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Ribeiro YP, Falcão LFM, Smith VC, de Sousa JR, Pagliari C, Franco ECS, Cruz ACR, Chiang JO, Martins LC, Nunes JAL, Vilacoert FSDS, Santos LCD, Furlaneto MP, Fuzii HT, Bertonsin Filho MV, da Costa LD, Duarte MIS, Furlaneto IP, Martins Filho AJ, Aarão TLDS, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS. Comparative Analysis of Human Hepatic Lesions in Dengue, Yellow Fever, and Chikungunya: Revisiting Histopathological Changes in the Light of Modern Knowledge of Cell Pathology. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050680. [PMID: 37242350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), present wide global dissemination and a pathogenic profile developed in infected individuals, from non-specific clinical conditions to severe forms, characterised by the promotion of significant lesions in different organs of the harbourer, culminating in multiple organ dysfunction. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out via the histopathological analysis of 70 samples of liver patients, collected between 2000 and 2017, with confirmed laboratory diagnoses, who died due to infection and complications due to yellow fever (YF), dengue fever (DF), and chikungunya fever (CF), to characterise, quantify, and compare the patterns of histopathological alterations in the liver between the samples. Of the histopathological findings in the human liver samples, there was a significant difference between the control and infection groups, with a predominance of alterations in the midzonal area of the three cases analysed. Hepatic involvement in cases of YF showed a greater intensity of histopathological changes. Among the alterations evaluated, cell swelling, microvesicular steatosis, and apoptosis were classified according to the degree of tissue damage from severe to very severe. Pathological abnormalities associated with YFV, DENV, and CHIKV infections showed a predominance of changes in the midzonal area. We also noted that, among the arboviruses studied, liver involvement in cases of YFV infection was more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pacheco Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavaleiro Smith
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Janniffer Oliveira Chiang
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Abreu Lima Nunes
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Lais Carneiro Dos Santos
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Luccas Delgado da Costa
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
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2
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Phenotypic and Genetic Studies of the Viral Lineage Associated with the Recent Yellow Fever Outbreak in Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081818. [PMID: 36016440 PMCID: PMC9412561 DOI: 10.3390/v14081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) caused an outbreak in the Brazilian Southeast from 2016 to 2019, of the most significant magnitude since the 1900s. An investigation of the circulating virus revealed that most of the genomes detected in this period carried nine unique amino acid polymorphisms, with eight located in the non-structural proteins NS3 and NS5, which are pivotal for viral replication. To elucidate the effect of these amino acid changes on viral infection, we constructed viruses carrying amino acid alterations in NS3 and NS5, performed infection in different cells, and assessed their neurovirulence in BALB/c mice and infected AG129 mice. We observed that the residues that compose the YFV 2016-2019 molecular signature in the NS5 protein might have been related to an attenuated phenotype, and that the alterations in the NS3 protein only slightly affected viral infection in AG129 mice, increasing to a low extent the mortality rate of these animals. These results contributed to unveiling the role of specific naturally occurring amino acid changes in the circulating strain of YFV in Brazil.
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Aliaga-Samanez A, Real R, Segura M, Marfil-Daza C, Olivero J. Yellow fever surveillance suggests zoonotic and anthroponotic emergent potential. Commun Biol 2022; 5:530. [PMID: 35654842 PMCID: PMC9163115 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes among human and non-human primates. In the last decades, infections are occurring in areas that had been free from yellow fever for decades, probably as a consequence of the rapid spread of mosquito vectors, and of the virus evolutionary dynamic in which non-human primates are involved. This research is a pathogeographic assessment of where enzootic cycles, based on primate assemblages, could be amplifying the risk of yellow fever infections, in the context of spatial changes shown by the disease since the late 20th century. In South America, the most relevant spread of disease cases affects parts of the Amazon basin and a wide area of southern Brazil, where forest fragmentation could be activating enzootic cycles next to urban areas. In Africa, yellow fever transmission is apparently spreading from the west of the continent, and primates could be contributing to this in savannas around rainforests. Our results are useful for identifying new areas that should be prioritised for vaccination, and suggest the need of deep yellow fever surveillance in primates of South America and Africa. Models based on primates and disease vectors indicate a risk of zoonotic and anthroponotic yellow fever expansion in South America and Africa.
