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Délicat-Loembet LM, Baraïka MA, Bougoudogo F, Diallo DA. Bacterial Infection in the Sickle Cell Population: Development and Enabling Factors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040859. [PMID: 37110283 PMCID: PMC10142700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The high frequency of bacterial infections represents a major threat to public health. In developing countries, they are still responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations with sickle cell disease, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Indeed, they have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to their immune deficiency. This susceptibility is even greater for pneumococcal and salmonella infections. In addition, the underdevelopment of some countries and socio-economic factors increases this condition. This review examines the common and specific factors leading to infections in people with sickle cell disease in different types of developed and undeveloped countries. The threat of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by S. pneumoniae and Salmonella, is of increasing concern due to the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In light of this disturbing data, new strategies to control and prevent these infections are needed. Solutions could be systematic penicillin therapy, vaccinations, and probabilistic antibiotic therapy protocols.
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Jiang Z, Anwar TM, Peng X, Biswas S, Elbediwi M, Li Y, Fang W, Yue M. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from pig-borne food products in Henan, China. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Estaleva CEL, Zimba TF, Sekyere JO, Govinden U, Chenia HY, Simonsen GS, Haldorsen B, Essack SY, Sundsfjord A. High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:16. [PMID: 33407206 PMCID: PMC7789290 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted, and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), a 1000-bed reference hospital in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods A total of 230 clinical isolates of E. coli from urine (n = 199) and blood cultures (n = 31) were collected at MCH during August–November 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins were examined further; phenotypically for an ESBL−/AmpC-phenotype by combined disc methods and genetically for ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes by PCR and partial amplicon sequencing as well as genetic relatedness by ERIC-PCR. Results A total of 75 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (n = 75) from urine (n = 58/199; 29%) and blood (n = 17/31; 55%) were detected. All 75 isolates were phenotypically ESBL-positive and 25/75 (33%) of those also expressed an AmpC-phenotype. ESBL-PCR and amplicon sequencing revealed a majority of blaCTX-M (n = 58/75; 77%) dominated by blaCTX-M-15. All AmpC-phenotype positive isolates (n = 25/75; 33%) scored positive for one or more pAmpC-genes dominated by blaMOX/FOX. Multidrug resistance (resistance ≥ three antibiotic classes) was observed in all the 75 ESBL-positive isolates dominated by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. ERIC-PCR revealed genetic diversity among strains with minor clusters indicating intra-hospital spread. Conclusion We have observed a high prevalence of MDR pAmpC- and/or ESBL-producing clinical E. coli isolates with FOX/MOX and CTX-Ms as the major β-lactamase types, respectively. ERIC-PCR analyses revealed genetic diversity and some clusters indicating within-hospital spread. The overall findings strongly support the urgent need for accurate and rapid diagnostic services to guide antibiotic treatment and improved infection control measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05696-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvina E L Estaleva
- Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique.,High Institute of Health Sciences (ISCISA), Maputo, Mozambique.,Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tomas F Zimba
- Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique.,High Institute of Health Sciences (ISCISA), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usha Govinden
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hafizah Y Chenia
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gunnar S Simonsen
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørg Haldorsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Elbediwi M, Pan H, Biswas S, Li Y, Yue M. Emerging colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Newport isolates from human infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:535-538. [PMID: 32122270 PMCID: PMC7067173 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) infection in humans, in parallel with a significant increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AR), is a serious public health concern. However, the prevalence of S. Newport resistance in China remains largely unknown. A retrospective study of 287 S. Newport clinical isolates collected during 1997-2018 was undertaken for characterization of AR profiles using the micro-dilution assay. We found a recent emergence of colistin resistance in four Chinese clinical isolates, including mcr-1-positive isolates. Importantly, phylogenomic and microbiological investigations indicate multiple independent clonal transmission of colistin-resistant S. Newport isolates of different seafood origins. Our study highlights potential reservoirs for transmission of colistin resistance and suggests that the global food supply chain may facilitate this dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elbediwi
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Silpak Biswas
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ferrari RG, Rosario DKA, Cunha-Neto A, Mano SB, Figueiredo EES, Conte-Junior CA. Worldwide Epidemiology of Salmonella Serovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00591-19. [PMID: 31053586 PMCID: PMC6606869 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are among the most important foodborne pathogens and the third leading cause of human death among diarrheal diseases worldwide. Animals are the primary source of this pathogen, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Thus, understanding the global epidemiology of Salmonella serovars is key to controlling and monitoring this bacterium. