1
|
Chakrawarti A, Casey CL, Burk A, Mugabi R, Ochoa A, Barlow JW. An observational study demonstrates human-adapted Staphylococcus aureus strains have a higher frequency of antibiotic resistance compared to cattle-adapted strains isolated from dairy farms making farmstead cheese. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:75. [PMID: 38409123 PMCID: PMC10898128 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a multi-host zoonotic pathogen causing human and livestock diseases. Dairy farms that make artisan cheese have distinctive concerns for S. aureus control. Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) S. aureus is a public and animal health concern. There is a need to study the population structure of AMR S. aureus at the human-animal interface and understand the path of zoonotic transmission. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and AMR patterns of S. aureus isolated from cattle and humans on conventional and organic Vermont dairy farms that produce and sell farmstead cheese. RESULTS A convenience sample of 19 dairy farms in Vermont was enrolled, and 160 S. aureus isolates were collected from cow quarter milk (CQM), bulk tank milk (BTM), human-hand and -nasal swabs. After deduplication, 89 isolates were used for the analysis. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing and cataloged to the PubMLST database. Nine defined and five novel STs were identified. For BTM and CQM samples, six STs were identified within cow-adapted CC97 and CC151. Two human-adapted STs were isolated from BTM and CQM. Seven human-adapted clonal complexes with eight STs were identified from human samples. One cow-adapted ST was isolated from a human. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Approximately 27% of the isolates were beta-lactam resistant and blaZ gene-positive. S. aureus isolates from human swabs were more likely to carry blaZ compared to isolates from CQM or BTM. S. aureus isolated from cows and humans on the same farm belonged to different STs. CONCLUSION Humans were more likely to carry beta-lactam-resistant S. aureus compared to cows, and on organic farms only human-adapted blaZ positive STs were isolated from BTM. Moreover, we identified potential spillover events of S. aureus sequence types between host species. The presence of penicillin-resistant-human-adapted S. aureus on both organic and conventional dairy farms highlights a "One Health" concern at the junction of public and animal health requiring further surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashma Chakrawarti
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christine L Casey
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Ariela Burk
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - John W Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carrel M, Shi Q, Hasegawa S, Clore GS, David MZ, Perencevich EN, Smith M, Goto M. Persistence of potential ST398 MSSA in outpatient settings among US veterans, 2010-2019. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e177. [PMID: 38028908 PMCID: PMC10644166 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel ST398 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the United States was first observed in New York City (2004-2007); its diffusion across the country resulted in changing treatment options. Utilizing outpatient antimicrobial susceptibility data from the Veterans Health Administration from 2010 to 2019, the spatiotemporal prevalence of potential ST398 MSSA is documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Carrel
- Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qianyi Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shinya Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gosia S. Clore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Z. David
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eli N. Perencevich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michihiko Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdullahi IN, Juárez-Fernández G, Höfle U, Latorre-Fernández J, Cardona-Cabrera T, Mínguez-Romero D, Zarazaga M, Lozano C, Torres C. Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in the Nasotracheal Cavities of White Stork Nestlings (Ciconia ciconia) in Spain: Genetic Diversity, Resistomes and Virulence Factors. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1993-2002. [PMID: 36964230 PMCID: PMC10497646 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular ecology of Staphylococcus aureus in migratory birds (such as white storks) is necessary to understand their relevance in the "One Health" ecosystems. This study determined the nasotracheal carriage rates of S. aureus from white storks in Southern Spain and genetically characterized the within-host diversity. A collection of 67 S. aureus strains, previously obtained from 87 white stork nestlings (52 nasal and 85 tracheal samples) fed by their parents with food foraged in natural and landfill habitats, were tested for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes. Moreover, the AMR genotypes, immune evasion cluster (IEC), virulence genes and the detection of CC398 lineage were studied by PCR. The spa types and multilocus-sequencing-typing (MLST) were also determined by PCR and sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus carriage was found in 31% of storks (36.5%/11.9% in nasal/tracheal samples). All isolates were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 8.8% of them were also susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The AMR phenotype/percentage/genes detected were as follows: penicillin/79.1%/blaZ; erythromycin-clindamycin-inducible/19.1%/ermA, ermT; tetracycline/11.9%/tetK; clindamycin/4.5%/lnuA and ciprofloxacin/4.5%. Twenty-one different spa types, including 2 new ones (t7778-ST15-CC15 and t18009-ST26-CC25), were detected and ascribed to 11 clonal complexes (CCs). MSSA-CC398 (8.2%), MSSA-CC15 (7.1%) and MSSA-ST291 (5.9%) were the most prevalent lineages in storks. Moreover, tst-positive (MSSA-CC22-t223 and MSSA-CC30-t1654), eta-positive (MSSA-CC9-t209) and etb-positive strains (MSSA-CC45-t015) were detected in four storks. The 18.5% of storks harboured distinct MSSA strains (with different lineages and/or AMR genes). Nestlings of storks foraging in landfills (10 CCs) had more diverse S. aureus strains than those of parents foraging in natural habitats (3 CCs). Low level of AMR was demonstrated among S. aureus strains. The predominance of MSSA-CC398 (an emergent clade) and toxigenic MSSA strains in stork nestlings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of S. aureus in wild birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Fernández
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ursula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardona-Cabrera
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Mínguez-Romero
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mizusawa M, Carroll KC. Recent updates in the development of molecular assays for the rapid identification and susceptibility testing of MRSA. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:679-699. [PMID: 37419696 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2234823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of healthcare- and community-associated infections. Nasal carriage of MRSA is a risk factor for subsequent MRSA infections. Increased morbidity and mortality are associated with MRSA infections and screening and diagnostic tests for MRSA play an important role in clinical management. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted in PubMed and supplemented by citation searching. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of molecular-based methods for MRSA screening and diagnostic tests including individual nucleic acid detection assays, syndromic panels, and sequencing technologies with a focus on their analytical performance. EXPERT OPINION Molecular based-assays for the detection of MRSA have improved in terms of accuracy and availability. Rapid turnaround enables earlier contact isolation and decolonization for MRSA. The availability of syndromic panel tests that include MRSA as a target has expanded from positive blood cultures to pneumonia and osteoarticular infections. Sequencing technologies allow detailed characterizations of novel methicillin-resistance mechanisms that can be incorporated into future assays. Next generation sequencing is capable of diagnosing MRSA infections that cannot be identified by conventional methods and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) assays will likely move closer to implementation as front-line diagnostics in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Mizusawa
- Monmouth Medical Center, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genomic and Epidemiological Features of Two Dominant Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Clones from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Surveillance Effort. mSphere 2022; 7:e0040922. [PMID: 36218345 PMCID: PMC9769867 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00409-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a more prevalent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) pathogen than methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, the introduction and spread of MSSA, the role of systematic decolonization, and optimal infection prevention and control strategies remain incompletely understood. We previously screened infants hospitalized in a university-affiliated level III to IV NICU twice monthly over 18 months for S. aureus colonization and identified several prevalent staphylococcal protein A (spa) types. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic comparisons of 140 isolates from predominant spa types t279, t1451, and t571 to examine possible transmission routes and identify genomic and epidemiologic features associated with the spread of dominant clones. We identified two major MSSA clones: sequence type 398 (ST398), common in the local community, and ST1898, not previously encountered in the region. ST398 NICU isolates formed distinct clusters with closely related community isolates from previously published data sets, suggesting multiple sources of acquisition, such as family members or staff, including residents of the local community. In contrast, ST1898 isolates were nearly identical, pointing to clonal expansion within the NICU. Almost all ST1898 isolates harbored plasmids encoding mupirocin resistance (mupA), suggesting an association between the proliferation of this clone and decolonization efforts with mupirocin. Comparative genomics indicated genotype-specific pathways of introduction and spread of MSSA via community-associated (ST398) or health care-associated (ST1898) sources and the potential role of mupirocin resistance in dissemination of ST1898. Future surveillance efforts could benefit from routine genotyping to inform clone-specific infection prevention strategies. