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Porea D, Raileanu C, Crivei LA, Gotu V, Savuta G, Pavio N. First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus ( Rocahepevirus ratti Genotype C1) in Synanthropic Norway Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in Romania. Viruses 2023; 15:1337. [PMID: 37376636 DOI: 10.3390/v15061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with different viral genera and species reported in a wide range of animals. Rodents, particularly rats, carry the specific genus rat HEV (Rocahepevirus genus, genotype C1) and are exposed occasionally to HEV-3 (Paslahepevirus genus, genotype 3), a zoonotic genotype identified in humans and widely distributed in domestic and feral pigs. In this study, the presence of HEV was investigated in synanthropic Norway rats from Eastern Romania, in areas where the presence of HEV-3 was previously reported in pigs, wild boars and humans. Using methods capable of detecting different HEV species, the presence of HEV RNA was investigated in 69 liver samples collected from 52 rats and other animal species. Nine rat liver samples were identified as being positive for rat HEV RNA (17.3%). High sequence identity (85-89% nt) was found with other European Rocahepevirus. All samples tested from other animal species, within the same environment, were negative for HEV. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of HEV in rats from Romania. Since rat HEV has been reported to cause zoonotic infections in humans, this finding supports the need to extend the diagnosis of Rocahepevirus in humans with suspicion of hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Porea
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
- Laboratories and Research Stations Department, Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, 820112 Tulcea, Romania
| | - Cristian Raileanu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
| | - Luciana Alexandra Crivei
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety Iași, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
| | - Vasilica Gotu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Savuta
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety Iași, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania
| | - Nicole Pavio
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation de L'environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Institut National de Recherche pour L'agriculture L'alimentation et L'environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), UMR Virology, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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2
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Pellerin M, Trabucco B, Capai L, Laval M, Maestrini O, Jori F, Falchi A, Doceul V, Charrier F, Casabianca F, Pavio N. Low prevalence of hepatitis E virus in the liver of Corsican pigs slaughtered after 12 months despite high antibody seroprevalence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2706-e2718. [PMID: 35689821 PMCID: PMC9796636 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can be acute and benign or evolve to chronic hepatitis with rapid progression toward cirrhosis or liver failure in humans. Hence, hepatitis E (HE) disease is a major public health concern. In countries where pig populations are highly contaminated with HEV, human cases of HE are mainly foodborne, occurring frequently after consumption of raw or undercooked pork products or liver. Among factors associated to the presence of HEV in pork livers from intensive rearing systems, early slaughter (≤6 months) seems to be major. In Corsica, local pigs are raised in extensive farming systems and slaughtered after 12 months. To evaluate if slaughter of pigs over 12 months reduces the risk of HEV presence in livers, 1197 liver samples were randomly collected in 2 Corsican slaughterhouses. Presence of HEV RNA was detected in liver and HEV seroprevalence was determined in paired serum. The sampling included 1083 livers from animals between 12 and 48 months and 114 livers from animals <12 months. The samples were predominantly from semi-extensive and extensive farms (n = 1154). Estimated HEV seroprevalence was high, that is, >88%, and HEV RNA prevalence in adult pig livers (>12 months old) was low, that is, 0.18%. However, in livers from younger animals (<12 months), including piglets below 6 months old, 5.3% (6/114) of the samples were positive for HEV RNA. Sequences recovered from positive livers belonged to HEV genotype 3c and 3f. The presence of infectious HEV was confirmed in two livers by the detection of HEV replication in HepaRG cell cultures. Thus, this study demonstrates the low prevalence of HEV in livers of pigs over 12 months, even in farms with high HEV circulation. This observation may open new perspectives on the preferential use of livers from animals older than 12 months in raw pork liver products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pellerin
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Lisandru Capai
- Laboratoire de VirologieUniversité de Corse Pasquale PaoliUR BIOSCOPE 7310CorteFrance,Institute of Virology, University of Charité BerlinAG Junglen10117BerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Ferran Jori
- UMR ASTRE (Animaux, Santé, Territoire, Risques et Ecosystèmes), CIRADINRAEUniversité de MontpellierCampus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de VirologieUniversité de Corse Pasquale PaoliUR BIOSCOPE 7310CorteFrance
| | - Virginie Doceul
