activity followed by methanol, ethyl-acetate and acetone extracts. Pure decoction had MIC and MBC in the range of 250-500 mg/ml. When testing a lower level of contamination (103 CFU/ml) which is more similar to real life levels, MIC and MBCs were 8 to 14 times lower. Submersion of artificially contaminated eggs in ethanol extracts and decoctions resulted in the complete elimination of Salmonella after 8 minutes of exposure. Thus, a reduction of a minimum of 3.71 log units was achieved during the 8 minutes of treatment. Having in mind natural levels of Salmonella eggshell counts are far lower it can be implied that such treatment could be highly effective in practical application. Results show that tested onion dry scale decontamination solutions are an efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly options for eggshell decontamination, and are especially promising for use in organic egg production.
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Genotypic correlation between Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from broiler breeders and hatchery flocks. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from dust and environmental materials from different flocks located in Turkey’s Western Black Sea region were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 59 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler breeder and hatchery flocks, and one S. Enteritidis strain isolated from a stool sample of a farm worker were examined. PFGE analysis revealed two major PFGE groups and nine different macro restriction profiles. It was determined that 85% (51/60) of the strains were close to each other and comprised Group I. All S. Enteritidis strains had the same sequence type (ST): ST11. Isolation of strains with a single genotype suggests that there may be a cross transmission between the flocks.
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Sher AA, Mustafa BE, Grady SC, Gardiner JC, Saeed AM. Outbreaks of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis in the United States between 1990 and 2015: An analysis of epidemiological and spatial-temporal trends. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Crouch CF, Pugh C, Patel A, Brink H, Wharmby C, Watts A, van Hulten MCW, de Vries SPW. Reduction in intestinal colonization and invasion of internal organs after challenge by homologous and heterologous serovars of Salmonella enterica following vaccination of chickens with a novel trivalent inactivated Salmonella vaccine. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:666-677. [PMID: 32907345 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel inactivated vaccine, comprising three serovars of Salmonella enterica (Enteritidis, serogroup O:9; Typhimurium, serogroup O:4; Infantis, serogroup O:7) grown under conditions of iron restriction and adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide, was evaluated for efficacy following challenge by homologous and heterologous serovars. Chickens were vaccinated at 6 and 10 weeks of age by the intramuscular route and challenged 4 to 9 weeks after the second vaccination with serovars belonging to serogroup O:9 (Enteritidis), O:4 (Typhimurium and Heidelberg), O:7 (Infantis and Virchow), and O:8 (Hadar). All vaccinated birds produced a marked systemic antibody response against each of the component vaccine antigens by the time of challenge. Significant reductions in both colonization of the intestinal tract and invasion of internal organs were observed in vaccinated birds compared with non-vaccinated controls, irrespective of the challenge serovar. The findings suggest that broad serovar protection within the constitutive serogroups of an inactivated multi-valent vaccine is possible and could, therefore, play an important role in future Salmonella control programmes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Novel inactivated trivalent Salmonella chicken vaccine was developed and tested. Vaccine induced marked systemic antibody response against all vaccine antigens. Significant reductions in intestinal tract colonization and internal organ invasion. Vaccine efficacy demonstrated against homologous and heterologous serovars.
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Campioni F, Gomes CN, Rodrigues DDP, Bergamini AMM, Falcão JP. Phenotypic analyses of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains isolated in the pre- and post-epidemic period in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:173-183. [PMID: 33107010 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis has caused, since the 1980s, a sustained epidemic of human infections in many countries. This study analyzed S. Enteritidis strains isolated before and after the epidemic period in Brazil regarding their capacities to survive to acid, oxidative, and high-temperature stresses, and capacity to grow in egg albumen. Moreover, the ability to invade human epithelial cells (Caco-2) and to survive inside human (U937) and chicken (HD11) macrophages was checked. Post-epidemic strains showed a better ability to survive after 10 min under acid stress at 37 °C (P ≤ 0.05). However, both groups of strains showed similar ability to survive after 1 h under acid stress at 37 °C and at 42 °C independently of the time of exposure. Similar ability was verified in both groups of strains regarding oxidative stress, growth in egg albumen, high-temperature stress, invasion to Caco-2 cells, and invasion and survival in macrophages. In conclusion, post-epidemic S. Enteritidis strains showed a better ability to survive under the acid stress found in the stomach, which might be an advantage to reach the intestine and colonize chickens and humans. However, both groups of strains did not differ significantly in the majority of the phenotypic tests analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Alzira Maria Morato Bergamini
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Centro de Laboratórios Regionais - Ribeirão Preto VI, Rua Minas 877, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14085-410, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Sokoudjou JB, Atolani O, Njateng GSS, Khan A, Tagousop CN, Bitombo AN, Kodjio N, Gatsing D. Isolation, characterization and in vitro anti-salmonellal activity of compounds from stem bark extract of Canarium schweinfurthii. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:316. [PMID: 33076876 PMCID: PMC7574196 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus are major concern for health, as they are widely reported in many cases of food poisoning. The use of antibiotics remains a main stream control strategy for avian salmonellosis as well as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in humans. Due to the growing awareness about drug resistance and toxicities, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged in many countries whilst advocating potent benign alternatives such as phyto-based medicine. The objective of this work was to isolate, characterise the bioactive compounds of Canarium schweinfurthii; and evaluate their anti-salmonellal activity. METHODS The hydro-ethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii was fractionated and tested for their anti-salmonellal activity. The most active fractions (i.e. chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions) were then explored for their phytochemical constituents. Fractionation on normal phase silica gel column chromatography and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 led to the isolation of four compounds (maniladiol, scopoletin, ethyl gallate and gallic acid) reported for the first time in Canarium schweinfurthii. RESULTS Result indicated that scopoletin and gallic acid had greater activity than the crude extracts and partition fractions. Among the isolated compounds, scopoletin showed the highest inhibitory activity with a MIC of 16 μg/ml against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. CONCLUSIONS The overall results of this study indicates that the hydro-ethanolic extract as well as some of isolated compounds have interesting anti-salmonellal activities that could be further explored for the development of potent therapy for salmonellosis. Furthermore, the study adds credence to the folkloric applications of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Afsar Khan
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cyrille Ngoufack Tagousop
- Department of Basic Scientific Studies, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P.O.Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - André Nehemie Bitombo
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Kodjio
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Gatsing
