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Ryoo S, Kang H, Lim DR, Kim JM, Won Y, Kim JY, King DP, Di Nardo A, Cha SH. Re-emergence of foot-and-mouth disease in the Republic of Korea caused by the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1378769. [PMID: 38689851 PMCID: PMC11060149 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1378769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lineage is a pandemic strain that has recently become dominant within East and Southeast Asia. During May 2023, this viral lineage spread to the Republic of Korea, where 11 outbreaks were detected on cattle and goat farms located in Cheongju and Jeungpyeong. Infected animals displayed typical FMD signs including vesicular lesions with drooling and anorexia. Molecular diagnostic testing and genetic analysis (VP1 sequencing) showed that the causative FMDVs belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage and shared the closest nucleotide identity (97.95-99.21%) to viruses that have been collected from Mongolia and South-East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these sequences were distinct to those collected from the previous Korean O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage outbreaks in 2019, demonstrating that these cases are due to a new incursion of the virus into the country. Prompt implementation of emergency vaccination using antigenically matched serotype O vaccines (r1 value: 0.74-0.93), together with intensive active surveillance on farms surrounding the infected premises has successfully prevented further spread of FMD. These recent FMD outbreaks reinforce the importance of research to understand the risks associated with transboundary pathways in the region, in order to reduce the possibility of a further reintroduction of FMD into the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Kang
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Rae Lim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Won
- Chungcheongbuk-do Livestock and Veterinary Service, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Chungcheongbuk-do Livestock and Veterinary Service, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim DW, Cho G, Kim H, Lee G, Lim TG, Kwak HY, Park JH, Park SH. Immunogenicity and Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Intradermally Vaccinated with a Bivalent Vaccine of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O and A. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040815. [PMID: 37112726 PMCID: PMC10142530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals caused by the FMD virus, from November 2010-April 2011, the Korean government enforced a mandatory vaccination policy. A bivalent (FMD type O and A; O + A) vaccine has been recently implemented. Although the FMD outbreak was suppressed by vaccination, the intramuscular (IM) injection presents side effects. Therefore, improving FMD vaccine quality is necessary. Here, we investigated the side effects and immune efficacy of the O + A bivalent vaccine using two different routes of administration: intradermal (ID) and IM. To compare the immune efficacy of the two inoculation routes, virus neutralization titers and structural protein (antigen) levels were measured. The protective efficacy of ID vaccines was confirmed using two viruses (FMDV O/AS/SKR/2019 and A/GP/SKR/2018) isolated in the Republic of Korea. Serological analysis revealed that both animals administered by ID and IM injections exhibited equal immune efficacy. A virus challenge test in the target animal (swine) revealed no (or extremely low) clinical symptoms. Swine in the ID injected group exhibited no side effects. In conclusion, we suggest that the ID route of vaccination is an effective alternative to the existing IM route, which is associated with more frequent side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoun Cho
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gwan Lim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with Commercial FMD Vaccines Elicits a Broader Immune Response than Homologous Prime-Boost Vaccination in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030551. [PMID: 36992134 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three commercial vaccines are administered in domestic livestock farms for routine vaccination to aid for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control in Korea. Each vaccine contains distinct combinations of inactivated serotype O and A FMD virus (FMDV) antigens: O/Manisa + O/3039 + A/Iraq formulated in a double oil emulsion (DOE), O/Primorsky + A/Zabaikalsky formulated in a DOE, and O/Campos + A/Cruzeiro + A/2001 formulated in a single oil emulsion. Despite the recommendation for a prime-boost vaccination with the same vaccine in fattening pigs, occasional cross-inoculation is inevitable for many reasons, such as lack of compliance with vaccination guidelines, erroneous application, or change in vaccine types by suppliers. Therefore, there have been concerns that a poor immune response could be induced by cross-inoculation due to a failure to boost the immune response. In the present study, it was demonstrated by virus neutralization and ELISA tests that cross-inoculation of pigs with three commercial FMD vaccines does not hamper the immune response against the primary vaccine strains and enhances broader cross-reactivity against heterologous vaccine antigens whether they were applied or not. Therefore, it could be concluded that the cross-inoculation of FMD vaccines can be used as a regimen to strategically overcome the limitation of the antigenic spectrum induced by the original regimen.
