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Ferrara G, Pagnini U, Improda E, Iovane G, Montagnaro S. Pigs in southern Italy are exposed to three ruminant pathogens: an analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors analysis study. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:183. [PMID: 38720324 PMCID: PMC11077783 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigs are susceptible to several ruminant pathogens, including Coxiella burnetti, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). These pathogens have already been described in the pig population, although the dynamics of the infection and the impact on pig farms are currently unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of these infections in the pig population of the Campania region, southern Italy, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with a greater risk of exposure. RESULTS A total of 414 serum samples belonging to 32 herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against SBV, Coxiella, and BVD using commercial multispecies ELISA kits. SBV (5.3%) was the most prevalent pathogen, followed by Coxiella (4.1%) and BVD (3%). The risk factors included in the study (age, sex, province, farming system, ruminant density and major ruminant species) had no influence on the probability of being exposed to BVD and Coxiella, except for the location, in fact more pigs seropositive to Coxiella were found in the province of Caserta. However, the univariate analysis highlighted the influence of age, location, and sex on exposure to SBV. The subsequent multivariate analysis statistically confirmed the importance of these factors. The presence of neutralizing antibodies for SBV and BVDV, or antibodies directed towards a specific phase of infection for Coxiella was further confirmed with virus-neutralization assays and phase-specific ELISAs in a large proportion of positive samples. The presence of high neutralizing antibody titers (especially for SBV) could indicate recent exposures. Twelve of the 17 positive samples tested positive for antibodies against Coxiella phase I or II antigens, indicating the presence of both acute and chronic infections (one animal tested positive for both phases antibodies). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a non-negligible exposure of pigs from southern Italy to the above pathogens. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the dynamics of these infections in pigs, the impact on productivity, and the public health consequences in the case of Coxiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Elvira Improda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Liu S, Wang X, Wang F, Zaman W, Yang C, Huang D, Ma H, Wang J, Liu Q, Yuan Z, Xia H. Evaluating the mosquito vector range for two orthobunyaviruses: Oya virus and Ebinur Lake virus. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:204. [PMID: 38715075 PMCID: PMC11077878 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne viruses cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Oya virus (OYAV) and Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV), belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus within the family Peribunyaviridae, are recognized as neglected viruses with the potential to pose threats to animal or public health. The evaluation of vector competence is essential for predicting the arbovirus transmission risk. METHODS To investigate the range of mosquito vectors for OYAV (strain SZC50) and EBIV (strain Cu20-XJ), the susceptibility of four mosquito species (Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti) was measured through artificial oral infection. Then, mosquito species with a high infection rate (IR) were chosen to further evaluate the dissemination rate (DR), transmission rate (TR), and transmission efficiency. The viral RNA in each mosquito sample was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The results revealed that for OYAV, Cx. pipiens pallens had the highest IR (up to 40.0%) among the four species, but the DR and TR were 4.8% and 0.0%, respectively. For EBIV, Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. quinquefasciatus had higher IR compared to Ae. albopictus (1.7%). However, the EBIV RNA and infectious virus were detected in Cx. pipiens pallens, with a TR of up to 15.4% and a transmission efficiency of 3.3%. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that Cx. pipiens pallens was susceptible to OYAV but had an extremely low risk of transmitting the virus. Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. quinquefasciatus were susceptible to EBIV, and Cx. pipiens pallens had a higher transmission risk to EBIV than Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wahid Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Sharma R, Misencik MJ, Bransfield A, Vossbrinck CR, Brackney DE. Field Isolation and Laboratory Vector-Host Studies of Brazoran Virus (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) from Florida. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:968-970. [PMID: 38531101 PMCID: PMC11066360 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazoran virus was first isolated from Culex mosquitoes in Texas in 2012, yet little is known about this virus. We report the isolation of this virus from Culex erraticus from southern Florida during 2016. The Florida strain had a nucleotide identity of 96.3% (S segment), 99.1% (M segment), and 95.8% (L segment) to the Texas isolate. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti colonies were subsequently fed virus blood meals to determine their vector competence for Brazoran virus. Culex quinquefasciatus was susceptible to midgut infection, but few mosquitoes developed disseminated infections. Aedes aegypti supported disseminated infection, but virus transmission could not be demonstrated. Suckling mice became infected by intradermal inoculation without visible disease signs. The virus was detected in multiple mouse tissues but rarely infected the brain. This study documents the first isolation of Brazoran virus outside of Texas. Although this virus infected Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus in laboratory trials, their vector competence could not be demonstrated, suggesting they are unlikely vectors of Brazoran virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Armstrong
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John F. Anderson
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J. Misencik
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela Bransfield
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles R. Vossbrinck
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
