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McMillan IA, Norris MH, Golon SJ, Franckowiak GA, Grinolds JM, Goldstein SM, Phelps DM, Bodenchuk MJ, Leland BR, Bowen RA, Brown VR, Borlee BR. Serosurveillance of Coxiella burnetii in feral swine populations of Hawai'i and Texas identifies overlap with human Q fever incidence. J Clin Microbiol 2024:e0078024. [PMID: 39189735 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00780-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Feral swine are invasive in the United States and a reservoir for infectious diseases. The increase in feral swine population and the geographic range are a concern for the spread of zoonotic diseases to humans and livestock. Feral swine could contribute to the spread of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of human Q fever. In this study, we characterized the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in feral swine populations of Hawai'i and Texas, which have low and high rates of human Q fever, respectively. Seropositivity rates were as high as 0.19% and 6.03% in Hawai'i and Texas, respectively, indicating that feral swine cannot be ruled out as a potential reservoir for disease transmission and spread. In Texas, we identified the overlap between seropositivity of feral swine and human Q fever incidence. These results indicate that there is a potentially low but detectable risk of C. burnetii exposure associated with feral swine populations in Hawai'i and Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A McMillan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michael H Norris
- Pathogen Analysis and Translational Health Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Samuel J Golon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory A Franckowiak
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James M Grinolds
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Samuel M Goldstein
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Darrin M Phelps
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michael J Bodenchuk
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bruce R Leland
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Vienna R Brown
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley R Borlee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Ferrara G, Pagnini U, Improda E, Iovane G, Montagnaro S. Pigs in southern Italy are exposed to three ruminant pathogens: an analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors analysis study. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:183. [PMID: 38720324 PMCID: PMC11077783 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigs are susceptible to several ruminant pathogens, including Coxiella burnetti, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). These pathogens have already been described in the pig population, although the dynamics of the infection and the impact on pig farms are currently unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of these infections in the pig population of the Campania region, southern Italy, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with a greater risk of exposure. RESULTS A total of 414 serum samples belonging to 32 herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against SBV, Coxiella, and BVD using commercial multispecies ELISA kits. SBV (5.3%) was the most prevalent pathogen, followed by Coxiella (4.1%) and BVD (3%). The risk factors included in the study (age, sex, province, farming system, ruminant density and major ruminant species) had no influence on the probability of being exposed to BVD and Coxiella, except for the location, in fact more pigs seropositive to Coxiella were found in the province of Caserta. However, the univariate analysis highlighted the influence of age, location, and sex on exposure to SBV. The subsequent multivariate analysis statistically confirmed the importance of these factors. The presence of neutralizing antibodies for SBV and BVDV, or antibodies directed towards a specific phase of infection for Coxiella was further confirmed with virus-neutralization assays and phase-specific ELISAs in a large proportion of positive samples. The presence of high neutralizing antibody titers (especially for SBV) could indicate recent exposures. Twelve of the 17 positive samples tested positive for antibodies against Coxiella phase I or II antigens, indicating the presence of both acute and chronic infections (one animal tested positive for both phases antibodies). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a non-negligible exposure of pigs from southern Italy to the above pathogens. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the dynamics of these infections in pigs, the impact on productivity, and the public health consequences in the case of Coxiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Elvira Improda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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3
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Ferrara G, Piscopo N, Pagnini U, Esposito L, Montagnaro S. Detection of selected pathogens in reproductive tissues of wild boars in the Campania region, southern Italy. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:9. [PMID: 38443949 PMCID: PMC10916309 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring disease among wildlife is critical to preserving health in both domestic animals and wildlife, and it becomes much more critical when the diseases cause significant economic damage to the livestock industry or threaten public health. Given the continuous increase in populations and its role as a reservoir for several infections, wild boar (Sus scrofa) requires special attention regarding disease surveillance and monitoring. In this study, we investigated the molecular prevalence of selected pathogens in the wild boar population of Campania, southern Italy. The prevalence of pathogens causing reproductive problems in pigs (Sus domesticus), including porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 (PCV-2 and PCV-3), pseudorabies virus (PRV), Coxiella burnetii, and Brucella suis, was evaluated by testing the reproductive organs collected from 63 wild boars with polymerase chain reaction. The most common pathogens were PPV (44.4%) and two porcine circoviruses (14.3%). PRV and C. burnetii, on the other hand, showed a significantly lower prevalence (1.6%). No reproductive organs tested were positive for B. suis. Risk factor analysis revealed a correlation between age and PCV-2 positivity, with animals less than 12 months old having significantly higher prevalence rates.Our findings suggest that wild boars hunted in the Campania region harbour several infections potentially transmissible to other mammals' reproductive tracts. Furthermore, our results emphasized the importance of strict adherence to biosecurity protocols on domestic swine farms, especially on free-range farms, to avoid interactions between domestic and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples ''Federico II'', Via Delpino no. 