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Jiao Y, Zhang YG, Lin Z, Lu R, Xia Y, Meng C, Pan Z, Xu X, Jiao X, Sun J. Salmonella Enteritidis Effector AvrA Suppresses Autophagy by Reducing Beclin-1 Protein. Front Immunol 2020; 11:686. [PMID: 32362899 PMCID: PMC7181453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process to clear pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E) has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens. However, major studies still focus on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here, we reported that AvrA, a S. Enteritidis effector, inhibited autophagy to promote bacterial survival in the host. We found that AvrA regulates the conversion of LC3 I into LC3 II and the enrichment of lysosomes. Beclin-1, a key molecular regulator of autophagy, was decreased after AvrA expressed strain colonization. In S.E-AvrA--infected cells, we found the increases of protein levels of p-JNK and p-c-Jun and the transcription level of AP-1. AvrA-reduction of Beclin-1 protein expression is through the JNK pathway. The JNK inhibitor abolished the AvrA-reduced Beclin-1 protein expression. Moreover, we identified that the AvrA mutation C186A abolished its regulation of Beclin-1 expression. In addition AvrA protein was found interacted with Beclin-1. In organoids and infected mice, we explored the physiologically related effects and mechanism of AvrA in reducing Beclin-1 through the JNK pathway, thus attenuating autophagic responses. This finding not only indicates an important role of S. Enteritidis effector in reducing host protein as a strategy to suppress autophagy, but also suggests manipulating autophagy as a new strategy to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yong-guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chuang Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhimin Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Mollo B, Hobson CA, Le Hello S, Azria E, Le Monnier A, Pilmis B, Mizrahi A. Intrauterine infection caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella: a literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:4000-4004. [PMID: 31851562 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1702950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Although nontyphoidal Salmonella infections have a prevalence of 0.2-1.8%. It is mostly described in veterinary medicine; it could be responsible for severe intra-amniotic infections in humans. The objective of this review is to describe the clinical and microbiological aspects of intrauterine infection (IUI) caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella.Methods: We reported a case analysis and subsequently conducted a systematic literature review of IUI caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella between 1966 and 2018.Results: In literature nine cases have been reported, and were confirmed by the identification of a nontyphoidal Salmonella in the biological samples. Our review reveals severe clinical presentations in pregnant women. Indeed, sepsis, spontaneous abortions, and fatal outcomes for fetuses were described in 90, 60, and 80% of the cases, respectively. The major clinical symptoms were in majority acute, with high fever, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, and premature membranes ruptures. Nulliparity is a risk factor and the prognosis depends on the pregnancy stage. All mothers received antibiotics and their outcomes were favorable.Conclusions: Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections can be responsible for severe pregnancy complications. Considering the severe neonatal prognosis, in case of a history of diarrhea and/or sepsis, a search for this pathogen should be considered, and a preventive strategy could be discussed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Mollo
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Claire Amaris Hobson
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Centre National de Référence des E. coli, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elie Azria
- Maternité Notre Dame de Bon Secours, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Paris, France.,UMR1153 EPidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (EPOPé), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alban Le Monnier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France.,EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Pilmis
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Assaf Mizrahi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France.,EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
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Keerthirathne TP, Ross K, Fallowfield H, Whiley H. The Combined Effect of pH and Temperature on the Survival of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Implications for the Preparation of Raw Egg Mayonnaise. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040218. [PMID: 31689979 PMCID: PMC6963437 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw egg products are often associated with salmonellosis. The Australian guidelines recommend raw egg mayonnaise to be prepared and stored under 5 °C and adjusted to a pH less than 4.6 or 4.2. Despite these guidelines, a significant amount of salmonellosis outbreaks are recorded annually in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pH and temperature on the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) in peptone water (PW) and mayonnaise. The pH of PW and mayonnaise was adjusted to 4.2, 4.4 and 4.6 using acetic acid and vinegar, respectively. The PW and mayonnaise were inoculated with ST and incubated at 37 °C, 23 °C, and 4 °C. The survival of Salmonella was determined using the drop plate method. Survival was significantly (p < 0.05) improved at 4 °C. In both mayonnaise and PW, following 24 h, there was no ST growth at pH 4.2. Resuscitation of ST was rapidly observed at 4 °C while complete inactivation was observed at 37 °C at pH 4.2, 4.4, and 4.6 in both PW and mayonnaise. Lower temperatures protected ST from the bactericidal effect of low pH. “The preparation of mayonnaise at pH 4.2 or less and incubating it at room temperature for at least 24 h could reduce the incidence of salmonellosis”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne
- Environmental Health Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Kirstin Ross
- Environmental Health Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Howard Fallowfield
- Environmental Health Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Harriet Whiley
- Environmental Health Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
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Arreguin-Nava MA, Hernández-Patlán D, Solis-Cruz B, Latorre JD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Tellez G, El-Ashram S, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic Culture Candidates for the Treatment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Neonatal Turkey Poults. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090696. [PMID: 31533370 PMCID: PMC6770488 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic candidates on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) colonization was evaluated in two separate experiments. In each experiment, sixty-one day-of-hatch female turkey poults were obtained from a local hatchery. In both experiments, poults were challenged via oral gavage with 104 cfu/poult of SE and randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 30 poults): (1) the positive control group and (2) the probiotic treated group. Heated brooder batteries were used for housing each group separately and poults were allowed ad libitum access to water and unmedicated turkey starter feed. 1 h following the SE challenge, poults were treated with 106 cfu/poult of probiotic culture via oral gavage or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)to control groups. A total of 24 h post-treatment, poults were euthanized and the ceca and cecal tonsils from twenty poults were collected aseptically for SE recovery. In both trials, a significant reduction in the incidence and log10 cfu/g of SE were observed in poults treated with the probiotic when compared with control poults (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the administration of this lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB)-based probiotic 1 h after an SE challenge can be useful in reducing the cecal colonization of this pathogen in neonatal poults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hernández-Patlán
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México 54714, Mexico; (D.H.-P.); (B.S.-C.)
