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Alisjahbana B, Debora J, Susandi E, Darmawan G. Chromobacterium violaceum: A Review of an Unexpected Scourge. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3259-3270. [PMID: 34267544 PMCID: PMC8276824 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s272193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a common environmental bacterium that rarely causes disease in humans but has a high fatality rate if it does. Due to the rarity of the cases, clinicians are often unaware of the rapid progression of C. violaceum infection and its unexpected antibiotic resistance pattern, which contribute to the failure of patient management. Our review provides the clinical characteristics, possible sources of exposure, and comorbidities and determines factors associated with survival. We gathered information on 132 cases of C. violaceum causing disease in humans published between 1953 and 2020. Patients were predominantly male with a median age of 17.5, interquartile range (IQR) of 5.0-40.0 years, and a third of them were known to have immune deficiencies or comorbidities. Portals of entry were mainly through a wound in the leg and feet (28.0%), the torso (8.5%), or hands and arms (6.8%). It is not uncommon to acquire infection through unintended contact with contaminated water or dust through the mouth or inhalation. The median incubation period is 4.0 days (IQR 2.0-8.0 days) with a duration of clinical course of 17.5 days (IQR 8.0-30.8 days). The high rate of positive blood cultures (56.1%) and abscesses in internal organs (36.4%) shows the significant severity of this disease. Sepsis and Bacteremia were related to mortality with a risk ratio (RR) of 5.20 (95% CI, 0.831-32.58) and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.05-4.36), respectively. Appropriate antibiotic use prevented death at a RR 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21-0.52). Most patients who recovered and survived were treated with aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. This review shows the malignant nature of C. violaceum infection and the need for clinicians to be aware and provide prompt source management for patients. Appropriate empiric and targeted antibiotic regiment guided by susceptibility test results is of vital importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachti Alisjahbana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Josephine Debora
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Evan Susandi
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Guntur Darmawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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2
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Mesquita MCSR, Moreira JMAR, Nogueira BS, Morgado T, Ribeiro M, Colodel EM, Nakazato L, Dutra V. Sepsis in cougar (Puma concolor) associated with Chromobacterium violaceum. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1611-1615. [PMID: 33829376 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Chromobacterium is widely distributed in the environment and is composed of Gram-negative, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic bacilli that occur in violet-colored colonies. These bacteria rarely cause infections, but when it occurs, it spreads quickly and has a high mortality. Because diseases are infrequent, the diagnosis is often delayed, and it takes time for suitable treatment to be initiated, leading to increased mortality due to the rapid progression of the disease. After the death of a cougar, serologically positive for feline leukemia virus, at the Center for Medicine and Research on Wild Animals of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, an autopsy was carried out, and fragments of its organs were sent for bacterial culture. Significant lesions were found, mainly in the liver and lungs, and upon bacterial isolation, violet-colored colonies were obtained from all of the referred organs, suggestive of C. violaceum, which was later confirmed by 16S DNA sequencing. The objective of this study was to report a case of death associated primarily with disseminated infection caused by C. violaceum in a FeLV-positive wild cougar in July 2018; no other occurrence in this species has yet been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C S R Mesquita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Marcela A R Moreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Nogueira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Thais Morgado
- Sector of Wild Medicine, UFMT Veterinary Hospital, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Marlon Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital from UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
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3
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Tran T, Dawrs SN, Norton GJ, Virdi R, Honda JR. Brought to you courtesy of the red, white, and blue-pigments of nontuberculous mycobacteria. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:434-450. [PMID: 33364537 PMCID: PMC7755587 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments are chromophores naturally synthesized by animals, plants, and microorganisms, as well as produced synthetically for a wide variety of industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. Bacteria produce various pigments including melanin, pyocyanin, bacteriochlorophyll, violacein, prodigiosin, and carotenoids that exert diverse biological activities as antioxidants and demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include over 200 environmental and acid-fast species; some of which can cause opportunistic disease in humans. Early in the study of mycobacteriology, the vast majority of mycobacteria were not known to synthesize pigments, particularly NTM isolates of clinical significance such as the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species. This paper reviews the overall understanding of microbial pigments, their applications, as well as highlights what is currently known about pigments produced by NTM, the circumstances that trigger their production, and their potential roles in NTM survival and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tru Tran