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars in animal-based foods (beef, pork, poultry, and seafood) throughout the five continents (Africa, the Americas [North and Latin America], Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The meta-analysis consisted of a chemometric assessment (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) to identify the main epidemiological findings, including the prevalence and diversity of the Salmonella serovars in each matrix. Regarding the serovar distribution, S Typhimurium presented a cosmopolitan distribution, reported in all four assessed matrices and continents; poultry continues to play a central role in the dissemination of the Enteritidis serovar to humans, and Anatum and Weltevreden were the most frequently found in beef and seafood, respectively. Additionally, we recommended careful monitoring of certain serovars, such as Derby, Agona, Infantis, and Kentucky. Finally, given the scientific data regarding the most frequently reported serovars and which matrices constitute the main vehicles for the transmission of this pathogen, control programs may be improved, and specific interventions may be implemented in an attempt to reduce the risk of this pathogen reaching humans.IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella spp. and is the third leading cause of death among food-transmitted diseases. This pathogen is commonly disseminated in domestic and wild animals, and the infection's symptoms are characterized by acute fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The animals are the primary source of salmonellae, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Therefore, data collected from these sources could contribute to future global interventions for effective control and surveillance of Salmonella along the food chain. In light of this, the importance of our research is in identifying the prevalence of Salmonella serovars in four animal-based food matrices (pork, poultry, beef, and seafood) and to evaluate the importance that each matrix has as the primary source of this pathogen to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela G Ferrari
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denes K A Rosario
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sérgio B Mano
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E S Figueiredo
- Animal Science Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tiba-Casas MR, Camargo CH, Soares FB, Doi Y, Fernandes SA. Emergence of CMY-2-Producing Salmonella Heidelberg Associated with IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Poultry in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:271-276. [PMID: 30256175 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the characterization of plasmid-mediated CMY-2-producing Salmonella Heidelberg recovered from food, poultry, and poultry environment in Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. The blaCMY-2 resistance gene was allocated in large (90-148 kb) IncI1 type transferable plasmids. Salmonella Heidelberg isolates were genetically related, indicating the dissemination of closely related isolates among food, poultry, and its environment. This is the first report of IncI1 replicon-types of plasmids encoding the blaCMY-2 resistance gene in Salmonella Heidelberg isolates in Brazil, the world's biggest exporter of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yohei Doi
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Al kraiem AA, Yang G, Al kraiem F, Chen T. Challenges associated with ceftriaxone resistance inSalmonella. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2018.1491427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ahmad Al kraiem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Mounwwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan People’s Republic of China
| | - Fahd Al kraiem
- Pilgrims City Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Madinah Al Mounwwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Fatemi SM, Shokri D, Mohammadi S, Koupahi H. Investigation of NDM metallo-beta-lactamase and CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. isolated from human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Ye Q, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang H, Huang J, Chen M, Xue L, Wang J. Antibiotic-Resistant Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Retail Food Products and the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:96. [PMID: 28217112 PMCID: PMC5289952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a survey in 2015 to evaluate the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in retail food and water of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China, as well as their antibiotic resistance profiles. Samples (88 fresh food samples and 43 water samples) from eight different districts were analyzed by direct plating and after enrichment. Multidrug-resistant strains were found in 41.7 and 43.4% of food and water samples, respectively. ESBLs were found in 3.4 and 11.6% of food and water samples, respectively, and AmpC producers were found in 13.6 and 16.3% of food and water samples, respectively. Molecular characterization revealed the domination of blaCTX−Mgenes; plasmidic AmpC was of the type DHA-1 both in food and water samples. Thirteen of Fifty one β-lactamase-producing positive isolates were detected to be transconjugants, which readily received the β-lactamase genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics as well as some non-β-lactam antibiotics. These findings provide evidence that retail food and the river water may be considered as reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics, and these resistance genes could readily be transmitted to humans through the food chain and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Mongtong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic nontyphoidal Salmonella: an alarming trend? Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:968-974. [PMID: 27506509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic bacteria of the genus Salmonella have acquired various antimicrobial resistance properties over the years. The corresponding resistance genes are commonly located on plasmids, transposons, gene cassettes, or variants of the Salmonella Genomic Islands SGI1 and SGI2. Human infections by nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates mainly result from ingestion of contaminated food. The two predominantly found Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars in the USA and in Europe are S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. Many other nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars have been implicated in foodborne Salmonella outbreaks. Summary reports of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates over time suggest a moderate to low level of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug-resistance. However, serovar-specific analyses showed in part a steady state, a continuous decline, or a recent increase in resistance to certain antimicrobial agents. Resistance to critically important antimicrobial agents, e.g. third-generation cephalosporins and (fluoro)quinolones is part of many monitoring programmes and the corresponding results confirm that extended-spectrum β-lactamases are still rarely found in nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars, whereas resistance to (fluoro)quinolones is prevalent at variable frequencies among different serovars from humans and animals in different countries. Although it is likely that nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from animals represent a reservoir for resistance determinants, it is mostly unknown where and when Salmonella isolates acquired resistance properties and which exchange processes have happened since then.
