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Ikpe F, Williams T, Orok E, Ikpe A. Antimicrobial resistance: use of phage therapy in the management of resistant infections. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:925. [PMID: 39167154 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The emergence and increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now widely recognized as a major public health challenge. Traditional antimicrobial drugs are becoming increasingly ineffective, while the development of new antibiotics is waning. As a result, alternative treatments for infections are garnering increased interest. Among these alternatives, bacteriophages, also known as phages, are gaining renewed attention and are reported to offer a promising solution to alleviate the burden of bacterial infections. This review discusses the current successes of phage therapy (PT) against multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter spp. The review also compares the efficacy of PT with that of chemical antibiotics, reporting on its benefits and limitations, while highlighting its impact on the human gut microbiome and immune system. Despite its potential, phage therapy is reported to face challenges such as the narrow antibacterial range, the complexity of developing phage cocktails, and the need for precise dosing and duration protocols. Nevertheless, continued research, improved regulatory frameworks, and increased public awareness are essential to realize its full potential and integration into standard medical practice, paving the way for innovative treatments that can effectively manage infections in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour Ikpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Tonfamoworio Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Augustine Ikpe
- Department of Sciences, Champion Group of Schools, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria
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Jesumirhewe C, Odufuye TO, Ariri JU, Adebiyi AA, Sanusi AT, Stöger A, Daza-Prieto B, Allerberger F, Cabal-Rosel A, Ruppitsch W. Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri from Healthy Humans and Poultry in Nigeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:733. [PMID: 39200033 PMCID: PMC11350800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. poses a significant threat to human and animal health due to their capacity to cause a wide range of infections in both. In this study, resistance genes conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 61 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from urine, wounds, nasal and chicken fecal samples. Species identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method for 16 antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was used for characterization of the isolates. The 61 investigated isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, S. arlettae, M. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. epidermidis. A total of 47 isolates (77%) belonged to human samples and 14 (23%) isolates were collected from poultry samples. All were phenotypically resistant to at least three antimicrobial(s). Multiple resistance determinants were detected in the human and poultry isolates analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness among the isolates within each species for S. arlettae, M. sciuri, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. This study delivered comprehensive genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species and M. sciuri isolates from human and poultry sources in Edo state, Nigeria, from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Jesumirhewe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Okada 302111, Edo State, Nigeria; (T.O.O.); (J.U.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Tolulope Oluwadamilola Odufuye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Okada 302111, Edo State, Nigeria; (T.O.O.); (J.U.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Juliana Ukinebo Ariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Okada 302111, Edo State, Nigeria; (T.O.O.); (J.U.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Amdallat Arike Adebiyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Okada 302111, Edo State, Nigeria; (T.O.O.); (J.U.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Amina Tanko Sanusi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Okada 302111, Edo State, Nigeria; (T.O.O.); (J.U.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Anna Stöger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.D.-P.); (F.A.); (A.C.-R.); (W.R.)
| | - Beatriz Daza-Prieto
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.D.-P.); (F.A.); (A.C.-R.); (W.R.)
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.D.-P.); (F.A.); (A.C.-R.); (W.R.)
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.D.-P.); (F.A.); (A.C.-R.); (W.R.)
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.D.-P.); (F.A.); (A.C.-R.); (W.R.)
- Faculty of Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology, University of Donja Gorica, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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Droege F, König J, Lang KS, Jablonska J, Pylaeva E, Huckenbeck C, Wrobeln A, Duerig I, Thangavelu K, Lang S, Geisthoff U. Increased Risk for Infections and Allergic Disease in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3752. [PMID: 38999318 PMCID: PMC11242906 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disorder characterized by dilated blood vessels. Different immunological changes have been described in these patients. In this study, the predisposition of patients with HHT to infections and allergic diseases was assessed. Methods: Patients with HHT completed an online survey in English or German. Their data were compared to non-affected partners or friends. Results: A total of 430 out of 588 respondents with HHT answered our questions about infections and allergies. Patients with HHT suffered significantly more often from various types of allergies than their partners, especially type I allergies (n = 226/276, 82%), and had a higher risk for sinusitis, urinary tract infections, pulmonary infections, and abscesses. A total of 38% of the patients took antibiotics prior to dental or surgical procedures (n = 57/152), and, in 10% of these patients, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) were not detected. On the other hand, 51% of patients with PAVM did not report a prophylactic antibiotic intake (n = 40/79). The patients who needed iron supplementations suffered more often from sepsis (OR: 9.00, 95%CI: 0.92-88.16). Conclusions: Compared to their non-affected controls, patients with HHT showed an increased risk for infections in different organs and allergic diseases. There is a need for campaigns raising greater awareness recommending prophylactic antibiotic intake in patients with PAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Droege
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Carolin Huckenbeck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Wrobeln
- Institute of Physiology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Inga Duerig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Kruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, University Hospital of Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35042 Marburg, Germany; (K.T.); (U.G.)
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.J.); (E.P.); (C.H.); (I.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Urban Geisthoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, University Hospital of Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35042 Marburg, Germany; (K.T.); (U.G.)
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Roy MC, Chowdhury T, Hossain MT, Hasan MM, Zahran E, Rahman MM, Zinnah KMA, Rahman MM, Hossain FMA. Zoonotic linkage and environmental contamination of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in dairy farms: A one health perspective. One Health 2024; 18:100680. [PMID: 39010963 PMCID: PMC11247269 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a ubiquitous public health challenge, with its prevalence in human, animal, and environmental interfaces posing significant concerns. This study aimed to characterize and detect the zoonotic linkages of MRSA within the cow-environment-human interfaces in dairy farms to address the One Health perspective. A comprehensive investigation, involving 636 samples (an equal number of raw milk and cow nasal swab samples, along with varying numbers of human nasal swab and environmental samples), revealed an overall MRSA prevalence of 13.4% (n = 271/636). Notably, environmental samples exhibited the highest prevalence (19.3%), emphasizing the potential role of farm surroundings in MRSA transmission, while the lowest prevalence was found in raw milk at 11.8% (n = 31/263). The prevalence in cow nasal swabs and human nasal swabs was 13.3% (n = 35/263) and 15.1% (n = 8/53), respectively. Multiplex PCR analysis revealed the presence of different Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SEa, SEb, SEc, and SEd), and exfoliative toxin-producing genes (Eta, Etb) within the MRSA isolates underlining their potential to induce public health threats. All MRSA isolates exhibited complete resistance to Oxacillin (100%) and Amoxicillin (100%), while the highest sensitivity was observed for Vancomycin (85.8%). Furthermore, these MRSA strains demonstrated varying degrees of resistance to other commonly used antimicrobial drugs, including Cefoxitin (75.3%), Ceftarolin (71.2%), Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (63.5%), Ciprofloxacin (60%), and Gentamicin (49.5%). Detection of MRSA in cow, human, and environmental samples within the same farm vicinity highlights the risk of zoonotic transmission of MRSA from cows to humans through environmental interfaces. Phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene in MRSA isolates from all sources within the same farm revealed a high similarity index (>84%) among them suggesting a shared evolutionary origin. Moreover, the MRSA isolates from milk samples showed a close evolutionary relationship with isolates from Kenya and Brazil, while the isolates from humans and the environment displayed noticeable resemblance to isolates from several Asian countries. The findings emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts under the One Health framework to address this multifaceted issue and ensure the safety of our food supply and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithu Chandra Roy
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Tonmoy Chowdhury
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Tafazzal Hossain
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Md. Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mohammad Ali Zinnah
- Department of Animal & Fish Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahfujur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal & Fish Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
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Abo-Amer AE, Gad El-Rab SMF, Halawani EM, Niaz AM, Bamaga MS. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Nasal Specimens: Overcoming MRSA with Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1537-1546. [PMID: 36379700 PMCID: PMC9843750 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2208.08004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of high mortality in humans and therefore it is necessary to prevent its transmission and reduce infections. Our goals in this research were to investigate the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Taif, Saudi Arabia, and assess the relationship between the phenotypic antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and the genes responsible for resistance. In addition, we examined the antimicrobial efficiency and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against MRSA isolates. Seventy-two nasal swabs were taken from patients; MRSA was cultivated on Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with methicillin, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted in addition to morphological and biochemical identification. Specific resistance genes such as ermAC, aacA-aphD, tetKM, vatABC and mecA were PCR-amplified and resistance plasmids were also investigated. The MRSA incidence was ~49 % among the 72 S. aureus isolates and all MRSA strains were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and cefoxitin. However, vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, mupirocin, and rifampicin were effective against 100% of MRSA strains. About 61% of MRSA strains exhibited multidrug resistance and were resistant to 3-12 antimicrobial medications (MDR). Methicillin resistance gene mecA was presented in all MDR-MRSA strains. Most MDR-MRSA contained a plasmid of > 10 kb. To overcome bacterial resistance, AgNPs were applied and displayed high antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect with penicillin. Our findings may help establish programs to control bacterial spread in communities as AgNPs appeared to exert a synergistic effect with penicillin to control bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly E. Abo-Amer
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M. F. Gad El-Rab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut 71516, Egypt,Corresponding author Phone: +201025475454 E-mail:
| | - Eman M. Halawani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen M. Niaz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Bamaga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 1347, HHRC 479, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Akbari H, Mohammadi M. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the noses of Iranian medical staff: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Barbălată-Mândru M, Serbezeanu D, Butnaru M, Rîmbu CM, Enache AA, Aflori M. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Plant Extracts Films: Preparation, Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Studies against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072493. [PMID: 35407829 PMCID: PMC9000143 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to obtain biomaterials with antibacterial properties by combining poly(vinyl alcohol) with the extracts obtained from various selected plants from Romania. Natural herbal extracts of freshly picked flowers of the lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia) and leaves of the peppermint plant (Mentha piperita), hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.), verbena plant (Verbena officinalis) and sage plant (Salvia officinalis folium) were selected after an intensive analyzing of diverse medicinal plants often used as antibacterial and healing agents from the country flora. The plant extracts were characterized by different methods such as totals of phenols and flavonoids content and UV-is spectroscopy. The highest amounts of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively, were recorded for Salvia officinalis. Moreover, the obtained films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) loaded with plant extracts were studied concerning the surface properties and their antibacterial or cytotoxicity activity. The Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared analysis described the successfully incorporation of each plant extract in the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, while the profilometry demonstrated the enhanced surface properties. The results showed that the plant extracts conferred significant antibacterial effects to films toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and are not toxic against fibroblastic cells from the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Barbălată-Mândru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. GhicaVoda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.B.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Diana Serbezeanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. GhicaVoda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.B.-M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Butnaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. GhicaVoda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.B.-M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9-13, Kogalniceanu Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), Mihail Sadoveanu Alley no. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. GhicaVoda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.B.-M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.A.)