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Piscopo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples ''Federico II'', Via Delpino no. 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples ''Federico II'', Via Delpino no. 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples ''Federico II'', Via Delpino no. 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples ''Federico II'', Via Delpino no. 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Diseko LJ, Tsotetsi-Khambule AM, Onyiche TE, Ramatla T, Thekisoe O, Gcebe N. Coxiella burnetii infections from animals and ticks in South Africa: a systematic review. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:19-28. [PMID: 37642820 PMCID: PMC10811037 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic intracellular bacterium that is widely distributed and affects domestic animals, wildlife, humans and non-mammalian species. This systematic review was aimed at synthesizing research findings on C. burnetii in both domestic and wild animals of South Africa. The systematic review protocol was registered with Open Society Foundations of systematic reviews ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8WS ). PRISMA guidelines were followed to collect and evaluate relevant scientific articles published on C. burnetii infecting domestic and wild animals in South Africa. Published articles were sourced from five electronic databases, namely, Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect, EBSCO and Scopus. Results showed 11 eligible studies involving four domestic animals, three wild animals and one ectoparasite species from seven provinces across South Africa. The occurrence of C. burnetii infection was high in Ceratotherium simum (white rhinoceros) (53.9%), medium in sheep (29.0%) and low in pigs (0.9%). Limpopo province (26%) had the most recorded infections followed by KwaZulu-Natal (19%) and Free State (3%) had the least reported occurrence of C. burnetii. The current study discovered that there is scarcity of published research on prevalence and distribution of C. burnetii infecting domestic and wild animals in South Africa, and this is of concern as this bacterium is an important zoonotic pathogen of "One Health" importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letlhogonolo J Diseko
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ana M Tsotetsi-Khambule
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709, South Africa
| | - ThankGod E Onyiche
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Agricultural Research Council-Bacteriology and Zoonotic Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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5
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Kim KT, Seo MG. Molecular analysis of Rickettsia spp. and related tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs in Korea. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106934. [PMID: 37142151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are widespread in nature and serve as primary vectors for several tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). Ticks and TBPs cause considerable harm to humans and animals and have emerged as a major global public health concern. Domestic dogs are the major reservoirs of zoonotic agents owing to their constant interaction with humans. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of canine TBPs, such as Rickettsiales, Coxiella burnetii, hepatozoa, and Borrelia spp., using molecular analyses. A total of 906 dogs were examined and 4 TBPs were identified: Anaplasma phagocytophilum (5; 0.6%), Hepatozoon canis (9; 1.0%), Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii (2; 0.2%), and Rickettsia tamurae (1; 0.1%). Ehrlichia spp., C. burnetii, and Borrelia spp. were not detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Candidatus R. longicornii and R. tamurae in dogs. These findings can help determine the potential public health risks by enhancing our understanding of the geographical and vector distributions of TBPs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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6
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Celina SS, Cerný J. Coxiella burnetii in ticks, livestock, pets and wildlife: A mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1068129. [PMID: 36439350 PMCID: PMC9691889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1068129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterium with an obligatory intracellular lifestyle and has a worldwide distribution. Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Since its discovery in 1935, it has been shown to infect a wide range of animal species including mammals, birds, reptiles, and arthropods. Coxiella burnetii infection is of public and veterinary health and economic concern due to its potential for rapid spread and highly infectious nature. Livestock are the primary source of C. burnetii infection in most Q fever outbreaks which occurs mainly through inhalation of contaminated particles. Aside from livestock, many cases of Q fever linked to exposure to wildlife. Changes in the dynamics of human-wildlife interactions may lead to an increased potential risk of interspecies transmission and contribute to the emergence/re-emergence of Q fever. Although C. burnetii transmission is mainly airborne, ticks may act as vectors and play an important role in the natural cycle of transmission of coxiellosis among wild vertebrates and livestock. In this review, we aim to compile available information on vectors, domestic, and wild hosts of C. burnetii, and to highlight their potential role as bacterial reservoirs in the transmission of C. burnetii.