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Kuang D, Xu X, Meng J, Yang X, Jin H, Shi W, Pan H, Liao M, Su X, Shi X, Zhang J. Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes of Salmonella Newport isolated from humans and other sources. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:294-299. [PMID: 26440729 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Newport (S. Newport) is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. A total of 79 S. Newport recovered from humans and other sources in China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Approximately 63.3% of the isolates were susceptible to all of 16 antimicrobials tested. Nearly one third of the isolates (31.6%) were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 20.3% to tetracycline and 13.9% to nalidixic acid. Twelve isolates (15.2%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among 10 virulence genes detected, Salmonella pathogenicity island genes avrA, ssaQ, mgtC, siiD, and sopB and fimbrial gene bcfC were present in most of the isolates (93.7% to 100%). Overall, we observed nine distinct virulence gene profiles, three of which (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were most common (86.1%). A total of 56 PFGE patterns were identified and mainly grouped into seven clusters (A to G) with 80% pattern similarity. Isolates from aquatic product shared a high similarity with those from humans in several clusters, highlighting a potential risk of aquatic product as a source of S. Newport that infect humans. Furthermore, there was a strong association between certain PFGE clusters and virulence gene profiles, suggesting virulence subtyping can be a useful epidemiological tool to discriminate S. Newport isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kuang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Ke-Ma-Jia Technology Center for Microbiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijian Pan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Le Hello S. Salmonella : une bactérie multi-résistante aux antibiotiques dans nos assiettes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antinf.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaftyreva LA, Egorova SA, Makarova MA, Zabrovskaya AV, Matveeva ZN, Suzhaeva LV, Voitenkova EV. DIVERSITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONELLA. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2014. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2011-4-303-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Current review presents information on the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella of various serotypes. The phenotypes of resistance and the main resistance mechanisms to the antimicrobials of various groups are described. Comparison data on the resistance to antimicrobials of Salmonella serological variants, which circulate worldwide including the Russian Federation (S. Typhimurium DT104, S. Newport, S. Virchow, S. Enteritidis) are shown. Moreover, epidemiological characteristics of transmission factors related to these pathogens are discussed. Special attention is given to genetic determinants, which encode the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae, as well as mobile genetic elements (integrons, plasmids, pathogenicity islands), which are involved in the spread of resistance.