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a significant pathogen in neonates. However, surveillance efforts in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have focused primarily on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), limiting our understanding of colonizing and infectious MSSA clones which are prevalent in the NICU. Here, we identify two dominant colonizing MSSA clones during an 18-month surveillance effort in a level III to IV NICU, ST398 and ST1898. Using genomic surveillance and phylogenetic analysis, coupled with epidemiological investigation, we found that these two sequence types had distinct modes of spread, namely the suggested exchange with community reservoirs for ST398 and the contribution of antibiotic resistance to dissemination of ST1898 in the health care setting. This study highlights the additional benefits of whole-genome surveillance for colonizing pathogens, beyond routine species identification and genotyping, to inform targeted infection prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Prevalence and Virulence Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus in Wholesale and Retail Pork in Wuhan, Central China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244114. [PMID: 36553856 PMCID: PMC9777741 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major foodborne pathogens and can cause serious foodborne illness in humans by foods contaminated with S. aureus enterotoxins. In recent years, livestock-associated S. aureus has been a major public health concern for humans and has emerged in various countries globally. China is one of the largest producers of pigs and pork in the world. However, there are few studies on the detailed genotypic and pathogenic characterization of pork-associated S. aureus in China. In this study, the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus in raw pork in Wuhan, China, were investigated through multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and whole-genome sequencing analysis. A total of 518 S. aureus isolates (16.9%) were isolated from 3067 retail and wholesale pork samples. The prevalence of S. aureus in retail pork (22.7%) was significantly higher than in wholesale pork (15.1%), while the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in wholesale pork (12.9%) was significantly higher than in retail pork (6.2%). Among the isolates, 10.8% were resistant to three or more antibiotics, with higher rates of resistance to penicillin (88.8%) and erythromycin (58.1%). A total of 28 sequence types (STs) were identified in the 518 isolates, and the predominant type was ST7 (57.5%), followed by ST5 (9.1%). In addition, based on the whole-genome sequences of 39 representative strains, 17 spa types were identified among the isolates, of which t899, t091, and t437 were the most common. Furthermore, 19 staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) and SE-like (SEl) toxin genes were detected in the isolates, of which selw was the most common type (100%), followed by sei, sem, seo, seu, and selv (46.2%); sey (35.9%); and sea, seg, and sen (33.3%). This study found for the first time that ST7-t091-selw and ST9-t899-SCCmecXII-selw were the predominant genotypes of S. aureus in pork in China, which indicated the spreading of S. aureus with multiple virulence factors, especially with new SE/SEl types in pigs and pork, is a serious new challenge for food safety. Good hygiene and good production practices to prevent interspecies transmission and cross-contamination of S. aureus in the pig-pork chain are of great significance to public health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Li W, Pan Y, Liu C, Liang S, Zeng Z. The emergence and molecular study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST239, ST59, ST9, and ST630 in food animals, Chongqing, China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 265:109329. [PMID: 35030381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animals is an increasing concern for the agriculture and public health. A four-years (2016) successional study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial resistant profiles and molecular characterizations of the livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) from animal farms or slaughterhouses in Chongqing, China. A total of 1667 samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 in different animal farms and hog markets. LA-MRSA were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). S. aureus was detected at a ratio of 3.7% (n = 62), in which 18 isolates were identified as MRSA. All the S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with the resistance to at least four drugs; however, none of those isolates was resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, or nitrofurantoin. The resistance was more obvious in the pig-associated S. aureus isolates than the strains associated with chickens or cows. The majority of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types of the MRSA isolates were ST239, subsequently ST59, ST9, and ST630. Among these isolates, 18 MRSA possessed SCCmec type Ⅲ (n = 10), Ⅳa (n = 4), Ⅻ (n = 3) and Ⅴ(n = 1). Multiple spa types were also detected in the isolates, such as 899, 437, 30, 421, 969, 37, and 4549. This study indicates that MRSA could be transferred between humans and animals, and highlights the necessity of continuous surveillance of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao X, Hu M, Zhao C, Zhang Q, Li L, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu Y. Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764105. [PMID: 34917050 PMCID: PMC8670001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is now regarded as a zoonotic agent. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 is a livestock-associated bacterium that is most prevalent in China, but there are currently no data available for Shandong. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characterization of MSSA ST398 from retail pork and bulk tank milk (BTM) in Shandong. A total of 67 S. aureus isolates were collected from retail pork between November 2017 and June 2018. Among the isolates, high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for penicillin (97.0%), and 92.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eight sequence types (STs) were identified in the retail pork isolates, and the predominant type was ST15 (n=26), which was followed by ST398 (n=14). Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t034 and t1255 in MSSA ST398 from retail pork. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, we described the phylogeny of 29 MSSA ST398 isolates that were obtained from retail pork (n=14) and BTM (n=15). The phylogenetic tree showed that the MSSA ST398 isolates from different sources had the same lineage. Among the 29 MSSA ST398 isolates, five resistance genes were detected, and all isolates carried DHA-1. Fifteen toxin genes were detected, and all isolates carried eta, hla, and hlb. In conclusion, this study found that a high risk for MSSA ST398 was present in retail pork and BTM. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MSSA ST398 outbreaks should be conducted in the One-Health context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Tai'an animal disease prevention and control center, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbo Luo
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular Characterization of Rifampicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Foods in China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121487. [PMID: 34943699 PMCID: PMC8698944 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular characteristics of rifampin-resistant (RIF-R) Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from 4300 retail food samples covering most provincial capitals in China, from 2011 to 2016. Of the 1463 S. aureus enrolled, 149 isolates (142 MSSA and 7 MRSA) were identified as rifampicin-resistant, including 20 high-level (MICs ≥ 8 μg/mL) and 129 low-level (MICs between 2 and 4 μg/mL) rifampicin-resistant strains. Most of the RIF-R S. aureus isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics. The mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region of the rpoB gene were studied in all RIF-R strains. All of the strains presented the mutational change 481 His/Asn and five isolates presented an additional mutation, including 477 Asp/Tyr, 527 Ile/Met, and 466 Leu/Ser, respectively. Thirteen STs and twenty-one spa types were represented, in which five MRSA showed non-type SCCmec and the remaining MRSA belonged to SCCmec type IV-where, ST1-t127 was the predominant type from all of the isolates, while ST398-t034 was the predominant type for the MRSA isolates. In this study, we found that the food-related RIF-R S. aureus may have a unique genetic background selection. However, the scenario regarding the presence of RIF-R S. aureus, especially MRSA, in retail food in China is not favorable and warrants public attention.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bertola M, Montarsi F, Obber F, Da Rold G, Carlin S, Toniolo F, Porcellato E, Falcaro C, Mondardini V, Ormelli S, Ravagnan S. Occurrence and Identification of Ixodes ricinus Borne Pathogens in Northeastern Italy. Pathogens 2021; 10:1181. [PMID: 34578213 PMCID: PMC8470124 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the main vector for tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), the most common tick species in Italy, particularly represented in pre-alpine and hilly northern areas. From 2011 to 2017, ticks were collected by dragging in Belluno province (northeast Italy) and analyzed by molecular techniques for TBP detection. Several species of Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. Anaplaspa phagocitophilum, Neoerlichia mikurensis and Babesia venatorum, were found to be circulating in the study area carried by I. ricinus (n = 2668, all stages). Overall, 39.1% of screened pools were positive for at least one TBP, with a prevalence of 12.25% and 29.2% in immature stages and adults, respectively. Pathogens were detected in 85% of the monitored municipalities, moreover the presence of TBPs varied from one to seven different pathogens in the same year. The annual TBPs prevalence fluctuations observed in each municipality highlights the necessity of performing continuous tick surveillance. In conclusion, the observation of TBPs in ticks remains an efficient strategy for monitoring the circulation of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in a specific area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Obber
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Graziana Da Rold