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7
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Orr B, Malik R, Westman ME, Norris JM. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in pig-hunting dogs from north Queensland, Australia. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:230-235. [PMID: 35156193 PMCID: PMC9306716 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, is endemic to Queensland and is one of the most important notifiable zoonotic diseases in Australia. The reservoir species for C. burnetii are classically ruminants, including sheep, cattle and goats. There is increasing evidence of C. burnetii exposure in dogs across eastern and central Australia. The present study aimed to determine if pig-hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland had similar rates of C. burnetii exposure to previous serosurveys of companion dogs in rural north-west New South Wales. A total of 104 pig-hunting dogs had serum IgG antibody titres to phase I and phase 2 C. burnetii determined using an indirect immunofluorescence assay test. Almost one in five dogs (18.3%; 19/104; 95% confidence interval 9.6%-35.5%) were seropositive to C. burnetii, with neutered dogs more likely to test positive compared to entire dogs (P = 0.0497). Seropositivity of the sampled pig-hunting dogs was one of the highest recorded in Australia. Thirty-nine owners of the pig-hunting dogs completed a survey, revealing 12.8% (5/39) had been vaccinated against Q fever and 90% (35/39) were aware that both feral pigs and dogs could potentially be sources of C. burnetii. Our findings indicate that pig hunters should be aware of the risk of exposure to Q fever during hunts and the sentinel role their dogs may play in C. burnetii exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orr
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M E Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Isolation of Coxiella burnetii in patients with nonspecific febrile illness in South Korea. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:421. [PMID: 32552663 PMCID: PMC7301556 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of human Q fever cases in South Korea has been rapidly increasing since 2015. We report the first isolation of Coxiella burnetii in Korea in two patients who initially presented with non-specific febrile illness and were finally diagnosed with acute Q fever in South Korea. Case presentation Two adult patients with fever had serologic tests against C. burnetii initially negative, and polymerase chain reaction against 16S rRNA using whole blood was also negative. After bacterial amplification of C. burnetii in immune-depressed mice, we isolated C. burnetii from patients with acute Q fever. The isolates KZQ2 and KZQ3 were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, nucleotide sequence analysis, and morphologic observation using a transmission electron microscope. Conclusions These results can help us understand the clinical and epidemiologic features of Q fever in South Korea.