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Luo C, Yan Q, Huang J, Liu J, Li Y, Wu K, Li B, Zhao M, Fan S, Ding H, Chen J. Using Self-Assembling ADDomer Platform to Display B and T Epitopes of Type O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081810. [PMID: 36016432 PMCID: PMC9416097 DOI: 10.3390/v14081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious and devastating virus that infects cloven-hoofed livestock and various wildlife species. Vaccination is the best measure to prevent FMD. ADDomer, as a kind of non-infectious adenovirus-inspired nanoparticle, has the advantage of high thermal stability. In this study, two dominant B-cell antigen epitopes (residues 129~160 and 200~213) and a dominant T-cell antigen epitope (residues 16~44) of type O FMDV were inserted into the ADDomer variable loop (VL) and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) loop. The 3D structure of the recombinant protein (ADDomer-RBT) was simulated by homology modeling. First, the recombinant proteins were expressed by the baculovirus expression system and detected by western blot and Q Exactive mass spectrometry. Then the formation of VLPs was observed under a transmission electron micrograph (TEM). Finally, we evaluated the immunogenicity of chimeric VLPs with a murine model. Bioinformatic software analysis preliminarily corroborated that the chosen epitopes were successfully exposed on the surface of ADDomer VLPs. The TEM assay demonstrated the structural integrity of the VLPs. After immunizing, it was found that FMDV-specific antibodies can be produced in mice to induce humoral and cellular immune responses. To sum up, the ADDomer platform can be used as an effective antigen carrier to deliver antigen epitopes. This study presents one of the candidate vaccines to prevent and control FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juncong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (H.D. & J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (H.D. & J.C.)
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Chung H, Choi K, Kim S, Kim S, Lee K, Choe N. Physical and Biological Performance Evaluation of Disinfection Systems for Transportation Vehicles against AI Virus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:956-966. [PMID: 34099600 PMCID: PMC9705944 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases that inflict huge economic and social losses, domestic livestock farms and related facilities have introduced automatic and semiautomatic disinfectant solution-spraying systems for vehicles. However, the facility standards and specifications vary by manufacturer, and no scientific performance evaluation has been conducted. The puropose of this study is to develop physical and biological evaluation methods. Physical and biological appraisals were conducted using two types of disinfection facilities (tunnel- and U-type) and two types of vehicles (passenger car, truck). Water-sensitive paper was used to evaluate the physical performance values for the disinfection facilities. In addition, to assess their biological performance, carriers containing low-pathogenic avian influenza virus were attached to vehicles, and the viral reduction was measured after the vehicles moved through the facility. The tunnel-type had rates of coverage in the range of 70-90% for the passenger car and 60-90% for the truck. At least 4-log virus reduction after spraying for 1-5 min was shown for both vehicles. For the U-type facility evaluation, the coverage rates were in the range of 60-90% for the passenger car and at least 90% for the truck. More than 4-log viral reduction was estimated within a spraying time of 5 min. To reduce viruses on the surface of vehicles by at least 4 log within a short period, the disinfectant solution should cover at least 71% of the pathogens. In conclusion, we were able to assess the physical and biological performance criteria for disinfection facilities aboard transportation vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansung Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghoon Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nonghoon Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-3709 Fax: +82-2-454-3709 E-mail:
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Choi J, Jo HJ, Jung SS, Choi J, Lee SH, Kim HH, Kim YJ, Kim B, Park JH, Kim J. Evaluation of swine protection with foot-and-mouth disease O 1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines against the O Mya-98 lineage virus from East Asia. Vaccine 2021; 39:1701-1707. [PMID: 33618945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two type O commercial vaccines, the O1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines, were studied to evaluate the in vivo efficacy in pigs against heterologous virus challenge with the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014 virus (O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage) isolated in Korea in 2014. The in vivo challenge results indicated that both vaccines induced a high heterologous virus neutralization test (VNT) titer by a single injection and successfully protected specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs from challenge infection. To determine the optimal vaccination age, a field trial with each vaccine was conducted with three one-shot-vaccinated groups that were injected at 8, 12, or 14 weeks of age and one two-shot-vaccinated group that was injected at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the pig farms. In these field trials, the improved serological performance at 20 and 24 weeks of age expected with vaccination at 12 or 14 weeks of age was not observed, although improved serological results were expected as the result of decreasing interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs), as MDAs waned with age. In addition, delayed vaccination resulted in MDA depletion at 14 weeks of age. Therefore, the optimal age for primary vaccination with two different formulated vaccines was 8 weeks old in pigs, considering that MDAs could provide a protective immunity against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection. Prolonged significantly higher VNT titers of immunized pigs were demonstrated in the two-shot-vaccinated groups. In total, the effectiveness of the two vaccines was demonstrated through efficacy tests and field trials in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Lee I, Yoon H, Hong SK, Lim