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México 54714, Mexico; (D.H.-P.); (B.S.-C.)
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Cd. de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China;
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Xie T, Wu G, He X, Lai Z, Zhang H, Zhao J. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica from eggs. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2847-2853. [PMID: 31572578 PMCID: PMC6766569 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne pathogen responsible for major global health problems such as paratyphoid fever and gastroenteritis. Here, we report the prevalence, antibiotic resistance phenotypes, serotypes, and molecular subtyping of Salmonella isolated from eggs in Guangdong, China. Out of 1,000 egg samples, 54 (5.40%) were positive. S. Enteritidis made up the largest proportion of samples with 11 serotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that most strains were resistant to β-lactam, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline antibiotics (27.00%-40.00%). There were 37 STs based on MLST typing. MLST and ERIC-PCR classified 54 isolates into three and five clusters, respectively, which revealed the genetic relatedness and diversity. In conclusion, frequent monitoring of eggs for Salmonella, antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic diversity is essential for improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xie
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Wu
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
| | - Xujun He
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
| | - Zengzhe Lai
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
| | - Huatong Zhang
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐engineering PolytechnicGuangzhouChina
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24
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Adhikari B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Solis-Cruz B, Kwon YM, Arreguin MA, Latorre JD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Bacillus-DFM (Norum™) in Broiler Chickens Infected With Salmonella Enteritidis. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:282. [PMID: 31508436 PMCID: PMC6718558 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictions of in-feed antibiotics use in poultry has pushed research toward finding appropriate alternatives such as Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM). In this study, previously tested Bacillus isolates (B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens) were used to evaluate their therapeutic and prophylactic effects against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in broiler chickens. For this purpose, initial antibacterial activity of Bacillus-DFM (104 spores/g or 106 spores/g) against S. Enteritidis colonization in crop, proventriculus and intestine was investigated using an in vitro digestive model. Furthermore, to evaluate therapeutic and prophylactic effects of Bacillus-DFM (104 spores/g) against S. Enteritidis colonization, altogether 60 (n = 30/group) and 30 (n = 15/group) 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to either DFM or control group (without Bacillus-DFM), respectively. Chickens were orally gavaged with 104 cfu of S. Enteritidis per chicken at 1-day old, and cecal tonsils (CT) and crop were collected 3 and 10 days later during the therapeutic study, whereas they were orally gavaged with 107 cfu of S. Enteritidis per chicken at 6-day-old, and CT and crop were collected 24 h later from two independent trials during the prophylactic study. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), FITC-d and intestinal IgA levels were reported for both chicken studies, in addition cecal microbiota analysis was performed during the therapeutic study. DFM significantly reduced S. Enteritidis concentration in the intestine compartment, and in both proventriculus and intestine compartments as compared to the control when used at 104 spores/g and 106 spores/g, respectively (p < 0.05). DFM significantly reduced FITC-d and IgA as well as SOD and IgA levels (p < 0.05) compared to the control in therapeutic and prophylactic studies, respectively. Interestingly, in the therapeutic study, there were significant differences in bacterial community structure and predicted metabolic pathways between DFM and control. Likewise, phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Proteus, and cc_115 were decreased, while the genus Streptococcus was enriched significantly in the DFM group as compared to the control (MetagenomeSeq, p < 0.05). Thus, the overall results suggest that the Bacillus-DFM can reduce S. Enteritidis colonization and improve the intestinal health in chickens through mechanism(s) that might involve the modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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25
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Phadke PS, Gandhi AR, More SA, Joshirao RP. Salmonella pyomyositis with concurrent sacroiliac osteomyelitis presenting as piriformis syndrome: A rare case. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:44-46. [PMID: 27779154 PMCID: PMC5394818 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.192799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A-21-year old male admitted with fever and piriformis syndrome, typically associated with gluteal region pain radiating down the thigh, was evaluated and found to have pyomyositis involving piriformis and osteomyelitis with sacroiliac joint affection on radiological imaging. Salmonella serotype typhi was isolated from blood culture. He was treated with intravenous Ceftriaxone for 6 weeks with signs of recovery documented clinically as well as on imaging studies. Salmonella pyomyositis with osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient with no previous hematological or endocrine disorder makes this case an unusual presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Phadke
- Department of Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A R Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S A More
- Department of Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - R P Joshirao
- Department of Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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26
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Firestone MJ, Hedberg CW. Restaurant Inspection Letter Grades and Salmonella Infections, New York, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2164-2168. [PMID: 30457518 PMCID: PMC6256380 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of Salmonella infection in the United States have not changed over the past 20 years. Restaurants are frequent settings for Salmonella outbreaks and sporadic infections. Few studies have examined the effect of posting letter grades for restaurant inspections on the incidence of foodborne illness. We compared Salmonella infection rates in New York, New York, USA (NYC), with those in the rest of New York state before and after implementation of a letter grade system for restaurant inspections in NYC. We calculated a segmented regression model for interrupted time series data. After implementation of letter grading, the rate of Salmonella infections decreased 5.3% per year in NYC versus the rest of New York state during 2011–2015, compared with the period before implementation, 2006–2010. Posting restaurant inspection results as letter grades at the point of service was associated with a decline in Salmonella infections in NYC and warrants consideration for broader use.