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Sara Carlin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Toniolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Elena Porcellato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Christian Falcaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Silvia Ormelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Ravagnan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (F.O.); (G.D.R.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (E.P.); (C.F.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cazer CL, Westblade LF, Simon MS, Magleby R, Castanheira M, Booth JG, Jenkins SG, Gröhn YT. Analysis of Multidrug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus with a Machine Learning-Generated Antibiogram. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e02132-20. [PMID: 33431415 PMCID: PMC8097487 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02132-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) surveillance consists of reporting MDR prevalence and MDR phenotypes. Detailed knowledge of the specific associations underlying MDR patterns can allow antimicrobial stewardship programs to accurately identify clinically relevant resistance patterns. We applied machine learning and graphical networks to quantify and visualize associations between resistance traits in a set of 1,091 Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from one New York hospital between 2008 and 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using reference broth microdilution. The isolates were analyzed by year, methicillin susceptibility, and infection site. Association mining was used to identify resistance patterns that consisted of two or more individual antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits and quantify the association among the individual resistance traits in each pattern. The resistance patterns captured the majority of the most common MDR phenotypes and reflected previously identified pairwise relationships between AMR traits in S. aureus Associations between β-lactams and other antimicrobial classes (macrolides, lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones) were common, although the strength of the association among these antimicrobial classes varied by infection site and by methicillin susceptibility. Association mining identified associations between clinically important AMR traits, which could be further investigated for evidence of resistance coselection. For example, in skin and skin structure infections, clindamycin and tetracycline resistance occurred together 1.5 times more often than would be expected if they were independent from one another. Association mining efficiently discovered and quantified associations among resistance traits, allowing these associations to be compared between relevant subsets of isolates to identify and track clinically relevant MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lars F Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew S Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reed Magleby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - James G Booth
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Stephen G Jenkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yrjö T Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mama OM, Aspiroz C, Ruiz-Ripa L, Ceballos S, Iñiguez-Barrio M, Cercenado E, Azcona JM, López-Cerero L, Seral C, López-Calleja AI, Belles-Belles A, Berdonces P, Siller M, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates From Invasive Infections in Spanish Hospitals, Focusing on the Livestock-Independent CC398-MSSA Clade. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623108. [PMID: 33717011 PMCID: PMC7945039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Livestock-associated (LA)-CC398-MRSA is closely related to pigs, being unfrequently detected in human invasive infections. CC398-MSSA is emerging in human invasive infections in some countries, but genetic and epidemiological characteristics are still scarcely reported. Objectives To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) CC398, both MRSA and MSSA, among blood cultures SA isolates recovered in Spanish hospitals located in regions with different pig-farming densities (PD) and characterize the recovered isolates. Methods One thousand twenty-two SA isolates (761 MSSA, 261 MRSA) recovered from blood cultures during 6–12 months in 17 Spanish hospitals (2018–2019) were studied. CC398 lineage identification, detection of spa-types, and antibiotic resistance, virulence and human immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. Results Forty-four CC398-MSSA isolates (4.3% of SA; 5.8% of MSSA) and 10 CC398-MRSA isolates (1% of SA; 3.8% of MRSA) were detected. Eleven spa-types were found among the CC398-MSSA isolates with t571 and t1451 the most frequent spa-types detected (75%). Most of CC398-MSSA isolates were Immune-Evasion-Cluster (IEC)-positive (88.6%), tetracycline-susceptible (95.5%) and erythromycin/clindamycin–inducible-resistant/erm(T)-positive (75%). No statistical significance was detected when the CC398-MSSA/MSSA rate was correlated to PD (pigs/km2) (p = 0.108). On the contrary, CC398-MRSA isolates were all IEC-negative, predominately spa-t011 (70%), and the CC398-MRSA/MRSA rate was significantly associated to PD (p < 0.005). Conclusion CC398-MSSA is an emerging clade in invasive infections in Spanish hospitals. CC398-MRSA (mostly t011) and CC398-MSSA (mostly t571 and t1451) show important differences, possibly suggesting divergent steps in host-adaptation evolutionary processes. While CC398-MRSA is livestock-associated (lacking IEC-system), CC398-MSSA seems to be mostly livestock-independent, carrying human-adaptation markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Aspiroz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sara Ceballos
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Emilia Cercenado
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Seral
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alba Belles-Belles
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain
| | - Pilar Berdonces
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Galdakao, Galdakao, Spain
| | - María Siller
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bouiller K, Bertrand X, Hocquet D, Chirouze C. Human Infection of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus CC398: A Review. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111737. [PMID: 33167581 PMCID: PMC7694499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) belonging to the clonal complex 398 (CC398) took a special place within the species due to its spread throughout the world. SA CC398 is broadly separated in two subpopulations: livestock-associated methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and human-associated methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA). Here, we reviewed the global epidemiology of SA CC398 in human clinical infections and focused on MSSA CC398. The last common ancestor of SA CC398 was probably a human-adapted prophage φSa3-positive MSSA CC398 strain, but the multiple transmissions between human and animal made its evolution complex. MSSA and MRSA CC398 had different geographical evolutions. Although MSSA was present in several countries all over the world, it was mainly reported in China and in France with a prevalence about 20%. MSSA CC398 was frequently implicated in severe infections such as bloodstream infections, endocarditis, and bone joint infections whereas MRSA CC398 was mainly reported in skin and soft tissue. The spread of the MSSA CC398 clone is worldwide but with a heterogeneous prevalence. The prophage φSa3 played a crucial role in the adaptation to the human niche and in the virulence of MSSA CC398. However, the biological features that allowed the recent spread of this lineage are still far from being fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bouiller
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France;
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Hygiène Hospitalière—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Hygiène Hospitalière—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Chirouze
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France;
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salgueiro V, Manageiro V, Bandarra NM, Ferreira E, Clemente L, Caniça M. Genetic Relatedness and Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Different Reservoirs: Humans and Animals of Livestock, Poultry, Zoo, and Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091345. [PMID: 32899267 PMCID: PMC7564200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was the characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in 82 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans and animals. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all S. aureus isolates accordingly, and antibiotic-resistant genes were investigated by genotypic methods. The genetic diversity of S. aureus was studied through spa, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and agr typing methods. The majority of S. aureus from human sources were resistant to cefoxitin (and harbor the mecA gene) and fluoroquinolones, whereas only four strains of S. aureus from animal sources revealed resistance to ciprofloxacin. In the set of S. aureus isolated from humans, the most frequent spa, MLST, and agr group were t032, ST22, and I, respectively. In strains from animal origin the most common spa, MLST, and agr group found were t2383, ST398, and III/not typable, respectively. S. aureus from humans and animals were identified either in clonal complexes CC5, CC30, and CC398, suggesting that they have the same putative founder in their evolution. Considering the three CCs encompassing strains from human and animal reservoirs with different spa-types, we can hypothesize that this might reflect an adaptation to different phylogenetic lineages in those reservoirs (host species) probably associated to genetic diversification of pre-existing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salgueiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospeção, Departamento do Mar e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- INIAV–Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-519-246
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Papkou A, Hedge J, Kapel N, Young B, MacLean RC. Efflux pump activity potentiates the evolution of antibiotic resistance across S. aureus isolates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3970. [PMID: 32769975 PMCID: PMC7414891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogens has been driven by the spread of a few successful strains, suggesting that some bacteria are genetically pre-disposed to evolving resistance. Here, we test this hypothesis by challenging a diverse set of 222 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in a large-scale evolution experiment. We find that a single efflux pump, norA, causes widespread variation in evolvability across isolates. Elevated norA expression potentiates evolution by increasing the fitness benefit provided by DNA topoisomerase mutations under ciprofloxacin treatment. Amplification of norA provides a further mechanism of rapid evolution in isolates from the CC398 lineage. Crucially, chemical inhibition of NorA effectively prevents the evolution of resistance in all isolates. Our study shows that pre-existing genetic diversity plays a key role in shaping resistance evolution, and it may be possible to predict which strains are likely to evolve resistance and to optimize inhibitor use to prevent this outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Papkou
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Hedge