J, Yoo D, Lee E, Wee SH. Epidemiological Characteristics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Republic of Korea, 2014-2019. Prev Vet Med 2021; 188:105284. [PMID: 33607422 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of six epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the Republic of Korea between 2014 and 2019. A total of 223 outbreaks had been confirmed in 40 municipalities across nine provinces. Most farms with FMD (194, 87%) were located in three densely populated livestock areas (Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do). More cases of FMD were found in farms with more than 1,000 pigs or 50 cattle (risk ratios = 1.27 for pigs; 9.46 for Korean native cattle) and fattening pigs. In farms affected by FMD, the proportion of animals with vaccine antibodies was low (5%-50% for Korean native beef cattle farms with FMD in 2017 vs. 97.5% in the surveillance in 2016). Effective control of FMD can be achieved through strict biosecurity measures, proper vaccination, regionalized management, and instilling awareness of FMD prevention in farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Lee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hachung Yoon
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Keun Hong
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Lim
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesung Yoo
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Euneseub Lee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Wee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Kim T, Hong JK, Lee HS, Lee KN, Jo HJ, Choi J, Choi J, Lee SH, Lee MH, Kim B, Park JH. The interference effect of maternally-derived antibodies on the serological performance of pigs immunized with a foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:1723-1729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jo HE, You SH, Choi JH, Ko MK, Shin SH, Song J, Jo H, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Kim B, Park JH. Evaluation of novel inactivated vaccines for the SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs. Virol J 2019; 16:156. [PMID: 31842907 PMCID: PMC6916012 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus is classified into seven serotypes, of which the South African types have South African Territories (SAT)1, SAT2, and SAT3 that are prevalent in Africa. Especially SAT2 have spread to Arabian Peninsula and the Palestinian Autonomous Territories. Of these viruses, the incidence of SAT2 is the highest. It is important to prepare for the spread of the virus to other continents, even though most FMD viruses are bovine-derived. In particular, due to the high breeding density of pigs in Asia, more attention is usually paid to the immunity and protection of pigs than cattle. For this reason, this study investigated the immunity and protection of pigs against the SAT viruses. Methods Specific vaccines were developed for SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 serotypes. These vaccine viruses were designed to be distinguished from the wild-type strain. An immunogenicity test was conducted using these vaccines in both cattle (n = 5/group) and pigs (n = 20/group). Results High virus-neutralizing titer of antibodies (> 1:100) was induced in only 2 weeks after the immunization of cattle with the individual vaccine for SAT1, SAT2 or SAT3, and a clear immune response was induced after the second immunization in pigs. When the vaccinated pigs (n = 4–5/group) were challenged by the homologous wild-type virus strain 4 weeks after immunization, all the pigs were protected from the challenge. Conclusions This study confirmed that these vaccines can be used against SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 viruses in cattle and pigs. The vaccine strains developed in this study are expected to be used as vaccines that can protect against FMD in the event of a future FMD outbreak in pigs in consideration of the situation in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Song
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Jo HE, Ko MK, Choi JH, Shin SH, Jo H, You SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Kim B, Park JH. New foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, O JC-R, induce complete protection to pigs against SEA topotype viruses occurred in South Korea, 2014-2015. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e42. [PMID: 31364326 PMCID: PMC6669207 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute epidemic that spreads rapidly among cattle and pigs. In 2014, in Korea, despite enforced vaccination, the type O Southeast Asia (SEA) topotype viruses (Mya-98 lineage) infected mainly cattle and pigs simultaneously, thereby causing enormous damage. If a vaccine that is completely protective against this FMD virus is developed and used, it can become a very important preventive measure in Asia, which is where this type of virus mainly circulates. The SEA topotype has been steadily evolving and transforming into new variations since it became epidemic in Asia. Therefore, it became necessary to develop a new vaccine that could provide protection against the FMD virus strain that was responsible for the 2014–2015 outbreak in Korea. This study aimed to develop a vaccine that would provide complete protection against the SEA topotype FMD virus to control sporadic FMD outbreaks, which occur despite the enforcement of vaccination, and to completely prevent virus shedding, thereby preventing the virus from spreading. The vaccine candidate virus developed in this study showed low pathogenicity and can be distinguished from the wild-type FMD virus strain. The developed vaccine was able to protect mice from SEA and Middle East–South Asia topotype virus strains and induced high titers of antibodies against both virus strains in pigs, thereby confirming the sufficiency of its protective function. In particular, the results of the SEA topotype virus challenge test in pigs revealed that perfect immunity was created in the vaccinated pigs, without virus shedding and viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Choi
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyundong Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Hwa You
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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11