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Elbadry MA, Durães-Carvalho R, Blohm GM, Stephenson CJ, Loeb JC, White SK, Telisma T, Chavannes S, Beau De Rochars VM, Salemi M, Morris JG, Lednicky JA. Orthobunyaviruses in the Caribbean: Melao and Oropouche virus infections in school children in Haiti in 2014. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009494. [PMID: 34133422 PMCID: PMC8238191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification of two orthobunyaviruses, Melao virus (MELV) and Oropouche virus (OROV), in plasma specimens from Haitian children with acute febrile illness who presented during outbreaks caused by alpha- and flaviviruses in 2014. Heretofore not described as a human pathogen, MELV was isolated in cell culture from the plasma of five case patients. OROV RNA was detected in the plasma of an additional child, using an unbiased sequencing approach, with phylogenetic inference suggesting a close relationship with strains from Brazil. Abdominal pain was reported by four case patients with MELV infections, with lymphadenopathy noted in two cases. Our findings document the occurrence of these orthobunyaviruses within the Caribbean region and highlight the critical importance of surveillance with viral genome sequence analyses to identify outbreaks caused by these and other emerging viruses. Melao and Oropuche virus infections were detected in Haitian children who developed acute febrile illnesses in year 2014. As these viruses were not previously known to circulate in Haiti, our findings highlight the critical importance of surveillance to identify outbreaks caused by these and other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Elbadry
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Gabriela M. Blohm
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Caroline J. Stephenson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. White
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Valery M. Beau De Rochars
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Health Service Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marco Salemi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, Fernandez R, Klein TA. Vector Competence of Peruvian Mosquitoes for Two Orthobunyaviruses Isolated From Mosquitoes Captured in Peru. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1384-1388. [PMID: 33210706 PMCID: PMC8122230 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential for mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin, near Iquitos, Peru, to become infected with and transmit Murutucu (MURV) and Itaqui viruses (ITQV) (Order Bunyavirales, Family: Peribunyaviridae, Genus: Orthobunyavirus). Viremia levels in Syrian hamsters peaked 2 d after infection with either virus, and both viruses were highly lethal in hamsters with virtually all hamsters dying prior to 3-d postinfection. For almost all of the mosquito species tested some individuals were susceptible to infection and some developed a disseminated infection after oral exposure to either MURV or ITQV. However, only the Culex species (Culex (Culex) coronator Dyar and Knab [Diptera, Culicidae], Culex (Melanoconian) gnomatos Sallum, Huchings, and Ferreira [Diptera, Culicidae], Culex (Mel.) pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin [Diptera, Culicidae], and Culex (Mel.) vomerifer Komp [Diptera, Culicidae]) successfully transmitted virus by bite. However, even among these species, only about 37% of the individuals with a disseminated infection successfully transmitted these viruses, indicating a significant salivary gland barrier. Although little is known about the medical or veterinary importance of many members of the genus Orthobunyavirus, we have demonstrated that Culex spp. (Diptera, Culicidae) could be potential vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Turell
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - D J Dohm
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - R Fernandez
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Unit 3800, APO AA 34031, Peru
| | - T A Klein
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD
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6
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Abstract
The Orthobunyavirus genus comprises a wide range of arthropod-borne viruses which are prevalent worldwide and commonly associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans and other vertebrates. Several orthobunyaviruses have recently emerged and increasingly more will likely do so in the future. Despite this large number, an overview of these viruses is currently lacking, making it challenging to determine importance from a One Health perspective. Causality is a key feature of determining importance, yet classical tools are unfit to evaluate the causality of orthobunyaviral CNS disease. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of orthobunyaviral CNS disease in vertebrates and objectify the causality strength of each virus. In total, we identified 27 orthobunyaviruses described in literature to be associated with CNS disease. Ten were associated with disease in multiple host species of which seven included humans. Seven viruses were associated with both congenital and postnatal CNS disease. CNS disease-associated orthobunyaviruses were spread across all known Orthobunyavirus serogroups by phylogenetic analyses. Taken together, these results indicate that orthobunyaviruses may have a common tendency to infect the CNS of vertebrates. Next, we developed six tailor-made causality indicators and evaluated the causality strength of each of the identified orthobunyaviruses. Nine viruses had a 'strong' causality score and were deemed causal. Eight had a 'moderate' and ten a 'weak' causality score. Notably, there was a lack of case-control studies, which was only available for one virus. We, therefore, stress the importance of proper case-control studies as a fundamental aspect of proving causality. This comprehensible overview can be used to identify orthobunyaviruses which may be considered causal, reveal research gaps for viruses with moderate to low causality scores, and provide a framework to evaluate the causality of orthobunyaviruses that may newly emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wouter Dante Edridge
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Global Child Health Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Wise EL, Márquez S, Mellors J, Paz V, Atkinson B, Gutierrez B, Zapata S, Coloma J, Pybus OG, Jackson SK, Trueba G, Fejer G, Logue CH, Pullan ST. Oropouche virus cases identified in Ecuador using an optimised qRT-PCR informed by metagenomic sequencing. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007897. [PMID: 31961856 PMCID: PMC6994106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is responsible for outbreaks of Oropouche fever in parts of South America. We recently identified and isolated OROV from a febrile Ecuadorian patient, however, a previously published qRT-PCR assay did not detect OROV in the patient sample. A primer mismatch to the Ecuadorian OROV lineage was identified from metagenomic sequencing data. We report the optimisation of an qRT-PCR assay for the Ecuadorian OROV lineage, which subsequently identified a further five cases in a cohort of 196 febrile patients. We isolated OROV via cell culture and developed an algorithmically-designed primer set for whole-genome amplification of the virus. Metagenomic sequencing of the patient samples provided OROV genome coverage ranging from 68–99%. The additional cases formed a single phylogenetic cluster together with the initial case. OROV should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Ecuadorian patients with febrile illness to avoid mis-diagnosis with other circulating pathogens. Oropouche virus (OROV) causes outbreaks of febrile illness in areas of South and Central America and we recently identified it in Ecuador for the first time, using metagenomic sequencing. The genome sequence data revealed that the Ecuadorian strain of the virus was not detected using a published qRT-PCR, as it differed genetically at the binding site of the reverse primer. To address this, we developed a modified qRT-PCR that showed increased sensitivity for the Ecuadorian strain. This test detected OROV infection in 6 out of 196 febrile patients from Esmeraldas, Ecuador in 2016. OROV was isolated from positive patient samples, viral genome sequences were compared to publicly available OROV sequences. This revealed that the Ecuadorian cases are genetically distinct, suggesting that local transmission of the virus should not be ruled out. This work highlights the need for a better understanding of OROV dynamics in Ecuador and surrounding areas, the importance of considering OROV as a cause of fever in Ecuadorian patients and the possibility of selectively using metagenomic sequencing in parallel to traditional molecular techniques in patient testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Wise