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9
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Gong XQ, Xiao X, Liu JW, Han HJ, Qin XR, Lei SC, Yu XJ. Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Hedgehogs in China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:580-585. [PMID: 32301684 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of query fever (Q fever), and distributes broadly in environment. Livestock are identified as main reservoirs, which may infect people through their contaminative urine, feces, milk, and birth products. Wild animals can also be the potential carriers and transmitters of C. burnetii. To understand the geographic distribution and host species of C. burnetii in China, we investigated the prevalence of C. burnetii in hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis) in Hubei Province. Hedgehogs were tested for C. burnetii with PCR targeting three genes (com1, rrs, and icd) followed by multispacer sequence typing (MST). We found that 12.2% (5/41) hedgehogs were PCR positive for C. burnetii. MST revealed presence of two novel genotypes and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains were similar to a group of isolates from chronic Q fever patients and mammals. This study showed that C. burnetii are highly prevalent in hedgehogs in Hubei Province in central China, suggesting that hedgehogs may play an important role in the ecology and transmission of C. burnetii to humans because it is captured and used as traditional medicine in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Lab Animal Research Center, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Cong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Seo MG, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of canine tick-borne pathogens from Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101357. [PMID: 31839473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ticks transmit more pathogens than any other arthropod vector and are of paramount veterinary and zoonotic significance. Domestic dogs are an important reservoir of zoonotic agents, particularly because of their close contact with humans. Previous studies in Korea have examined canine tick-borne pathogens (CTBP) by ELISA and real-time PCR methods. However, phylogenetic information on CTBP in Korea is lacking. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and co-infectivity of CTBP such as piroplasms, rickettsiae, Coxiella burnetii, hepatozoa, hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Borrelia spp., using PCR and phylogenetic analyses. Of the 510 dogs tested, three CTBP, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum 16S rRNA (13; 2.6 %), Hepatozoon canis 18S rRNA (2; 0.4 %), and Mycoplasma haemocanis 16S rRNA (1; 0.2 %) were detected. PCR adapted to amplify A. phagocytophilum msp2 and groEL genes generated amplicons thereof in two out of 13 positive dogs. One shelter dog was co-infected with A. phagocytophilum and M. haemocanis. However, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, Borrelia spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. pathogens were not detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to undertake a phylogenetic analysis of H. canis and M. haemocanis in dogs reared in Korea. Although previous studies have improved our understanding of evolutionary behaviors and host-pathogen relations of CTBP, additional investigations are required to pin down vectors and reservoirs of CTBP in Korea. A surveillance system for arthropod vectors and CTBP in dogs should be established to monitor pathogen distribution and mitigate pathogen spread proactively, such as with ectoparasite medications in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Seo MG, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Molecular Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Cattle on Ulleung Island, Korea: A Population-based Study with Four Years of Follow Up. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:69-73. [PMID: 30840803 PMCID: PMC6409217 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a population-based study with 4 years of follow up, we evaluated the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle on Ulleung Island, Korea. In this study, the rates of C. burnetii infection in cattle on Ulleung Island were determined by PCR and were found to be 0.3-1.0% in the period 2011-2014. All 17 C. burnetii partial 16S rRNA gene sequences from PCR-positive cattle were identical and 2 geographic representatives were included in our analysis. The nucleotide sequences of the 2 samples showed high (98.4-100%) identity with C. burnetii sequences obtained from the GenBank. In this long-term tracking study, the number of cattle positive for C. burnetii on Ulleung Island was low. To prevent the transmission of C. burnetii on Ulleung Island, control strategy should include biosecurity improvement in surveillance, livestock management, administering suitable tests before purchasing animals to detect C. burnetii shedders, and restricting movements between herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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12
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Lee M, Seo MG, Lee SH, Ouh IO, Kim YH, Kim JK, Goo YK, Rhee MH, Kim TH, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in wild Korean water deer and farmed elk in Gyeongbuk and Gangwon Provinces of Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1473-1478. [PMID: 30101828 PMCID: PMC6160884 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess tick-borne pathogenic infections in 42 wild Korean water deer (KWD) and 26 farmed elk in the Gyeongbuk and Gangwon Provinces of Korea. Among the 42
wild KWD tested, the eighteen (42.9%) and five (11.9%) samples tested positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. bovis, respectively, by PCR and DNA
sequencing. All positive samples were only from wild KWD. All samples were negative for other tick-borne pathogens tested. Detected 16S rRNA sequences of A. phagocytophilum
and A. bovis showed 98.6–99.8% and 94.4–100% identity to those of sequences in GenBank, respectively. Because few studies have examined tick-borne pathogens in wild animals,