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Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Suárez JA, Franco-Paredes C, Forero-Peña DA, Mattar S, Villamil-Gómez WE, Ruíz-Sáenz J, Cardona-Ospina JA, Figuera ME, Sierra-Carrero LL, Risquez A, Cimerman S, Valero-Cedeño N, Cabrera M, Robaina-Barrios AJ, López-Díaz L, Barbella R, Navas RM, Díaz-Quijano F, Carrero Y, Pineda A, Brito MO, Savio-Larriera E, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Maquera-Afaray J, Solarte-Portilla MA, Hernández-Botero S, Contreras K, López MG, Henao-Martinez AF, Ortiz-Martinez Y, Chaves TDSS, Orduna T, Lepetic A, Macchi A, Verbanaz S, Perret C, Echazarreta S, Lloveras SC, Gallego V, Navarro JC, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Yellow fever reemergence in Venezuela - Implications for international travelers and Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102192. [PMID: 34751150 PMCID: PMC8553654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - José Antonio Suárez
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Investigador SNI Senacyt Panamá, Clinical Research Deparment, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - David A Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Salim Mattar
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gómez
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia; Programa del Doctorado de Medicina Tropical, SUE Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Julián Ruíz-Sáenz
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Semillero de Investigación en Infecciones Emergentes y Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Leandro Luis Sierra-Carrero
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte and Hospital Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Risquez
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sergio Cimerman
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nereida Valero-Cedeño
- Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Cantón Jipijapa, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Cabrera
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado (VRIP), Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - Andrea J Robaina-Barrios
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Rosa Barbella
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosa M Navas
- Health Care Service, International Airport Camilo Daza, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Fredi Díaz-Quijano
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maximo O Brito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 30A #, 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Julio Maquera-Afaray
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
| | | | - Sebastián Hernández-Botero
- Coordination of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia; Grupo de Resistencia Antibiótica de Manizales (GRAM), Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Krisell Contreras
- Clínica San José, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Maria Graciela López
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Niños J. M. de Los Ríos, Caracas, Venezuela; Executive Board, Venezuelan Society of Infectious Diseases, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andrés F Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yeimer Ortiz-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health of Ministry of Brazil, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | - Tomas Orduna
- Hospital de Infecciosas F. Muñíz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Lepetic
- Clinical Research & Development and Medical Affairs for GSK Vaccines, Rio de Janeiro, 22783-110, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Macchi
- Hospital de Trauma y Emergencias Federico Abete, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cecilia Perret
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Susana Cristina Lloveras
- Hospital de Infecciosas F. Muñíz, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Gallego
- Panel of Sports and Travel, Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clínica IDB Cabudare, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Barquisimeto, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Infectious Diseases Research Branch, Venezuelan Science Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Cabudare, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Bioquímica de Parásitos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Caracas, Venezuela; Direction of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital-Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Carrillo-Bilbao G, Martin-Solano S, Saegerman C. Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:1009. [PMID: 34451473 PMCID: PMC8400055 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Carrillo-Bilbao
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Facultad de Filosofía y Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador;
| | - Sarah Martin-Solano
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, 171103 Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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Aliaga-Samanez A, Cobos-Mayo M, Real R, Segura M, Romero D, Fa JE, Olivero J. Worldwide dynamic biogeography of zoonotic and anthroponotic dengue. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009496. [PMID: 34097704 PMCID: PMC8211191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The rapid spread of dengue could lead to a global pandemic, and so the geographical extent of this spread needs to be assessed and predicted. There are also reasons to suggest that transmission of dengue from non-human primates in tropical forest cycles is being underestimated. We investigate the fine-scale geographic changes in transmission risk since the late 20th century, and take into account for the first time the potential role that primate biogeography and sylvatic vectors play in increasing the disease transmission risk. We apply a biogeographic framework to the most recent global dataset of dengue cases. Temporally stratified models describing favorable areas for vector presence and for disease transmission are combined. Our models were validated for predictive capacity, and point to a significant broadening of vector presence in tropical and non-tropical areas globally. We show that dengue transmission is likely