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sully Márquez
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jack Mellors
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Verónica Paz
- Hospital Delfina Torres de Concha, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Barry Atkinson
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Josefina Coloma
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon K. Jackson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gyorgy Fejer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H. Logue
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven T. Pullan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Rojas A, Stittleburg V, Cardozo F, Bopp N, Cantero C, López S, Bernal C, Mendoza L, Aguilar P, Pinsky BA, Guillén Y, Páez M, Waggoner JJ. Real-time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of Oropouche virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 96:114894. [PMID: 31727377 PMCID: PMC6906250 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) causes an acute, systemic febrile illness, and in certain regions of South America, this represents the second most common human arboviral infection after dengue virus. A new real-time RT-PCR was developed for OROV and reassortant species. The new OROV rRT-PCR proved linear across 6-7 orders of magnitude with a lower limit of 95% detection of 5.6-10.8 copies/μL. Upon testing dilutions of OROV and Iquitos virus reference genomic RNA, all dilutions with >10 copies/μL were detected in both the OROV rRT-PCR and a comparator molecular assay, but the OROV rRT-PCR detected more samples with ≤10 copies/μL (8/14 vs 0/13, respectively, P = 0.002). In a set of 100 acute-phase clinical samples from Paraguay patients with a suspected arboviral illness, no patients tested positive for OROV RNA using either assay. The OROV rRT-PCR provides a sensitive molecular assay for the study of this important yet neglected tropical arboviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fátima Cardozo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Nathen Bopp
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - César Cantero
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Sanny López
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Cynthia Bernal
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvalena Guillén
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Malvina Páez
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Palya V, Kovács EW, Marton S, Tatár-Kis T, Felföldi B, Forró B, Domán M, Bányai K. Novel Orthobunyavirus Causing Severe Kidney Disease in Broiler Chickens, Malaysia, 2014-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1110-1117. [PMID: 31107212 PMCID: PMC6537736 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.181661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During 2014–2017, we isolated a novel orthobunyavirus from broiler chickens with severe kidney lesions in the state of Kedah, Malaysia; we named the virus Kedah fatal kidney syndrome virus (KFKSV). Affected chickens became listless and diarrheic before dying suddenly. Necropsies detected pale and swollen kidneys with signs of gout, enlarged and fragile livers, and pale hearts. Experimental infection of broiler chickens with KFKSV reproduced the disease and pathologic conditions observed in the field, fulfilling the Koch’s postulates. Gene sequencing indicated high nucleotide identities between KFKSV isolates (99%) and moderate nucleotide identities with the orthobunyavirus Umbre virus in the large (78%), medium (77%), and small (86%) genomic segments. KFKSV may be pathogenic for other host species, including humans.
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Kopp A, Hübner A, Zirkel F, Hobelsberger D, Estrada A, Jordan I, Gillespie TR, Drosten C, Junglen S. Detection of Two Highly Diverse Peribunyaviruses in Mosquitoes from Palenque, Mexico. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090832. [PMID: 31500304 PMCID: PMC6783978 DOI: 10.3390/v11090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Peribunyaviridae family contains the genera Orthobunyavirus, Herbevirus, Pacuvirus, and Shangavirus. Orthobunyaviruses and pacuviruses are mainly transmitted by blood-feeding insects and infect a variety of vertebrates whereas herbeviruses and shangaviruses have a host range restricted to insects. Here, we tested mosquitoes from a tropical rainforest in Mexico for infections with peribunyaviruses. We identified and characterized two previously unknown viruses, designated Baakal virus (BKAV) and Lakamha virus (LAKV). Sequencing and de novo assembly of the entire BKAV and LAKV genomes revealed that BKAV is an orthobunyavirus and LAKV is likely to belong to a new genus. LAKV was almost equidistant to the established peribunyavirus genera and branched as a deep rooting solitary lineage basal to herbeviruses. Virus isolation attempts of LAKV failed. BKAV is most closely related to the bird-associated orthobunyaviruses Koongol virus and Gamboa virus. BKAV was successfully isolated in mosquito cells but did not replicate in common mammalian cells from various species and organs. Also cells derived from chicken were not susceptible. Interestingly, BKAV can infect cells derived from a duck species that is endemic in the region where the BKAV-positive mosquito was collected. These results suggest a narrow host specificity and maintenance in a mosquito–bird transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kopp
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Hübner
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Zirkel
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, Germany.
| | | | - Alejandro Estrada
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04513, Mexico.
| | | | - Thomas R Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Christian Drosten
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Jo WK, Pfankuche VM, Lehmbecker A, Martina B, Rubio-Garcia A, Becker S, Kruppa J, Jung K, Klotz D, Metzger J, Ludlow M, Baumgärtner W, van der Vries E, Osterhaus A. Association of Batai Virus Infection and Encephalitis in Harbor Seals, Germany, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1691-1695. [PMID: 30124416 PMCID: PMC6106443 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.171829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated Batai virus from the brain of a euthanized, 26-year-old, captive harbor seal with meningoencephalomyelitis in Germany. We provide evidence that this orthobunyavirus can naturally infect the central nervous system of a mammal. The full-genome sequence showed differences from a previously reported virus isolate from a mosquito in Germany.