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - François Charrier
- UR SELMET‐LRDEINRAECorteFrance,UMR LISIS, Université Gustave EiffelINRAECNRSMarne‐la‐ValléeFrance
| | | | - Nicole Pavio
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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Molecular Detection of Zoonotic and Non-Zoonotic Pathogens from Wild Boars and Their Ticks in the Corsican Wetlands. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121643. [PMID: 34959598 PMCID: PMC8707423 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corsica is the main French island in the Mediterranean Sea and has high levels of human and animal population movement. Among the local animal species, the wild boar is highly prevalent in the Corsican landscape and in the island’s traditions. Wild boars are the most commonly hunted animals on this island, and can be responsible for the transmission and circulation of pathogens and their vectors. In this study, wild boar samples and ticks were collected in 17 municipalities near wetlands on the Corsican coast. A total of 158 hunted wild boars were sampled (523 samples). Of these samples, 113 were ticks: 96.4% were Dermacentor marginatus, and the remainder were Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma scupense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Of the wild boar samples, only three blood samples were found to be positive for Babesia spp. Of the tick samples, 90 were found to be positive for tick-borne pathogens (rickettsial species). These results confirm the importance of the wild boar as a host for ticks carrying diseases such as rickettsiosis near wetlands and recreational sites. Our findings also show that the wild boar is a potential carrier of babesiosis in Corsica, a pathogen detected for the first time in wild boars on the island.
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Zorzetto R, Klein RL, Erpen LMS, Klein BD, Giacobbo I, da Silveira RA, Frandoloso R, Kreutz LC. Unusual high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in South Brazil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6312495. [PMID: 34196363 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is worldwide distributed and might cause acute or chronic hepatitis mainly in immunocompromised individuals. In previous studies we found a high prevalence of antibodies to HEV within blood donors in south Brazil and also within backyard-raised pigs. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-HEV antibody and HEV RNA within the general population from three major municipalities (Caxias do Sul, Passo Fundo and Santa Maria) in south Brazil. A total of 3000 blood samples were randomly obtained from clinical laboratories at each of the three municipality (n = 1000 each) to determine the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA. Overall, anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 574/1000 (57,4%) samples in Caxias do Sul, 655/1000 (65.5%) samples in Passo Fundo and 554/1000 (55.4%) samples in Santa Maria. The prevalence of HEV-positive samples increased steadily and significantly (P < 0,001) with age and was unusually higher within individual over 40 years. Despite of this, none of the pooled serum samples had detectable levels of HEV RNA. The high anti-HEV antibody prevalence suggests that the virus might be present on the environment and/or foodstuff and poses a permanent threat to immune-compromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zorzetto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Luiza Klein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Marina Sheer Erpen
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Diel Klein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Giacobbo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Arrua da Silveira
- Scientia Cursos. Rua Carlos Brenner, 220, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Lourdes, 97050-100, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kreutz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Km 292 - Campus I, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Brazil
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5
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Dashti A, Rivero-Juarez A, Santín M, López-López P, Caballero-Gómez J, Frías-Casas M, Köster PC, Bailo B, Calero-Bernal R, Briz V, Carmena D. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia): Identification of novel genotypes and evidence of transmission between sympatric wild boars (Sus scrofa ferus) and Iberian pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Southern Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2869-2880. [PMID: 32500974 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia is a phylum of obligate emergent intracellular protist-like fungi pathogens that infect a broad range of hosts including vertebrates and invertebrates. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common cause of microsporidiosis in humans, affecting primarily immunosuppressed patients but also reported in immunocompetent individuals. Epidemiological information on the presence and molecular diversity of E. bieneusi in livestock and wildlife in Spain is limited. Therefore, the occurrence of this microsporidia was investigated in sympatric extensively reared Iberian pigs (n = 186) and free ranging wild boars (n = 142) in the province of Córdoba, Southern Spain. Forty-two Iberian pigs (22.6%) and three wild boars (2.1%) were found E. bieneusi positive by PCR. In Iberian pigs, occurrence of E. bieneusi was significantly higher in sows than in fattening pigs (31.6% vs. 11.4%; p = .001). Five genotypes were identified in Iberian pigs, four previously reported (EbpA, PigEb4, O, Pig HN-II) and a novel genotype (named PigSpEb1), while only two genotypes were identified in wild boars, EbpA and novel genotype PigSpEb1. All five genotypes identified belong to Group 1 suggesting zoonotic potential. This study constitutes the first report on the occurrence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in Iberian pigs and wild boars. The identification of two genotypes with zoonotic potential in sympatric Iberian pigs and wild boars suggests that E. bieneusi can be potentially transmitted between those two hosts, but also implies that they may act as natural sources of microsporidia infection to other hosts including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mónica Santín
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro López-López
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mario Frías-Casas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bailo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Briz
- Viral Hepatitis Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100460. [PMID: 31623185 PMCID: PMC6843757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive—54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51–5.37]; p-value < 10−3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45–2.64]; p-value = 10−5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.
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Capai L, Maestrini O, Casabianca F, Villechenaud N, Masse S, Bosseur F, Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Falchi A. Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2462-2473. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandru Capai
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie Université de Corse Corte France
| | - Oscar Maestrini
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l’Elevage (LRDE) Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Corte France
| | - François Casabianca
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l’Elevage (LRDE) Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Corte France
| | | | - Shirley Masse
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie Université de Corse Corte France
| | - Frédéric Bosseur
- Sciences Pour l’Environnement – UMR CNRS 6134 niversité de Corse Corte France
| | - Xavier Lamballerie
- IRD 190, INSERM 1207 IHU Méditerranée Infection, Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ Marseille France
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- IRD 190, INSERM 1207 IHU Méditerranée Infection, Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ Marseille France
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville Florida
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Charrier F, Rossi S, Jori F, Maestrini O, Richomme C, Casabianca F, Ducrot C, Jouve J, Pavio N, Le Potier MF. Aujeszky's Disease and Hepatitis E Viruses Transmission between Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Corsica: Evaluating the Importance of Wild/Domestic Interactions and the Efficacy of Management Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:1. [PMID: 29417054 PMCID: PMC5787731 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife species as reservoirs of infectious pathogens represent a serious constraint in the implementation of disease management strategies. In the Mediterranean island of Corsica, the dynamics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) are suspected to be influenced by interactions between wild and domestic pigs. To improve our understanding of these influences, we first compared the seroprevalences of both viruses in domestic pig populations from different locations with contrasted levels of wild–domestic interactions, ADV vaccination, biosafety, and farm husbandry. Second, we performed an analysis at a more restricted geographical scale, to assess the matching of ADV or HEV prevalence between sympatric wild boar and outdoor pig farms most exposed to interactions with wildlife. Logistic models were adjusted to the observed data. A high seroprevalence of HEV (>80%) and ADV (40%) in pigs, with no significant difference according to the region, confirms that both pathogens are enzootic in Corsica. Vaccination against ADV had a strong protective effect, even when performed voluntarily by farmers. Farm biosafety had an additional effect on pigs’ exposure, suggesting that contact between wild boars and pigs were involved in disease transmission. A strong correlation in HEV seroprevalence was observed between pigs and wild boars that were in close contact, and significantly lower seroprevalence was observed in pigs when they had little contact with wild boars due to spatial segregation. These results suggest a regular HEV circulation between sympatric wild boar and domestic pigs. The high HEV seroprevalence observed in domestic pigs (>80%) suggests a spillover of the virus from domestic to wild populations through environmental contamination, but this hypothesis has to be confirmed. Conversely, even though avoiding sows’ release on pasture during estrus showed some protecting effect in the free ranging pig farms regarding ADV, ADV seroprevalence was not dependent on the swine populations (wild or domestic) or on the wild–domestic spatial overlap, suggesting two quasi-separate enzootic cycles. This information will prove useful for designing more efficient disease management strategies in Corsica and similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Charrier