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Hwang JH, Lee KN, Kim SM, Lee G, Moon Y, Kim B, Lee JS, Park JH. Needleless intradermal vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease induced granuloma-free effective protection in pigs. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e29. [PMID: 31161747 PMCID: PMC6538519 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling and preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. The effective prevention of this disease requires the use of high-quality vaccines to meet the criteria that enable customers to use them simply. The administration of FMD vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants in pigs can induce the formation of granuloma in the muscle of the vaccinated, which makes these vaccines a less preferable option. Therefore, it is important to establish an FMD vaccine and vaccine delivery tool that offers better immunity and safer application. This study compared the immune responses of intramuscular and needleless intradermal vaccination in pigs. When the same amount of an FMD virus (FMDV) antigen was administered to pigs, both the intradermally and intramuscularly vaccinated groups were protected completely against a challenge of the homologous FMDV, but the intramuscularly vaccinated group showed an overall higher level of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the formation of granuloma in muscle could be excluded in the intradermally vaccinated group. Of the oil-based adjuvants selected in this study, ISA 207 was effective in eliciting immunogenicity in intradermal vaccination. In conclusion, a new vaccine formula can be chosen for the delivery of intradermal route to exclude the possibility of local reactions in the muscle and generate protective immunity against an FMDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Kwang Nyeong Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Moon
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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12
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Spitteler MA, Romo A, Magi N, Seo MG, Yun SJ, Barroumeres F, Régulier EG, Bellinzoni R. Validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method for quantitation of foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen in vaccines and vaccine manufacturing. Vaccine 2019; 37:5288-5296. [PMID: 31353259 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease that affects the main meat and dairy production animals, including cattle, sheep, goats and swine. It is readily transmissible and countries where the disease is present suffer harsh international trade restrictions on livestock products and serious economic losses. Vaccines are important tools to contain outbreaks and maintain the status of free with or without vaccination, as defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The efficacy of vaccines is reliant on the content and integrity of inactivated virus particles. The long-established method to quantify the viral content of vaccines along the manufacturing process and in the final product is the 140S sucrose density gradient analysis. This method has been a valuable tool for many decades. However, it requires gradient preparation for each sample, a lengthy ultracentrifugation and a manual UV reading of the gradient, rendering it highly operator dependent and almost impossible to automate. We present a method to quantify FMDV particles in vaccines and intermediate process samples that is based on separation of components by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and measurement of virus by absorption at 254 nm. The method has been extensively validated; it is accurate, precise and linear. It is applicable to all FMDV strains and sample materials and has a good concordance with the 140S test. The proposed method uses off the shelf HPLC equipment and columns. It is easily automated for high throughput operation, affording a useful process analytical technology and a novel tool for control of final product by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Spitteler
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Romo
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Magi
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jong Yun
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, South Korea
| | - Fernando Barroumeres
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel G Régulier
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Bellinzoni
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Brown VR, Bevins SN. Potential role of wildlife in the USA in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease virus incursion. Vet Rec 2019; 184:741. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), National Wildlife Research Center; Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Fort Collins Washington District of Columbia USA
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14
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Arzt J, Branan MA, Delgado AH, Yadav S, Moreno-Torres KI, Tildesley MJ, Stenfeldt C. Quantitative impacts of incubation phase transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2707. [PMID: 30804426 PMCID: PMC6389902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current investigation applied a Bayesian modeling approach to a unique experimental transmission study to estimate the occurrence of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) during the incubation phase amongst group-housed pigs. The primary outcome was that transmission occurred approximately one day prior to development of visible signs of disease (posterior median 21 hours, 95% CI: 1.1-45.0). Updated disease state durations were incorporated into a simulation model to examine the importance of addressing preclinical transmission in the face of robust response measures. Simulation of FMD outbreaks in the US pig production sector demonstrated that including a preclinical infectious period of one day would result in a 40% increase in the median number of farms affected (166 additional farms and 664,912 pigs euthanized) compared to the scenario of no preclinical transmission, assuming suboptimal outbreak response. These findings emphasize the importance of considering transmission of FMD during the incubation phase in modeling and response planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew A Branan
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy H Delgado
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shankar Yadav