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Dayie NTKD, Sekoh DNK, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Dayie AD, Osei MM, Kotey FCN, Donkor ES. Staphylococcus aureus Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Resistance among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221133959. [PMID: 36339725 PMCID: PMC9629541 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221133959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are an important risk group for Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) carriage and infections. Little is, however, known about the nasopharyngeal carriage epidemiology of the pathogen in this vulnerable population. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence, carriage determinants, and antimicrobial resistance among SCD adults in Ghana. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs, obtained from 200 SCD adults recruited at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, were cultured for S. aureus, and these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing via the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 41.5% (n = 83), and that of MRSA carriage was 1.0% (n = 2). Moreover, carriage of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) was the only determinant of S. aureus carriage identified (OR = 0.012, P < .0001). However, neither this variable nor the other features of the participants emerged as a determinant of MRSA carriage. The antimicrobial resistance rates decreased across penicillin (98.8%, n = 82), tetracycline (54.2%, n = 45), gentamicin (32.5%, n = 27), ciprofloxacin (21.7%, n = 18), erythromycin (18.1%, n = 15), clindamycin (10.8%, n = 9), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (10.8%, n = 9), teicoplanin (1.2%, n = 1), and linezolid (0.0%, n = 0), and the multidrug resistance rate was 45.8% (n = 38). Conclusion: The nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of S. aureus in the current study was high, while that of MRSA was low. The isolates were highly resistant to several of the antibiotics tested, but not teicoplanin and linezolid, making these antibiotics suitable for treatment of S. aureus infections among the SCD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas TKD Dayie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Deborah NK Sekoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, Teshie, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Alberta D Dayie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mary-Magdalene Osei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, Teshie, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fleischer CN Kotey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, Teshie, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric S Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
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Essghaier B, Dridi R, Arouri A, Zid MF. Synthesis, structural characterization and prospects for a new tris (5-methylbenzimidazole) tris (oxalato) ferrate(III) trihydrate complex as a promising antibacterial and antifungal agent. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Arab Countries of the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2021; 13:e2021050. [PMID: 34527202 PMCID: PMC8425352 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Available data suggest a high burden of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). To review the MRSA rates and molecular epidemiology in this region, we used PubMed search engine to identify relative articles published from January 2005 to December 2019. Great heterogeneity in reported rates was expectedly seen. Nasal MRSA colonization ranged from 2%–16% in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 1–9% in the Levant, and 0.2%–9% in North African Arab states. Infective MRSA rates ranged from 9%–38% in GCC, 28%–67% in the Levant, and 28%–57% in North African states. Studies demonstrated a wide clonal diversity in the MENA. The most common molecular types belonged to 5 clonal complexes (CC) known to spread worldwide: CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30, and CC80. The most prevalent strains had genotypes related to the European community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), Brazilian/Hungarian hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), UK-EMRSA-15 HA-MRSA, and USA300 CA-MRSA. Finally, significant antimicrobial resistance was seen in the region with variation in patterns depending on location and clonal type. For a more accurate assessment of MRSA epidemiology and burden, the Arab countries need to implement national surveillance systems.
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Aina T, Danyuo Y, Oparah J, Obayemi JD, Dozie‐Nwachukwu S, Onodugo CD, Ani CJ, Odusanya O, Soboyejo WO. Release kinetics of fungicidal antimicrobials into packaged foods. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toyin Aina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering African University of Science and Technology Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - Yiporo Danyuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering African University of Science and Technology Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Ashesi University Berekuso‐Accra Ghana
| | - Josephine Oparah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering African University of Science and Technology Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - John D. Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Stella Dozie‐Nwachukwu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - Chinweoma D. Onodugo
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka J. Ani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering African University of Science and Technology Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
- Department of Civil Engineering Nile University of Nigeria Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - Olushola Odusanya
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
| | - Winston O. Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering African University of Science and Technology Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Ashesi University Berekuso‐Accra Ghana
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12
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Exudative Epidermitis in Combination with Staphylococcal Pyoderma in Suckling Piglets. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070840. [PMID: 34356759 PMCID: PMC8300706 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of generalized exudative epidermitis (EE) is described, which occurred in a very small piglet producing farm in Austria. The antimicrobial treatment prescribed by the herd veterinarian did not improve the clinical problem. Therefore, the University Clinic for Swine intervened in the case. Lab investigations were initiated in which Staphylococcus hyicus (SH) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA), both methicillin-resistant and susceptible strains, could be isolated from the skin of affected piglets. Poor hygiene and management practices were identified as predisposing factors on site. Adaptation of antimicrobial treatment according to results of the in vitro susceptibility testing and the implementation of proper hygiene measures resolved the clinical problem. Here, we describe a fatal coinfection of SH and SA in suckling piglets.