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Natalia Kapel
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Bernadette Young
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R Craig MacLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eom HS, Back SH, Lee HH, Lee GY, Yang SJ. Prevalence and characteristics of livestock-associated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the pork production chain in Korea. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e69. [PMID: 31775196 PMCID: PMC6883202 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in livestock animals have become a worldwide public health concern. While the prevalence and genetic profiles of MRSA strains in pigs and pork meat have been actively studied, livestock-associated MSSA strains have only been characterized in a few small-scale studies. In this investigation, we assessed the nationwide prevalence of MSSA in the Korean pig production chain, including pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. Among the 41 MSSA strains, the predominant clonal lineages were sequence type (ST) 398 (n = 15, 37%) and ST5 (n = 13, 32%). Although the overall prevalence of MSSA (2.58%) was low and mostly restricted to pig farms, ST398 MSSA strains showed higher level of multidrug resistance phenotype versus non-ST398 MSSA strains. In addition to the MDR phenotype, all of the ST398 MSSA strains exhibited resistance to tetracycline as they harbored the tet(K), tet(L), and/or tet(M) genes. However, ST398 MSSA strains did not exhibit increased resistance to zinc compared with the non-ST398 strains. This study is the first to provide evidence of ST398 MSSA emergence in livestock animals in Korea. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential of ST398 MSSA strains for human transmission. Our findings suggest that the MDR phenotype and high levels of tetracycline resistance may have played an important role in the emergence and prevalence of ST398 MSSA in pig farms in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Eom
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Back
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Haeng Ho Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Gi Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conceição T, Martins H, Rodrigues S, de Lencastre H, Aires-de-Sousa M. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among homeless population in Lisbon, Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:2037-2044. [PMID: 31332610 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage is a major risk factor for infection, namely among populations in the community with inherent prompting factors, such as the homeless. In Portugal, there are no data on S. aureus/MRSA nasal carriage among the homeless community. A total of 84 homeless individuals living in Lisbon (34 with no permanent address and 50 living in shelter) were nasally screened for S. aureus/ MRSA. All isolates were characterized to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal type. A total of 43 (51.2%) S. aureus carriers were identified, including a single individual colonized with MRSA (1.2%). S. aureus carriage rate was higher among individuals with no permanent address (58.8% versus 46%), younger (45.7 ± 12.7 versus 52.5 ± 10.8 years), and with diagnosis of asthma (9% versus 0%). The single MRSA belonged to the EMRSA-15 clone (PFGE D, ST15-SCCmec IVh, and spa type t790). Almost half of the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (41.9%, n = 18) belonged to two major clones, ST398-t1451 (n = 13) and ST30-t399/t11980/t12808 associated with PFGE I (n = 5). A high proportion of isolates showed non-susceptibility to mupirocin (64%), erythromycin (45%), and fusidic acid (20%) and induced resistance to clindamycin (39%). None of the isolates harboured PVL. Our results suggest that the homeless population of Lisbon does not constitute a reservoir of MRSA in the community, but harbour the highly transmissible ST398-t1451 MSSA lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Martins
- Unidade de Atendimento Urgente Adultos, Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Urgência Geral, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento Formação, Investigação e Planeamento, VOXLisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suzilaine Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Randad PR, Dillen CA, Ortines RV, Mohr D, Aziz M, Price LB, Kaya H, Larsen J, Carroll KC, Smith TC, Miller LS, Heaney CD. Comparison of livestock-associated and community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity in a mouse model of skin and soft tissue infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6774. [PMID: 31043631 PMCID: PMC6494861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers are at increased risk of carrying Staphylococcus aureus in their nares, particularly strains that are livestock-associated (LA) and multidrug-resistant. The pathogenicity of LA-S. aureus strains remains unclear, with some prior studies suggesting reduced transmission and virulence in humans compared to community-associated methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) S. aureus. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which LA-S. aureus strains contracted by IHO workers cause disease relative to a representative CA-MRSA strain in a mouse model of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Mice infected with CC398 LA-S. aureus strains (IHW398-1 and IHW398-2) developed larger lesion sizes with higher bacterial burden than mice infected with CA-MRSA (SF8300) (p < 0.05). The greatest lesion size and bacterial burden was seen with a CC398 strain that produced a recurrent SSTI in an IHO worker. The LA-S. aureus infected mice had decreased IL-1β protein levels compared with CA-MRSA-infected mice (p < 0.05), suggesting a suboptimal host response to LA-S. aureus SSTIs. WGSA revealed heterogeneity in virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance genes carried by LA-S. aureus and CA-MRSA strains. The observed pathogenicity suggest that more attention should be placed on preventing the spread of LA-S. aureus into human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay R. Randad
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Carly A. Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Roger V. Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - David Mohr
- Genetic Resources Core Facility, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Maliha Aziz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. USA
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Lance B. Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. USA
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Hülya Kaya
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen C. Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Tara C. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu S, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Zhang F, Yang X, Wu H, Zeng H, Chen M, Ding Y, Wang J, Lei T, Zhang S, Xue L. Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Retail Meat and Meat Products in China: Incidence, Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Diversity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2767. [PMID: 30498486 PMCID: PMC6249422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus from 1,850 retail meat and meat products in China during July 2011 to June 2016. The samples were collected covering most provincial capitals in China, including 604 raw meat, 601 quick-frozen meat, and 645 ready-to-eat meat. Using the qualitative and quantitative methods, all 39 cities had S. aureus-positive samples, and S. aureus was detected in 35.0% (647/1,850) of the samples. The levels of S. aureus in retail meat showed that the MPN value of the majority of the positive samples ranged from 0.3 to 100 MPN/g. Twenty-four antibiotics were used to test all 868 S. aureus isolates for antibiotic susceptibility. Only 11 isolates (1.26%) were susceptible to all antibiotics, whereas most isolates (821/868, 94.6%) showed resistance or intermediary resistance to more than three or more antibiotics. Of these strains, 104 (12.0%) were resistant to more than 10 antibiotics. However, the most frequent resistance was observed to ampicillin (85.4%), followed by penicillin (84.6%), erythromycin (52.7%), tetracycline (49.3%), kanamycin (45.3%), telithromycin (30.1%), clindamycin (29.6%), streptomycin (21.1%), norfloxacin (20.4%), gentamicin (19.4%), fusidic acid (18.4%), ciprofloxacin (16.9%), chloramphenicol (13.1%), amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (11.0%), and others (<10%). 7.4% of isolates (62/868) were confirmed as methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA). By molecular typing analysis, there were 164 spa types and 111 STs were identified, including 15 novel spa types and 65 newly STs by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing. Despite the wide genetic diversity observed among the 868 isolates, a great proportion of the population belonged to finite number of major clones: ST1-t127 (93/868, 10.7%) and ST7-t091 (92/868, 10.6%), ST5-t002 (42/868, 4.8%), ST398-t034 (40/868, 4.6%), ST188-t034 (38/868, 4.4%), ST59-t437 (30/868, 3.5%), ST6-t701 (29/868, 3.3%), and ST9-t899 (27/868, 3.1%) in China. This study reflects S. aureus was readily detected in Chinese retail meat and meat products but the level were not very excessive. In this study, the high antibiotic resistance is alarming and raising public health concern. In additions, most of molecular types of isolates have been linked to human infections around the world, indicating that these types of S. aureus in China have a theoretical pathogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wardyn SE, Stegger M, Price LB, Smith TC. Whole-Genome Analysis of Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus t571/ST398 Infection in Farmer, Iowa, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:153-154. [PMID: 29260680 PMCID: PMC5749462 DOI: 10.3201/eid2401.161184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strain sequence type (ST) 398 has emerged during the last decade, largely among persons who have contact with swine or other livestock. Although colonization with ST398 is common in livestock workers, infections are not frequently documented. We report recurrent ST398-IIa infection in an Iowa farmer in contact with swine and cattle.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chaalal W, Chaalal N, Bourafa N, Kihal M, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food Products in Western Algeria. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:353-360. [PMID: 29638169 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolates from foodstuffs collected from western Algeria. A total of 153 S. aureus isolates from various raw and processed foods were obtained and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and toxin gene detection. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified by detection of the mecA gene and characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We found that 30.9% (153/495) of food samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Thirty-three (21.5%) S. aureus isolates were identified as MRSA, and 16.9% (26/153) carried the mecA gene. Three SCCmec types were identified of which type IV was the most common (69.2%) followed by type V (15.3%) and type II (7.6%). Two MRSA isolates were not typable with SCCmec typing. None of the examined isolates harbored mecC. Furthermore, 14.3% (22/153) of the isolates were toxigenic S. aureus. The cytotoxin gene pvl was detected in 11.1% of the S. aureus isolates. This gene was more commonly detected (76.4%) in MRSA isolates than in methicillin-suceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. The tsst-1 gene coding for toxic shock syndrome toxin was isolated rarely (3.2%) and only in MSSA isolates. According to disk diffusion test results, 70 isolates were resistant to only one antimicrobial drug, and 51 (33.3%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Other 32 isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Our study highlights, for the first time, a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolates carrying pvl or tsst-1 found in food products in Algeria. The risk of MRSA transmission through the food chain cannot be disregarded, particularly in uncooked foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Chaalal