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Guo YF, Zhang WH, Ren SQ, Yang L, Lü DH, Zeng ZL, Liu YH, Jiang HX. IncA/C plasmid-mediated spread of CMY-2 in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from food animals in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96738. [PMID: 24816748 PMCID: PMC4016023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To obtain a broad molecular epidemiological characterization of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2 in Escherichia coli isolates from food animals in China. Methods A total of 1083 E. coli isolates from feces, viscera, blood, drinking water, and sub-surface soil were examined for the presence of CMY-2 β-lactamases. CMY-2-producing isolates were characterized as follows: the blaCMY-2 genotype was determined using PCR and sequencing, characterization of the blaCMY-2 genetic environment, plasmid sizing using S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR-based replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, XbaI-PFGE, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results All 31 CMY-2 producers were only detected in feces, and presented with multidrug resistant phenotypes. All CMY-2 strains also co-harbored genes conferring resistance to other antimicrobials, including extended spectrum β-lactamases genes (blaCTX-M-14 or blaCTX-M-55), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants (qnr, oqxA, and aac-(6′)-Ib-cr), floR and rmtB. The co-transferring of blaCMY-2 with qnrS1 and floR (alone and together) was mainly driven by the Inc A/C type plasmid, with sizes of 160 or 200 kb. Gene cassette arrays inserted in the class 1 or class 2 integron were amplified among 12 CMY-2 producers. CMY-2 producers belonged to avirulent groups B1 (n = 12) and A (n = 11), and virulent group D (n = 8). There was a good correlation between phylogenetic groups and sequence types (ST). Twenty-four STs were identified, of which the ST complexes (STC) 101/B1 (n = 6), STC10/A (n = 5), and STC155/B1 (n = 3) were dominant. Conclusions CMY-2 is the dominant AmpC β-lactamase in food animals and is associated with a transferable replicon IncA/C plasmid in the STC101, STC10, and STC155 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lü
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella in European wild boar (Sus scrofa); Latium Region – Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mezali L, Hamdi TM. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from meat and meat products in Algiers (Algeria). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:522-9. [PMID: 22571639 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to estimate the proportion of raw meat and processed meat products contaminated by Salmonella in the region of Algiers, Algeria, to identify serovars and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. Out of the total 314 samples (144 of raw red meat and meat products, 128 of raw poultry meat and poultry products, and 42 of processed meat products) collected from various retail outlets, 61 (19.43%) were tested positive for Salmonella. The most significant occurrences were recorded for the categories of red meat (23.61%, n=34) and poultry (17.97%, n=23). Among the 64 isolates recovered, 21 different serovars were identified and two strains were nontypable. The most prevalent serovars were Salmonella Anatum (14.6%, n=9), Salmonella Altona (12.50%, n=8), Salmonella Corvallis (7.81%, n=5), Salmonella Enteritidis (7.81%, n=5), and Salmonella Typhimurium (7.81%, n=5). Sixty-two Salmonella isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 32 selected antimicrobial agents. Fifty-six (90.32%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, of which 20 (32.26%) showed multidrug resistance. Resistance to sulphonamides (87.10%, n=54) was the most common. Resistance rates were lower to nalidixic acid (16.13%, n=10), streptomycin (16.13%, n=10), and tetracycline (12.90%, n=8), while resistance to pefloxacin was estimated at 4.84% (n=3). Fourteen different resistance patterns were observed. The "ACSSuT" pentaresistance pattern was observed in three of the Salmonella Typhimurium strains. The obtained results show that these foodstuffs are a potential source of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella for human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Mezali
- Animal Health and Productions Laboratory, High National Veterinary School of Algiers, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria.
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18
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Drépanocytose et salmonelloses invasives ostéo-articulaires. Arch Pediatr 2012; 19:267-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh S, Agarwal RK, Tiwari SC, Singh H. Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:665-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Selection pressure required for long-term persistence of blaCMY-2-positive IncA/C plasmids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4486-93. [PMID: 21602382 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02788-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance blaCMY-2 plasmids that confer resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins have been found in multiple bacterial species collected from different hosts worldwide. The widespread distribution of blaCMY-2 plasmids may be driven by antibiotic use that selects for the dissemination and persistence of these plasmids. Alternatively, these plasmids may persist and spread in bacterial populations in the absence of selection pressure if a balance exists among conjugative transfer, segregation loss during cell division, and fitness cost to the host. We conducted a series of experiments (both in vivo and in vitro) to study these mechanisms for three blaCMY-2 plasmids, peH4H, pAR060302, and pAM04528. Results of filter mating experiments showed that the conjugation efficiency of blaCMY-2 plasmids is variable, from <10(-7) for pAM04528 and peH4H to ∼10(-3) for pAR060302. Neither peH4H nor pAM04528 was transferred from Escherichia coli strain DH10B, but peH4H was apparently mobilized by the coresident trimethoprim resistance-encoding plasmid pTmpR. Competition studies showed that carriage of blaCMY-2 plasmids imposed a measurable fitness cost on the host bacteria both in vitro (0.095 to 0.25) and in vivo (dairy calf model). Long-term passage experiments in the absence of antibiotics demonstrated that plasmids with limited antibiotic resistance phenotypes arose, but eventually drug-sensitive, plasmid-free clones dominated the populations. Given that plasmid decay or loss is inevitable, we infer that some level of selection is required for the long-term persistence of blaCMY-2 plasmids in bacterial populations.