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie N Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Grant J Norton
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ravleen Virdi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Mazumder R, Sadique T, Sen D, Mozumder P, Rahman T, Chowdhury A, Halim F, Akter N, Ahmed D. Agricultural Injury-Associated Chromobacterium violaceum Infection in a Bangladeshi Farmer. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1039-1042. [PMID: 32588814 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is an emerging environmental pathogen that causes life-threatening infection in humans and animals. In October 2017, a Bangladeshi farmer was hospitalized with high-grade fever due to an agricultural injury-related wound infection. Bacteriological and 16S rRNA gene investigation detected C. violaceum in the wound discharge. The patient recovered successfully after a combination treatment with meropenem and ciprofloxacin, followed by prolonged medication to avoid recurrence. We strongly propose to incorporate C. violaceum in the differential diagnosis of wound and skin infections occurring in tropical and subtropical regions, especially when the injury was exposed to soil or sluggish water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razib Mazumder
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Sadique
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Debashis Sen
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Mozumder
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tania Rahman
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Chowdhury
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Halim
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dilruba Ahmed
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Draft Genome Sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum RDN09, Isolated from a Patient with a Wound Infection in Bangladesh. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/42/e00957-20. [PMID: 33060272 PMCID: PMC7561691 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00957-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is an emerging environmental opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in humans. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum RDN09, isolated from the infected wound of an adult male patient in Bangladesh. The genome assembly consists of 4,736,739 bp spread across 84 contigs. Chromobacterium violaceum is an emerging environmental opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in humans. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum RDN09, isolated from the infected wound of an adult male patient in Bangladesh. The genome assembly consists of 4,736,739 bp spread across 84 contigs.
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6
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Soares R, Dias Neto N, Guizelini C, Araújo M, Leal C, Möck T, Ramos C. Chromobacteriosis (Chromobacterium violaceum) in a calf from Brazil - case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare opportunistic pathogen that causes highly fatal infections in domestic animals and humans. This report describes a fatal case suggestive of septicemia in a four-day-old female calf with chromobacteriosis. The calf had suppurative omphalophlebitis, suppurative fibrinous polyarthritis, anterior uveitis with bilateral fibrin deposition, fibrinous peritonitis, lymph node abscess and multifocal lymphocytic and neutrophilic encephalitis with multifocal hemorrhages. C. violaceum was isolated from the spleen and peri-renal lymph node and its identity was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The pathogen was sensitive to azithromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, sulphazotrim, fluorfenicol, tetracycline and doxycycline as well as resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cephalexin, oxacillin, B polymyxin, neomycin and bacitracin. This is the first report of chromobacteriosis in a calf from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.L. Soares
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - M.A. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - C.R.B. Leal
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - T.B.M. Möck
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - C.A.N. Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Berebichez-Fridman R, Solano-Gálvez S, Copitin-Niconova N, Ruy-Díaz Reynoso J, Barrientos-Fortes T, Vázquez-López R. First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Chromobacterium violaceum Isolated from a Wound Sepsis: A Case Study from Nepal. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015; 2015:181946. [PMID: 26788383 PMCID: PMC4695652 DOI: 10.1155/2015/181946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. It enters through the skin injury and is capable of causing severe systemic infections leading to septic shock and multiorgan failure. It has been reported by few authors across the world but this is probably the first case of Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from wound sepsis from Nepal. In this study, a pus sample from the infection of a prick injury in the left middle finger was collected from the patient admitted to the intensive care unit. Bacteriological investigations of the pus sample revealed the causative organism to be Chromobacterium violaceum. This case study indicates that Chromobacterium violaceum can act as a potential cause of wound sepsis that may lead to the septic shock and if not treated timely, the mortality rate can be high as was in this study. Although this organism is very rare, the infection caused requires prompt treatment to minimize the mortality rate. Therefore, we recommend the timely diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of this infection to combat the consequences led.