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12
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Wise EL, Pullan ST, Márquez S, Paz V, Mosquera JD, Zapata S, Jackson SK, Fejer G, Trueba G, Logue CH. Isolation of Oropouche Virus from Febrile Patient, Ecuador. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:935-937. [PMID: 29664378 PMCID: PMC5938787 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report identification of an Oropouche virus strain in a febrile patient from Ecuador by using metagenomic sequencing and real-time reverse transcription PCR. Virus was isolated from patient serum by using Vero cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole-genome sequence showed the virus to be similar to a strain from Peru.
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13
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Beranek MD, Gallardo R, Almirón WR, Contigiani MS. First detection of Mansonia titillans (Diptera: Culicidae) infected with St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) and Bunyamwera serogroup (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) in Argentina. J Vector Ecol 2018; 43:340-343. [PMID: 30408293 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Beranek
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicinal Regional, CONICET, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R Gallardo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - W R Almirón
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M S Contigiani
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Whitmer SLM, Yadav PD, Sarkale P, Chaubal GY, Francis A, Klena J, Nichol ST, Ströher U, Mourya DT. Characterization of Unknown Orthobunya-Like Viruses from India. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090451. [PMID: 30149496 PMCID: PMC6165560 DOI: 10.3390/v10090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of agents causing idiopathic human diseases has been crucial in the identification of novel viruses. This study describes the isolation and characterization of two novel orthobunyaviruses obtained from a jungle myna and a paddy bird from Karnataka State, India. Using an NGS approach, these isolates were classified as Cat Que and Balagodu viruses belonging to the Manzanilla clade of the Simbu serogroup. Closely related viruses in the Manzanilla clade have been isolated from mosquitos, humans, birds, and pigs across a wide geographic region. Since Orthobunyaviruses exhibit high reassortment frequency and can cause acute, self-limiting febrile illness, these data suggest that human and livestock infections of the Oya/Cat Que/Manzanilla virus may be more widespread and/or under-reported than anticipated. It therefore becomes imperative to identify novel and unknown viruses in order to understand their role in human and animal pathogenesis. The current study is a step forward in this regard and would act as a prototype method for isolation, identification and detection of several other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L M Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Francis
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - John Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Ute Ströher
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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15
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Cross ST, Kapuscinski ML, Perino J, Maertens BL, Weger-Lucarelli J, Ebel GD, Stenglein MD. Co-Infection Patterns in Individual Ixodes scapularis Ticks Reveal Associations between Viral, Eukaryotic and Bacterial Microorganisms. Viruses 2018; 10:E388. [PMID: 30037148 PMCID: PMC6071216 DOI: 10.3390/v10070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor a variety of microorganisms, including eukaryotes, bacteria and viruses. Some of these can be transmitted to and cause disease in humans and other vertebrates. Others are not pathogenic, but may impact the ability of the tick to harbor and transmit pathogens. A growing number of studies have examined the influence of bacteria on tick vector competence but the influence of the tick virome remains less clear, despite a surge in the discovery of tick-associated viruses. In this study, we performed shotgun RNA sequencing on 112 individual adult I. scapularis collected in Wisconsin, USA. We characterized the abundance, prevalence and co-infection rates of viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. We identified pairs of tick-infecting microorganisms whose observed co-infection rates were higher or lower than would be expected, or whose RNA levels were positively correlated in co-infected ticks. Many of these co-occurrence and correlation relationships involved two bunyaviruses, South Bay virus and blacklegged tick phlebovirus-1. These viruses were also the most prevalent microorganisms in the ticks we sampled, and had the highest average RNA levels. Evidence of associations between microbes included a positive correlation between RNA levels of South Bay virus and Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent. These findings contribute to the rationale for experimental studies on the impact of viruses on tick biology and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun T Cross
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Marylee L Kapuscinski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn Perino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Bernadette L Maertens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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16
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Schmallenberg virus expands its geographical range in Northern Ireland. Vet Rec 2018; 183:88-91. [PMID: 30026355 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
In late 2011, unspecific clinical symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and decreased milk production were observed in dairy cattle in the Dutch/German border region. After exclusion of classical endemic and emerging viruses by targeted diagnostic systems, blood samples from acutely diseased cows were subjected to metagenomics analysis. An insect-transmitted orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was identified as the causative agent and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). It was one of the first detections of the introduction of a novel virus of veterinary importance to Europe using the new technology of next-generation sequencing. The virus was subsequently isolated from identical samples as used for metagenomics analysis in insect and mammalian cell lines and disease symptoms were reproduced in calves experimentally infected with both, this culture-grown virus and blood samples of diseased cattle. Since its emergence, SBV spread very rapidly throughout the European ruminant population causing mild unspecific disease in adult animals, but also premature birth or stillbirth and severe fetal malformation when naive dams were infected during a critical phase of gestation. In the following years, SBV recirculated regularly to a larger extend; in the 2014 and 2016 vector seasons the virus was again repeatedly detected in the blood of adult ruminants, and in the following winter and spring months, a number of malformed calves and lambs was born. The genome of viruses present in viremic adult animals showed a very high sequence stability; in sequences generated between 2012 and 2016, only a few amino acid substitutions in comparison to the initial SBV isolate could be detected. In contrast, a high sequence variability was identified in the aminoterminal part of the glycoprotein Gc-encoding region of viruses present in the brain of malformed newborns. This mutation hotspot is independent of the region or host species from which the samples originated and is potentially involved in immune evasion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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18