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Oe K, Sawada M, Nakamura T, Iida H, Saito T. Daptomycin for the Treatment of Gram-Positive Periprosthetic Hip Infections: Can Daptomycin Prevent the Implant Removal? Cureus 2021; 13:e15842. [PMID: 34322334 PMCID: PMC8298194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Management of periprosthetic hip infections (PHIs) generally consists of implant removal and thorough debridement, accompanied by appropriate antibiotic therapy. Daptomycin (DAP) is a novel antibiotic, which allowed for implant retention in several patients after treating their infected joints. However, there is no consensus about implant retention or removal during the treatment of PHIs. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of DAP and to determine a surgical treatment strategy. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 20 patients between August 2014 and December 2018, divided into implant retention (n=9) and implant removal groups (n=11). Infection control and risk of recurrent infection were evaluated. Infection control was defined as not requiring implant removal after the final treatment. Results Infection control rates in implant retention and implant removal groups were 67% and 90%, respectively. All late chronic infections resulted in failure cases within the implant retention group. In the implant retention group, mean preoperative risk scores for successful cases were significantly higher than those for failure cases (p<0.05). Conclusions Patients with low risk did not require implant removal, suggesting that DAP may be a breakthrough alternative to traditional PHI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, JPN
| | - Masahiro Sawada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, JPN
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, JPN
| | - Hirokazu Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, JPN
| | - Takanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, JPN
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Haghi F, Zeighami H, Hajiloo Z, Torabi N, Derakhshan S. High frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food and clinical samples. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:27. [PMID: 34108048 PMCID: PMC8188718 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important cause of food poisoning related to the consumption of raw, undercooked, or mishandled foods worldwide. METHODS A total of 90 individual meat samples and 200 clinical specimens were collected and investigated the frequency of S. aureus and classical enterotoxin genes. The samples were cultured on Baird-Parker and Mannitol salt agar and subjected for confirmatory biochemical tests and molecular detection of femA, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes. RESULTS A total of 31 (34.5%) meat samples and 81 (40.5%) clinical specimens were positive for the presence of S. aureus. These isolates were detected with slightly higher frequency in clinical specimens than food samples (P> 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of S. aureus in raw meat (23.4%) was higher than that in cooked meat samples (11.1%) (P< 0.05). Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes were identified in 18 (58.1%) of 31 meat isolates and 42 (51.8%) of 81 clinical isolates. The frequency of SE genes (except see) in meat isolates was slightly higher than that in clinical isolates (P> 0.05). We found sea and see genes with higher frequency than others in both meat and clinical samples. Furthermore, 55.5% of meat isolates and 38.1% of clinical isolates possessed more than one se gene. CONCLUSION Detection of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in clinical and raw meat samples shows a probable risk for public health. Therefore, intensive and continuous monitoring of potentially pathogenic S. aureus is strongly recommended in order to evaluate the human health risk arising from food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhri Haghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Zeighami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Hajiloo
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Neda Torabi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Safoura Derakhshan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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15
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Velhonoja J, Lääveri M, Soukka T, Hirvonen J, Kinnunen I, Irjala H. Early surgical intervention enhances recovery of severe pediatric deep neck infection patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 144:110694. [PMID: 33799100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric deep neck space infection (DNI) is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening condition and requires prompt and accurate management. This study retrospectively reviews our experience in a tertiary referral hospital from 2004 to 2019. METHODS Systematic data collection from medical records using ICD10 codes between 2004 and 2019. INCLUSION CRITERIA age ≤16 years, DNI requiring hospitalization and/or surgery. EXCLUSION: peritonsillar abscess without complications. RESULTS We identified 42 patients, 21 boys and 21 girls, with a median age of 4.9 years. Most of the patients had severe symptoms, the most common of which were neck swelling (n = 39; 92.9%), neck pain (n = 39; 92.9%) and fever (n = 32; 76.2%). Twenty-two (52.4%) had torticollis, and the mean duration of symptoms before hospitalization was 4.95 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI (n = 24), contrast-enhanced CT (n = 11) or ultrasonography (n = 6), except in one case. Twenty-three (54.8%) required an open neck incision, ten (23.8%) patients had intraoral surgery and nine were treated conservatively. Twelve (28.6%) patients were admitted to the pediatric ICU. Median hospitalization duration was six days. The infection most commonly had tonsillopharyngeal etiology (n = 18) and a retropharyngeal location (n = 17). Staphylococcus Aureus (n = 7) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 7) were the most frequent pathogens. We compared the early surgical intervention group (<2 days of intravenous antibiotics; n = 18; 42.9%) to the late surgery group (n = 15; 35.7%) and the conservatively treated groups (n = 9; 21.4%). The overall length of stay (LOS) was lower in the shorter preoperative medication group (mean 4.4 vs. 7.2; p = 0.009). The size of the abscess did not differ between the groups (mean 28 mm; 30 mm; 21 mm; p = 0.075) and the neck incision rate was similar in the operated groups. CONCLUSION Early surgical intervention is associated with decreased LOS among severe pediatric DNI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Velhonoja
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Meira Lääveri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilpo Kinnunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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16
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Walsh L, Johnson CN, Hill C, Ross RP. Efficacy of Phage- and Bacteriocin-Based Therapies in Combatting Nosocomial MRSA Infections. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:654038. [PMID: 33996906 PMCID: PMC8116899 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.654038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly found in nosocomial environments where infections can easily spread - especially given the reduced immune response of patients and large overlap between personnel in charge of their care. Although antibiotics are available to treat nosocomial infections, the increased occurrence of antibiotic resistance has rendered many treatments ineffective. Such is the case for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which has continued to be a threat to public health since its emergence. For this reason, alternative treatment technologies utilizing antimicrobials such as bacteriocins, bacteriophages (phages) and phage endolysins are being developed. These antimicrobials provide an advantage over antibiotics in that many have narrow inhibition spectra, enabling treatments to be selected based on the target (pathogenic) bacterium while allowing for survival of commensal bacteria and thus avoiding collateral damage to the microbiome. Bacterial resistance to these treatments occurs less frequently than with antibiotics, particularly in circumstances where combinatory antimicrobial therapies are used. Phage therapy has been well established in Eastern Europe as an effective treatment against bacterial infections. While there are no Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) to our knowledge examining phage treatment of S. aureus infections that have completed all trial phases, numerous clinical trials are underway, and several commercial phage preparations are currently available to treat S. aureus infections. Bacteriocins have primarily been used in the food industry for bio-preservation applications. However, the idea of repurposing bacteriocins for human health is an attractive one considering their efficacy against many bacterial pathogens. There are concerns about the ability of bacteriocins to survive the gastrointestinal tract given their proteinaceous nature, however, this obstacle may be overcome by altering the administration route of the therapy through encapsulation, or by bioengineering protease-resistant variants. Obstacles such as enzymatic digestion are less of an issue for topical/local administration, for example, application to the surface of the skin. Bacteriocins have also shown impressive synergistic effects when used in conjunction with other antimicrobials, including antibiotics, which may allow antibiotic-based therapies to be used more sparingly with less resistance development. This review provides an updated account of known bacteriocins, phages and phage endolysins which have demonstrated an impressive ability to kill S. aureus strains. In particular, examples of antimicrobials with the ability to target MRSA strains and their subsequent use in a clinical setting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walsh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Crystal N Johnson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Borg MA, Suda D, Scicluna E, Brincat A, Zarb P. Universal admission screening: a potential game-changer in hospitals with high prevalence of MRSA. J Hosp Infect 2021; 113:77-84. [PMID: 33811962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the perception that meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now under control in high-income countries, global prevalence remains high, even increasing in some regions. Universal admission screening and decolonization has been instituted in some hospitals to attempt control but the practice remains controversial. METHODS In 2014, Mater Dei Hospital in Malta introduced a universal admission screening policy, utilizing a novel, centralized and customized approach to achieve high compliance and low cost. Admissions are screened nasally by designated staff using chromogenic media, irrespective of risk factors. Carriers are decolonized without concurrent isolation or contact precautions. In this study, longitudinal, quasi-experimental evaluation was undertaken using time series analysis to analyse the impact of the intervention on the proportion of MRSA among clinical S. aureus isolates (%MRSA) and incidence per 1000 bed-days. A cost-utility analysis was also attempted to identify approximate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. RESULTS A transfer function model approach concluded that the intervention had a significant effect on both %MRSA and incidence. Six years following its introduction, the screening programme had led to an overall 43% long-term reduction in %MRSA from pre-screening levels [R2=0.687; Bayesian information criterion (BIC)=4.063], translating to a decrease in incidence of approximately 0.56 cases/1000 bed-days (R2=0.633, BIC=-3.063). No correlation was identified with consumption of antibiotics or alcohol hand rub. The annual cost-benefit of the programme was calculated at €1058 per QALY gain per year. CONCLUSION The universal admission screening and decolonization intervention was successful and cost-effective in this high-endemicity setting. It facilitated improvement in the prevalence of MRSA, achieving reduction levels rarely reported by Mediterranean hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Borg
- University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.