to spread to affected areas in China, Papua New Guinea, Australia, USA, Colombia, Venezuela, Madagascar, as well as to cities in Europe and Japan. These models also suggest that dengue transmission is likely to spread to regions where there are presently no or very few reports of occurrence. According to our results, sylvatic dengue cycles account for a small percentage of the global extent of the human case record, but could be increasing in relevance in Asia, Africa, and South America. The spatial distribution of factors favoring transmission risk in different regions of the world allows for distinct management strategies to be prepared. The rate of disease emergence is increasing globally, and many long-existing diseases are extending their distribution ranges. This is the case for dengue, a global pandemic whose mosquito vectors are currently occupying ever-increasing numbers of regions worldwide. We updated the most complete global dataset of dengue cases available, and addressed the fine-scale analysis of the geographic changes experienced in dengue-transmission risk since the late 20th century. Our approach is the first to take into account the potential role of primates and sylvatic vectors in increasing the disease transmission risk in tropical forests. We built models that describe the favorable areas for vector presence and for disease occurrence, and combined them in order to obtain a novel model for predicting transmission risk. We show that dengue transmission is likely to spread to affected areas in Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Oceania, and to regions with presently no or very few cases, including cities in Europe and Japan. The global contribution of sylvatic dengue cycles is small but meaningful. Our methodological approach can differentiate the factors favoring risk in different world regions, thus allowing for management strategies to be prepared specifically for each of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Aliaga-Samanez
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Cobos-Mayo
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raimundo Real
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto IBYDA, Centro de Experimentación Grice-Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Segura
- Centro de Vacunación Internacional de Málaga, Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Romero
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julia E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jesús Olivero
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto IBYDA, Centro de Experimentación Grice-Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
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7
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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Henao-Martínez AF, Ruiz-Saenz J, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Gomez-Marin JE, Bueno-Marí R, Carrero Y, Villamil-Gomez WE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Haque U, Ramirez JD, Navarro JC, Lloveras S, Arteaga-Livias K, Casalone C, Maguiña JL, Escobedo AA, Hidalgo M, Bandeira AC, Mattar S, Cardona-Ospina JA, Suárez JA. The Constant Threat of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Emerging Tropical Diseases: Living on the Edge. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021; 2:676905. [PMID: 34010366 PMCID: PMC8132189 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.676905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Colombia
- Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
- Master Program on Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | | | - Andrés F. Henao-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucia E. Alvarado-Arnez
- Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jorge E. Gomez-Marin
- Grupo de Estudio en Parasitologia Molecular (GEPAMOL) Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Ruben Bueno-Marí
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Laboratorios Lokímica, Paterna, Spain
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica y Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjasot, Spain
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Wilmer E. Villamil-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Colombia
- Programa Del Doctorado de Medicina Tropical, SUE Caribe, Universidad Del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Juan D. Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susana Lloveras
- Sección Zoopatología Médica, Hospital de Infecciosas FJ Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Master Program on Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru
| | | | - Jorge L. Maguiña
- Master Program on Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Angel A. Escobedo
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marylin Hidalgo
- Infectious Diseases Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Salim Mattar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas del Tropico, Universidad de Cordoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Jose A. Suárez
- Investigador SNI Senacyt Panamá, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama
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8
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Using Data Mining and Network Analysis to Infer Arboviral Dynamics: The Case of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Reported in Mexico. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050398. [PMID: 33946977 PMCID: PMC8146811 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the significant impact of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) on both human and animal health, predicting their dynamics and understanding their transmission cycle is of the utmost importance. Usually, predictions about the distribution of priority pathogens, such as Dengue, Yellow fever, West Nile Virus and St. Louis encephalitis, relate abiotic elements to simple biotic components, such as a single causal agent. Furthermore, focusing on single pathogens neglects the possibility of interactions and the existence of common elements in the transmission cycles of multiple pathogens. A necessary, but not sufficient, condition that a mosquito be a vector of a MBFV is that it co-occurs with hosts of the pathogen. We therefore use a recently developed modeling framework, based on co-occurrence data, to infer potential biotic interactions between those mosquito and mammal species which have previously been identified as vectors or confirmed positives of at least one of the considered MBFVs. We thus create models for predicting the relative importance of mosquito species as potential vectors for each pathogen, and also for all pathogens together, using the known vectors to validate the models. We infer that various mosquito species are likely to be significant vectors, even though they have not currently been identified as such, and are likely to harbor multiple pathogens, again validating the predictions with known results. Besides the above "niche-based" viewpoint we also consider an assemblage-based analysis, wherein we use a community-identification algorithm to identify those mosquito and/or mammal species that form assemblages by dint of their significant degree of co-occurrence. The most cohesive assemblage includes important primary vectors, such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, C. quinquefasciatus, C. pipiens and mammals with abundant populations that are well-adapted to human environments, such as the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), peccary (Tayassu pecari), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and bats (Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium). Our results suggest that this assemblage has an important role in the transmission dynamics of this viral group viewed as a complex multi-pathogen-vector-host system. By including biotic risk factors our approach also modifies the geographical risk profiles of the spatial distribution of MBFVs in Mexico relative to a consideration of only abiotic niche variables.
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9
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Re-emergence of yellow fever in Venezuela: Report of the first case after 14 years. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 41:102025. [PMID: 33727174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Dahmana H, Mediannikov O. Mosquito-Borne Diseases Emergence/Resurgence and How to Effectively Control It Biologically. Pathogens 2020; 9:E310. [PMID: 32340230 PMCID: PMC7238209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deadly pathogens and parasites are transmitted by vectors and the mosquito is considered the most threatening vector in public health, transmitting these pathogens to humans and animals. We are currently witnessing the emergence/resurgence in new regions/populations of the most important mosquito-borne diseases, such as arboviruses and malaria. This resurgence may be the consequence of numerous complex parameters, but the major cause remains the mismanagement of insecticide use and the emergence of resistance. Biological control programmes have rendered promising results but several highly effective techniques, such as genetic manipulation, remain insufficiently considered as a control mechanism. Currently, new strategies based on attractive toxic sugar baits and new agents, such as Wolbachia and Asaia, are being intensively studied for potential use as alternatives to chemicals. Research into new insecticides, Insect Growth Regulators, and repellent compounds is pressing, and the improvement of biological strategies may provide key solutions to prevent outbreaks, decrease the danger to at-risk populations, and mitigate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handi Dahmana
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
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11
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Silva NIO, Sacchetto L, de Rezende IM, Trindade GDS, LaBeaud AD, de Thoisy B, Drumond BP. Recent sylvatic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil: the news from an old disease. Virol J 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 31973727 PMCID: PMC6979359 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral disease, affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite the existence of a safe vaccine, YF continues to cause morbidity and mortality in thousands of people in Africa and South America. Since 2016, massive YF outbreaks have taken place in Brazil, reaching YF-free zones, causing thousands of deaths of humans and NHP. Here we reviewed the main epidemiological aspects, new clinical findings in humans, and issues regarding YFV infection in vectors and NHP in Brazil. The 2016-2019 YF epidemics have been considered the most significant outbreaks of the last 70 years in the country, and the number of human cases was 2.8 times higher than total cases in the previous 36 years. A new YFV lineage was associated with the recent outbreaks, with persistent circulation in Southeast Brazil until 2019. Due to the high number of infected patients, it was possible to evaluate severity and death predictors and new clinical features of YF. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus were considered the primary vectors during the outbreaks, and no human case suggested the occurrence of the urban transmission cycle. YFV was detected in a variety of NHP specimens presenting viscerotropic disease, similar to that described experimentally. Further studies regarding NHP sensitivity to YFV, YF pathogenesis, and the duration of the immune response in NHP could contribute to YF surveillance, control, and future strategies for NHP conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016-2017). Sci Rep 2019; 9:5474. [PMID: 30940867 PMCID: PMC6445104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning in late 2016 Brazil faced the worst outbreak of Yellow Fever in recent decades, mainly located in southeastern rural regions of the country. In the present study we characterize the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) associated with this outbreak in São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood or tissues collected from 430 dead monkeys and 1030 pools containing a total of 5,518 mosquitoes were tested for YFV by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence. A total of 67 monkeys were YFV-positive and 3 pools yielded YFV following culture in a C6/36 cell line. Analysis of five nearly full length genomes of YFV from collected samples was consistent with evidence that the virus associated with the São Paulo outbreak originated in Minas Gerais. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that strains involved in the 2016–2017 outbreak in distinct Brazilian states (i.e., Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo) intermingled in maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees. Conversely, the strains detected in São Paulo formed a monophyletic cluster, suggesting that they were local-adapted. The finding of YFV by RT-PCR in five Callithrix monkeys who were all YFV-negative by histopathology or immunohistochemistry suggests that this YFV lineage circulating in Sao Paulo is associated with different outcomes in Callithrix when compared to other monkeys.