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Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01189-18. [PMID: 30381422 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01189-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes hospitalization and high morbidity and mortality. We linked Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) data to the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data set to study the trends and outcomes of NTS bacteremias in England between 2004 and 2015. All confirmed NTS isolates from blood from England submitted to GBRU between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 were deterministically linked to HES records. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), proportions, and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to describe differences in age, sex, antibiotic resistance patterns, and serotypes over time. Males, neonates, and adults above 65 years were more likely to have NTS bacteremia (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.67]; 2.57 [95% CI, 1.43 to 4.60]; and 3.56 [95% CI, 3.25 to 3.90], respectively). Proportions of bacteremia increased from 1.41% in 2004 to 2.67% in 2015. Thirty-four percent of all blood isolates were resistant to a first-line antibiotic, and 1,397 (56%) blood isolates were linked to an HES record. Of the patients with NTS bacteremia, 969 (69%) had a cardiovascular condition and 155 (12%) patients died, out of which 120 (77%) patients were age 65 years and above. NTS bacteremia mainly affects older people with comorbidities placing them at increased risk of prolonged hospital stay and death. Resistance of invasive NTS to first-line antimicrobial agents appeared to be stable in England, but the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin, requires careful monitoring.
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28
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De Leo R, Quartieri A, Haghighi H, Gigliano S, Bedin E, Pulvirenti A. Application of pectin‐alginate and pectin‐alginate‐laurolyl arginate ethyl coatings to eliminate
Salmonella enteritidis
cross contamination in egg shells. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo De Leo
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Andrea Quartieri
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Hossein Haghighi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Silvia Gigliano
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Elisa Bedin
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST‐SITEIAUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
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29
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Sudhaharan S, Kanne P, Vemu L, Bhaskara A. Extraintestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella from a tertiary care center in India. J Lab Physicians 2018; 10:401-405. [PMID: 30498311 PMCID: PMC6210840 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_79_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infection with Salmonella has become an increasing problem worldwide. Recently, nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) has become a global concern causing threat to the health of human. It causes gastrointestinal infection which may be self-limiting, but invasive infections may be fatal, requiring appropriate therapy. This study was done to analyze the spectrum of NTS infections causing extraintestinal infections and its susceptibility pattern from a tertiary care center in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 27 patients whose cultures were positive for NTS between the years 2013–2016 were included in this retrospective study. The relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 27 patients, predominant patients were in the age group of 20–30 years. The male to female ratio is 1.7:1. Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant NTS isolated among 15/27 (55.5%), followed by Salmonella enteritidis 4/27 (14.8%). 18/27 (66.6%) of NTS were isolated from blood. Nalidixic acid was sensitive in 2/15 of S. typhimurium, 2/4 of S. enteritidis and 1/3 of Salmonella weltevreden, while others are nalidixic acid-resistant implying resistance to quinolones. They were sensitive to other antibiotics reported. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the spectrum of NTS causing extraintestinal infections which is an emerging infection occurring mostly in immunosuppressed individuals. There should be a high degree of clinical suspicion which would help in the early diagnosis and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sudhaharan
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Kanne
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshmi Vemu
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aparna Bhaskara
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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30
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Jiao Y, Xia Z, Zhou X, Guo Y, Guo R, Kang X, Wu K, Sun J, Xu X, Jiao X, Pan Z, Liu X. Signature-tagged mutagenesis screening revealed the role of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene rfbH in smooth-to-rough transition in Salmonella Enteritidis. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:75-79. [PMID: 29853170 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) is a major cause of foodborne diseases for humans. The completeness of the O-chain antigen of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) determines whether a S. Enteritidis strain is smooth or rough. However, genes that are involved in the synthesis of LPS and rough-smooth variation are not completely understood. In this study, we used monoclonal antibody against O-antigens (O9 mAb) to identify novel factors that are involved in LPS synthesis and rough variation in S. Enteritidis by using signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) technique. Our results showed that transposon insertion in the gene rfbH led to different LPS phenotype, auto-aggregation characteristic, motility and resistance to environmental stress compared with SE wild-type strain C50041. In addition, sera tests showed that rfbH mutant does not elicit specific antibodies against O-antigens in vaccinated animals. Taken together, the S. Enteritidis rfbH gene is implicated in LPS biosynthesis, rough variation, sera distinguishable reaction, motility and stress resistance. The rfbH mutant strain could be potentially used as a distinguishable vaccine or a live vector to deliver drugs and antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zemiao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Rongxian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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31
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Denagamage TN, Jayarao BM, Wallner-Pendleton E, Patterson PH, Kariyawasam S. A Retrospective Study of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Commercial Layer Flocks. Avian Dis 2018; 61:330-334. [PMID: 28956999 DOI: 10.1637/11590-011817-regr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of shell eggs has been associated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections in humans in the United States. Because of this, the Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program (PEQAP) was developed and implemented in 1994. The PEQAP involves periodic flock testing and management practices to minimize SE contamination of shell eggs. Subsequently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) introduced a mandatory federal program in 2010 and 2012 for shell egg producers modeled closely after PEQAP to reduce the incidence and prevalence of SE during production, storage, and transport nationwide. In this study, a retrospective epidemiologic analysis was conducted by characterizing SE isolated from commercial layer environment samples and shell eggs submitted to the Animal Diagnostic Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University using phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of SE isolates from hen house environments and shell eggs and to optimize the existing protocols of egg quality assurance programs by identifying the best layer-house environmental sampling time points in order to minimize SE contamination of shell eggs. A total of 94 SE isolates from 65 hen flocks on 35 premises in Pennsylvania recovered during 2007 to 2015 were used in this study. The SE phage type 8 and PFGE fingerprint type JEGX01.0004 most commonly associated with human SE infection was also the predominant type present in layer-house environments and shell eggs. This reconfirms hen house environmental monitoring is an effective method to identify SE-infected flocks. Further, the PEQAP program allowed SE detection of infected flocks earlier than the FDA program as it included an additional environmental test at 29-31 wk of age, enabling the earlier prevention of SE-contaminated shell eggs going to the market. Therefore, it is recommended to refine the sampling time points of the current FDA Egg Rule by adding hen house environmental testing at 29-31 wk of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Denagamage