| | - D Suda
- University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - P Zarb
- University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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18
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Alsharif SM, El-Sayed WS, Hanafy AM. Geographic distribution and prevalence of potential asymptomatic Staphylococcus spp. in the nasopharyngeal cavity of elementary school boys at Al-Madinah, KSA. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1892991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan M. Alsharif
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael S. El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hanafy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Lohan K, Sangwan J, Mane P, Lathwal S. Prevalence pattern of MRSA from a rural medical college of North India: A cause of concern. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:752-757. [PMID: 34041072 PMCID: PMC8138351 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1527_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global challenge. The shift of this organism form hospital settings to community setting and increasing resistance to non-β-lactams antibiotics have further aggravated the crisis. This trend in MRSA has necessitated the knowledge and sensitization about this agent among physicians in rural and peripheral settings. Material and Methods: Present study was undertaken at Department of Microbiology at rural medical college of North India from January 2017 to December 2019 (3 years). All the clinical samples collected with aseptic precautions were processed as per standard protocol. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates cultured were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines 2019. Screening for MRSA was done by CLSI recommended methods, such as cefoxitin disc (30 μg), oxacillin disc (1 μg), and oxacillin screen agar as per CLSI recommendation. Results: A steady increase in number of MRSA isolates was observed from year 2017 to 2019 with overall prevalence being 33.7%. Most MRSA isolates were obtained from pus samples. Cefoxitin disc diffusion method is a dependable detection method compared to oxacillin disc diffusion and oxacillin screen agar for identification of MRSA. Conclusion: The rising trend of MRSA impresses upon the acute need of stringent infection control practices namely strict compliance to hand hygiene, prevention of misuse and overuse of antibiotics and a continuous surveillance program for MRSA. Also sensitization about this agent among the primary health physician is the need of hour to implement the control measures and limit its spread in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Lohan
- Department of Microbiology, SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Sangwan
- Department of Microbiology, SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Pratibha Mane
- Department of Microbiology, SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Lathwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine ACMS, New Delhi, India
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20
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Yu C, Wei B, Kong X, Yang C, Nan F. Synthesis and
Structure‐Activity
Relationships of
Ring‐Opened
Bengamide Analogues against
Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bing‐Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Xue‐Qing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Cai‐Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Fa‐Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Yantai Shandong 264000 China
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21
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Wicaksono EO, Tjempakasari A, Widodo W. Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Carrier in Hemodialysis Patients at Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i3.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now a global epidemic, and the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Hemodialysis is one of the ways to treat by kidney function replacement. Infection is the number two cause of death in patients with hemodialysis (HD). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of bacteriemia in patients with dialysis. The epidemiological data of MRSA carriers in CKD in Indonesia are still scarce. This study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA carriers in patients at The Kidney and Hypertension Outpatient-clinic and Hemodialysis Installation at Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya Indonesia. The study design was descriptive-analytic with a cross- sectional study design. Sampling was collected consecutively. Data on the general characteristics of the research subjects will be analyzed using a Chi-Squared test. There were 150 CKD stage five patients included in this study, the number of patients has MRSA carrier were 6 (4%), among them, subjects underwent HD MRSA carrier were 2 subjects(2.7%), while for non-HD patients with MRSA were 4 subjects (5.3 %). There were no significant differences in MRSA carriers between HD and non HD groups (p=0.404). Comorbid factors that accompany MRSA carriers are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney stones, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study found, there were no significant differences in the incidence of MRSA carriers in stage five CKD non HD or HD groups. MRSA colonization exists in stage five CKD sufferers, so awareness of MRSA colonization
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22
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Mashayekhi-sardoo H, Razavi BM, Ekhtiari M, Kheradmand N, Imenshahidi M. Gastroprotective effects of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lemon verbena leaves against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1639-1646. [PMID: 33489039 PMCID: PMC7811806 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.44341.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regarding Lemon verbena gastroprotective effects, we investigated the protective effects of Lemon verbena extracts on reducing gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lemon verbena (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), zileuton (100 mg/kg), montelukast (10 mg/kg), or 1% Tween 80 in presence or absence of indomethacin (100 mg/kg). RESULTS Indomethacin produced stomach ulcer and increased neutrophils percentage and MDA level compared with the control group (P<0.001). Co-administration of indomethacin and zileuton, montelukast and ethanolic (200 mg/kg) (P<0.001), aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) (P<0.05) reduced ulcer compared with the indomethacin group (P<0.001). Ethanolic extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) reduced the MDA level (P<0.001). Ethanolic (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased neutrophils percentage compared with the indomethacin group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Aqueous and particularly ethanolic extracts of Lemon verbena have protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekhtiari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Kheradmand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Raschpichler G, Raupach-Rosin H, Akmatov MK, Castell S, Rübsamen N, Feier B, Szkopek S, Bautsch W, Mikolajczyk R, Karch A. Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for MRSA carriage at hospital admission in Southeast Lower Saxony, Germany. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17998. [PMID: 33093607 PMCID: PMC7582828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In countries with low endemic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence, identification of risk groups at hospital admission is considered more cost-effective than universal MRSA screening. Predictive statistical models support the selection of suitable stratification factors for effective screening programs. Currently, there are no universal guidelines in Germany for MRSA screening. Instead, a list of criteria is available from the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) based on which local strategies should be adopted. We developed and externally validated a model for individual prediction of MRSA carriage at hospital admission in the region of Southeast Lower Saxony based on two prospective studies with universal screening in Braunschweig (n = 2065) and Wolfsburg (n = 461). Logistic regression was used for model development. The final model (simplified to an unweighted score) included history of MRSA carriage, care dependency and cancer treatment. In the external validation dataset, the score showed a sensitivity of 78.4% (95% CI: 64.7-88.7%), and a specificity of 70.3% (95% CI: 65.0-75.2%). Of all admitted patients, 25.4% had to be screened if the score was applied. A model based on KRINKO criteria showed similar sensitivity but lower specificity, leading to a considerably higher proportion of patients to be screened (49.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Raschpichler
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Heike Raupach-Rosin
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Manas K Akmatov
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany (ZI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Feier
- Central Laboratory, Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Szkopek
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hospital Hygiene, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Wilfried Bautsch
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hospital Hygiene, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Kim YH, Kim HS, Kim S, Kim M, Kwak HS. Prevalence and Characteristics of Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Meat in Korea. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:758-771. [PMID: 32968728 PMCID: PMC7492173 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of
antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from 4,264 retail meat
samples including beef, pork, and chicken in Korea between 2013 and 2018. A
broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for
S. aureus. Molecular typing by multilocus sequence typing
(MLST), spa typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
(PFGE), was performed on mecA-positive S.
aureus strain. S. aureus was isolated at a rate of
18.2% (777/4,264), of which MRSA comprised 0.7% (29 strains). MLST
analysis showed that 11 out of the 29 MRSA isolates were predominantly sequence
type (ST) 398 (37.9%). In addition, ST72, ST692, ST188, ST9, and ST630
were identified in the MRSA isolates. The spa typing results
were classified into 11 types and showed a high correlation with MLST. The
antimicrobial resistance assays revealed that MRSA showed 100% resistance
to cefoxitin and penicillin. In addition, resistance to tetracycline
(62.1%), clindamycin (55.2%), and erythromycin (55.2%) was
relatively high; 27 of the 29 MRSA isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. PFGE
analysis of the 18 strains excluding the 11 ST398 strains exhibited a maximum of
100% homology and a minimum of 64.0% homology. Among these, three
pairs of isolates showed 100% homology in PFGE; these results were
consistent with the MLST and spa typing results. Identification
of MRSA at the final consumption stage has potential risks, suggesting that
continuous monitoring of retail meat products is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Seokhwan Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Migyeong Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Kwak
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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Lam TJGM, Heuvelink AE, Gonggrijp MA, Santman-Berends IMGA. Antimicrobial use in dairy cattle in the Netherlands. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S9-S14. [PMID: 32810248 PMCID: PMC7433912 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theo J G M Lam
- Department of Research & Development, Royal GD, AA Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Annet E Heuvelink
- Department of Research & Development, Royal GD, AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Gonggrijp
- Department of Research & Development, Royal GD, AA Deventer, The Netherlands
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Development of Cerium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings with Antimicrobial Properties for Biomedical Applications. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial cerium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ce-HAp) layers have been researched sparingly in recent years. The Ce-HAp powder, Ca10−xCex(PO4)6(OH)2 with xCe = 0.05, was obtained by an adapted chemical co-precipitation method at room temperature. The target was prepared using the Ce-HAp (xCe = 0.05) powder sintered in air at 600 °C. The coatings on the Ti substrate were generated in plasma using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering discharge in an Ar gas flow in a single run. To collect the most complete information regarding the antimicrobial activity of cerium-doped hydroxyapatite with xCe = 0.05, (5Ce-HAp), antimicrobial studies were carried out both on the final suspensions and on the coated surfaces. The target was tested using ultrasound measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The present study exhibited for the first time results of the homogeneous coatings of hydroxyapatite doped with cerium using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. In addition, this study highlighted for the first time the stability of the cerium-doped hydroxyapatite gels used in the creation of the coating. Ultrasound measurements on the concentrated suspension of 5Ce-HAp showed a good stability compared to double distilled, water which was chosen as the reference fluid. Particles with spherical shape were observed by both TEM and SEM analysis. The broadening of the IR bands in the IR spectrum of the 5Ce-HAp film in comparison with the IR spectrum of the precursor target indicate the formation of interlinked bonds into the layer bulk. XPS analysis revealed that the mixture of Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions in the hydroxyapatite (HAp) structure of the coatings could be due to the deposition process. The surface of 5Ce-HAp coatings was homogenous with particles having a spherical shape. A uniform distribution of all the constituent elements on the surface the 5Ce-HAp layer was revealed. The antimicrobial assays proved that both 5Ce-HAp suspensions and 5Ce-HAp coatings effectively inhibited the development of colony forming units (CFU) for all the tested microbial strains. Moreover, the antimicrobial assays emphasized that the 5Ce-HAp suspensions had a biocide effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) microbial strains after 72 h of incubation.