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Sibhat B, Molla Zewde B, Zerihun A, Muckle A, Cole L, Boerlin P, Wilkie E, Perets A, Mistry K, Gebreyes WA. Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles in beef cattle, slaughterhouse personnel and slaughterhouse environment in ethiopia. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:102-9. [PMID: 20042064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars in slaughter beef cattle, slaughterhouse environment and personnel engaged in flaying and evisceration during slaughtering process. A total of 800 samples (each sample type, n = 100) consisting of swabs from hides, slaughterhouse personnel hands at flaying and evisceration, rumen and caecal contents, mesenteric lymph nodes, carcasses and holding pens were collected. Of the total 100 beef cattle examined, 14% were Salmonella positive in caecal content and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. Of the various samples analysed, Salmonella was detected in 31% of hides, 19% of rumen contents, 8% of mesenteric lymph nodes, 6% of caecal contents, 2% of carcass swabs, 9% of palm swabs taken from the hands of personnel in the slaughterhouse during flaying (7%) and evisceration (2%), and in 12% of holding pen swabs. The Salmonella isolates (n = 87) belonged to eight different serovars of which S. Anatum (n = 54) and S. Newport (19) were the major serovars and both serovars were detected in all sample sources except in carcass swabs. Eighteen of the 87 (20.7%) Salmonella serovars consisting of Newport (n = 14), Anatum (n = 3) and Eastbourne (n = 1) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobial resistant Salmonella serovars, S. Newport was multidrug resistant (15.6%) and exhibited resistance to streptomycin, sulphisoxazole and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sibhat
- Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Training Collage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Alage, Ethiopia
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Patchanee P, Molla B, White N, Line DE, Gebreyes WA. Tracking salmonella contamination in various watersheds and phenotypic and genotypic diversity. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1113-20. [PMID: 20528467 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen, and contamination of surface and ground water that may result from various human activities, such as animal production and urbanization, may contribute to the public health burden. The aims of this study was to determine the sources of Salmonella contamination in four different types of watersheds and to assess the relative contribution of multidrug-resistant strains. Eighty-six water samples collected from four different watershed systems, including those impacted by swine production (n = 12), residential/industrial (n = 34), crop agriculture (n = 12), and forestry (n = 28), were cultured for Salmonella and further characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping. Salmonella prevalence was high in all four watersheds: residential/industrial area (58.8%), forestry (57.1%), crop agriculture (50%), and swine production (41.7%). Majority of the Salmonella isolates (87.1%) were pansusceptible. Multidrug resistance up to eight antimicrobials (R-type: AmStTeAxChCeKmGm) was detected in water samples that originated from swine production systems only. Serovars identified included Anatum, Gaminara, and Inverness (18.3% each) and Muenchen and Newport (8.7% each), Bredeny (7.6%), and Montevideo (6.8%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated genotypic relatedness among Salmonella recovered from residential/industrial and forestry-associated watersheds (genotypic cluster types A, C, D, E, F, G, H, and J), sites with relatively close geographic proximity. Swine-production-associated isolates were distinctly different from the others (genotypic cluster types B and I), corroborating the phenotypic findings. Overall, the findings suggest that all the various watersheds, including natural forest, remain important contributors of Salmonella contamination. While swine-production-associated water samples were not found to have a disproportionately high prevalence, it was the most important reservoir of multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Ye J, Su LH, Chen CL, Hu S, Wang J, Yu J, Chiu CH. Analysis of pSC138, the multidrug resistance plasmid of Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis SC-B67. Plasmid 2010; 65:132-40. [PMID: 21111756 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) usually causes systemic infections in man and needs antimicrobial treatment. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in S. Choleraesuis is thus a great concern in the treatment of systemic non-typhoid salmonellosis. A large plasmid, pSC138, was identified in 2002 from a S. Choleraesuis strain SC-B67 that was resistant to all antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat salmonellosis, including ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Complete DNA sequence of the plasmid had been determined previously (Chiu et al., 2005). In the present study, the sequence of pSC138 was reannotated in detail and compared with several newly sequenced plasmids. Some transposable elements and drug resistance genes were further delineated. Plasmid pSC138 was 138,742 bp in length and consisted of 177 open reading frames (ORFs). While 134 of the ORFs displayed significant identity levels to other plasmid and prokaryotic sequences, the remaining 43 ORFs have not been previously reported. Mobile elements, including two integrons, seven insertion sequences and eight transposons, and a truncated prophage together encompass at least 66,781 bp (48.1%) of the plasmid genome. The sequence of pSC138 consists of three major regions: a large composite transposable