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Nunes MRT, de Souza WM, Acrani GO, Cardoso JF, da Silva SP, Badra SJ, Figueiredo LTM, Vasconcelos PFDC. Revalidation and genetic characterization of new members of Group C (Orthobunyavirus genus, Peribunyaviridae family) isolated in the Americas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197294. [PMID: 29795585 PMCID: PMC5967719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group C serogroup includes members of the Orthobunyavirus genus (family Peribunyaviridae) and comprises 15 arboviruses that can be associated with febrile illness in humans. Although previous studies described the genome characterization of Group C orthobunyavirus, there is a gap in genomic information about the other viruses in this group. Therefore, in this study, complete genomes of members of Group C serogroup were sequenced or re-sequenced and used for genetic characterization, as well as to understand their phylogenetic and evolutionary aspects. Thus, our study reported the genomes of three new members in Group C virus (Apeu strain BeAn848, Itaqui strain BeAn12797 and Nepuyo strain BeAn10709), as well as re-sequencing of original strains of five members: Caraparu (strain BeAn3994), Madrid (strain BT4075), Murucutu (strain BeAn974), Oriboca (strain BeAn17), and Marituba (strain BeAn15). These viruses presented a typical genomic organization related to members of the Orthobunyavirus genus. Interestingly, all viruses of this serogroup showed an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes the putative nonstructural NSs protein that precedes the nucleoprotein ORF, an unprecedented fact in Group C virus. Also, we confirmed the presence of natural reassortment events. This study expands the genomic information of Group C viruses, as well as revalidates the genomic organization of viruses that were previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MRT); (PFCV)
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jedson Ferreira Cardoso
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Soraya Jabur Badra
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MRT); (PFCV)
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19
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Talavera S, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Verdún M, Pujol N, Pagès N. Revealing potential bridge vectors for BTV and SBV: a study on Culicoides blood feeding preferences in natural ecosystems in Spain. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:35-40. [PMID: 28857265 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens, such as the bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg (SBV) viruses, which cause important diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. As wild ruminants can contribute to overwintering and epizootics of both diseases, knowledge of the host-feeding behaviour of Culicoides in natural ecosystems is important to better understand their epidemiology. Blood-engorged Culicoides females trapped in natural areas inhabited by different wild ruminant species were genetically analysed to identify host species. The origin of bloodmeals was identified in 114 females of 14 species of Culicoides. A total of 104 (91.1%) Culicoides fed on mammals and 10 (8.9%) on birds. The most abundant host identified was red deer (66.7%), followed by humans (13%) and fallow deer (6.1%). Eleven of the 14 species of Culicoides fed exclusively on mammalian hosts. Among them, five are mammalophilic species considered to be important BTV and/or SBV vectors. The results of the present study confirm that Culicoides imicola, Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus, Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus fed on wild ruminants, and therefore support the hypothesis that these species can act as bridge vectors by facilitating the circulation of pathogens between wild and domestic ruminant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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Laloy E, Braud C, Bréard E, Kaandorp J, Bourgeois A, Kohl M, Meyer G, Sailleau C, Viarouge C, Zientara S, Chai N. Schmallenberg Virus in Zoo Ruminants, France and the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2201-2203. [PMID: 27869605 PMCID: PMC5189124 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.150983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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21
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Pagès N, Talavera S, Verdún M, Pujol N, Valle M, Bensaid A, Pujols J. Schmallenberg virus detection in Culicoides biting midges in Spain: First laboratory evidence for highly efficient infection of Culicoides of the Obsoletus complex and Culicoides imicola. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:e1-e6. [PMID: 28474491 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since Schmallenberg disease was discovered in 2011, the disease rapidly spread across Europe. Culicoides biting midges have been implicated as putative Schmallenberg vectors in Europe. The detection of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in field collected Culicoides was evaluated through retrospective (2011-2012) collections and captures performed in 2013. This study represents the first detection of SBV in field collected Culicoides in Spain. Infectious midges were detected at the foothills of Pyrenees, Aramunt, in the summer 2012. All the specimens infected with Schmallenberg were of the species Culicoides obsoletus s.s. confirming its putative vector status in Spain. Experimental infection on field collected Culicoides provided evidence of atypical high efficiency for SBV vector infection and transmission potential in local populations of Culicoides imicola and in Culicoides of the Obsoletus complex. However, captured individuals of C. imicola were more susceptible to SBV infection than C. obsoletus s.l. (p < .001), with an infection ratio of 0.94 and 0.63, respectively. In contrast, a Culicoides nubeculosus colony appeared to be refractory to SBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pagès
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Valle
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Bensaid
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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22