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Appiah VA, Pesewu GA, Kotey FCN, Boakye AN, Duodu S, Tette EMA, Nyarko MY, Donkor ES. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization among Children with Sickle Cell Disease at the Children's Hospital, Accra: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050329. [PMID: 32354004 PMCID: PMC7280972 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate S. aureus carriage among children with sickle cell disease (SCD), including the prevalence, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance. The study was cross-sectional, and involved 120 children with SCD recruited at the Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital (PML) in Accra and 100 apparently healthy children from environs of the hospital. Nasal swab samples were collected from the study participants and cultured for bacteria. Confirmation of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were done using the tube coagulase test and mecA polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the S. aureus isolates were tested against standard antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer method. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and clinical data of the study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among the study participants. The nasal carriage prevalence of S. aureus was 33.3% (n = 40) and 10% (n = 10) among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively. As regards MRSA nasal carriage prevalence, the respective values were 3.33% (n = 4) and 0.00% (n = 0). SCD was significantly associated with S. aureus colonization (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.045), but not MRSA colonization (p = 0.128). In the SCD group, the significant predictors of S. aureus carriage were increasing age (p = 0.003; OR = 1.275) and living in self-contained apartments (p = 0.033; OR = 3.632), whereas male gender (p = 0.018; OR = 0.344) and the practice of self-medication (p = 0.039; OR = 0.233) were protective of S. aureus carriage. In the control group, a history of hospitalization in the past year was a risk factor for the carriage of S. aureus (p = 0.048; OR = 14.333). Among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively, the resistance prevalence recorded by S. aureus against the various antibiotics investigated were penicillin (100% each), cotrimoxazole (27.5% vs. 20%), tetracycline (25% vs. 50%), rifampicin (82.5% vs. 50%), erythromycin (30% vs. 20%), clindamycin (32.5% vs. 50%), gentamicin (7.5% vs. 20%), cefoxitin (27.5% vs. 20%), linezolid (30% vs. 40%), and fusidic acid (95% vs. 80%). The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant (MDR) was 92.5% (37/40) in the SCD group and 100% (10/10) in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A. Appiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | - George A. Pesewu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fleischer C. N. Kotey
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, Teshie P. O. Box TS 853, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P. O. Box 4236, Ghana
| | - Alahaman Nana Boakye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, Teshie P. O. Box TS 853, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Duodu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edem M. A. Tette
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P. O. Box 4236, Ghana
| | - Mame Y. Nyarko
- Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital, Accra P. O. Box GP 122, Ghana
| | - Eric S. Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P. O. Box 4236, Ghana
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +233-553-527-140
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Human Defensins: A Novel Approach in the Fight against Skin Colonizing Staphylococcus a ureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040198. [PMID: 32326312 PMCID: PMC7235756 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism capable of causing numerous diseases of the human skin. The incidence of S. aureus skin infections reflects the conflict between the host skin′s immune defenses and the S. aureus’ virulence elements. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small protein molecules involved in numerous biological activities, playing a very important role in the innate immunity. They constitute the defense of the host′s skin, which prevents harmful microorganisms from entering the epithelial barrier, including S. aureus. However, S. aureus uses ambiguous mechanisms against host defenses by promoting colonization and skin infections. Our review aims to provide a reference collection on host-pathogen interactions in skin disorders, including S. aureus infections and its resistance to methicillin (MRSA). In addition to these, we discuss the involvement of defensins and other innate immunity mediators (i.e., toll receptors, interleukin-1, and interleukin-17), involved in the defense of the host against the skin disorders caused by S. aureus, and then focus on the evasion mechanisms developed by the pathogenic microorganism under analysis. This review provides the “state of the art” on molecular mechanisms underlying S. aureus skin infection and the pharmacological potential of AMPs as a new therapeutic strategy, in order to define alternative directions in the fight against cutaneous disease.
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Ozdamar M. Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at admission among high-risk Turkish and international patients. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:73-78. [PMID: 32160784 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization at admission in a group of presumably high-risk international or Turkish patients referred to our center for elective operations, some of whom were from countries with an unknown prevalence of MRSA infection or colonization. METHODS The results of nasal swab screening for MRSA colonization performed using a specific algorithm between 2011 and 2018 in a private medical center were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of MRSA was ascertained using culture and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). RESULTS A total of 3,795 patients were included in the study. More than half of the patients were ≤19 years of age (2,094, 55.2%), and MRSA positivity was more common among these patients. Turkish patients constituted 24.5% of the study population. International patients were most frequently referred from Iraq (55.92%), Libya (11.44%), Romania (2.69%), and Bulgaria (1.98%). MRSA positivity was significantly more common among patients referred from other countries when compared to Turkish nationals (11.5% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.00001). Countries with the highest prevalence rates of MRSA colonization were as follows with decreasing order: United Arab Emirates, 25.0%; Georgia, 23.1%; Russia, 22.7%; Iraq, 13.0%, Romania, 12.7%. Other countries with high number of admitted patients (>70 patients) had the following MRSA rates: Turkey, 4.4%; Libya, 6.0%; Bulgaria, 5.3%. CONCLUSIONS Although MRSA has a low prevalence in our center, a variation in the rate of MRSA positivity was observed across patients from different countries. Absence hospital acquired contamination or outbreaks in our institution may be attributed to the screening algorithm used and underscores the importance of risk analysis for patients referred from geographical locations with unknown MRSA frequency, to reduce the risk of transmission.
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Raita MS, Iconaru SL, Groza A, Cimpeanu C, Predoi G, Ghegoiu L, Badea ML, Chifiriuc MC, Marutescu L, Trusca R, Furnaris CF, Turculet CS, Enache DV, Predoi D. Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite Coated with Arthemisia absinthium Composites. Molecules 2020; 25:E413. [PMID: 31963829 PMCID: PMC7024177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant research showing that essential oils extracted from the plants have antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to develop a biocomposite based on hydroxyapatite coated with Artemisia absinthium essential oil and to highlight its antibacterial activity. Therefore, present studies are aimed at developing new materials combining hydroxyapatite with Artemisia absinthium essential oil, in order to avoid postoperative infections. The purpose of this work is to highlight the antimicrobial properties of the Artemisia absinthium essential oil-hydroxyapatite composites obtained by a simple method and at low costs. The structural properties and antimicrobial efficiency of the Artemisia absinthium essential oil-hydroxyapatite composite have been studied. The samples based on Artemisia absinthium essential oil analyzed in this study showed that wormwood essential oil presented the highest efficacy against the fungal strain of C. parapsilosis. It has been shown that wormwood essential oil has a strong antimicrobial effect against the microbial strains tested in this study. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the biocomposites based on hydroxyapatite and essential oil are due to the presence of the essential oil in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Stefania Raita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.R.); (G.P.); (C.F.F.)
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Andreea Groza
- Low Temperature Plasma Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 36, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.R.); (G.P.); (C.F.F.)
| | - Liliana Ghegoiu
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Monica Luminita Badea
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.); (M.L.B.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Portocalelor Lane, 77206 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.C.); (L.M.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Marutescu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Portocalelor Lane, 77206 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.C.); (L.M.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Trusca
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Florin Furnaris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.R.); (G.P.); (C.F.F.)
| | - Claudiu Stefan Turculet
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dorin Valter Enache
- Faculty of Food and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Blvd., 500036 Brașov, Romania;
| | - Daniela Predoi
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.); (M.L.B.)