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran , Oran, Algérie.,2 Aix Marseille Univ , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Chaalal
- 3 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Nadjette Bourafa
- 2 Aix Marseille Univ , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France .,4 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar , Annaba, Algérie
| | - Mebrouk Kihal
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran , Oran, Algérie
| | - Seydina M Diene
- 2 Aix Marseille Univ , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 2 Aix Marseille Univ , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dittmann KK, Chaul LT, Lee SHI, Corassin CH, Fernandes de Oliveira CA, Pereira De Martinis EC, Alves VF, Gram L, Oxaran V. Staphylococcus aureus in Some Brazilian Dairy Industries: Changes of Contamination and Diversity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2049. [PMID: 29123505 PMCID: PMC5662873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major food-poisoning pathogen, is a common contaminant in dairy industries worldwide, including in Brazil. We determined the occurrence of S. aureus in five dairies in Brazil over 8 months. Of 421 samples, 31 (7.4%) were positive for S. aureus and prevalence varied from 0 to 63.3% between dairies. Sixty-six isolates from the 31 samples were typed by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing to determine if these isolates were persistent or continuously reintroduced. Seven known sequence types (STs), ST1, ST5, ST30, ST97, ST126, ST188 and ST398, and four new ST were identified, ST3531, ST3540, ST3562 and ST3534. Clonal complex (CC) 1 (including the four new ST), known as an epidemic clone, was the dominant CC. However, there were no indications of persistence of particular ST. The resistance toward 11 antibiotic compounds was assessed. Twelve profiles were generated with 75.8% of strains being sensitive to all antibiotic classes and no Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were found. The enterotoxin-encoding genes involved in food-poisoning, e.g., sea, sed, see, and seg were targeted by PCR. The two toxin-encoding genes, sed and see, were not detected. Only three strains (4.5%) harbored seg and two of these also harbored sea. Despite the isolates being Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), the presence of CC1 clones in the processing environment, including some harboring enterotoxin encoding genes, is of concern and hygiene must have high priority to reduce contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Dittmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luíza T. Chaul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sarah H. I. Lee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Corassin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carrel M, Goto M, Schweizer ML, David MZ, Livorsi D, Perencevich EN. Diffusion of clindamycin-resistant and erythromycin-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), potential ST398, in United States Veterans Health Administration Hospitals, 2003-2014. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:55. [PMID: 28593043 PMCID: PMC5460425 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changing phenotypic profiles of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates can indicate the emergence of novel sequence types (ST). The diffusion of MSSA ST can be tracked by combining established genotypic profiles with phenotypic surveillance data. ST398 emerged in New York City (NYC) and exhibits resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin but tetracycline susceptibility (“potential ST398”). Trends of potential ST398 were examined in a national cohort of all Veterans Health Administration patients with MSSA invasive infections during 2003–2014. Methods A retrospective cohort of all patients with MSSA invasive infections, defined as a positive clinical culture from a sterile site, during 2003–2014 was created. Only isolates tested against clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline were included. Annual hospital-level proportions of potential ST398 were compared according to facility distance from NYC and region. Results A total of 34,025 patient isolates from 136 VA medical centers met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 4582 (13.5%) met the definition of potential ST398. Potential ST398 increased over the 12-year cohort and diffused outwards from NYC. Incidence Rate Ratios of >1.0 (p < 0.01) reflect increases in potential ST398 over time in hospitals nearer to NYC. Conclusions We observe an increase in the phenotypic profile of potential ST398 MSSA isolates in invasive infections in a national cohort of patients in the US. The increase is not evenly distributed across the US but appears to diffuse outwards from NYC. Novel MSSA strain emergence may have important clinical implications, particularly for the use of clindamycin for suspected S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Carrel
- Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, 305 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Michihiko Goto
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Marin L Schweizer
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Michael Z David
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel Livorsi
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Eli N Perencevich
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thapaliya D, Dalman M, Kadariya J, Little K, Mansell V, Taha MY, Grenier D, Smith TC. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Goose Feces from State Parks in Northeast Ohio. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:303-309. [PMID: 28283923 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can colonize a range of species. Although numerous studies have isolated pathogenic bacteria from wild birds, very little is known regarding S. aureus and their potential to spread methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and molecular characteristics of S. aureus in geese fecal samples collected from ten state parks across Northeast Ohio (NEO). A total of 182 fecal samples from Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were collected in April 2015. Isolates were characterized using multi-locus sequence (MLST) and spa typing, as well as PCR to detect the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), mecA, and scn genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done via Vitek-2 system. The overall contamination by S. aureus in fecal samples was 7.1% (13/182); 7/182 (3.8%) were MRSA and 6/182 (3.3%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). One isolate was positive for PVL. A total of eight different spa types were observed. MLST included ST5, ST8, ST291, ST298, and ST2111. One (7.7%) MSSA isolate was multi-drug resistant. The S. aureus contamination in NEO state parks ranged from 0% (park 1, 4, 8, 9) to 35% (7/20) (park 5). Parks 2, 3, 6, and 7 had 5% (1/20) positive. The results of this study indicate that the feces of geese collected at various state parks in NEO may harbor S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Thapaliya
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Mark Dalman
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Jhalka Kadariya
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Katie Little
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Victoria Mansell
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Mohammed Y Taha
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dylan Grenier
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Tara C Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hatcher SM, Rhodes SM, Stewart JR, Silbergeld E, Pisanic N, Larsen J, Jiang S, Krosche A, Hall D, Carroll KC, Heaney CD. The Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers, Community Residents, and Children Living in Their Households: North Carolina, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:560-569. [PMID: 28362266 PMCID: PMC5381988 DOI: 10.1289/ehp35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic use in industrial hog operations (IHOs) can support the emergence of antibiotic-resistant (ABR) Staphylococcus aureus. The extent of ABR S. aureus exposure in IHO workers and children living in their households remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated ABR S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence among adults with versus without occupational exposure to IHOs and among children living in their households. METHODS In total, 198 IHO worker-child household pairs and 202 community referent (CR) adult-child household pairs completed a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab which was analyzed for S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), absence of scn (putative marker of livestock association), and spa type. RESULTS S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO (53%) compared with CR (31%) adults [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.83], but MRSA nasal carriage prevalence was uncommon (2-3%) in IHO and CR adults. MDRSA nasal carriage prevalence was similar among IHO workers and CR adults (12% vs. 8%; aPR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.56, 2.29). Nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO compared with CR children for S. aureus (49% vs. 31%; aPR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99), MRSA (14% vs. 6%; aPR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.92), and MDRSA (23% vs. 8%; aPR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.47, 4.75). We also found suggestive evidence of a higher prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, and MDRSA among children living with an IHO worker who did versus did not report taking personal protective equipment (PPE) home from the IHO. Livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage predominated among IHO workers. CONCLUSION Our findings support the importance of further research on the prevalence and potential sources of exposure to ABR S. aureus among children living with IHO workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Hatcher
