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Gonzalo-Asensio J, Pérez I, Aguiló N, Uranga S, Picó A, Lampreave C, Cebollada A, Otal I, Samper S, Martín C. New insights into the transposition mechanisms of IS6110 and its dynamic distribution between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex lineages. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007282. [PMID: 29649213 PMCID: PMC5896891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insertion Sequence IS6110, only present in the pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), has been the gold-standard epidemiological marker for TB for more than 25 years, but biological implications of IS6110 transposition during MTBC adaptation to humans remain elusive. By studying 2,236 clinical isolates typed by IS6110-RFLP and covering the MTBC, we remarked a lineage-specific content of IS6110 being higher in modern globally distributed strains. Once observed the IS6110 distribution in the MTBC, we selected representative isolates and found a correlation between the normalized expression of IS6110 and its abundance in MTBC chromosomes. We also studied the molecular regulation of IS6110 transposition and we found a synergistic action of two post-transcriptional mechanisms: a -1 ribosomal frameshift and a RNA pseudoknot which interferes translation. The construction of a transcriptionally active transposase resulted in 20-fold increase of the transposition frequency. Finally, we examined transposition in M. bovis and M. tuberculosis during laboratory starvation and in a mouse infection model of TB. Our results shown a higher transposition in M. tuberculosis, that preferably happens during TB infection in mice and after one year of laboratory culture, suggesting that IS6110 transposition is dynamically adapted to the host and to adverse growth conditions. Since the pioneering discovery of transposition by Barbara McClintock in eukaryotes and later in prokaryotes by Robert W. Hedges and Alan E. Jacob, it has become clear the key role of mobile genetics elements in chromosome remodelling, microbial evolution and host adaptation. The insertion sequence IS6110 is widely recognized for its utility in TB diagnosis and epidemiology because it is only present in the M. tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and its transposition provides an excellent chromosomal polymorphic variability allowing the study of recent TB transmission. This inherent feature of IS6110 leads us to hypothesize that IS6110 plays a crucial role during the TB infectious cycle. However, the biological significance of IS6110 has been hindered by its almost exclusive use as an epidemiological marker. Here, we study the regulatory mechanisms and the distribution of IS6110 in the different MTBC lineages. We discuss the potential biological implications of IS6110, that is much more than an excellent TB epidemiological tool. Since IS6110 could play an important role in the adaptation of MTBC to the host, this study opens new avenues to decipher the biological roles of IS6110 in TB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail: (JGA); (CM)
| | - Irene Pérez
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Picó
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lampreave
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cebollada
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Samper
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón. Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail: (JGA); (CM)
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Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) have evolved causing tuberculosis (TB) in different mammalian hosts. MTBC ecotypes have adapted to diverse animal species, with M. bovis being the most common cause of TB in livestock. Cattle-to-human transmission of M. bovis through ingestion of raw milk was common before introduction of the pasteurization process. TB in humans is mainly caused by M. tuberculosis. This bacterium is considered a genetically clonal pathogen that has coevolved with humans due to its ability to manipulate and subvert the immune response. TB is a major public health problem due to airborne person-to-person transmission of M. tuberculosis. The essential yet unanswered question on the natural history of TB is when M. tuberculosis decides to establish latent infection in the host (resambling the lysogenic cycle of lambda phage) or to cause pulmonary disease (comparable to the lytic cycle of lambda phage). In this latter case, M. tuberculosis kills the host with the aim of achieving transmission to new hosts. Combating the TB epidemic requires stopping transmission. M. bovis BCG, the present vaccine against TB, is derived from M. bovis and only protects against disseminated forms of TB. Thus, a priority in TB research is development of new effective vaccines to prevent pulmonary disease. Attenuated vaccines based on M. tuberculosis as MTBVAC are potential candidates that could contribute to break the TB transmission cycle.