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Sibhat B, Ayelet G, Gebremedhin EZ, Skjerve E, Asmare K. Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in dairy cattle in Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2018; 178:61-67. [PMID: 29111139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a recently identified member of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. It is an arbovirus transmitted by different members of Culicoides spp of biting midges. The virus is more recognized for its effect on reproductive disorders in ruminants characterised by abortion, stillbirth and birth of congenitally defective newborns with hydranencephaly-arthrogryposis syndrome. The current study was undertaken with the objectives of exploring the presence of SBV exposure and identification of factors affecting its distribution among dairy cattle in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1379 dairy cattle sampled from 149 dairy herds in central, southern and western Ethiopia during September 2011 to May 2012. Serum samples were examined using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Data on hypothesised risk factors were collected from farm records where available and semi-structured questionnaire-based interview. The apparent seroprevalence of exposure to SBV was 56.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.9-59.3). True prevalence adjusted for sensitivity and specificity of the cELISA kit used was 58.3% (95% CI 55.7-60.9). Among the sampled herds, 82.6% (95% CI: 75.5-88.3) had at least one seropositive animal. Seropositive cattle were found in all of the 15 conurbations studied. Adult dairy cows [odds ratio (OR)=1.6] were more commonly affected than young heifers. Dairy cattle kept in commercial (OR=1.6) and breeding farms (OR=3.5) and Midland agroecology (OR=2.5) showed statistically significant seroconversion than cattle kept under small-holder dairy farms and Highland agroecology respectively (p<0.05). Reproductive disorders including abortion, retention of the fetal membranes, and metritis were associated with serostatus of SBV. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of SBV is high and widely distributed in the studied parts of Ethiopia. This being the first study of its kind on SBV in Ethiopia, further longitudinal studies on isolation of the virus and its impact on reproductive disorders are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Sibhat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Gelagay Ayelet
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Eystein Skjerve
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kassahun Asmare
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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23
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Campos Z, Soares R, Nogueira RMR, Komar N. Neutralizing antibodies for orthobunyaviruses in Pantanal, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006014. [PMID: 29091706 PMCID: PMC5665413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pantanal is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. Various medically important flaviviruses and alphaviruses have been reported in domestic and wild animals in the region. To expand the knowledge of local arbovirus circulation, a serosurvey for 14 Brazilian orthobunyaviruses was conducted with equines, sheep and free-ranging caimans. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Monotypic reactions were detected for Maguari, Xingu, Apeu, Guaroa, Murutucu, Oriboca, Oropouche and Nepuyo viruses. Despite the low titers for most of the orthobunyaviruses tested, the detection of monotypic reactions for eight orthobunyaviruses suggests the Pantanal as a region of great orthobunyavirus diversity. The present data, in conjunction with previous studies that detected a high diversity of other arboviruses, ratify the Pantanal as an important natural reservoir for sylvatic and medically important arboviruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Zilca Campos
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Soares
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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Abstract
Schmallenberg virus infection on cattle farms in southern ScotlandOutbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitisSalmonella Bovismorbificans infection in cattle and sheepGastric ulceration in pigsTrichomonosis in a sparrowhawk and a hen harrierThese are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for April 2017 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS).
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Schmallenberg virus infection confirmed in Scotland. Vet Rec 2017; 180:562-5. [PMID: 28600415 DOI: 10.1136/vr.j2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus infection in malformed lambsFood chain issues after lead poisoning incidentSuspected ragwort poisoning in heifersEwe abortions due to Salmonella enterica serovar UrbanaCoxiella burnetii detected in aborted lambsThese are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for February 2017 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS).
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Wang J, Blasdell KR, Yin H, Walker PJ. A large-scale serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle, yak, sheep and goats in China. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:7-12. [PMID: 28757043 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is a member of the Simbu serogroup, classified in the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae. AKAV infection can cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in cattle and sheep. The distribution and prevalence of AKAV infection in China is still unknown. A total of 2731 sera collected from 2006 to 2015 in 24 provinces of China from cattle, sheep, goats and yak were examined by serum neutralisation test. The overall seroprevalence rates for AKAV antibodies were 21.3% in cattle (471/2215) and 12.0% (17/142) in sheep or goats, and 0% in yak (0/374). The results indicated widespread AKAV infection in China among cattle and sheep but yak appear to have a low risk of infection. Using a selection of 50 AKAV-positive and 25 AKAV-negative cattle sera, neutralisation tests were also conducted to detect antibodies to several other Simbu serogroup bunyaviruses and closely related Leanyer virus. Although inconclusive, the data suggest that both Aino virus and Peaton virus, which have been reported previously in Japan and Korea, may also be present in cattle in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Wang
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Jansen van Vuren P, Wiley MR, Palacios G, Storm N, Markotter W, Birkhead M, Kemp A, Paweska JT. Isolation of a novel orthobunyavirus from bat flies (Eucampsipoda africana). J Gen Virol 2017; 98:935-945. [PMID: 28488954 PMCID: PMC5656801 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bunyaviridae family comprises viruses causing diseases of public and veterinary health importance, including viral haemorrhagic and arboviral fevers. We report the isolation, identification and genome characterization of a novel orthobunyavirus, named Wolkberg virus (WBV), from wingless bat fly ectoparasites (Eucampsipoda africana) of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in South Africa. Complete genome sequence data of WBV suggests it is most closely related to two bat viruses (Mojuí dos Campos and Kaeng Khoi viruses) and an arbovirus (Nyando virus) previously shown to infect humans. WBV replicates to high titres in VeroE6 and C6-36 cells, characteristic of mosquito-borne arboviruses. These findings expand our knowledge of the diversity of orthobunyaviruses and their insect vector host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael R. Wiley
- Centre for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Centre for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Storm
- Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Monica Birkhead
- Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Alan Kemp
- Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Janusz T. Paweska,