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9
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Castro D, Cordeiro IB, Taquita P, Eberlin MN, Garcia JS, Souza GHMF, Arruda MAZ, Andrade EV, Filho SA, Crainey JL, Lozano LL, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP. Proteomic analysis of Chromobacterium violaceum and its adaptability to stress. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:272. [PMID: 26627076 PMCID: PMC4666173 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) occurs abundantly in a variety of ecosystems, including ecosystems that place the bacterium under stress. This study assessed the adaptability of C. violaceum by submitting it to nutritional and pH stresses and then analyzing protein expression using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and Maldi mass spectrometry. Results Chromobacterium violaceum grew best in pH neutral, nutrient-rich medium (reference conditions); however, the total protein mass recovered from stressed bacteria cultures was always higher than the total protein mass recovered from our reference culture. The diversity of proteins expressed (repressed by the number of identifiable 2-DE spots) was seen to be highest in the reference cultures, suggesting that stress reduces the overall range of proteins expressed by C. violaceum. Database comparisons allowed 43 of the 55 spots subjected to Maldi mass spectrometry to be characterized as containing a single identifiable protein. Stress-related expression changes were noted for C. violaceum proteins related to the previously characterized bacterial proteins: DnaK, GroEL-2, Rhs, EF-Tu, EF-P; MCP, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, Arginine deiminase and the ATP synthase β-subunit protein as well as for the ribosomal protein subunits L1, L3, L5 and L6. The ability of C. violaceum to adapt its cellular mechanics to sub-optimal growth and protein production conditions was well illustrated by its regulation of ribosomal protein subunits. With the exception of the ribosomal subunit L3, which plays a role in protein folding and maybe therefore be more useful in stressful conditions, all the other ribosomal subunit proteins were seen to have reduced expression in stressed cultures. Curiously, C. violeaceum cultures were also observed to lose their violet color under stress, which suggests that the violacein pigment biosynthetic pathway is affected by stress. Conclusions Analysis of the proteomic signatures of stressed C. violaceum indicates that nutrient-starvation and pH stress can cause changes in the expression of the C. violaceum receptors, transporters, and proteins involved with biosynthetic pathways, molecule recycling, energy production. Our findings complement the recent publication of the C. violeaceum genome sequence and could help with the future commercial exploitation of C. violeaceum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0606-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Castro
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Bezerra Cordeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Paula Taquita
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jerusa Simone Garcia
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edmar V Andrade
- Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Spartaco A Filho
- Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - J Lee Crainey
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Luis Lopez Lozano
- Biotechnology Laboratory/ Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000 Rodrigo Octávio Av., 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia P Orlandi
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Bottieau E, Mukendi D, Kalo JR, Mpanya A, Lutumba P, Barbé B, Chappuis F, Lunguya O, Boelaert M, Jacobs J. Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum bacteraemia in rural Bandundu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 3:21-3. [PMID: 25755887 PMCID: PMC4337932 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first case of bacteraemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This diagnosis was made in an apparently healthy adult who was admitted to a rural hospital of the province of Bandundu with severe community-acquired sepsis. The patient developed multi-organ failure and died; to our knowledge, this is the first reported fatal case in an adult in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Mukendi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - J-R Kalo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - A Mpanya
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P Lutumba
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - B Barbé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Chappuis
- Division of International and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Lunguya
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - M Boelaert
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Okada M, Inokuchi R, Shinohara K, Matsumoto A, Ono Y, Narita M, Ishida T, Kazuki C, Nakajima S, Yahagi N. Chromobacterium haemolyticum-induced bacteremia in a healthy young man. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:406. [PMID: 24004824 PMCID: PMC3766243 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Chromobacterium consists of 7 recognized species. Among those, only C. violaceum, commonly found in the soil and water of tropical and subtropical regions, has been shown to cause human infection. Although human infection is rare, C. violaceum can cause life-threatening sepsis, with metastatic abscesses, most frequently infecting those who are young and healthy. Case presentation We recently identified a case of severe bacteremia caused by Chromobacterium haemolyticum infection in a healthy young patient following trauma and exposure to river water, in Japan. The patient developed necrotizing fasciitis that was successfully treated with a fasciotomy and intravenous ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Conclusions C. haemolyticum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions that progressively worsen after trauma involving exposure to river or lake water, even in temperate regions. Second, early blood cultures for the isolation and identification of the causative organism were important for initiating proper antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, 963-8558 Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
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12
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Chromobacterium violaceum: important insights for virulence and biotechnological potential by exoproteomic studies. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:100-6. [PMID: 23455494 PMCID: PMC3661913 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a beta-proteobacterium with high biotechnological potential, found in tropical environments. This bacterium causes opportunistic infections in both humans and animals, that can spread throughout several tissues, quickly leading to the death of the host. Genomic studies identified potential mechanisms of pathogenicity but no further studies were done to confirm the expression of these systems. In this study 36 unique protein entries were identified in databank from a two-dimensional profile of C. violaceum secreted proteins. Chromobacterium violaceum exoproteomic preliminary studies confirmed the production of proteins identified as virulence factors (such as a collagenase, flagellum proteins, metallopeptidases, and toxins), allowing us to better understand its pathogenicity mechanisms. Biotechnologically interesting proteins (such as chitinase and chitosanase) were also identified among the secreted proteins, as well as proteins involved in the transport and capture of amino acids, carbohydrates, and oxidative stress protection. Overall, the secreted proteins identified provide us important insights on pathogenicity mechanisms, biotechnological potential, and environment adaptation of C. violaceum.