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'élevage (LRDE), INRA, Corte, France.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire, Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés, INRA, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Gap, France
| | - Ferran Jori
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Environnement), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Oscar Maestrini
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'élevage (LRDE), INRA, Corte, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage, ANSES, Nancy, France
| | - François Casabianca
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'élevage (LRDE), INRA, Corte, France
| | - Christian Ducrot
- UR346 EpiA, Centre de recherche Auvergne Rhône Alpes, INRA, Saint Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Johan Jouve
- UMR Lieux, Identités, Espaces et Activités (LISA), CNRS-Université Pascal Paoli, Corte, France
| | - Nicole Pavio
- UMR 1161 Virology, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES-INRA-ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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9
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Barth SA, Blome S, Cornelis D, Pietschmann J, Laval M, Maestrini O, Geue L, Charrier F, Etter E, Menge C, Beer M, Jori F. FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:746-757. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Jena Germany
| | - S. Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Greifswald - Insel Riems Germany
| | - D. Cornelis
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRA; University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - J. Pietschmann
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Jena Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Greifswald - Insel Riems Germany
| | - M. Laval
- Research Unit for Animal Husbandry Development (LRDE); INRA SAD; Corte Corsica France
| | - O. Maestrini
- Research Unit for Animal Husbandry Development (LRDE); INRA SAD; Corte Corsica France
| | - L. Geue
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Jena Germany
| | - F. Charrier
- Research Unit for Animal Husbandry Development (LRDE); INRA SAD; Corte Corsica France
| | - E. Etter
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRA; University Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Epidemiology Section; Department of Production Animals Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - C. Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Jena Germany
| | - M. Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Greifswald - Insel Riems Germany
| | - F. Jori
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRA; University Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Department of Animal Science and Production; Botswana College of Agriculture; Gaborone Botswana
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Obaidat MM, Roess AA. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E infection in Jordan’s population: First report. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 66:121-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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11
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Jori F, Relun A, Trabucco B, Charrier F, Maestrini O, Chavernac D, Cornelis D, Casabianca F, Etter EMC. Questionnaire-Based Assessment of Wild Boar/Domestic Pig Interactions and Implications for Disease Risk Management in Corsica. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:198. [PMID: 29250528 PMCID: PMC5716975 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boars and domestic pigs belong to the same species (Sus scrofa). When sympatric populations of wild boars, feral pigs, and domestic pigs share the same environment, interactions between domestic and wild suids (IDWS) are suspected to facilitate the spread and maintenance of several pig pathogens which can impact on public health and pig production. However, information on the nature and factors facilitating those IDWS are rarely described in the literature. In order to understand the occurrence, nature, and the factors facilitating IDWS, a total of 85 semi-structured interviews were implemented face to face among 25 strict farmers, 20 strict hunters, and 40 hunting farmers in the main traditional pig-farming regions of Corsica, where IDWS are suspected to be common and widespread. Different forms of IDWS were described: those linked with sexual attraction of wild boars by domestic sows (including sexual interactions and fights between wild and domestic boars) were most frequently reported (by 61 and 44% of the respondents, respectively) in the autumn months and early winter. Foraging around common food or water was equally frequent (reported by 60% of the respondents) but spread all along the year except in winter. Spatially, IDWS were more frequent in higher altitude pastures were pig herds remain unattended during summer and autumn months with limited human presence. Abandonment of carcasses and carcass offal in the forest were equally frequent and efficient form of IDWS reported by 70% of the respondents. Certain traditional practices already implemented by hunters and farmers had the potential to mitigate IDWS in the local context. This study provided quantitative evidence of the nature of different IDWS in the context of extensive commercial outdoor pig farming in Corsica and identified their spatial and temporal trends. The identification of those trends is useful to target suitable times and locations to develop further ecological investigations of IDWS at a finer scale in order to better understand diseases transmission patterns between populations and promote adapted management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Jori