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13
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Faria NR, Kraemer MUG, Hill SC, Goes de Jesus J, Aguiar RS, Iani FCM, Xavier J, Quick J, du Plessis L, Dellicour S, Thézé J, Carvalho RDO, Baele G, Wu CH, Silveira PP, Arruda MB, Pereira MA, Pereira GC, Lourenço J, Obolski U, Abade L, Vasylyeva TI, Giovanetti M, Yi D, Weiss DJ, Wint GRW, Shearer FM, Funk S, Nikolay B, Fonseca V, Adelino TER, Oliveira MAA, Silva MVF, Sacchetto L, Figueiredo PO, Rezende IM, Mello EM, Said RFC, Santos DA, Ferraz ML, Brito MG, Santana LF, Menezes MT, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Dos Santos FCP, Cunha MS, Nogueira JS, Rocco IM, da Costa AC, Komninakis SCV, Azevedo V, Chieppe AO, Araujo ESM, Mendonça MCL, Dos Santos CC, Dos Santos CD, Mares-Guia AM, Nogueira RMR, Sequeira PC, Abreu RG, Garcia MHO, Abreu AL, Okumoto O, Kroon EG, de Albuquerque CFC, Lewandowski K, Pullan ST, Carroll M, de Oliveira T, Sabino EC, Souza RP, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Trindade GS, Drumond BP, Filippis AMB, Loman NJ, Cauchemez S, Alcantara LCJ, Pybus OG. Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential. Science 2018; 361:894-899. [PMID: 30139911 PMCID: PMC6874500 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Goes de Jesus
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R S Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F C M Iani
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Xavier
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R D O Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Baele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C-H Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P P Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M B Arruda
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M A Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G C Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - U Obolski
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Abade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Global Health Network, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T I Vasylyeva
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D Yi
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D J Weiss
- Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G R W Wint
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F M Shearer
- Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Funk
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Nikolay
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - V Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - T E R Adelino
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M A A Oliveira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M V F Silva
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L Sacchetto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P O Figueiredo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I M Rezende
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E M Mello
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R F C Said
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D A Santos
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M L Ferraz
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M G Brito
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L F Santana
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M T Menezes
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M Brindeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F C P Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Cunha
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J S Nogueira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I M Rocco
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C V Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine of ABC (FMABC), Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A O Chieppe
- Coordenação de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S M Araujo
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C L Mendonça
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C C Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C D Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M Mares-Guia
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M R Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P C Sequeira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R G Abreu
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M H O Garcia
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - A L Abreu
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - O Okumoto
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - E G Kroon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C F C de Albuquerque
- Organização Pan - Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde - (OPAS/OMS), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - K Lewandowski
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - S T Pullan
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - M Carroll
- NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - T de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - E C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R P Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G S Trindade
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B P Drumond
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M B Filippis
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - L C J Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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14