region Tn6088 with a Tn21-like backbone inserted by a variety of integrons or transposable elements; a transfer/maintenance region that contains a conserved ISEcp1-mediated transposon-like element Tn6092, carrying an AmpC gene, bla(CMY-2), that confers the ceftriaxone resistance; and a Rep_3 type of replication region. Another seven bacteremic strains of S. Choleraesuis that expressed the same MDR phenotype were identified during 2003-2008. The same Rep_3 type replicase and the bla(CMY-2)-containing, ISEcp1-mediated transposon-like element were found in the MDR isolates, suggesting a successful preservation and dissemination of the MDR plasmid. Comparison of pSC138 with other recently published plasmids revealed a high identity level between partial sequences of pSC138 and plasmids of the same or different incompatibility groups. The large MDR region found in pSC138 may provide a niche for the future evolution of the plasmid by acquisition of relevant resistance genes through the panoply of mobile elements and illegitimate recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Ye
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sanders P. Résistance aux antibiotiques chez les bactéries d’origine animale. Med Sci (Paris) 2010; 26:930-5. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20102611930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because S. Newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), including third-generation cephalosporins (MDR-AmpC phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. We analyzed 384 S. Newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. These were compared to the population structure of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Kentucky, Paratyphi B, and Typhimurium. Our S. Newport collection fell into three lineages, Newport-I, Newport-II, and Newport-III, each of which contained multiple sequence types (STs). Newport-I has only a few STs, unlike Newport-II or Newport-III, and has possibly emerged recently. Newport-I is more prevalent among humans in Europe than in North America, whereas Newport-II is preferentially associated with animals. Two STs of Newport-II encompassed all MDR-AmpC isolates, suggesting recent global spread after the acquisition of the bla(CMY-2) gene. In contrast, most Newport-III isolates were from humans in North America and were pansusceptible to antibiotics. Newport was intermediate in population structure to the other serovars, which varied from a single monophyletic lineage in S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium to four discrete lineages within S. Paratyphi B. Both mutation and homologous recombination are responsible for diversification within each of these lineages, but the relative frequencies differed with the lineage. We conclude that serovars of S. enterica provide a variety of different population structures.
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Targant H, Ponsin C, Brunet C, Doublet B, Cloeckaert A, Madec JY, Meunier D. Characterization of resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolated from diseased cattle in France (2002 to 2007). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:419-25. [PMID: 20092404 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the results of the survey of antimicrobial resistance in 148 serotype Typhimurium strains isolated from cattle in France from 2002 to 2007 and displaying more than two antimicrobial resistances. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium of definitive phage type 104 strains that are commonly resistant to ampicillin-amoxicillin, chloramphenicol-florfenicol, streptomycin-spectinomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT phenotype) harbored resistance genes clustered on a complex class 1 integron In104 of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). In our isolates, the most common antimicrobial resistance pattern was ACSSuT (77.7%) or ACSSuT combined to additional resistances. SGI1 was detected in 143 strains and constituted thus the main structure involved in resistance to antimicrobials in these strains. In spite of the high recombination potential of In104, SGI1 variability was quite limited among these strains since only two SGI1 variants, SGI1-B and SGI1-C, were identified. One hundred and thirty-eight out of the 143 SGI1-positive isolates belonged to the DT104 complex. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile A was the most prevalent in 135 SGI1-positive isolates, confirming the diffusion of the DT104 clone. However, changes in phages susceptibility have occurred in three serotype Typhimurium strains of phage type DT12, as they displayed the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile as the SGI1-positive serotype Typhimurium DT104. No variant harboring an additional resistance gene was identified, but the risk of recombination between SGI1 and any other mobile structure carrying other antimicrobial resistance genes is still an issue in serotype Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayette Targant
- AFSSA, Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Unit, Lyon, France