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13
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Soby SD, Gadagkar SR, Contreras C, Caruso FL. Chromobacterium vaccinii sp. nov., isolated from native and cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) bogs and irrigation ponds. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 63:1840-1846. [PMID: 22984138 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.045161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of Gram-negative, motile, mesophilic, violacein-producing bacteria were isolated from the soils and roots of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. and Kalmia angustifolia L. plants and from irrigation ponds associated with wild and cultivated cranberry bogs in Massachusetts, USA. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed these isolates in a clade with Chromobacterium species, but the specialized environment from which they were isolated, their low genomic DNA relatedness with Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472(T) and C. subtsugae PRAA4-1(T), significant differences in fatty acid composition and colony morphology indicate that the cranberry and Kalmia isolates comprise a separate species of Chromobacterium, for which the name Chromobacterium vaccinii sp. nov. is proposed. Strain MWU205(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2314(T) = DSM 25150(T)) is proposed as the type strain for the novel species. Phenotypic analysis of 26 independent isolates of C. vaccinii sp. nov. indicates that, despite close geographical and biological proximity, there is considerable metabolic diversity among individuals within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Soby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Sudhindra R Gadagkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Frank L Caruso
- Cranberry Station, University of Massachusetts, PO Box 569, East Wareham, MA 02538, USA
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Comparative biogeography of Chromobacterium from the neotropics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:355-70. [PMID: 20803105 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Chromobacterium encompasses free-living Gram-negative bacteria. Until 2007, the genus consisted of only one species but six species are now recognized. Chromobacterium violaceum is the type species of the genus and is commonly found in soil and water in tropical and sub-tropical regions. We have investigated a collection of 111 isolates displaying violet pigmentation from undisturbed aquatic and soil environments from Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny revealed that all isolates were allocated in a monophyletic cluster inside the Chromobacterium genus and formed few clusters related most closely with Chromobacterium piscinae. The two sets of isolates from water and soil were analyzed by the repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-PCR genomic fingerprinting technique using a BOX-AR1 primer. The antimicrobial susceptibility and the different carbon sources utilized by these isolates were also investigated. Physiological profiles of the isolates generated by BIOLOG GN2 plates showed great versatility in the substrate utilization, much higher than the C. violaceum ATCC 12472. All isolates exhibited a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ampicillin (MIC > 512 μg/ml) and were inhibited by ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and mercury at the lowest concentration tested (MIC < 2 μg/ml). Thirteen BOX-PCR band patterns were identified from 33 individual fingerprints. Eleven patterns provided evidence for endemic distributions. Antimicrobial susceptibility and BOX-PCR fingerprint clustering showed a clear distinction between Chromobacterium isolates from the water and soil. The results suggested that microenvironment barriers such as water and soil can play an important role in the periodic selection and diversification of Chromobacterium population ecotypes.
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Lim IWM, Stride PJ, Horvath RL, Hamilton-Craig CR, Chau PP. Chromobacterium violaceum endocarditis and hepatic abscesses treated successfully with meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Med J Aust 2009; 190:386-7. [PMID: 19351314 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum infection is uncommon but potentially fatal, with a clinical picture similar to melioidosis but with different antibiotic sensitivities and treatment. This infection can involve any organ, but we believe this is the first reported case of C. violaceum endocarditis.
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Dall'Agnol LT, Martins RN, Vallinoto ACR, Ribeiro KTS. Diversity of Chromobacterium violaceum isolates from aquatic environments of state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:678-82. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Martinez P, Mattar S. Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2008; 49:391-3. [PMID: 18157408 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year old child living in Colombia presented with a history of fever and severe abdominal pain for four days. The patient developed pneumonia, septic shock, multiple organ failure and died on the fifth day of hospitalization. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from admission blood cultures and was resistant to ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martinez
- Tropical Biological Research Institute, University of Cordoba, Monteria, Colombia.
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Grégory A, Ribollet D, Pailla K, Bourgade M, Alma S. [Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia: first case report in the French West Indies]. Med Mal Infect 2007; 37:613-5. [PMID: 17905550 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a fatal case of Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a 42-year-old farm worker living in the French West Indies. The bacteria found in the muddy soil and the stagnant water of tropical and subtropical regions is rarely a source of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grégory
- Laboratoire de biologie, centre hospitalier Louis-Domergue, 97220 Trinité, Martinique
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