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Klitting R, Fischer C, Drexler JF, Gould EA, Roiz D, Paupy C, de Lamballerie X. What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (II). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E425. [PMID: 30134625 PMCID: PMC6162518 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As revealed by the recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America, YFV control measures need urgent rethinking. Over the last decade, most reported outbreaks occurred in, or eventually reached, areas with low vaccination coverage but that are suitable for virus transmission, with an unprecedented risk of expansion to densely populated territories in Africa, South America and Asia. As reflected in the World Health Organization's initiative launched in 2017, it is high time to strengthen epidemiological surveillance to monitor accurately viral dissemination, and redefine vaccination recommendation areas. Vector-control and immunisation measures need to be adapted and vaccine manufacturing must be reconciled with an increasing demand. We will have to face more yellow fever (YF) cases in the upcoming years. Hence, improving disease management through the development of efficient treatments will prove most beneficial. Undoubtedly, these developments will require in-depth descriptions of YFV biology at molecular, physiological and ecological levels. This second section of a two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
| | - David Roiz
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
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15
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Klitting R, Gould EA, Paupy C, de Lamballerie X. What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E291. [PMID: 29890711 PMCID: PMC6027470 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. Yellow fever virus had been a human plague for centuries prior to the identification of its urban transmission vector, the Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquito species, and the development of an efficient live-attenuated vaccine, the YF-17D strain. The combination of vector-control measures and vaccination campaigns drastically reduced YFV incidence in humans on many occasions, but the virus never ceased to circulate in the forest, through its sylvatic invertebrate vector(s) and vertebrate host(s). Outbreaks recently reported in Central Africa (2015⁻2016) and Brazil (since late 2016), reached considerable proportions in terms of spatial distribution and total numbers of cases, with multiple exports, including to China. In turn, questions about the likeliness of occurrence of large urban YFV outbreaks in the Americas or of a successful import of YFV to Asia are currently resurfacing. This two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology and transmission dynamics of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at individual, local and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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16
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Bonaldo MC, Gómez MM, Dos Santos AA, Abreu FVSD, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Miranda RMD, Castro MGD, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Genome analysis of yellow fever virus of the ongoing outbreak in Brazil reveals polymorphisms. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:447-451. [PMID: 28591405 PMCID: PMC5446234 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current yellow fever outbreak in Brazil is the most severe one in the country in recent times. It has rapidly spread to areas where YF virus (YFV) activity has not been observed for more than 70 years and vaccine coverage is almost null. Here, we sequenced the whole YFV genome of two naturally infected howler-monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) obtained from the Municipality of Domingos Martins, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. These two ongoing-outbreak genome sequences are identical. They clustered in the 1E sub-clade (South America genotype I) along with the Brazilian and Venezuelan strains recently characterised from infections in humans and non-human primates that have been described in the last 20 years. However, we detected eight unique amino acid changes in the viral proteins, including the structural capsid protein (one change), and the components of the viral replicase complex, the NS3 (two changes) and NS5 (five changes) proteins, that could impact the capacity of viral infection in vertebrate and/or invertebrate hosts and spreading of the ongoing outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna C Bonaldo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Ac Dos Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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17
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Phylodynamics of Yellow Fever Virus in the Americas: new insights into the origin of the 2017 Brazilian outbreak. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7385. [PMID: 28785067 PMCID: PMC5547128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) strains circulating in the Americas belong to two distinct genotypes (I and II) that have diversified into several concurrent enzootic lineages. Since 1999, YFV genotype I has spread outside endemic regions and its recent (2017) reemergence in non-endemic Southeastern Brazilian states fuels one of the largest epizootic of jungle Yellow Fever registered in the country. To better understand this phenomenon, we reconstructed the phylodynamics of YFV American genotypes using sequences from nine countries sampled along 60 years, including strains from Brazilian 2017 outbreak. Our analyses reveals that YFV genotypes I and II follow roughly similar evolutionary and demographic dynamics until the early 1990s, when a dramatic change in the diversification process of the genotype I occurred associated with the emergence and dissemination of a new lineage (here called modern). Trinidad and Tobago was the most likely source of the YFV modern-lineage that spread to Brazil and Venezuela around the late 1980s, where it replaced all lineages previously circulating. The modern-lineage caused all major YFV outbreaks detected in non-endemic South American regions since 2000, including the 2017 Brazilian outbreak, and its dissemination was coupled to the accumulation of several amino acid substitutions particularly within non-structural viral proteins.