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Karla I Moreno-Torres
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael J Tildesley
- Zeeman Institute (SBIDER), School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Population Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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15
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Kim T, Hong JK, Oem JK, Lee KN, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Ryoo S, Ko YJ, Park JH, Choi J, Lee SH, Jo HJ, Lee MH, Kim B, Kim J. Cross-protective efficacy of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine and the O 3039 monovalent vaccine against heterologous challenge with FMDV O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 in pig. Vaccine 2019; 37:1702-1709. [PMID: 30712811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After massive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks originated from Jincheon County from Dec. 2014 to Apr. 2015, the effectiveness of the previous FMD vaccine containing only the O1 Manisa as the O antigen, O1 Manisa + A Malaysia 97 + Asia 1 Sharmir trivalent vaccine, was questioned in South Korea, and a change in the O antigen in FMD vaccines was demanded to control the FMD caused by FMDV O/Jincheon/SKR/2014, the O Jincheon strain. Therefore, the efficacies of O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine and O 3039 monovalent vaccine were studied for cross-protection against heterologous challenge with the O Jincheon strain. In this study, the efficacy of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was better than that of the O 3039 monovalent vaccine, even though the serological relationship (r1 value) between O Jincheon and O 3039 was matched according to the OIE Terrestrial Manual. According to serological test results from vaccinated specific pathogen free pigs, virus neutralization test titers against Jincheon were good estimates for predicting protection against challenge. A field trial of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was performed to estimate the possibility of field application in conventional pig farms, especially due to concerns about the effect of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) in field application of the FMD vaccine. According to the result of the field trial, the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was considered to overcome MDA. The results of the efficacy and field trials indicated that the O1 Manisa + O3039 vaccine could be suitable to replace previous FMD vaccines to control the FMD field situation caused by O Jincheon FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseong Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Kwan Hong
- Daesung Microbiological Laboratory, 103, Deogyeong-daero, Uiwang City, Gyeonggi-do 16103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Korean Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan City, Jeollabuk-do 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Cabezas AH, Sanderson MW, Jaberi-Douraki M, Volkova VV. Clinical and infection dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease in beef feedlot cattle: An expert survey. Prev Vet Med 2018; 158:160-168. [PMID: 30220390 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Parameterizing mathematical models of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDv) transmission is challenging due to knowledge gaps on the variable dynamics in susceptible populations. Expert opinion surveys are an approach to gather data on topics where no data have been reported. The objective of this study was to collect-via an expert-opinion survey-key parameter values of the potential FMD natural history and transmissibility in beef feedlot cattle in the U.S. Experts with experience working with FMD in endemic and non-endemic settings were targeted. Parameters surveyed were: duration of infection and disease stages, proportions of animals with specific clinical manifestations, duration and extent of the reduction in feed consumption, and probabilities of severe clinical disease and FMDv transmission. We surveyed the parameter values for infections by strains of different virulence, different infection doses, and routes of transmission. Twenty-seven experts from around the world agreed to participate and 16 (59%) completed the survey. The expert responses to individual questions were resampled via Monte Carlo simulations; to the resulting distributions, candidate theoretical distributions were fitted using the maximum likelihood method and the sought parameter values estimated based on the best-fit distributions. Of the infection stages, the estimates of the expected FMD latent period in beef feedlot ranged from 1.7 to 5.3 days and the infectious period from 5.6 to 10.9 days. Of the disease stages, the estimated incubation period ranged from 2.9 to 6.1 days, subclinical period from 1.2 to 2.8 days, and clinical period from 4.2 to 7.5 days. Probability of developing clinical disease after infection varied from 82% (IQ range 90-70%) with high-virulent to 63% (IQ range 89-60%) with low-virulent strains. Reduction in feed consumption was estimated to last 5 (SD ± 2) days in cattle infected by a low-virulent FMDv strain and 7 (SD ± 2) days for high virulent strains. The study results can be used in combination with experimental and outbreak investigation data to parameterize FMDv-transmission models to evaluate intervention responses during hypothetical FMD epidemics in beef feedlot populations in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio H Cabezas
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Michael W Sanderson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Victoriya V Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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17