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In-depth analysis of the genome sequence of a clinical, extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eldholm V, Monteserin J, Rieux A, Lopez B, Sobkowiak B, Ritacco V, Balloux F. Four decades of transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strain. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7119. [PMID: 25960343 PMCID: PMC4432642 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of drug-resistant strains is a major challenge to containing the tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Yet, little is known about the extent of resistance in early years of chemotherapy and when transmission of resistant strains on a larger scale became a major public health issue. Here we reconstruct the timeline of the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during a major ongoing outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in Argentina. We estimate that the progenitor of the outbreak strain acquired resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin by around 1973, indicating continuous circulation of a multidrug-resistant TB strain for four decades. By around 1979 the strain had acquired additional resistance to three more drugs. Our results indicate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with extensive resistance profiles circulated 15 years before the outbreak was detected, and about one decade before the earliest documented transmission of Mtb strains with such extensive resistance profiles globally. The early origin and evolution of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are poorly understood. Here, the authors perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of 252 clinical isolates from a tuberculosis outbreak in Argentina and reconstruct the timeline of the acquisition of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Eldholm
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo 0456, Norway
| | - Johana Monteserin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Carlos Malbrán, Vélez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
| | - Adrien Rieux
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Beatriz Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Carlos Malbrán, Vélez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Sobkowiak
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Viviana Ritacco
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Carlos Malbrán, Vélez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
| | - Francois Balloux
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Ahmed MM, Mohammed SH, Nasurallah HAA. Mutation in katG315 is, possibly, a good prognostic marker for treatment with second-line drugs in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: a preliminary study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:395-400. [PMID: 24064650 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore baseline data, laboratory and molecular analyses to determine if any could serve as potential prognostic marker(s) for treatment response to second line tuberculosis regimens. Of a total number of 50 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients starting second-line drug MDR-TB treatment in Iraq, only 21 showed treatment adherence and thus, included in this study. Response to treatment was monitored for 11 months by sputum microscopy and culture. We explored baseline data, laboratory and molecular analyses to determine if any could serve as potential prognostic marker(s) for treatment response. Highly significant association (P = 0.019) was detected between mutations in katG315 codon and good response to second-line anti-TB drugs. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat confirmed that katG315-mutatnt isolates were genotypically unrelated. The katG315 mutation is a potential prognostic marker for treatment response to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. One possible explanation of our results is that the katG315-mutants are sensitive to bacterial killing by "oxidative killing.".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad M Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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Gavín P, Iglesias MJ, Jiménez MS, Rodríguez-Valín E, Ibarz D, Lezcano MA, Revillo MJ, Martín C, Samper S. Long-term molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Spain. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:701-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is a live vaccine used worldwide, as it protects against severe forms of the disease, saving thousands of lives every year, but its efficacy against pulmonary forms of TB, responsible for transmission of the diseases, is variable. For more than 80 years now no new TB vaccines have been successfully developed. Over the last decade the effort of the scientific community has resulted in the design and construction of promising vaccine candidates. The goal is to develop a new generation of vaccines effective against respiratory forms of the disease. We will focus this review on new prophylactic vaccine candidates that aim to prevent TB diseases. Two are the main strategies used to improve the immunity conferred by the current BCG vaccine, by boosting it with new subunit vaccines, and a second strategy is focused on the construction of new more effective live vaccines, capable to replace the current BCG and to be used as prime vaccines. After rigorous preclinical studies in different animal models new TB vaccine candidates enter in clinical trials in humans. First, a small Phase I for safety followed by immunological evaluation in Phase II trials and finally evaluated in large population Phase III efficacy trials in endemic countries. At present BCG prime and boost with different subunit vaccine candidates are the more advanced assessed in Phase II. Two prime vaccines (based on recombinant BCG) have been successfully evaluated for safety in Phase I trials. A short number of live attenuated vaccines are in advance preclinical studies and the candidates ready to enter Phase I safety trials are produced under current good manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín Montañés
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Ritacco V, Iglesias MJ, Ferrazoli L, Monteserin J, Dalla Costa ER, Cebollada A, Morcillo N, Robledo J, de Waard JH, Araya P, Aristimuño L, Díaz R, Gavin P, Imperiale B, Simonsen V, Zapata EM, Jiménez MS, Rossetti ML, Martin C, Barrera L, Samper S. Conspicuous multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster strains do not trespass country borders in Latin America and Spain. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:711-7. [PMID: 21718805 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity in Ibero-America was examined by comparing extant genotype collections in national or state tuberculosis networks. To this end, genotypes from over 1000 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosed from 2004 through 2008 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Spain were compared in a database constructed ad hoc. Most of the 116 clusters identified by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism were small and restricted to individual countries. The three largest clusters, of 116, 49 and 25 patients, were found in Argentina and corresponded to previously documented locally-epidemic strains. Only 13 small clusters involved more than one country, altogether accounting for 41 patients, of whom 13 were, in turn, immigrants from Latin American countries different from those participating in the study (Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia). Most of these international clusters belonged either to the emerging RD(Rio) LAM lineage or to the Haarlem family of M. tuberculosis and four were further split by country when analyzed with spoligotyping and rifampin resistance-conferring mutations, suggesting that they did not represent ongoing transnational transmission events. The Beijing genotype accounted for 1.3% and 10.2% of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latin America and Spain, respectively, including one international cluster of two cases. In brief, Euro-American genotypes were widely predominant among multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in Ibero-America, reflecting closely their predominance in the general M. tuberculosis population in the region, and no evidence was found of acknowledged outbreak strains trespassing country borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ritacco