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Chromosomally encoded blaCMY-2 located on a novel SXT/R391-related integrating conjugative element in a Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3545-50. [PMID: 20566768 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00111-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. Although SXT/R391-related ICEs, originally demonstrated in Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates, have become prevalent among V. cholerae isolates in Asia, the prevalence of the ICEs among gram-negative bacteria other than Vibrio spp. remains unknown. In addition, SXT/R391-related ICEs carrying genes conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins have never been described. Here we carried out a genetic analysis of a cefoxitin-resistant Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate, TUM4660, which revealed the presence of a novel SXT/R391-related ICE, ICEPmiJpn1. ICEPmiJpn1 had a core genetic structure showing high similarity to that of R391 and carried xis and int genes completely identical to those of R391, while an IS10-mediated composite transposon carrying bla(CMY-2) was integrated into the ICE. A nucleotide sequence identical to the 3' part of ISEcp1 was located upstream of the bla(CMY-2) gene, and other genes observed around bla(CMY-2) in earlier studies were also present. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences of hot spot 2 and hot spot 4 in ICEPmiJpn1 showed high similarity to that of hot spot 2 in SXT(MO10) and with a part of the nucleotide sequence found in P. mirabilis ATCC 29906, respectively. ICEPmiJpn1 was successfully transferred to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Citrobacter koseri in conjugation experiments. These observations suggest that ICEs may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes among clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae, which warrants careful observation of the prevalence of ICEs, including SXT/R391-related ICEs.
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Wu G, Abuoun M, Hackl E, La Ragione RM, Fookes M, Fenner J, Pan Z, Wenzl P, Anjum MF, Woodward MJ. Epidemic multidrug-resistant (MDR-AmpC) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport strains contain three phage regions and a MDR resistance plasmid. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2010; 2:228-235. [PMID: 23766073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR-AmpC) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport has caused serious disease in animals and humans in North America, whereas in the UK S. enterica serovar Newport is not associated with severe disease and usually sensitive to antibiotics; MDR S. Newport (not AmpC) strains have only been isolated from poultry. We found that UK poultry strains belonged to MLST type ST166 and were distinct from cattle isolates for being able to utilize D-tagotose and when compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and diversity arrays technology (DArT). Cattle strains belonged to the ST45 complex differing from ST166 at all seven loci. PFGE showed that 19 out of 27 cattle isolates were more than 85% similar to each other and some UK and US strains were indistinguishable. Both CGH and DArT identified genes (including phage-related ones) that were uniquely present in the US isolates and two such genes identified by DArT showed sequence similarities with the pertussis-like (artAB) toxin. This work demonstrates that MDR-AmpC S. Newport from the USA are genetically closely related to pan-susceptible strains from the UK, but contained three extra phage regions and a MDR plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wu
- Department for Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA)-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT13 3NB, UK. AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. The Pathogen Genetics Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, Yarralumla, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Ranjbar R, Giammanco GM, Aleo A, Plano MRA, Naghoni A, Owlia P, Mammina C. Characterization of the first extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing nontyphoidal Salmonella strains isolated in Tehran, Iran. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:91-5. [PMID: 19785534 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The infections caused by Salmonella remain a significant public health problem throughout the world. beta-Lactams and fluoroquinolones are generally used to treat invasive Salmonella infections, but emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains are being increasingly notified in many countries. In particular, detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Salmonella spp. is a newly emerging threat worldwide. This study was carried out to characterize beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella strains identified in Tehran, Iran. Over the 2-year period from 2007 to 2008, 6 of 136 Salmonella isolates recovered from pediatrics patients, including three Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and three S. Infantis, showed an ESBL-positive phenotype. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to identify the genetic determinants responsible for ESBL phenotypes. The Salmonella isolates were also compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All ESBL-producing strains, but one, carried the bla(CTX-M-15) gene. Moreover, three of four strains that proved to be positive for a bla(TEM) gene were producing a TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Two strains of S. Infantis tested positive for a previously unidentified CTX-M and TEM ESBL, respectively. All ESBL-producing strains carried the insertion sequence ISEcp1 gene. Except for one strain of serotype Infantis, all strains were able to transfer the ESBL determinants by conjugation. Distinct, but closely related, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were observed among the strains belonging to both serotypes. This study reports for the first time the emergence and characterization of ESBL-producing S. Enteritidis and Infantis strains in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bouchrif B, Le Hello S, Pardos M, Karraouan B, Perrier-Gros-Claude JD, Ennaji MM, Timinouni M, Weill FX. Ceftazidime-resistant Salmonella enterica, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 15:1693-5. [PMID: 19861080 PMCID: PMC2866400 DOI: 10.3201/eid1510.090247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Meunier D, Jouy E, Lazizzera C, Doublet B, Kobisch M, Cloeckaert A, Madec JY. Plasmid-borne florfenicol and ceftiofur resistance encoded by the floR and blaCMY-2 genes in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased cattle in France. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:467-471. [PMID: 20056773 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.016162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the genetic basis of florfenicol and ceftiofur resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from French cattle. In these isolates, ceftiofur resistance was conferred by bla(CMY-2) located on three distinct conjugative plasmids on a specific DNA fragment, ISEcp1-bla(CMY-2)-blc- sugE. Two of the plasmids also carried the floR gene conferring resistance to florfenicol. The floR gene was shown to be associated with the insertion sequence ISCR2. Mobile elements appear to contribute to the mobilization of floR and bla(CMY-2) genes in E. coli. The presence of bla(CMY-2) and floR on the same plasmid highlights the potential risk for a co-selection of the bla(CMY-2) gene through the use of florfenicol in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Meunier
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Mycoplasmologie - Bactériologie,BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Corinne Lazizzera
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Doublet
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale Santé Publique,37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marylène Kobisch
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Mycoplasmologie - Bactériologie,BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale Santé Publique,37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
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Verner-Jeffreys DW, Welch TJ, Schwarz T, Pond MJ, Woodward MJ, Haig SJ, Rimmer GSE, Roberts E, Morrison V, Baker-Austin C. High prevalence of multidrug-tolerant bacteria and associated antimicrobial resistance genes isolated from ornamental fish and their carriage water. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8388. [PMID: 20027306 PMCID: PMC2793012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobials are used to directly control bacterial infections in pet (ornamental) fish and are routinely added to the water these fish are shipped in to suppress the growth of potential pathogens during transport. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To assess the potential effects of this sustained selection pressure, 127 Aeromonas spp. isolated from warm and cold water ornamental fish species were screened for tolerance to 34 antimicrobials. Representative isolates were also examined for the presence of 54 resistance genes by a combination of miniaturized microarray and conventional PCR. Forty-seven of 94 Aeromonas spp. isolates recovered from tropical ornamental fish and their carriage water were tolerant to > or =15 antibiotics, representing seven or more different classes of antimicrobial. The quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance gene, qnrS2, was detected at high frequency (37% tested recent isolates were positive by PCR). Class 1 integrons, IncA/C broad host range plasmids and a range of other antibiotic resistance genes, including floR, bla(TEM-1), tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), qacE2, sul1, and a number of different dihydrofolate reductase and aminoglycoside transferase coding genes were also detected in carriage water samples and bacterial isolates. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ornamental fish and their carriage water act as a reservoir for both multi-resistant bacteria and resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Verner-Jeffreys
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.
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Abstract
SUMMARY AmpC beta-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and beta-lactamase inhibitor-beta-lactam combinations. In many bacteria, AmpC enzymes are inducible and can be expressed at high levels by mutation. Overexpression confers resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone and is a problem especially in infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae, where an isolate initially susceptible to these agents may become resistant upon therapy. Transmissible plasmids have acquired genes for AmpC enzymes, which consequently can now appear in bacteria lacking or poorly expressing a chromosomal bla(AmpC) gene, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Resistance due to plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes is less common than extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in most parts of the world but may be both harder to detect and broader in spectrum. AmpC enzymes encoded by both chromosomal and plasmid genes are also evolving to hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins more efficiently. Techniques to identify AmpC beta-lactamase-producing isolates are available but are still evolving and are not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory, which probably now underestimates this resistance mechanism. Carbapenems can usually be used to treat infections due to AmpC-producing bacteria, but carbapenem resistance can arise in some organisms by mutations that reduce influx (outer membrane porin loss) or enhance efflux (efflux pump activation).
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IncA/C plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance in the catfish pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:845-6. [PMID: 19029319 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01312-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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