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Drake MJ, Brennan B, Briley Jr K, Bart SM, Sherman E, Szemiel AM, Minutillo M, Bushman FD, Bates P. A role for glycolipid biosynthesis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006316. [PMID: 28388693 PMCID: PMC5397019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bunyavirus was recently found to cause severe febrile illness with high mortality in agricultural regions of China, Japan, and South Korea. This virus, named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), represents a new group within the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae. Little is known about the viral entry requirements beyond showing dependence on dynamin and endosomal acidification. A haploid forward genetic screen was performed to identify host cell requirements for SFTSV entry. The screen identified dependence on glucosylceramide synthase (ugcg), the enzyme responsible for initiating de novo glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches confirmed that UGCG expression and enzymatic activity were required for efficient SFTSV entry. Furthermore, inhibition of UGCG affected a post-internalization stage of SFTSV entry, leading to the accumulation of virus particles in enlarged cytoplasmic structures, suggesting impaired trafficking and/or fusion of viral and host membranes. These findings specify a role for glucosylceramide in SFTSV entry and provide a novel target for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Drake
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Brennan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Briley Jr
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Bart
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka M. Szemiel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Minutillo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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29
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Lwande OW, Bucht G, Ahlm C, Ahlm K, Näslund J, Evander M. Mosquito-borne Inkoo virus in northern Sweden - isolation and whole genome sequencing. Virol J 2017; 14:61. [PMID: 28330505 PMCID: PMC5362992 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inkoo virus (INKV) is a less known mosquito-borne virus belonging to Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, California serogroup. Studies indicate that INKV infection is mainly asymptomatic, but can cause mild encephalitis in humans. In northern Europe, the sero-prevalence against INKV is high, 41% in Sweden and 51% in Finland. Previously, INKV RNA has been detected in adult Aedes (Ae.) communis, Ae. hexodontus and Ae. punctor mosquitoes and Ae. communis larvae, but there are still gaps of knowledge regarding mosquito vectors and genetic diversity. Therefore, we aimed to determine the occurrence of INKV in its mosquito vector and characterize the isolates. METHODS About 125,000 mosquitoes were collected during a mosquito-borne virus surveillance in northern Sweden during the summer period of 2015. Of these, 10,000 mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation and detection using cell culture and RT-PCR. Virus isolates were further characterized by whole genome sequencing. Genetic typing of mosquito species was conducted by cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification and sequencing (genetic barcoding). RESULTS Several Ae. communis mosquitoes were found positive for INKV RNA and two isolates were obtained. The first complete sequences of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments of INKV in Sweden were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the INKV genome was most closely related to other INKV isolates from Sweden and Finland. Of the three INKV genome segments, the INKV M segment had the highest frequency of non-synonymous mutations. The overall G/C-content of INKV genes was low for the N/NSs genes (43.8-45.5%), polyprotein (Gn/Gc/NSm) gene (35.6%) and the RNA polymerase gene (33.8%) This may be due to the fact that INKV in most instances utilized A or T in the third codon position. CONCLUSIONS INKV is frequently circulating in northern Sweden and Ae. communis is the key vector. The high mutation rate of the INKV M segment may have consequences on virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Bucht
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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30
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Camp JV, Nowotny N. Rapid detection of European orthobunyaviruses by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. J Virol Methods 2016; 236:252-257. [PMID: 27491341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays are described herein for the detection of two orthobunyaviruses (Bunyaviridae), which represent the two main serogroups found in mosquitoes in Central Europe. The RT-LAMP assays were optimized for the detection of Ťahyňa virus (a California encephalitis group virus found in Aedes sp or Ochlerotatus sp mosquitoes) and Batai virus (also called Čalovo virus, a Bunyamwera group virus found in Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes) nucleic acid using endemic European virus isolates. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assays was determined to be comparable to that of conventional tests, with a limit of detection<0.1 pfu per reaction. The assays can be performed in 60min under isothermal conditions using very simple equipment. Furthermore, it was possible to proceed with the assays without nucleic acid extraction, albeit at a 100-fold loss of sensitivity. The RT-LAMP assays are a sensitive, cost-efficient method for both arbovirus surveillance as well as diagnostic laboratories to detect the presence of these endemic orthobunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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31
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Navarro JC, Giambalvo D, Hernandez R, Auguste AJ, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, Montañez H, Liria J, Lima A, Travassos da Rosa JFS, da Silva SP, Vasconcelos JM, Oliveira R, Vianez JLSG, Nunes MRT. Isolation of Madre de Dios Virus (Orthobunyavirus; Bunyaviridae), an Oropouche Virus Species Reassortant, from a Monkey in Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:328-38. [PMID: 27215299 PMCID: PMC4973178 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV), genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, is an important cause of human illness in tropical South America. Herein, we report the isolation, complete genome sequence, genetic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of an OROV species reassortant, Madre de Dios virus (MDDV), obtained from a sick monkey (Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk) collected in a forest near Atapirire, a small rural village located in Anzoategui State, Venezuela. MDDV is one of a growing number of naturally occurring OROV species reassortants isolated in South America and was known previously only from southern Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Lab Biología de Vectores, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dileyvic Giambalvo
- Lab Biología de Vectores, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rosa Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" (INHRR), Ciudad Universitaria, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Humberto Montañez
- Dirección General de Salud Ambiental, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jonathan Liria
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología (FACYT), Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Anderson Lima
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro P da Silva
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Janaina M Vasconcelos
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - João L S G Vianez
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Marcio R T Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil.