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Carlos Malbrán, Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Morris A, Crothers K, Beck JM, Huang L. An official ATS workshop report: Emerging issues and current controversies in HIV-associated pulmonary diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY 2011; 8:17-26. [PMID: 21364216 PMCID: PMC5830656 DOI: 10.1513/pats.2009-047ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are major causes of morbidity and death in persons with HIV infection. Millions of people with HIV/AIDS throughout the world are at risk of opportunistic pneumonias such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. However, the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy has turned HIV into a chronic disease, and noninfectious lung diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension are also emerging as important causes of illness. Despite the importance of these diseases and the rapidly evolving understanding of their pathogenesis and epidemiology, few avenues exist for the discussion and dissemination of new clinical and basic insights. In May of 2008, the American Thoracic Society sponsored a 1-day workshop, "Emerging Issues and Current Controversies in HIV-Associated Pulmonary Diseases," which brought together basic and clinical researchers in HIV-associated pulmonary disease. A review of the literature was performed by workshop participants, and the workshop included 18 presentations on diverse topics summarized in this article.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
- Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
- Comorbidity
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
- Severity of Illness Index
- Societies, Medical
- Survival Rate
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
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Ellner JJ. The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a global health crisis requiring new interventions: part I: the origins and nature of the problem. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 1:249-54. [PMID: 20443856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance studies and outbreak investigations indicate that an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) form of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. In outbreak settings among HIV-infected, there is a high-case fatality rate. Better outcomes occur in HIV-uninfected, particularly if drug susceptibility test (DST) results are available rapidly to allow tailoring of drug therapy. This review will be presented in two segments. The first characterizes the problem posed by XDR-TB, addressing the epidemiology and evolution of XDR-TB and treatment outcomes. The second reviews technologic advances that may contribute to the solution, new diagnostics, and advances in understanding drug resistance and in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Ellner
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Role of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis P55 efflux pump in intrinsic drug resistance, oxidative stress responses, and growth. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3675-82. [PMID: 19564371 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00550-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial efflux pumps have traditionally been studied as low-level drug resistance determinants. Recent insights have suggested that efflux systems are often involved with fundamental cellular physiological processes, suggesting that drug extrusion may be a secondary function. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, little is known about the physiological or drug resistance roles of efflux pumps. Using Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a model system, we showed that deletion of the Rv1410c gene encoding the P55 efflux pump made the strain more susceptible to a range of toxic compounds, including rifampin (rifampicin) and clofazimine, which are first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs. The efflux pump inhibitors carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and valinomycin inhibited the P55-determined drug resistance, suggesting the active export of the compounds by use of the transmembrane proton and electrochemical gradients as sources of energy. In addition, the P55 efflux pump mutant was more susceptible to redox compounds and displayed increased intracellular redox potential, suggesting an essential role of the efflux pump in detoxification processes coupled to oxidative balance within the cell. Finally, cells that lacked the p55 gene displayed smaller colony sizes and had a growth defect in liquid culture. This, together with an increased susceptibility to the cell wall-targeting compounds bacitracin and vancomycin, suggested that P55 is needed for proper cell wall assembly and normal growth in vitro. Thus, P55 plays a fundamental role in oxidative stress responses and in vitro cell growth, in addition to contributing to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Inhibitors of the P55 efflux pump could help to improve current treatments for tuberculosis.
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Gordon SV, Bottai D, Simeone R, Stinear TP, Brosch R. Pathogenicity in the tubercle bacillus: molecular and evolutionary determinants. Bioessays 2009; 31:378-88. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Cardona P, Asensio JG, Arbués A, Otal I, Lafoz C, Gil O, Caceres N, Ausina V, Gicquel B, Martin C. Extended safety studies of the attenuated live tuberculosis vaccine SO2 based on phoP mutant. Vaccine 2009; 27:2499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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López-Calleja AI, Gavín P, Lezcano MA, Vitoria MA, Iglesias MJ, Guimbao J, Lázaro MA, Rastogi N, Revillo MJ, Martín C, Samper S. Unsuspected and extensive transmission of a drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. BMC Pulm Med 2009; 9:3. [PMID: 19144198 PMCID: PMC2657100 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large and unsuspected tuberculosis outbreak involving 18.7% of the total of the tuberculosis cases studied, was detected in a population-based molecular epidemiological study performed in Zaragoza (Spain) from 2001 to 2004. Methods The Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-susceptible strain, named MTZ strain, was genetically characterized by IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping and by MIRU-VNTR typing and the genetic patterns obtained were compared with those included in international databases. The characteristics of the affected patients, in an attempt to understand why the MTZ strain was so highly transmitted among the population were also analyzed. Results The genetic profile of the MTZ strain was rare and not widely distributed in our area or elsewhere. The patients affected did not show any notable risk factor for TB. Conclusion The M. tuberculosis strain MTZ, might have particular transmissibility or virulence properties, and we believe that greater focus should be placed on stopping its widespread dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel López-Calleja
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Lenaerts AJ, DeGroote MA, Orme IM. Preclinical testing of new drugs for tuberculosis: current challenges. Trends Microbiol 2008; 16:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Asensio JAG, Arbués A, Pérez E, Gicquel B, Martin C. Live tuberculosis vaccines based onphoPmutants: a step towards clinical trials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:201-11. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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