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M. Rhodes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill R. Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharon Jiang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Krosche
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devon Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen C. Carroll
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to C.D. Heaney, Departments of Environmental Health and Engineering and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Room W7033B, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Phone: (443) 287-4989. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thapaliya D, Forshey BM, Kadariya J, Quick MK, Farina S, O' Brien A, Nair R, Nworie A, Hanson B, Kates A, Wardyn S, Smith TC. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in commercially available meat over a one-year period in Iowa, USA. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:122-129. [PMID: 28399994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of S. aureus, including MRSA, on raw meat products. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus and MRSA in commercially-distributed antibiotic-free and conventional raw meat products (n = 3290) purchased in 8 Iowa retail stores weekly for a period of one year. Isolates were characterized using spa typing, and PCR was used to detect the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and mecA genes. Quantitation of S. aureus on meat products was carried out one week per month. The prevalence of S. aureus on meat samples was 27.8% (913/3290). Compared to antibiotic-free meat samples, higher prevalence of both MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were found in conventional meat samples. Among the S. aureus isolates, 18 were PVL-positive (1.9%) and 41 (4.5%) carried mecA. Phenotypic oxacillin resistance was observed for 17.1% (41/239) of the isolates tested, while 23% (55/239) were multi-drug resistant. A total of 132 spa types were detected from 913 contaminated meat samples. Overall, t002 was the most common spa type identified (137; 15.0%). The number of colony-forming units (CFU) per 10 g meat ranged from 2 to 517 (median: 8 CFU per 10 g of meat; mean: 28) with the highest bacterial load observed on turkey samples. These data reinforce the need to consider meat products as potential vehicles of S. aureus transmission from farm into human households, and the potential need for public health intervention programs pre and post-slaughter in meat processing facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Thapaliya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Brett M Forshey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Jhalka Kadariya
- Kent State University, College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, 750Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, United States
| | - Megan K Quick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Sarah Farina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Ashley O' Brien
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Rajeshwari Nair
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Amos Nworie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Blake Hanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Ashley Kates
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Shylo Wardyn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Tara C Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States; Kent State University, College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, 750Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zurita J, Barba P, Ortega-Paredes D, Mora M, Rivadeneira S. Local circulating clones of Staphylococcus aureus in Ecuador. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:525-533. [PMID: 27638417 PMCID: PMC9427608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of pandemic Staphylococcus aureus clones, mainly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), must be kept under surveillance to assemble an accurate, local epidemiological analysis. In Ecuador, the prevalence of the USA300 Latin American variant clone (USA300-LV) is well known; however, there is little information about other circulating clones. The aim of this work was to identify the sequence types (ST) using a Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis 14-locus genotyping approach. We analyzed 132 S. aureus strains that were recovered from 2005 to 2013 and isolated in several clinical settings in Quito, Ecuador. MRSA isolates composed 46.97% (62/132) of the study population. Within MRSA, 37 isolates were related to the USA300-LV clone (ST8-MRSA-IV, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin [PVL] +) and 10 were related to the Brazilian clone (ST239-MRSA-III, PVL−). Additionally, two isolates (ST5-MRSA-II, PVL−) were related to the New York/Japan clone. One isolate was related to the Pediatric clone (ST5-MRSA-IV, PVL−), one isolate (ST45-MRSA-II, PVL−) was related to the USA600 clone, and one (ST22-MRSA-IV, PVL−) was related to the epidemic UK-EMRSA-15 clone. Moreover, the most prevalent MSSA sequence types were ST8 (11 isolates), ST45 (8 isolates), ST30 (8 isolates), ST5 (7 isolates) and ST22 (6 isolates). Additionally, we found one isolate that was related to the livestock associated S. aureus clone ST398. We conclude that in addition to the high prevalence of clone LV-ST8-MRSA-IV, other epidemic clones are circulating in Quito, such as the Brazilian, Pediatric and New York/Japan clones. The USA600 and UK-EMRSA-15 clones, which were not previously described in Ecuador, were also found. Moreover, we found evidence of the presence of the livestock associated clone ST398 in a hospital environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannete Zurita
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Facultad de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Pedro Barba
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Facultad de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marcelo Mora
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prospective multicenter surveillance identifies Staphylococcus aureus infections caused by livestock-associated strains in an agricultural state. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:360-366. [PMID: 27198741 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a surveillance study to investigate the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Iowa, using a convenience sample. Diagnostic laboratories submitted 20 S. aureus isolates per month for a 20-month period between 2011 and 2013. Of the 2226 isolates analyzed, 73.6% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 26.4% were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). S. aureus infections in 25 patients (1%) were caused by ST398- and ST9-associated strain types, and appeared to be a common occurrence in areas of the state with the highest numbers of hogs and hog farms. Twenty nine (5.1%) of MSSA isolates and 10 (40.0%) livestock-associated strains were multi-drug resistant.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010012. [PMID: 27681906 PMCID: PMC5029517 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest about Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. The spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly CC398, and the recent description of the new mecC gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. Nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in different animal species (dogs, sheep, donkeys, bats, pigs, and monkeys), and in food of animal origin in African countries. In this continent, there is a high diversity of ethnicities, cultures or religions, as well as a high number of wild animal species and close contact between humans and animals, which can have a relevant impact in the epidemiology of this microorganism. This review shows that some clonal lineages associated with humans (CC1, CC15, CC72, CC80, CC101, and CC152) and animals (CC398, CC130 and CC133) are present in this continent in animal isolates, although the mecC gene has not been detected yet. However, available studies are limited to a few countries, very often with incomplete information, and many more studies are necessary to cover a larger number of African countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus isolates belonging to clonal cluster 398 (CC398) have emerged over the previous decade as a risk to livestock workers. Though most of the research to date has focused on colonization with these strains, a number of infections have also been documented, ranging from mild skin infections to more serious invasive infections and even death. Here, we review existing reports of human infections with CC398 and discuss their geographic distribution, general characteristics, and implications for future research. We identified 74 publications describing CC398 infections in humans in 19 different countries, suggesting this is an emerging worldwide issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Smith
- Kent State University College of Public Health, 750 Hilltop Drive, Lowry Hall, Kent, OH, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant S. aureus in humans is associated with occupational pig contact, not pet contact. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19184. [PMID: 26755419 PMCID: PMC4709655 DOI: 10.1038/srep19184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association of livestock-associated S. aureus with occupational pig contact and pet contact. In this cross-sectional study, 1,422 participants (including 244 pig workers, 200 pet-owning workers and 978 control workers) responded to a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for S. aureus analysis. Resulting isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, the immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes, and multilocus sequence type. Compared with controls, the pig workers demonstrated a greater prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) [prevalence ratio (PR) = 3.38; 95% CI: 2.07–5.53] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (PR = 7.42; 95% CI: 3.71–14.83), but the prevalence of MDRSA and MRSA was similar in pet-owning workers and controls. There was a positive relation of frequency of pig contact with prevalence of MDRSA and MRSA carriage. Only pig workers carried MDRSA CC9 (16 isolates) and MRSA CC9 (16 isolates), and all of these isolates were tetracycline resistant and absent of IEC genes. These findings suggest that livestock-associated MRSA and MDRSA(CC9, IEC-negative, tetracycline-resistant) in humans is associated with occupational pig contact, not pet contact, and support growing concern about antibiotics use in pig farms and raising questions about the potential for occupational exposure to opportunistic S. aureus.