- A Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Bhushan M Jayarao
- A Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eva Wallner-Pendleton
- A Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Paul H Patterson
- B Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- A Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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32
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Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:687-702. [PMID: 27665007 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most predominant bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the risk of human infection associated with poultry products and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella also poses a significant challenge to commercial poultry production. During the last decade (2002 to 2012), the 12 most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) were frequently and consistently isolated from poultry products in the United States. These MPPSTs and their percent prevalence in poultry products include Kentucky (4%), Enteritidis (2%) Heidelberg (2%), Typhimurium (2%), S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (0.31%), Montevideo (0.20%), Infantis (0.16%) Schwarzengrund (0.15%), Hadar (0.15%), Mbandaka (0.13%), Thompson (0.12%), and Senftenberg (0.04%). All MPPSTs except Kentucky are among the top 30 clinically significant serotypes that cause human illnesses in the United States. However with the exception of a few widely studied serotypes such as S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium, the ecology and epidemiology of the majority of MPPSTs still remain poorly investigated. Published data from the United States suggests that MPPSTs such as Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Sentfenberg are more likely to be multi-drug resistant (MDR, ≥3 antimicobial classes) whereas Enteritidis, Montevideo, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Infantis, Thompson, and Mbandaka are generally pan-susceptible or display resistance to fewer antimicobials. In contrast, the majority of MPPSTs isolated globally have been reported to display MDR phenotype. There also appears to be an international spread of a few MDR serotypes including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Thomson, Sentfenberg, and Enteritidis, which may pose significant challenges to the public health. The current knowledge gaps on the ecology, epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of MPPSTs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willium C Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
| | - Jean Guard
- Egg Quality and Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA 30605, USA
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33
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Li X, Liu L, Li Q, Xu G, Zheng J. Salmonella Enteritidis in Layer Farms of Different Sizes Located in Northern China: On-Farm Sampling and Detection by the PCR Method. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - L Liu
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - Q Li
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - G Xu
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - J Zheng
- China Agricultural University, China
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Fareed S, Nashwan AJ, Abu Jarir S, Husain A, Suliman DS, Ibrahim F, Moustafa A, Akhter MS, Yassin MA. Spinal Abscess Caused by Salmonella Bacteremia in a Patient with Primary Myelofibrosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2017; 18:859-864. [PMID: 28775247 PMCID: PMC5551928 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.903482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 50 Final Diagnosis: Spinal cord compression associated with spinal abscess Symptoms: Diarrhea • fever • low back pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Laminectomy Specialty: Hematology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab Fareed
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulqadir J Nashwan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sulieman Abu Jarir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Hamad General Hospital (HGH) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Husain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Hamad General Hospital (HGH) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Sameh Suliman
- Department of Lab Med and Pathology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Friyal Ibrahim
- Department of Lab Med and Pathology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abbas Moustafa
- Department of Radiology (Clinical Imaging), National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad S Akhter
- Department of Nephrology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) - Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
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Shields S, Shapiro P, Rowan A. A Decade of Progress toward Ending the Intensive Confinement of Farm Animals in the United States. Animals (Basel) 2017; 7:ani7050040. [PMID: 28505141 PMCID: PMC5447922 DOI: 10.3390/ani7050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past ten years, unprecedented changes in the way farm animals are kept on intensive production facilities have begun to take hold in the U.S. veal, egg and pork industries. Propelled by growing public support for animal welfare, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) has successfully led the effort to transition farms from using restrictive cages and crates to more open aviary and group housing systems that offer the animals far more freedom to express natural behavior. This paper describes the background history of the movement, the strategy and approach of the campaign and the challenges that were overcome to enable this major shift in farming practices. The events chronicled are set within the context of the larger societal concern for animals and the important contributions of other animal protection organizations. Abstract In this paper, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) farm animal protection work over the preceding decade is described from the perspective of the organization. Prior to 2002, there were few legal protections for animals on the farm, and in 2005, a new campaign at the HSUS began to advance state ballot initiatives throughout the country, with a decisive advancement in California (Proposition 2) that paved the way for further progress. Combining legislative work with undercover farm and slaughterhouse investigations, litigation and corporate engagement, the HSUS and fellow animal protection organizations have made substantial progress in transitioning the veal, pork and egg industries away from intensive confinement systems that keep the animals in cages and crates. Investigations have become an important tool for demonstrating widespread inhumane practices, building public support and convincing the retail sector to publish meaningful animal welfare policies. While federal legislation protecting animals on the farm stalled, there has been steady state-by-state progress, and this is complemented by major brands such as McDonald’s and Walmart pledging to purchase only from suppliers using cage-free and crate-free animal housing systems. The evolution of societal expectations regarding animals has helped propel the recent wave of progress and may also be driven, in part, by the work of animal protection organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shields