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Park JH, Tark D, Lee KN, Chun JE, Lee HS, Ko YJ, Kye SJ, Kim YJ, Oem JK, Ryoo S, Lim SB, Lee SY, Choi JH, Ko MK, You SH, Lee MH, Kim B. Control of type O foot-and-mouth disease by vaccination in Korea, 2014-2015. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:271-279. [PMID: 29169228 PMCID: PMC5879075 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On December 3, 2014, a type O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak began in Korea. Although vaccinations were administered, FMD cases increased steadily for five months, and reached 185 cases by April 2015. Most of the affected animals were pigs, which are vulnerable to vaccination. The FMD virus belonged to the South-East Asia (SEA) topotype that had been observed three times in Korea between April 2010 and July 2014. However, the FMD virus isolated in December 2014 had a unique feature; that is, partial deletion of the 5´ non-coding region, a deletion not seen in previous SEA topotype isolates identified in Korea. We conclude that this outbreak included the introduction of a new FMD strain to Korea, and that Korea was now affected by genetically similar FMD virus strains that are related to those from neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Eun Chun
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | | | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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18
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Je SH, Kwon T, Yoo SJ, Lee DU, Seo SW, Byun JJ, Shin JY, Lyoo YS. Genetic identification and serological evaluation of commercial inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:139-144. [PMID: 30112353 PMCID: PMC6082676 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is considered a frequently used tool to prevent and control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, the effectiveness of conventional FMD virus (FMDV) vaccines in pigs has been controversial because the massive prophylactic vaccination could not elicit proper immune response nor prevent the broad spread of FMD outbreak, mainly in pig farms, in South Korea during outbreaks of 2014. In addition, there has been little information on the efficacy of inactivated, high potency, multivalent, oil-based FMDV vaccine in pigs, because an evaluation of FMDV vaccines had been mainly carried out using cattle. In this study, we evaluated the genetic identification of commercial inactivated FMDV vaccine and monitored the immune responses in pigs under the field condition. Results implied that it contained three different serotypes with a high level of antigen payload. However, serological results showed low mean percentage of inhibition, and positive rate reached its peak at 6-week post-vaccination, indicating current FMDV vaccine need to improve for a prophylactic vaccination policy in pigs. Therefore, there is an imperative need to develop FMDV vaccine that can provide rapid and long-lasting protective immunity in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang H Je
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung J Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong J Byun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Y Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Park ME, You SH, Lee SY, Lee KN, Ko MK, Choi JH, Kim B, Lee JS, Park JH. Immune responses in pigs and cattle vaccinated with half-volume foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:323-331. [PMID: 28859272 PMCID: PMC5583420 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.s1.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current commercial foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, inoculating twice increases the formation of denatured meat due to granuloma or residual adjuvant at the injection site in pigs, resulting in economic loss. Therefore, we investigated protective antibody levels after reducing the amount of adjuvant in the vaccine. Field applicability of the experimental vaccine, made with a new adjuvant ISA 201, was tested by vaccinating farm animals with half-volume doses (1 mL/animal) of commercial vaccine and monitoring their immunogenicity. Among pigs, the group that received a half-volume dose showed similar or higher titers of structural protein antibody and neutralizing antibody than those receiving the standard dose (2 mL). In pigs, the durable effects of antibody titer of the reduced vaccine volume did not diminish up to the time of slaughter. Among cattle, boosting with a second 1 mL vaccine increased virus neutralizing antibody for the protective effects. The boosting effects were more marked in cattle than in pigs. The immune responses differed between species with the effect of the half-volume vaccination being lower in cattle than in pigs. In conclusion, the immune response to the half-volume vaccine was similar to that from the standard volume vaccine in pigs, but not in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Eun Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
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Kim HY, Seo J, Kim TH, Shim B, Cha SM, Yu S. Pyrosequencing-based assessment of microbial community shifts in leachate from animal carcass burial lysimeter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:232-239. [PMID: 28249748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the use of microbial community structure as a bio-indicator of decomposition levels. High-throughput pyrosequencing technology was used to assess the shift in microbial community of leachate from animal carcass lysimeter. The leachate samples were collected monthly for one year and a total of 164,639 pyrosequencing reads were obtained and used in the taxonomic classification and operational taxonomy units (OTUs) distribution analysis based on sequence similarity. Our results show considerable changes in the phylum-level bacterial composition, suggesting that the microbial community is a sensitive parameter affected by the burial environment. The phylum classification results showed that Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas) were the most influential taxa in earlier decomposition stage whereas Firmicutes (Clostridium, Sporanaerobacter, and Peptostreptococcus) were dominant in later stage under anaerobic conditions. The result of this study can provide useful information on a time series of leachate profiles of microbial community structures and suggest patterns of microbial diversity in livestock burial sites. In addition, this result can be applicable to predict the decomposition stages under clay loam based soil conditions of animal livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Seo
- Reliability Test Center, Defense Agency for Technology and Quality, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Shim
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Mun Cha
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Yu
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea.
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