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Neradova K, Jakubu V, Pomorska K, Zemlickova H. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:4. [PMID: 31906922 PMCID: PMC6945690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Neradova
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladislav Jakubu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Pomorska
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zemlickova
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bharadwaj S, Ho SK, Khong KC, Seet A, Yeo KC, Chan XY, Wong LL, Karlin RB, Chan DKL, Ling ML. Eliminating MRSA transmission in a tertiary neonatal unit-A quality improvement initiative. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:1329-1335. [PMID: 31326262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care facility-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HO-MRSA) colonization or infection is a major cause of health care-associated infection (HAI) worldwide. HAIs are preventable and considered a health care quality outcome indicator. A quality improvement project to eliminate HO-MRSA transmission was conducted in a tertiary care neonatal unit over a 9-month period, and sustainability data were monitored. The primary aim of this project was to achieve zero transmission of MRSA among all neonatal unit admissions, and secondary aims were to improve hand hygiene (HH) and environmental hygiene compliance to 100%. METHODS Existing inpatient admission processes, staff HH, and environmental hygiene practices were critically analyzed. Sequential interventions were implemented, including reinforcing staff awareness on infection control practices through regular education and updates, providing "just in time" feedback, ensuring easy availability of cleaning equipment, individualizing items for all patients, keeping personal belongings away from clinical areas, and revising admission work flow for ex-utero transferred babies from other hospitals. RESULTS The neonatal unit achieved zero MRSA transmission to previously noninfected and noncolonized patients over the 9-month period, and HH and environmental hygiene compliance improved from a preintervention median of 87.1% and 82.2%, respectively, to 100%, which has been sustained to date. CONCLUSIONS Intensive reinforcement of infection control practices, strict cohorting of ex-utero transfers, universal surveillance on admission, and improvement in HH and environmental hygiene compliance were key to infection prevention and control measures, resulting in elimination of MRSA transmission in our neonatal unit.
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Sawada M, Oe K, Hirata M, Kawamura H, Ueda N, Nakamura T, Iida H, Saito T. Linezolid versus daptomycin treatment for periprosthetic joint infections: a retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:334. [PMID: 31651331 PMCID: PMC6814137 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linezolid (LZD) and daptomycin (DAP) are predominantly used to target gram-positive pathogens; however, treatment effectiveness and adverse reactions for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and adverse reactions of LZD and DAP for PJIs. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated 82 patients between June 2009 and December 2017, to compare the effectiveness of LZD (group L, n = 39) and DAP (group D, n = 43) for treatment of PJIs harboring gram-positive microorganisms. Surgical options used with LZD or DAP therapy included implant retention, implant removal, and a shift to another appropriate antibiotic. Infection control was defined as not requiring implant removal after the final treatment. RESULTS Gram-positive pathogens were isolated from 72% of group L and 70% of group D patients, respectively. Whole infection control rates against gram-positive pathogens in groups L and D were 79% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, infection control rates were 94% and 58% in group L and 75% and 80% in group D, without and with implant removal, respectively. Significantly higher clinical success rates and lower adverse event rates were observed in group D, including higher red blood cell and platelet counts and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. CONCLUSIONS Although the effectiveness of LZD and DAP was equivalent in terms of infection control rates for refractory PJIs with gram-positive pathogens, DAP therapy significantly decreased CRP levels and caused fewer adverse events than LZD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sawada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Kenichi Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Narumi Ueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Takanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
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Van Erp JHJ, Heineken AC, Van Wensen RJA, Van Kempen RWTM, Hendriks JGE, Wegdam-Blans M, Fonville JM, Van Der Steen MC(M. Optimization of the empirical antibiotic choice during the treatment of acute prosthetic joint infections: a retrospective analysis of 91 patients. Acta Orthop 2019; 90:455-459. [PMID: 31132902 PMCID: PMC6746268 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2019.1621595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - The preferred treatment of an acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention of the prosthesis (DAIR). The antibiotic treatment consists of an empirical and targeted phase. In the empirical phase, intravenous antibiotics are started after surgery before micro-organisms are determined in microbiological cultures. Which empirical antibiotic is used differs between hospitals, partly reflecting geographic differences in susceptibility spectrums. We investigated whether flucloxacillin should remain the antibiotic of choice in our hospital for empiric treatment of acute PJI with DAIR. Patients and methods - We retrospectively analyzed 91 patients treated for PJI with DAIR between 2012 and 2016. The susceptibility of micro-organisms was determined in multiple cultures of periprosthetic tissue and synovial fluid for 3 antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, and flucloxacillin. Results - Positive microbiological cultures from 68 patients were analyzed. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen, cultured in half of the patients. In one-third of patients more than 1 micro-organism was found. On a patient level, the data showed that 65% were responsive to flucloxacillin, 76% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 79% to cefazolin. Interpretation - Flucloxacillin appeared to be a suboptimal choice in our patient population treated with DAIR. We therefore changed our practice to cefazolin as the preferred antibiotic in the empirical treatment of acute PJI with DAIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost H J Van Erp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven;
| | - Adriaan C Heineken
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven;
| | | | | | | | | | - Judith M Fonville
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Stichting PAMM, Veldhoven, The Netherlands,Correspondence:
| | - M C (Marieke) Van Der Steen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven; ,Orthopaedic Center Máxima, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven;
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Donkor ES, Kotey FCN, Dayie NTKD, Duodu S, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Osei MM, Tette EMA. Colonization of HIV-Infected Children with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 2019; 8:E35. [PMID: 30884909 PMCID: PMC6470964 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a public health threat owing to its extensive resistance to antibiotics, association with persistent outbreaks, and markedly increased healthcare costs. Moreover, HIV-infected individuals are at a greater risk for colonization with MRSA, and may act as reservoirs for subsequent transmission to other individuals. In Ghana, little is known about MRSA in relation to at-risk populations, such as HIV-infected children. The aim of this study was to investigate nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among HIV-infected children in Accra, including the prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic resistance. METHODOLOGY The study was cross-sectional, and involved 107 children with HIV infection and an equal number of sex- and age group- matched apparently healthy controls recruited from the Princess Marie Louis Children's Hospital in Accra. Nasal swab specimens were collected from the study participants and cultured for bacteria. S. aureus isolates were confirmed by the coagulase test while MRSA was confirmed by PCR of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates was done by the Kirby Bauer method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic, household and clinical features of the study participants. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among participants of both study groups. RESULTS The carriage prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA were 44.9% (48) and 5.6% (6), respectively, among the HIV-infected individuals, and the corresponding values within the control group were 23.4% (25) and 0.9% (1). There was a significant association between HIV infection and S. aureus colonization (p < 0.001), but not MRSA colonization (p = 0.055). The main predictor of S. aureus colonization in both study groups was absence of colonization with coagulase negative staphylococcus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the main predictor of MRSA colonization was regular hand washing with soap (p = 0.043); this was observed among HIV-infected individuals but not the control group. The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant was 62.3% (33/53) in the HIV-infected group and 80% (20/25) in the control group (p = 0.192). CONCLUSIONS HIV infection is a risk factor for nasal colonization of S. aureus among children in Accra but may not be for MRSA. Both the HIV-infected and uninfected children are reservoirs of multidrug resistant S. aureus. Demographic, household and clinical features appear to have little or no relationship with S. aureus and MRSA colonization in the study children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Fleischer C N Kotey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
- FleRhoLife Research Consult, P. O. Box TS 853, Teshie, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Nicholas T K D Dayie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Duodu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Mary-Magdalene Osei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Edem M A Tette
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Pei S, Morone F, Liljeros F, Makse H, Shaman JL. Inference and control of the nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. eLife 2018; 7:e40977. [PMID: 30560786 PMCID: PMC6298769 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a continued threat to human health in both community and healthcare settings. In hospitals, control efforts would benefit from accurate estimation of asymptomatic colonization and infection importation rates from the community. However, developing such estimates remains challenging due to limited observation of colonization and complicated transmission dynamics within hospitals and the community. Here, we develop an inference framework that can estimate these key quantities by combining statistical filtering techniques, an agent-based model, and real-world patient-to-patient contact networks, and use this framework to infer nosocomial transmission and infection importation over an outbreak spanning 6 years in 66 Swedish hospitals. In particular, we identify a small number of patients with disproportionately high risk of colonization. In retrospective control experiments, interventions targeted to these individuals yield a substantial improvement over heuristic strategies informed by number of contacts, length of stay and contact tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Flaviano Morone
- Levich Institute and Physics DepartmentCity College of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Hernán Makse
- Levich Institute and Physics DepartmentCity College of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jeffrey L Shaman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00020-18. [PMID: 30209034 PMCID: PMC6148192 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00020-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, has a collection of virulence factors and the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics. This ability is further augmented by constant emergence of new clones, making S. aureus a "superbug." Clinical use of methicillin has led to the appearance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The past few decades have witnessed the existence of new MRSA clones. Unlike traditional MRSA residing in hospitals, the new clones can invade community settings and infect people without predisposing risk factors. This evolution continues with the buildup of the MRSA reservoir in companion and food animals. This review focuses on imparting a better understanding of MRSA evolution and its molecular characterization and epidemiology. We first describe the origin of MRSA, with emphasis on the diverse nature of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). mecA and its new homologues (mecB, mecC, and mecD), SCCmec types (13 SCCmec types have been discovered to date), and their classification criteria are discussed. The review then describes various typing methods applied to study the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary nature of MRSA. Starting with the historical methods and continuing to the advanced whole-genome approaches, typing of collections of MRSA has shed light on the origin, spread, and evolutionary pathways of MRSA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreena Lakhundi
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Velasco V, Vergara JL, Bonilla AM, Muñoz J, Mallea A, Vallejos D, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Campos J, Rojas-García P. Prevalence and Characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains in the Pork Chain Supply in Chile. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:262-268. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Velasco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - José L. Vergara
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana M. Bonilla
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alejandra Mallea
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Diego Vallejos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Campos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pedro Rojas-García
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Predoi D, Iconaru SL, Buton N, Badea ML, Marutescu L. Antimicrobial Activity of New Materials Based on Lavender and Basil Essential Oils and Hydroxyapatite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E291. [PMID: 29710862 PMCID: PMC5977305 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presents, for the first-time, the results of a study on the hydrodynamic diameter of essential oils (EOs) of basil and lavender in water, and solutions of EOs of basil (B) and lavender (L) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The possible influence of basil and lavender EOs on the size of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We also investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant EOs and plant EOs hydroxyapatite respectively, against Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus1144 (MRSA 1144) and S. aureus 1426) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Escherichia coli ESBL 4493). From the autocorrelation function, obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements it was observed that basil yielded one peak at an average hydrodynamic diameter of 354.16 nm, while lavender yielded one peak at an average hydrodynamic diameter of 259.76 nm. In the case of HAp nanoparticles coated with basil (HApB) and lavender (HApL) essential oil, the aggregation was minimal. We found that the lavender EO exhibited a very good inhibitory growth activity (MIC values ranging from <0.1% for E. coli reference strain to 0.78% for S. aureus strains). The biological studies indicated that HapL material displayed an enhanced antimicrobial activity, indicating the potential use of HAp as vehicle for low concentrations of lavender EO with antibacterial properties. Flow cytometry analysis (FCM) allowed us to determine some of the potential mechanisms of the antimicrobial activities of EOs, suggesting that lavender EO was active against E. coli by interfering with membrane potential, the membrane depolarization effect being increased by incorporation of the EOs into the microporous structure of HAp. These findings could contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents that are urgently needed for combating the antibiotic resistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG7, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG7, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Nicolas Buton
- HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S., 6-18, Rue du Canal, 91165 Longjumeau CEDEX, France.