- Humane Society International, 1255 23rd Street, Northwest, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Humane Society International, 1255 23rd Street, Northwest, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Park S, Beuchat LR, Kim H, Ryu JH. Inactivation of Salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells by simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide and mild wet heat. Food Microbiol 2017; 62:202-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jiao Y, Guo R, Tang P, Kang X, Yin J, Wu K, Geng S, Li Q, Sun J, Xu X, Zhou X, Gan J, Jiao X, Liu X, Pan Z. Signature-tagged mutagenesis screening revealed a novel smooth-to-rough transition determinant of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:48. [PMID: 28253852 PMCID: PMC5335844 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens for humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a component of the outer membrane, is responsible for the virulence and smooth-to-rough transition in S. Enteritidis. In this study, we screened S. Enteritidis signature-tagged transposon mutant library using monoclonal antibody against somatic O9 antigen (O9 MAb) and O9 factor rabbit antiserum to identify novel genes that are involved in smooth-to-rough transition. Results A total of 480 mutants were screened and one mutant with transposon insertion in rfbG gene had smooth-to-rough transition phenotype. In order to verify the role of rfbG gene, an rfbG insertion or deletion mutant was constructed using λ-Red recombination system. Phenotypic and biological analysis revealed that rfbG insertion or deletion mutants were similar to the wild-type strain in growth rate and biochemical properties, but the swimming motility was reduced. SE Slide Agglutination test and ELISA test showed that rfbG mutants do not stimulate animals to produce agglutinating antibody. In addition, the half-lethal dose (LD50) of the rfbG deletion mutant strain was 106.6 -fold higher than that of the parent strain in a mouse model when injected intraperitoneally. Conclusions These data indicate that the rfbG gene is involved in smooth-to-rough transition, swimming motility and virulence of S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, somatic O-antigen antibody-based approach to screen signature-tagged transposon mutants is feasible to clarify LPS biosynthesis and to find suitable markers in DIVA-vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Rongxian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Junlei Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Junji Gan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Wu S, Ricke SC, Schneider KR, Ahn S. Food safety hazards associated with ready-to-bake cookie dough and its ingredients. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Espinoza RA, Silva-Valenzuela CA, Amaya FA, Urrutia ÍM, Contreras I, Santiviago CA. Differential roles for pathogenicity islands SPI-13 and SPI-8 in the interaction of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhi with murine and human macrophages. Biol Res 2017; 50:5. [PMID: 28202086 PMCID: PMC5311848 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-13 is conserved in many serovars of S. enterica, including S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Gallinarum. However, it is absent in typhoid serovars such as S. Typhi and Paratyphi A, which carry SPI-8 at the same genomic location. Because the interaction with macrophages is a critical step in Salmonella pathogenicity, in this study we investigated the role played by SPI-13 and SPI-8 in the interaction of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhi with cultured murine (RAW264.7) and human (THP-1) macrophages. Results
Our results showed that SPI-13 was required for internalization of S. Enteritidis in murine but not human macrophages. On the other hand, SPI-8 was not required for the interaction of S. Typhi with human or murine macrophages. Of note, the presence of an intact copy of SPI-13 in a S. Typhi mutant carrying a deletion of SPI-8 did not improve its ability to be internalized by, or survive in human or murine macrophages. Conclusions Altogether, our results point out to different roles for SPI-13 and SPI-8 during Salmonella infection. While SPI-13 contributes to the interaction of S. Enteritidis with murine macrophages, SPI-8 is not required in the interaction of S. Typhi with murine or human macrophages. We hypothesized that typhoid serovars have lost SPI-13 and maintained SPI-8 to improve their fitness during another phase of human infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0109-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia A Silva-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Fernando A Amaya
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ítalo M Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inés Contreras
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos A Santiviago
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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40
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Yang Y, Ricke SC, Tellez G, Kwon YM. Quantitative Tracking of Salmonella Enteritidis Transmission Routes Using Barcode-Tagged Isogenic Strains in Chickens: Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:15. [PMID: 28261587 PMCID: PMC5306393 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important foodborne bacterial pathogen, however, a fundamental understanding on Salmonella transmission routes within a poultry flock remains unclear. In this study, a series of barcode-tagged strains were constructed by inserting six random nucleotides into a functionally neutral region on the chromosome of S. Enteritidis as a tool for quantitative tracking of Salmonella transmission in chickens. Six distinct barcode-tagged strains were used for infection or contamination at either low dose (103 CFUs; three strains) or high dose (105 CFUs; three strains) in three independent experiments (Experiment 1 oral gavage; Experiment 2 contaminated feed; Experiment 3 contaminated water). For all chick experiments, cecal and foot-wash samples were collected from a subset of the chickens at days 7 or/and 14, from which genomic DNA was extracted and used to amplify the barcode regions. After the resulting PCR amplicons were pooled and analyzed by MiSeq sequencing, a total of approximately 1.5 million reads containing the barcode sequences were analyzed to determine the relative frequency of every barcode-tagged strain in each sample. In Experiment 1, the high dose of oral infection was correlated with greater dominance of the strains in the ceca of the respective seeder chickens and also in the contact chickens yet at lesser degrees. When chicks were exposed to contaminated feed (Experiment 2) or water (Experiment 3), there were no clear patterns of the barcode-tagged strains in relation to the dosage, except that the strains introduced at low dose required a longer time to colonize the ceca with contaminated feed. Most foot-wash samples contained only one to three strains for the majority of the samples, suggesting potential existence of an unknown mechanism(s) for strain exclusion. These results demonstrated the proof of concept of using barcode tagged to investigate transmission dynamics of Salmonella in chickens in a quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Hulaj B, Çabeli P, Goga I, Taylor N, Hess C, Hess M. Survey of the prevalence of Salmonella species on laying hen farms in Kosovo. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2030-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Brufau MT, Campo-Sabariz J, Bou R, Carné S, Brufau J, Vilà B, Marqués AM, Guardiola F, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R. Salmosan, a β-Galactomannan-Rich Product, Protects Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells Infected by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. J Nutr 2016; 146:1492-8. [PMID: 27358412 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.232546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One promising strategy for reducing human salmonellosis induced by Salmonella Enteritidis is to supplement animal diets with natural feed additives such as mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs). OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the potential role of Salmosan (S-βGM), an MOS product extremely rich in β-galactomannan, in preventing epithelial barrier function disruption induced by S. Enteritidis colonization in an in vitro model of intestinal Caco-2 cells in culture. METHODS Differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated for 3 h with S. Enteritidis at a multiplicity of infection of 10 in the absence or presence of 500 μg S-βGM/mL. Paracellular permeability (PP) was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), d-mannitol, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-4) flux. Tight junction proteins and cytoskeletal actin were also localized by confocal microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products were evaluated. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to visualize S. Enteritidis adhesion to, and invasion of, the Caco-2 cell cultures. RESULTS Compared with controls, TER was significantly reduced by 30%, and d-mannitol and FD-4 flux were significantly increased by 374% and 54% in S. Enteritidis-infected cultures, respectively. The presence of S-βGM in infected cultures induced total recoveries of TER and FD-4 flux to values that did not differ from the control and a partial recovery of d-mannitol flux. These effects were confirmed by immunolocalization of actin, zonula occludens protein 1, and occludin. Similar results were obtained for Salmonella Dublin. The protection of S-βGM on PP in infected cultures may be associated with a total recovery of ROS production to values that did not differ from the control. Moreover, S-βGM has the capacity to agglutinate bacteria, leading to a significant reduction of 32% in intracellular S Enteritidis. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that S-βGM contributes to protecting epithelial barrier function in a Caco-2 cell model disrupted by S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergi Carné
- Industrial Técnica Pecuaria, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | | | - Borja Vilà
- IRTA, Nutrition Animal Welfare, Constantí, Spain
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jaiswal S, Sahoo PK, Ryan D, Das JK, Chakraborty E, Mohakud NK, Suar M. Altered virulence potential of Salmonella Enteritidis cultured in different foods: A cumulative effect of differential gene expression and immunomodulation. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 230:64-72. [PMID: 27132148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the most common causes of food borne illness. Bacterial growth environment plays an important role in regulating gene expression thereby affecting the virulence profile of the bacteria. Different foods present diverse growth conditions which may affect the pathogenic potential of the bacteria. In the present study, the effect of food environments on the pathogenic potential of S. Enteritidis has been evaluated. S. Enteritidis was grown in different foods e.g. egg white, peanut butter and milk, and virulent phenotypes were compared to those grown in Luria Bertani broth. In-vivo experiments in C57BL/6 mice revealed S. Enteritidis grown in egg white did not induce significant (p<0.001) production of proinflammatory cytokines in mice and were unable to cause colitis despite efficient colonization in cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen and liver. Further studies revealed that bacteria grown in LB activated MAP Kinase and NFκB pathways efficiently, while those grown in egg white poorly activated the above pathways which can account for the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. qRT PCR analysis revealed SPI-1 effectors were downregulated in bacteria grown in egg white. Interestingly, bacteria grown in egg white showed reversal of phenotype upon change in growth media to LB. Additionally, bacteria grown in milk and peanut butter showed different degrees of virulence in mice as compared to those grown in LB media. Thus, the present study demonstrates that, S. Enteritidis grown in egg white colonizes systemic sites without causing colitis in a mouse model, while bacteria grown in milk and peanut butter show different pathogenicity profiles suggesting that food environments significantly affect the pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Daniel Ryan
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Eesha Chakraborty
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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Moffatt CRM, Musto J, Pingault N, Miller M, Stafford R, Gregory J, Polkinghorne BG, Kirk MD. Salmonella Typhimurium and Outbreaks of Egg-Associated Disease in Australia, 2001 to 2011. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:379-85. [PMID: 27028267 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonellosis is a significant public health problem, with eggs frequently identified as a food vehicle during outbreak investigations. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis are the two most frequently identified causes of egg-associated disease in industrialized countries. In Australia, a comprehensive review of egg-associated outbreaks has not been previously undertaken. METHODS Using a national register of foodborne outbreaks, we undertook a descriptive review of egg-associated outbreaks between 2001 and 2011. Included in our review was additional detail from the findings of trace back investigations conducted to the farm level. Evidence classifications were developed and applied to each outbreak based on descriptive and analytical epidemiology, food safety investigations, and microbiological testing of clinical, food, and trace back-derived samples. RESULTS Over the study period, the proportion of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks linked to eggs increased significantly (p < 0.001). In total, 166 outbreaks were identified, with 90% caused by Salmonella Typhimurium. The majority of outbreaks were linked to commercial food providers, with raw egg use the major contributing factor. These events resulted in more than 3200 cases, more than 650 hospitalizations, and at least 4 deaths. Fifty-four percent of investigations used analytical epidemiology, food microbiology, and trace back microbiology to demonstrate links between human illness and eggs. Trace back investigations identified S. enterica indistinguishable from outbreak-associated clinical or food samples on 50% of sampled egg farms. CONCLUSION Effective control of egg-associated salmonellosis remains a challenge in Australia, with Salmonella Typhimurium dominating as the causative serotype in outbreak events. Although outbreaks predominantly occur in the settings of restaurants, the high recovery rate of indistinguishable Salmonella on epidemiologically implicated egg farms suggests that further efforts to minimize infection pressure at the primary production level are needed in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R M Moffatt
- 1 OzFoodNet, Communicable Disease Control, Health Protection Service, Australian Capital Territory Health Directorate , Canberra, Australia .,2 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University , Canberra, Australia
| | - Jennie Musto
- 3 Health Protection New South Wales, New South Wales Ministry of Health , Sydney, Australia
| | - Nevada Pingault
- 4 OzFoodNet, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Government of Western Australia , Department of Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Megge Miller
- 5 OzFoodNet, Communicable Disease Control Branch, South Australia Health , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Russell Stafford
- 6 OzFoodNet, Communicable Diseases Branch , Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joy Gregory
- 7 OzFoodNet, Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance , Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Polkinghorne
- 8 OzFoodNet, Office of Health Protection , Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Martyn D Kirk
- 2 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University , Canberra, Australia