Collapse
|
32
|
Xing X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Ge W, Wu C. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat milk powder processing plants. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
El-Ashker M, Gwida M, Tomaso H, Monecke S, Ehricht R, El-Gohary F, Hotzel H. Staphylococci in cattle and buffaloes with mastitis in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7450-9. [PMID: 26364099 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide the first detailed insight into the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in one modern dairy farm (Gamasa) and several household cows and buffaloes in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Eight hundred seventy-two quarter milk samples of 218 dairy cattle and buffaloes with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated. Bacteria were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and staphylococci were further characterized by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and microarray analysis. Staphylococcus aureus was present in 5.6% of all collected samples, whereas methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) represented 24.5% of all identified S. aureus (12/49). Six clonal complexes (CC) of S. aureus were detected. Staphylococcus aureus CC398 (ST291/813)-MSSA (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus) was identified frequently in the Gamasa farm in addition to a few CC5-MRSA-V isolates. However, a small number of different isolates of S. aureus were found in household cattle and buffaloes harboring different CC. The presence of these genotypes of S. aureus in milk might indicate a public health hazard, because all of these CC have previously been isolated from human patients. Thus, a recommendation was given to the owner of the dairy farm to review the hygiene regimen on the farm. In perspective, further investigation regarding S. aureus screening of all lactating cows and personnel on the farm is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maged El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Mayada Gwida
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstr. 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany; Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany; Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Fatma El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chairat S, Gharsa H, Lozano C, Gómez-Sanz E, Gómez P, Zarazaga M, Boudabous A, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Meat Samples in Tunisia: Detection of Clonal Lineage ST398 from the African Continent. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:686-92. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chairat
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Sanz
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Paula Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li G, Wu C, Wang X, Meng J. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates from retail foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 196:94-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Hong KL, Battistella L, Salva AD, Williams RM, Sooter LJ. In vitro selection of single-stranded DNA molecular recognition elements against S. aureus alpha toxin and sensitive detection in human serum. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2794-809. [PMID: 25633102 PMCID: PMC4346865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha toxin is one of the major virulence factors secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that is responsible for a wide variety of infections in both community and hospital settings. Due to the prevalence of S. aureus related infections and the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. aureus infections is crucial in benefiting patient health outcomes. In this study, a rigorous Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) variant previously developed by our laboratory was utilized to select a single-stranded DNA molecular recognition element (MRE) targeting alpha toxin with high affinity and specificity. At the end of the 12-round selection, the selected MRE had an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 93.7 ± 7.0 nM. Additionally, a modified sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by using the selected ssDNA MRE as the toxin-capturing element and a sensitive detection of 200 nM alpha toxin in undiluted human serum samples was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka L Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Luisa Battistella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Alysia D Salva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Ryan M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Letha J Sooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Palavecino EL. Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory aspects of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1085:1-24. [PMID: 24085687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-664-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen responsible for both hospital and community onset disease. Resistance to methicillin in S. aureus is mediated by PBP2a, a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity to beta-lactams, encoded by the mecA gene. Accurate susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates and screening of patients for colonization with MRSA are important tools to limit the spread of this organism. This review focuses on the clinical significance of MRSA infections and new approaches for the laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic typing of MRSA strains.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cuny C, Layer F, Köck R, Werner G, Witte W. Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) of clonal complex CC398, t571 from infections in humans are still rare in Germany. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83165. [PMID: 24367584 PMCID: PMC3867410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) attributed to clonal complex (CC) 398 and exhibiting spa-type t571 received attention in Europe and in the USA for being associated with severe infections in humans. As this spa-type is exhibited by livestock-associated (LA) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well, it is important to discriminate LA- and human-derived strains by easy to perform, PCR-based methods. MSSA t571 contain phage int3 carrying scn and chp, whereas LA-MRSA t571 lack these markers. In contrast, pathogenicity island SaPIbov5 (detected by PCR bridging vwbbov and scn) is contained by LA-MRSA t571 and absent in the human MSSA subpopulation. Furthermore, MSSA t571 contain erm(T), the particular genomic arrangement of which was assessed by a PCR bridging erm(T) and the adjacent transposase gene. MSSA t571 are rare so far in Germany among isolates from infections in humans (0.14%) as well as among isolates from nasal colonization (0.13%). LA-MRSA t571 are also infrequent among MRSA isolated from carriage at admission to hospitals (0.1%) and also among isolates from infections in humans (0.013%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- National Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Franziska Layer
- National Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Robin Köck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- National Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Witte
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chroboczek T, Boisset S, Rasigade JP, Tristan A, Bes M, Meugnier H, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Laurent F. Clonal complex 398 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: a frequent unspecialized human pathogen with specific phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68462. [PMID: 24260092 PMCID: PMC3829818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal complex 398 livestok-associated-MRSA (CC398 LA-MRSA) clone is described as a major animal pathogen that can also colonize and infect humans. CC398 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CC398 MSSA) is less described. We identified 126 CC398 MSSA strains of human origin within 6380 S. aureus isolates gathered between 2009 and 2011, from the French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci. They were characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, spa typing, DNA microarrays (Identibac S. aureus Genotyping ®, Alere), CC398-specific sequence PCR, ermT (encoding macrolides résistance) PCR. Fifty-three CC398 LA-MRSA collected from French pigs and veal were used as comparators, and phylogenetic relations between human CC398 MSSA and animal CC398 MRSA populations were explored on the basis of spa-typing and DNA microarrays. CC398 MSSA were able to induce a large spectrum of infections (especially skin, bloodstream, and pneumonias). The prevalence rate of this clone was high in MSSA population, i.e., 24.7% in a local prospective study on nasal colonization, and 7.5% in a national prospective study on infective endocarditis. CC398 MSSA isolates were frequently (89%) erythromycin resistant, due to the presence of the ermT gene, a gene not detected in erythromycin resistant CC398 LA-MRSA strains. Expression of staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scn) and the chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp), was also specific to this population. The CC398 MRSA signature included also a panel of antibiotic resistance genes, especially a type IV or V cassette mec and tetM. CC398 MSSA and CC398 LA-MRSA populations were closely related based on spa-typing and DNA microarrays, with the MRSA strains forming the most derived lineage in phylogenic trees. Both MSSA and MRSA populations may come from common ancestors, which would have evolved in the settings of different selective pressures, explaining the acquisition of ermT, chp and scn for MSSA, and antibiotic resistance genes for MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chroboczek
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Réanimation médicale - Pavillon N, Hopital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie - Département des Agents Infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche 5163, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Rasigade
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tristan
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Michele Bes
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Helene Meugnier
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Jerome Etienne
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Laurent