appropriate control programs and studies are needed to prevent pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea
| | - Young-Hoan Kim
- Gyeongbuk Veterinary Service Laboratory, 43 Guriro, Bukgu, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Joong-Kew Kim
- Gyeongbuk Veterinary Service Laboratory, 43 Guriro, Bukgu, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Man-Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Koo B, Jin CE, Park SY, Lee TY, Nam J, Jang YR, Kim SM, Kim JY, Kim SH, Shin Y. A rapid bio-optical sensor for diagnosing Q fever in clinical specimens. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700167. [PMID: 29024445 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent zoonotic outbreaks, such as Zika, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Ebola, have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic assays that can be used to aid pathogen control. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the transmission of Coxiella burnetii that can cause serious illness in humans through aerosols and is considered a potential bioterrorism agent. However, the existing assays are not suitable for the detection of this pathogen due to its low levels in real samples. We here describe a rapid bio-optical sensor for the accurate detection of Q fever and validate its clinical utility. By combining a bio-optical sensor, that transduces the presence of the target DNA based on binding-induced changes in the refractive index on the waveguide surface in a label-free and real-time manner, with isothermal DNA amplification, this new diagnostic tool offers a rapid (<20 min), 1-step DNA amplification/detection method. We confirmed the clinical sensitivity (>90%) of the bio-optical sensor by detecting C. burnetii in 11 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsy samples from acute Q fever hepatitis patients and in 16 blood plasma samples from patients in which Q fever is the cause of fever of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and the Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Eun Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and the Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine 59 Daesangwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Lee
- Department of Technology Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rock Jang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and the Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Herd prevalence and genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle bulk tank milk in Gyeongsang provinces of South Korea. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1399-1404. [PMID: 29549583 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of the zoonotic Q fever, and its reservoirs include ticks and livestock, which are key sources of transmission to humans. Although there have been several studies on the prevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in dairy cattle bulk tank milk (BTM), there is a lack of information on the molecular detection of C. burnetii in BTM in South Korea. Thus, this study was designed to assess milk shedding of C. burnetii in BTM from dairy cattle herds. Among the 607 BTM samples collected from 41 counties in Gyeongsang provinces in 2015, 108 (17.8%) from 23 (56.1%) counties tested positive for C. burnetii by PCR. Because the 16S rRNA sequences of C. burnetii from all 108 PCR-positive samples were identical, two representative samples (BTM-GB-10 and BTM-GN-63) are described in this paper. These sequences showed high identity (96.9-100%) to other C. burnetii sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these two sequences were clustered with existing C. burnetii strains. The relatively high prevalence rates of C. burnetii in BTM detected in this study suggest that C. burnetii is prevalent among dairy cattle herds in South Korea. Thus, implementation of continuous monitoring and control strategies for domestic animals is needed to prevent disease transmission and protect public health.
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15
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Freick M, Konrath A, Enbergs H, Walraph J, Weber J, Eulenberger K. Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA and anti-Coxiella burnetii IgG antibodies in precolostral blood samples of stillborn calves in an endemically infected Holstein dairy herd. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:253-260. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Seo MG, Ouh IO, Lee SH, Kim JW, Rhee MH, Kwon OD, Kim TH, Kwak D. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle at South Korean national breeding stock farms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177478. [PMID: 28493973 PMCID: PMC5426765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to evaluate the serologic and molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle at national breeding stock farms in South Korea. These government farms have well-organized biosecurity and management systems to prevent livestock diseases. Of the 736 cattle in this study, 77 tested positive for antibodies against C. burnetii antigens (10.5%, 95% CI: 8.3–12.7) and 11 were positive for a C. burnetti infection on PCR analysis (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.6–2.4). Since the 16S rRNA sequences of C. burnetii from all 11 PCR-positive samples were identical, three representative samples (C-CN-3 from the southern region, C-JJ-9 from Jeju Island, and C-CB-37 from the central region) are described in this paper. These three sequences had 99.3–100% identity to those of C. burnetii deposited in GenBank. These sequences clustered with those from USA, Japan, and Greenland, underscoring the sequence similarity among C. burnetii isolates in these countries. Because C. burnetii was detected in cattle at well-managed national breeding stock farms, cattle at non-government operated farms may be more likely to be exposed to C. burnetii in South Korea. Thus, continuous surveillance and control strategies in animals and humans are required to prevent the transmission of C. burnetii to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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