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18
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Jorge TR, Mosimann ALP, Noronha LD, Maron A, Duarte dos Santos CN. Isolation and characterization of a Brazilian strain of yellow fever virus from an epizootic outbreak in 2009. Acta Trop 2017; 166:114-120. [PMID: 27818122 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During a series of epizootics caused by Yellow fever virus in Brazil between 2007 and 2009, a monkey was found dead (May 2009) in a sylvatic area in the State of Paraná. Brain samples from this animal were used for immunohistochemical analysis and isolation of a wild-type strain of YFV. This viral strain was characterized, and sequence analyzes demonstrated that it is closely related with YFV strains of the recently identified subclade 1E of the South American genotype I. Further characterization included indirect-immunofluorescence of different infected cell lines and analysis of the kinetics of virus replication and infectivity inhibition by type I IFN. The generated data contributes to the knowledge of YFV evolution and phylogeny. Additionally, the reagents generated and characterized during this study, such as a panel of monoclonal antibodies, are useful tools for further studies on YFV. Lastly, this case stresses the importance of yellow fever surveillance through sentinel monkeys.
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19
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Hassell JM, Begon M, Ward MJ, Fèvre EM. Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:55-67. [PMID: 28029378 PMCID: PMC5214842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is characterized by rapid intensification of agriculture, socioeconomic change, and ecological fragmentation, which can have profound impacts on the epidemiology of infectious disease. Here, we review current scientific evidence for the drivers and epidemiology of emerging wildlife-borne zoonoses in urban landscapes, where anthropogenic pressures can create diverse wildlife-livestock-human interfaces. We argue that these interfaces represent a critical point for cross-species transmission and emergence of pathogens into new host populations, and thus understanding their form and function is necessary to identify suitable interventions to mitigate the risk of disease emergence. To achieve this, interfaces must be studied as complex, multihost communities whose structure and form are dictated by both ecological and anthropological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hassell
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Melissa J Ward
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eric M Fèvre
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Auguste AJ, Liria J, Forrester NL, Giambalvo D, Moncada M, Long KC, Morón D, de Manzione N, Tesh RB, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Hernandez R, Navarro JC, Weaver SC. Evolutionary and Ecological Characterization of Mayaro Virus Strains Isolated during an Outbreak, Venezuela, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1742-50. [PMID: 26401714 PMCID: PMC4593426 DOI: 10.3201/eid2110.141660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, an outbreak of febrile illness with arthralgic manifestations was detected at La Estación village, Portuguesa State, Venezuela. The etiologic agent was determined to be Mayaro virus (MAYV), a reemerging South American alphavirus. A total of 77 cases was reported and 19 were confirmed as seropositive. MAYV was isolated from acute-phase serum samples from 6 symptomatic patients. We sequenced 27 complete genomes representing the full spectrum of MAYV genetic diversity, which facilitated detection of a new genotype, designated N. Phylogenetic analysis of genomic sequences indicated that etiologic strains from Venezuela belong to genotype D. Results indicate that MAYV is highly conserved genetically, showing ≈17% nucleotide divergence across all 3 genotypes and 4% among genotype D strains in the most variable genes. Coalescent analyses suggested genotypes D and L diverged ≈150 years ago and genotype diverged N ≈250 years ago. This virus commonly infects persons residing near enzootic transmission foci because of anthropogenic incursions.
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