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Relun
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,BIOEPAR, ONIRIS, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Bastien Trabucco
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,INRA, Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Corte, France
| | - François Charrier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Corte, France
| | - Oscar Maestrini
- INRA, Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Corte, France
| | - David Chavernac
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Cornelis
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casabianca
- INRA, Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Corte, France
| | - Eric Marcel Charles Etter
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pavio N, Doceul V, Bagdassarian E, Johne R. Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human. Vet Res 2017; 48:78. [PMID: 29157309 PMCID: PMC5696788 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans that can eventually result in acute liver failures or progress to chronic infections. While in tropical and sub-tropical areas, HEV infections are associated with important waterborne epidemics, in Northern countries, HEV infections are autochthonous with a zoonotic origin. In the past decade, it has become clear that certain HEV genotypes are zoonotic and that swine, and more generally Suidae, are the main reservoir. Zoonotic transmissions of the virus may occur via direct contact with infected pigs, wild boars or consumption of contaminated meat. This review describes the current knowledge on domestic and wild Suidae as reservoirs of HEV and the evidence of the different routes of HEV transmission between these animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pavio
- Animal Health Laboratory, UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, PRES University Paris 12, National Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Doceul
- Animal Health Laboratory, UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, PRES University Paris 12, National Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eugénie Bagdassarian
- Animal Health Laboratory, UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR 1161 Virology, PRES University Paris 12, National Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Jori F, Laval M, Maestrini O, Casabianca F, Charrier F, Pavio N. Assessment of Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars and Feral Hybrid Pigs as Reservoirs of Hepatitis E Virus in Corsica, France. Viruses 2016; 8:v8080236. [PMID: 27556478 PMCID: PMC4997598 DOI: 10.3390/v8080236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Corsica, extensive pig breeding systems allow frequent interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, which are suspected to act as reservoirs of several zoonotic diseases including hepatitis E virus (HEV). In this context, 370 sera and 166 liver samples were collected from phenotypically characterized as pure or hybrid wild boars, between 2009 and 2012. In addition, serum and liver from 208 domestic pigs belonging to 30 farms were collected at the abattoir during the end of 2013. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 26% (21%–31.6%) of the pure wild boar, 43.5% (31%–56.7%) of hybrid wild boar and 88% (82.6%–91.9%) of the domestic pig sera. In addition, HEV RNA was detected in five wild boars, three hybrid wild boars and two domestic pig livers tested. Our findings provide evidence that both domestic pig and wild boar (pure and hybrid) act as reservoirs of HEV in Corsica, representing an important zoonotic risk for Corsican hunters and farmers but also for the large population of consumers of raw pig liver specialties produced in Corsica. In addition, hybrid wild boars seem to play an important ecological role in the dissemination of HEV between domestic pig and wild boar populations, unnoticed to date, that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Jori
- UPR AGIRS (Integrated Animal Risk Management Unit), CIRAD (International Agricultural Research Center for Development), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France.
- Department of Animal Science and Production, BUAN (Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Ressources), Private Bag 0037, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Morgane Laval
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Corte 20250, France.
| | - Oscar Maestrini
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Corte 20250, France.
| | - François Casabianca
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Corte 20250, France.
| | - François Charrier
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Corte 20250, France.
| | - Nicole Pavio
- Animal Health Laboratory, UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France.
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France.
- UMR 1161 Virology, National Veterinary School, PRES University Paris 12, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France.
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