| | - Monica Luminita Badea
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture, 59 Mărăşti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Luminita Marutescu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1⁻3 Portocalelor Lane, 77206 Bucharest, Romania.
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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40
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Peng HM, Wang LC, Zhai JL, Weng XS, Feng B, Wang W. Effectiveness of preoperative decolonization with nasal povidone iodine in Chinese patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery: a prospective cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6736. [PMID: 29267501 PMCID: PMC5734184 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the nares of patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery increases the potential risk of surgical site infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has gained recognition as a pathogen that is no longer only just a hospital-acquired pathogen. Patients positive for MRSA are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality following infection. MRSA is commonly found in the nares, and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) is even more prevalent. Recently, studies have determined that screening for this pathogen prior to surgery and diminishing staphylococcal infections at the surgical site will dramatically reduce surgical site infections. A nasal mupirocin treatment is shown to significantly reduce the colonization of the pathogen. However, this treatment is expensive and is currently not available in China. Thus, in this study, we first sought to determine the prevalence of MSSA/MSRA in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery in northern China, and then, we treated the positive patients with a nasal povidone-iodine swab. Here, we demonstrate a successful reduction in the colonization of S. aureus. We propose that this treatment could serve as a cost-effective means of eradicating this pathogen in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery, which might reduce the rate of surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L-C Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J-L Zhai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X-S Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Matta R, Hallit S, Hallit R, Bawab W, Rogues AM, Salameh P. Epidemiology and microbiological profile comparison between community and hospital acquired infections: A multicenter retrospective study in Lebanon. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:405-411. [PMID: 28970096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the species resistance of different pathogens between community acquired and hospital acquired infections pointing at patients' related independent co-morbidities and socio-demographic factors. METHODS It was a retrospective cohort, multicenter study from five private hospitals located in Beirut and Mount Lebanon. Two hundred fifty-eight adult patients were included. RESULTS 110 Gram negative pathogens and 26 Gram positive pathogens were implicated in hospital acquired infections. The Gram-negative bacteria that showed a positive correlation regarding patient's type of infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.2%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (3.1%). These bacteria were more frequent in patients with hospital acquired infections (P=0.002, 0.013 and 0.017 respectively). The ratio of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae and multi drug P. aeruginosa showed high significance in hospital acquired infections. The logistic regression, showed a significant relationship between resistant bacteria and age (p<0.001, ORa=5.680, CI [2.344; 13.765]) and immunosuppressed state (p=0.003, ORa=3.137, CI [1.485; 6.630]) and an inverse relationship for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (p=0.006, ORa=0.403, CI [0.212; 0.765]). CONCLUSION Our results confirm that hospital acquired infections/bacteria have higher rates of resistance when compared to community acquired; these rates increase with age, immunosuppression and are inversely proportional with COPD. Therefore, physicians should be aware of patients' comorbidities to properly guide initial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula Matta
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, France; Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon.
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Wafaa Bawab
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Pascale Salameh
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Unité INSERM 657, Bordeaux 2 University, Bordeaux, France; Lebanese University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ivbule M, Miklaševičs E, Čupāne L, Bērziņa L, Bāliņš A, Valdovska A. MRSA in Pig Population. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:383-392. [PMID: 29319526 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is widespread worldwide in different types of animal species and as a zoonosis takes a great risk for human health not only as a food toxicoinfection, but also as a highly resistant pathogen causing serious soft tissue infectious, septicaemia and even death. One of the most affected food-producing animal species is swine in the production of which new antibiotics in big amounts are used more and more continuously, increasing antimicrobial resistance. In this study several commercial pig farms and pigs with different age groups as well as farm workers and samples from environment were examined with the purpose of detecting MRSA prevalence and evaluating antimicrobial resistance. A total of 85 isolated MRSA strains were characterised by conventional microbial and molecular methods. MRSA was found in all farms. MRSA prevalence in different pig age groups and farms varied from none to 79.2% reaching higher values among 3-3.5 (26.6%) and 4-4.5 (31.9%) old pigs. The 98.7% of 74 further investigated MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, 94.9% to tetracycline, 45.6% to cephalexin and 10 different spa types were found among which spa type t011 was the most widespread. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time MRSA was researched in sow milk and the first description of the presence of MRSA in several age groups of pigs in Latvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meldra Ivbule
- Food and Veterinary Service, Veterinary Surveillance Department, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Liene Čupāne
- Riga Stradins University, Institute of Oncology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Bērziņa
- Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Information Technology, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Andris Bāliņš
- Latvia University of Agriculture, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Anda Valdovska
- Latvia University of Agriculture Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jelgava, Latvia
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Kumar S, Shankar B, Arya S, Deb M, Chellani H. Healthcare associated infections in neonatal intensive care unit and its correlation with environmental surveillance. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:275-279. [PMID: 28864361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are frequent complications in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) with varying risk factors and bacteriological profile. There is paucity of literature comparing the bacteriological profile of organisms causing HAI with the environmental surveillance isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate demographic profile, risk factors and outcome of HAI in NICU and correlate with environmental surveillance. Three hundred newborns with signs and symptoms of sepsis were enrolled in the study group and their profile, risk factors and outcome were compared with the control group. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Environmental surveillance results were compared to the bacteriological profile of HAIs. We identified lower gestational age, male gender and apgar score less than 7 at 5min, use of peripheral vascular catheter & ventilator along with their duration as significant risk factors. Mortality rate was 29% in the study group (p<0.05). The HAI site distribution showed blood-stream infections (73%) to be the most common followed by pneumonia (12%) and meningitis (10%). Gram positive cocci were the most common isolates in HAI as well as environmental surveillance. The bacteriological profile of HAI correlates with the environmental surveillance report thus insisting for periodic surveillance and thereby avoiding irrational antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Binoy Shankar
- Department of Paediatrics, PGIMER & Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sugandha Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manorma Deb
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Harish Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Mkize N, Zishiri OT, Mukaratirwa S. Genetic characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from commercial broiler chickens in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2017; 88:e1-e7. [PMID: 28470080 PMCID: PMC6138211 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in human and veterinary medicine is a serious worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus in commercial broiler chickens as well as to establish antimicrobial susceptibility and the distribution of genetic determinants conferring resistance and virulence. One hundred and ninety-four samples were aseptically collected from broiler chicken slaughterhouses and retail outlets around the Durban metropolitan area in South Africa. Microbiological and molecular methods were used to detect the presence of S. aureus as well as its resistance- and virulence-associated genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the presence of S. aureus by amplifying the nuc gene. Approximately 54% of 194 samples were positive for S. aureus. The disc diffusion technique was used to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the S. aureus isolates to a battery of 10 antimicrobial agents, namely ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, vancomycin and trimethoprim. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolates of abattoir origin had a high level (79.4%) of resistance to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin, vancomycin, cefoxitin, trimethoprim, erythromycin and streptomycin with resistance rates of 65.1%, 61.9%, 60.3%, 58.7%, 57.1% and 46.0%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates of retail origin exhibited higher antimicrobial resistance prevalence rates than those of abattoir origin. Tetracycline had the highest resistance rate (100%), followed by cefoxitin (91.7%), erythromycin (83.3%), streptomycin (83.3%) and kanamycin (66.7%). All isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Out of the four virulence genes that were screened, only two were detected (coagulase and protein A); however, their prevalence rates were very low. All antimicrobial resistance genes screened were detected (mecA, BlaZ and tetK), although their prevalence did not correspond with antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Dickmann P, Keeping S, Döring N, Schmidt AE, Binder C, Ariño-Blasco S, Gil J. Communicating the Risk of MRSA: The Role of Clinical Practice, Regulation and Other Policies in Five European Countries. Front Public Health 2017; 5:44. [PMID: 28367432 PMCID: PMC5355491 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The threat posed by Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has taken on an increasingly pan-European dimension. This article aims to provide an overview of the different approaches to the control of MRSA adopted in five European countries (Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, and the UK) and discusses data and reporting mechanisms, regulations, guidelines, and health policy approaches with a focus on risk communication. Our hypothesis is that current infection control practices in different European countries are implicit messages that contribute to the health-related risk communication and subsequently to the public perception of risk posed by MRSA. A reporting template was used to systematically collect information from each country. DISCUSSION Large variation in approaches was observed between countries. However, there were a number of consistent themes relevant to the communication of key information regarding MRSA, including misleading messages, inconsistencies in content and application of published guidelines, and frictions between the official communication and their adoption on provider level. SUMMARY The variability of recommendations within, and across, countries could be contributing to the perception of inconsistency. Having inconsistent guidelines and practices in place may also be affecting the level at which recommended behaviors are adopted. The discrepancy between the official, explicit health messages around MRSA and the implicit messages stemming from the performance of infection control measures should, therefore, be a key target for those wishing to improve risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dickmann
- London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), LSE Health, London, UK; dickmann risk communication (drc), London, UK; Department for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sam Keeping
- London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), LSE Health , London , UK
| | - Nora Döring
- Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care (Caphri) of the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claudia Binder
- European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Sergio Ariño-Blasco
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Hospital General Granollers , Granollers , Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Hospital General Granollers, Granollers, Spain; Department of Economics and BEAT Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Thai VC, Lim TK, Le KPU, Lin Q, Nguyen TTH. iTRAQ-based proteome analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 8:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Shariq A, Tanvir SB, Zaman A, Khan S, Anis A, Khan MA, Ahmed S. Susceptibility profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to linezolid in clinical isolates. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2017; 11:1-4. [PMID: 28293153 PMCID: PMC5327668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the resistance and sensitivity pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates to linezolid (LZD) along with its prevalence in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out. This study lasted for about 1 year. Prevalence and sensitivity of LZD, vancomycin, and oxacillin was tested against isolates of MRSA. RESULTS Out of total 369 specimens 165 were found to be MRSA making the prevalence in our study 44.7%. All of the isolates which were tested positive for MRSA were susceptible to LZD and no resistance was noted when compared with previous studies performed in Europe and USA. CONCLUSION Stringent implementation of infection control measures along with screening for resistance in patients on prolonged LZD therapy or who previously went under LZD therapy should be performed, coupled with judicious usage of the aforementioned antibiotic should be undertaken, as sufficient data is not available at this point for the clinical spectrum of LZD resistant S. aureus, antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shariq
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin, Medical University Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan,Address for correspondence: Ali Shariq, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan. P.O. Box 75600, Pakistan. Phone: +923452287483. E-mail:
| | - Syed Bilal Tanvir
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atif Zaman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Armeena Anis
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Misha Aftab Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Heydari B, Karimzadeh I, Khalili H, Shojaei E, Ebrahimi A. Infective endocarditis; report from a main referral teaching hospital in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:390-398. [PMID: 28496492 PMCID: PMC5423264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, microbiological, echocardiographic, and therapeutic profile as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with infective endocarditis at a referral center for various infectious diseases in Iran. METHODS Required demographic, clinical, plausible complications and paraclinical data were collected from patients' medical charts. Echocardiographic findings were obtained by performing transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography as clinically indicated. In addition, details of management modalities and in-hospital outcome of patients were recorded. RESULTS During a 3-year period, 55 patients with definite or possible diagnosis of Infective endocarditis were admitted to the ward. Twenty one (38.2%) patients were injection drug users. Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms. Management modalities of Infective endocarditis included antimicrobial therapy alone (48 cases) and the combination of antimicrobial therapy and surgery (7 cases). CONCLUSION The rate of negative blood culture in our cohort is high. S. aureus and S.epidermidis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms from positive blood cultures. Congestive heart failure was the most frequent infective endocarditis complication as well as indication for surgery. In-hospital mortality rate of patients was unexpectedly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Heydari
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Esfandiar Shojaei
- Depatrment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Criddle P, Potter J. Exploring patients' views on colonisation with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/14690446060070020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
his qualitative study follows previous research on how meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects patients as reported by healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to research the phenomenon of being colonised with MRSA from the patient's perspective. A total of 14 patients were interviewed following discharge from hospital, transcripts were then analysed using an interpretive phenomenological approach. The key findings are reported under the four themes of information provision, patient understanding, lived experience and information needs. Poor information provision was a key theme, experienced by many patients. This resulted in some patients feeling confused and often anxious, and for some affected their lives both in and out of hospital. Providing good quality and reassuring information appropriate to the patient and their current condition is key to improving understanding, deflecting the impact of the media and reducing significance of this symptom-free state. Recommendations for practice include enhanced training for healthcare workers on how to address sensitively the patient's information needs and reduce unnecessary confusion and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Criddle
- Infection Control Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW
| | - J. Potter
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW
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Parascandalo FA, Zarb P, Tartari E, Lacej D, Bitincka S, Manastirliu O, Nika D, Borg MA. Carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary university hospital in Albania-a point prevalence survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:29. [PMID: 27499852 PMCID: PMC4975909 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance has been recognised as a serious global Public Health problem. Prevalence of Multiple-Drug-Resistant (MDR) organism carriage in Albania is largely unknown since no national surveillance system is in place and few publications are accessible in the literature. METHODS A 1-day point-prevalence-survey (PPS) screening for nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and rectal MDR Gram-negative carriage was carried out at the high-dependency wards in the country's only tertiary care hospital, in Tirana. RESULTS A total of 106 nasal and 104 rectal swabs were collected. 14.2 % of patients (95 % Confidence Interval [95 CI]: 8.1-22.3 %) were MRSA nasal carriers. Resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones was common in these isolates (≥80 %) but no resistance was identified against glycopeptides, nitrofurantoin and the relatively newer agents, tigecycline and linezolid. Fifty Enterobacteriaceae isolates were cultivated from 33 of 104 screened patients (31.7 % [95 CI: 22.9-41.6 % 95 CI]). The prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Enterobacteriaceae was 41.3 % (95 CI: 31.8-51.4 %). The two more commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli ([n = 28], 24 ESBL positive; 1 AmpC positive and 3 without an identified mechanism of resistance) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ([n = 13], all ESBL positive; 1 also AmpC and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) positive). Susceptibility to carbapenems (≥98 %), fosfomycin (90 %) and amikacin (70 + 20 % intermediate) was high but a high level of resistance to all other agents tested was noted. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were less commonly isolated {22 isolates: Acinetobacter baumannii (9); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5)}. CONCLUSION Although a significant rate of MRSA carriage was identified, the main resistance challenge in Albania appears to be linked with Gram-negative organisms, particularly ESBL in Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falzon A Parascandalo
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - P Zarb
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - E Tartari
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - D Lacej
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - S Bitincka
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - O Manastirliu
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - D Nika
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - M A Borg
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
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