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Brufau MT, Martín-Venegas R, Guerrero-Zamora AM, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Vilà B, Brufau J, Ferrer R. Dietary β-galactomannans have beneficial effects on the intestinal morphology of chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:238-46. [PMID: 25568372 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of food-borne salmonellosis in humans. Poultry is the single largest reservoir, and the consumption of incorrectly processed chicken meat and egg products is the major source of infection. Since 2006, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been banned in the European Union, and the dietary inclusion of β-galactomannans (βGM) has become a promising strategy to control and prevent intestinal infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various βGM-rich products on intestinal morphology in chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. To assess this effect, a total of 280 male Ross 308 chickens were studied (40 animals per treatment housed in 5 cages). There were 7 treatments, including controls: uninoculated birds fed the basal diet (negative control) and inoculated birds fed the basal diet (positive control) or the basal diet supplemented with Salmosan (1 g/kg), Duraió gum (1 g/kg), Cassia gum (1 g/kg), the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5 g/kg), or the antibiotic colistine (0.8 g/kg). The birds were fed these diets from the d 1 to 23, except the animals in the colistine group, which were fed the diet containing the antibiotic only from d 5 to 11. The inoculated animals were orally infected on d 7 with 10(8) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis. Bird performance per replicate was determined for the whole study period (23 d), and the distal ileum and cecal tonsil of 5 animals per treatment (1 animal per replicate) were observed at different magnification levels (scanning electron, light, and laser confocal microscopy). In the images corresponding to the treatments containing βGM we observed more mucus, an effect that can be associated with the observation of more goblet cells. Moreover, the images also show fewer M cells, which are characteristic of infected animals. Regarding the morphometric parameters, the animals that received Duraió and Cassia gums show greater (P = 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively) villus length compared with the animals in the positive control, thus indicating the capacity of these products to increase epithelial surface area. However, no effect (P > 0.05) on microvillus dimensions was detected. In conclusion, the results obtained indicating the beneficial effects of these βGM on intestinal morphology give more evidence of the positive effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Brufau
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Martín-Venegas
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Guerrero-Zamora
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Pérez-Vendrell
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Monogastric Nutrition, 43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - B Vilà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Monogastric Nutrition, 43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - J Brufau
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Monogastric Nutrition, 43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - R Ferrer
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Effect of X-ray treatments on Salmonella enterica and spoilage bacteria on skin-on chicken breast fillets and shell eggs. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Jesudhasan PR, McReynolds JL, Byrd AJ, He H, Genovese KJ, Droleskey R, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, Duke S, Nisbet DJ, Praveen C, Pillai SD. Electron-Beam-Inactivated Vaccine Against Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Molting Hens. Avian Dis 2015; 59:165-70. [PMID: 26292553 DOI: 10.1637/10917-081014-resnoter] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Electron-beam (eBeam) irradiation technology has a variety of applications in modern society. The underlying hypothesis was that eBeam-inactivated Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) cells can serve as a vaccine to control SE colonization and shedding in poultry birds. An eBeam dose of 2.5 kGy (kilograys) was used to inactivate a high-titer (10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]) preparation of SE cells. Microscopic studies revealed that the irradiation did not damage the bacterial cell membranes. The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by administering the eBeam-killed SE cells intramuscularly (1 x 10(6) CFU/bird) into 50-wk-old single comb white leghorn hens. On day 14 postvaccination, the hens were challenged orally with live SE cells (1 x 10(9) CFU) and SE colonization of liver, spleen, ceca, and ovaries determined on day 23. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 23 postvaccination and the sera were analyzed to quantify SE-specific IgG titers. The vaccinated chickens exhibited significantly (P < 0.0001) higher SE-specific IgG antibody responses and reduced SE ceca colonization (1.46 ± 0.39 logi10 CFU/g) compared to nonvaccinated birds (5.32 ± 0.32 log10 CFU/g). They also exhibited significantly lower SE colonization of the ovaries (1/30), spleen (3/30), liver (4/30), and ceca (7/30) compared to nonvaccinated birds. These results provide empirical evidence that eBeam-based SE vaccines are immunogenic and are capable of protecting chickens against SE colonization. The advantages of eBeam-based vaccine technology are that it is nonthermal, avoids the use of formalin, and can be used to generate inactivated vaccines rapidly to address strain-specific infections in farms or flocks.
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48
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The rise and decline inSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods in the United States, 1973–2009. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:810-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYSalmonella entericacauses an estimated 1 million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually.Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis (SE) is among the top three serovars of reported cases ofSalmonella. We examined trends in SE foodborne outbreaks from 1973 to 2009 using Joinpoint and Poisson regression. The annual number of SE outbreaks increased sharply in the 1970s and 1980s but declined significantly after 1990. Over the study period, SE outbreaks were most frequently attributed to foods containing eggs. The average rate of SE outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods reported by states began to decline significantly after 1990, and the proportion of SE outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods began declining after 1997. Our results suggest that interventions initiated in the 1990s to decrease SE contamination of shell eggs may have been integral to preventing SE outbreaks.
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49
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Zhou X, He S, Song Q, Zhuang X, Wang Y, Huang X, Shi C, Shi X. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis Isolates Associated with a Mousse Cake–Related Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in Ningbo, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:433-40. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoukui He
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifa Song
- Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhuang
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST)–U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cause a well-characterized spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and fatal typhoidal fever. These pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness in the United States each year, with substantial costs measured in hospitalizations and lost productivity. In the developing world, illness caused by these pathogens is not only more prevalent but also associated with a greater case-fatality rate. Classic methods for identification rely on selective media and serology, but newer methods based on mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction show great promise for routine clinical testing.
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