- French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon – Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rapid differentiation between livestock-associated and livestock-independent Staphylococcus aureus CC398 clades. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79645. [PMID: 24244535 PMCID: PMC3828327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates cluster into two distinct phylogenetic clades based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealing a basal human clade and a more derived livestock clade. The scn and tet(M) genes are strongly associated with the human and the livestock clade, respectively, due to loss and acquisition of mobile genetic elements. We present canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) assays that differentiate the two major host-associated S. aureus CC398 clades and a duplex PCR assay for detection of scn and tet(M). The canSNP assays correctly placed 88 S. aureus CC398 isolates from a reference collection into the human and livestock clades and the duplex PCR assay correctly identified scn and tet(M). The assays were successfully applied to a geographically diverse collection of 272 human S. aureus CC398 isolates. The simple assays described here generate signals comparable to a whole-genome phylogeny for major clade assignment and are easily integrated into S. aureus CC398 surveillance programs and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Havaei SA, Azimian A, Fazeli H, Naderi M, Ghazvini K, Samiee SM, Soleimani M. Isolation of Asian endemic and livestock associated clones of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from ocular samples in Northeastern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 5:227-32. [PMID: 24475328 PMCID: PMC3895559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are divided into Community Associated (CA-) and Hospital Associated (HA-) MRSA. These strains vary in antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. S. aureus is one of the most common microorganisms in ocular infections. This study was aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic characteristics of MRSA strains isolated from ocular infections in Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS Out of 171 S. aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples during September-December 2011 at Mashhad Emam Reza Hospital, 3 were cultured from eye discharge samples. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed with MIC and disk diffusion methods and also genetic evaluation was done with Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec), Accessory Gene Regulator (agr) and Staphylococcal Protein A (spa) typing, Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and determination of toxin gene profile. RESULTS All strains were MRSA and showed resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin and clindamycin too. Vancomycin, minocyclin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were effective on all ocular isolates. All isolates belonged to SCCmec IV type. MRSA1 belonged to ST239, CC8, Spa type t7688 and agrIII and had tst1 and hla toxin genes. MRSA2 belonged to ST239, CC8, Spa type t037 and agrI and had the hla toxin gene. Finally, MRSA3 belonged to ST291, CC398, Spa type t304, and agrI and had pvl and hla toxin genes. CONCLUSION Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of the isolated MRSA strains revealed that these strains belong to endemic Asian and livestock related clones that could reach from other body sites or environment to the eye of patients and developed ocular infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Asghar Havaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Azimian
- Department of Pathobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran, Corresponding author: Amir Azimian, PhD, Address: Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. Tel: +98-584-2239869, Fax: +98-584-2237076. E-mail:
| | - Hosein Fazeli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siamak Mirab Samiee
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, No. 408, Emam Khomeini Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chatterjee SS, Otto M. Improved understanding of factors driving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic waves. Clin Epidemiol 2013; 5:205-17. [PMID: 23861600 PMCID: PMC3707418 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s37071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Since the global spread of MRSA in the 1960s, MRSA strains have evolved with increased pathogenic potential. Notably, some strains are now capable of causing persistent infections not only in hospitalized patients but also in healthy individuals in the community. Furthermore, MRSA is increasingly associated with infections among livestock-associated workers, primarily because of transmission from animals to humans. Moreover, many MRSA strains have gained resistance to most available antibiotics. In this review, we will present current knowledge on MRSA epidemiology and discuss new endeavors being undertaken to understand better the molecular and epidemiological underpinnings of MRSA outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Som S Chatterjee
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rinsky JL, Nadimpalli M, Wing S, Hall D, Baron D, Price LB, Larsen J, Stegger M, Stewart J, Heaney CD. Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present among industrial, not antibiotic-free livestock operation workers in North Carolina. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67641. [PMID: 23844044 PMCID: PMC3699663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Administration of antibiotics to food animals may select for drug-resistant pathogens of clinical significance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the United States, studies have examined prevalence of MRSA carriage among individuals exposed to livestock, but prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) carriage and the association with livestock raised with versus without antibiotic selective pressure remains unclear. We aimed to examine prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular characteristics of S. aureus among industrial livestock operation (ILO) and antibiotic-free livestock operation (AFLO) workers and household members in North Carolina. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional study were interviewed and provided a nasal swab for S. aureus analysis. Resulting S. aureus isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, multi-locus sequence type, and absence of the scn gene (a marker of livestock association). Results Among 99 ILO and 105 AFLO participants, S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence was 41% and 40%, respectively. Among ILO and AFLO S. aureus carriers, MRSA was detected in 7% (3/41) and 7% (3/42), respectively. Thirty seven percent of 41 ILO versus 19% of 42 AFLO S. aureus-positive participants carried MDRSA. S. aureus clonal complex (CC) 398 was observed only among workers and predominated among ILO (13/34) compared with AFLO (1/35) S. aureus-positive workers. Only ILO workers carried scn-negative MRSA CC398 (2/34) and scn-negative MDRSA CC398 (6/34), and all of these isolates were tetracycline resistant. Conclusions Despite similar S. aureus and MRSA prevalence among ILO and AFLO-exposed individuals, livestock-associated MRSA and MDRSA (tetracycline-resistant, CC398, scn-negative) were only present among ILO-exposed individuals. These findings support growing concern about antibiotics use and confinement in livestock production, raising questions about the potential for occupational exposure to an opportunistic and drug-resistant pathogen, which in other settings including hospitals and the community is of broad public health importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Rinsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steve Wing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Devon Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH), Warsaw, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dothula Baron
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH), Warsaw, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lance B. Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Uhlemann AC, Hafer C, Miko BA, Sowash MG, Sullivan SB, Shu Q, Lowy FD. Emergence of sequence type 398 as a community- and healthcare-associated methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus in northern Manhattan. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:700-3. [PMID: 23728142 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) clone sequence type (ST) 398 has increasingly been identified as a pathogen in diverse geographic settings, yet its epidemiology remains incompletely understood. In this case-control study of MSSA infections, we identified ST398 MSSA as both a major community- and hospital-associated MSSA pathogen in the Dominican neighborhood of northern Manhattan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Genome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus ST291, a double locus variant of ST398, reveals a distinct genetic lineage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63008. [PMID: 23704886 PMCID: PMC3660392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus ST291 has been reported as a homologue recombinant double locus variant of the livestock associated S. aureus ST398. However, whole genome sequencing show that ST291 is a unique genetic lineage with highly variable content within its accessory genome compared to both human and livestock associated genome sequenced CC398s.
Collapse
|
48
|
Asymptomatic carriage of sequence type 398, spa type t571 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an urban jail: a newly emerging, transmissible pathogenic strain. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2443-7. [PMID: 23658269 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01057-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence type 398 (ST398) Staphylococcus aureus, frequently carried by livestock, has caused severe human infections and often carries transmissible antibiotic resistance genes. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates colonizing Dallas County Jail detainees, 13.2% were ST398, spa type t571, and were genetically similar to human colonization isolates from New York, Chicago, and the Dominican Republic.
Collapse
|
49
|
Novel erm(T)-carrying multiresistance plasmids from porcine and human isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 that also harbor cadmium and copper resistance determinants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3275-82. [PMID: 23629701 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00171-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes three novel erm(T)-carrying multiresistance plasmids that also harbor cadmium and copper resistance determinants. The plasmids, designated pUR1902, pUR2940, and pUR2941, were obtained from porcine and human methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of the clonal lineage ST398. In addition to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance gene erm(T), all three plasmids also carry the tetracycline resistance gene tet(L). Furthermore, plasmid pUR2940 harbors the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrK and the MLSB resistance gene erm(C), while plasmids pUR1902 and pUR2941 possess the kanamycin/neomycin resistance gene aadD. Sequence analysis of approximately 18.1 kb of the erm(T)-flanking region from pUR1902, 20.0 kb from pUR2940, and 20.8 kb from pUR2941 revealed the presence of several copies of the recently described insertion sequence ISSau10, which is probably involved in the evolution of the respective plasmids. All plasmids carried a functional cadmium resistance operon with the genes cadD and cadX, in addition to the multicopper oxidase gene mco and the ATPase copper transport gene copA, which are involved in copper resistance. The comparative analysis of S. aureus RN4220 and the three S. aureus RN4220 transformants carrying plasmid pUR1902, pUR2940, or pUR2941 revealed an 8-fold increase in CdSO4 and a 2-fold increase in CuSO4 MICs. The emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids that also carry heavy metal resistance genes is alarming and requires further surveillance. The colocalization of antimicrobial resistance genes and genes that confer resistance to heavy metals may facilitate their persistence, coselection, and dissemination.
Collapse
|
50
|
Tristan A, Rasigade JP, Ruizendaal E, Laurent F, Bes M, Meugnier H, Lina G, Etienne J, Celard M, Tattevin P, Monecke S, Le Moing V, Vandenesch F. Rise of CC398 lineage of Staphylococcus aureus among Infective endocarditis isolates revealed by two consecutive population-based studies in France. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51172. [PMID: 23272091 PMCID: PMC3521771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus isolates from two prospective studies on infective endocarditis (IE) conducted in 1999 and 2008 and isolated from non-IE bacteremia collected in 2006 were spa-typed and their virulence factors were analyzed with a microarray. Both populations were genetically diverse, with no virulence factors or genotypes significantly more associated with the IE isolates compared with the non-IE isolates. The population structure of the IE isolates did not change much between 1999 and 2008, with the exception of the appearance of CC398 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates responsible for 5.6% of all cases in 2008. In 1999, this lineage was responsible for no cases. The increasing prevalence of S. aureus in IE is apparently not the result of a major change in staphylococcal population structure over time, with the exception of the emerging CC398 MSSA lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tristan
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Bron, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|