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Treangen TJ, Schoeler G, Phillippy AM, Bergman NH, Turell MJ. Identification and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Group C Orthobunyavirus Isolated from a Mosquito Captured near Iquitos, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004440. [PMID: 27074162 PMCID: PMC4830577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group C orthobunyaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses found in both South and North America. Until very recently, and despite their status as important vector-borne human pathogens, no Group C whole genome sequences containing all three segments were available in public databases. Here we report a Group C orthobunyavirus, named El Huayo virus, isolated from a pool of Culex portesi mosquitoes captured near Iquitos, Peru. Although initial metagenomic analysis yielded only a handful of reads belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, single contig assemblies were generated for L, M, and S segments totaling over 200,000 reads (~0.5% of sample). Given the moderately high viremia in hamsters (>107 plaque-forming units/ml) and the propensity for Cx. portesi to feed on rodents, it is possible that El Huayo virus is maintained in nature in a Culex portesi/rodent cycle. El Huayo virus was found to be most similar to Peruvian Caraparu virus isolates and constitutes a novel subclade within Group C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Treangen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Schoeler
- Department of Entomology, U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - Adam M. Phillippy
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Bergman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Turell
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang H. [Characterization and Analyses of the Full-length Genome of a Strain of the Akabane Virus Isolated from Mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2016; 32:161-169. [PMID: 27396159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We wished to sequence the full-length genomes of the DHL10M110 strain of the Akabane virus (AKV) isolated from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China, in 2010. We also wished to analyze the characteristics of these complete nucleotide sequences. The complete genomic sequence of the DHL10M110 strain from Yunnan Province was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. We found that the length of the L, M and S gene nucleotide sequences of the DHL10M110 strain were 6 869-bp, 4 309-bp and 856-bp, respectively, including the open reading frame (ORF) nucleotide sequences of 6 756-bp (L), 4 206-bp (M) and 702-bp (S), encoding 2252, 1402 and 234 amino-acid polyproteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on L-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the OBE-1 strain of the AKV from Japan and AKVS-7/SKR/2010 strain of the AKV from South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on M- and S-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, but that the DHL10M110 strain had a lone evolutionary branch. In terms of nucleotide (amino acid) homology, the similarity of L-, M- and S-fragment ORFs of the DHL10M110 strain to the OBE-1 strain from Japan was 92.6% (98%), 88.5% (94%) and 96.4% (99.1%), respectively. When comparing the DHL10M110 strain with the OBE-1 strain, we noted 45, 84, and 2 different sites in the amino acids of L, M and S fragments, respectively. Homology and phylogenetic analyses also suggested that the DHL10M110 strain had a distant relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Kenya and Australia. Also, we confirmed by complete genomic sequence analyses that the DHL10M110 strain was clade-Asia of the AKV. However, differences between the DHL10M110 strain compared with strains from Japan and South Korea were also noted. These results suggest that the DHL10M110 strain harbored relatively stable genetic characteristics and distinct regional features. This is the first time that full-length genomic sequences of the DHL10M110 strain of the AKV in mainland China have been obtained.
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Evander M, Putkuri N, Eliasson M, Lwande OW, Vapalahti O, Ahlm C. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Inkoo Virus in Northern Sweden. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1103-1106. [PMID: 26928830 PMCID: PMC4856611 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Inkoo virus (INKV) is a member of the California serogroup in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. These viruses are associated with fever and encephalitis, although INKV infections are not usually reported and the incidence is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-INKV antibodies and associated risk factors in humans living in northern Sweden. Seroprevalence was investigated using the World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease study, where a randomly selected population aged between 25 and 74 years (N = 1,607) was invited to participate. The presence of anti-INKV IgG antibodies was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Seropositivity for anti-INKV was significantly higher in men (46.9%) than in women (34.8%; P < 0.001). In women, but not in men, the prevalence increased somewhat with age (P = 0.06). The peak in seropositivity was 45–54 years for men and 55–64 years for women. Living in rural areas was associated with a higher seroprevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-INKV antibodies was high in northern Sweden and was associated with male sex, older age, and rural living. The age distribution indicates exposure to INKV at a relatively early age. These findings will be important for future epidemiological and clinical investigations of this relatively unknown mosquito-borne virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clas Ahlm
- *Address correspondence to Clas Ahlm, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. E-mail:
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Wang D, Wang Y, Yang G, Liu H, Xin Z. Ticks and tick-borne novel bunyavirus collected from the natural environment and domestic animals in Jinan city, East China. Exp Appl Acarol 2016; 68:213-221. [PMID: 26589806 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since 2011, 73 cases of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, a novel tick-borne disease, have been reported in Jinan city through information system for disease control and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the species, distribution, host animals of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. A total of 722 ticks were collected from two types of natural environment and six kinds of domestic animal in Jinan city. All the sampled ticks belonged to the same species, namely Haemaphysalis longicornis, and 94.7% of them were adult. The density of free-living ticks in grassland was nearly six times that in shrub. The prevalence of the goat (53.3%) was highest among the domestic animals. The host body region most frequently parasitized by H. longicornis was the head (77.8%), especially ears and periocular region. Novel bunyavirus was detected on the free-ranging goats in Jinan city. Acaricide treatment with a higher concentration on the ears, periocular region and the groin of domestic animals should be recommended to control the ticks effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xin
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Hontz RD, Guevara C, Halsey ES, Silvas J, Santiago FW, Widen SG, Wood TG, Casanova W, Vasilakis N, Watts DM, Kochel TJ, Ebihara H, Aguilar PV. Itaya virus, a Novel Orthobunyavirus Associated with Human Febrile Illness, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:781-8. [PMID: 25898901 PMCID: PMC4412221 DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.141368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of uncharacterized bunyavirus isolates identified a possible reassortant virus. Our genetic analyses of uncharacterized bunyaviruses isolated in Peru identified a possible reassortant virus containing small and large gene segment sequences closely related to the Caraparu virus and a medium gene segment sequence potentially derived from an unidentified group C orthobunyavirus. Neutralization tests confirmed serologic distinction among the newly identified virus and the prototype and Caraparu strains. This virus, named Itaya, was isolated in 1999 and 2006 from febrile patients in the cities of Iquitos and Yurimaguas in Peru. The geographic distance between the 2 cases suggests that the Itaya virus could be widely distributed throughout the Amazon basin in northeastern Peru. Identification of a new Orthobunyavirus species that causes febrile disease in humans reinforces the need to expand viral disease surveillance in tropical regions of South America.
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Santillán MÁ, Grande JM, Liébana MS, Martínez P, Díaz LA, Bragagnolo LA, Solaro C, Galmes MA, Sarasola JH. New hosts for the mite Ornithonyssus bursa in Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 2015; 29:439-443. [PMID: 26258483 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mite Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese) (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) is considered a poultry pest causing important infestations in chickens and it is considered a potential vector of arbovirus. Despite being considered a common parasite in wild birds, there is scarce published information about its potential hosts and effects on them. Here we present new bird hosts for O. bursa, assess the presence of Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Bunyavirus in mites from three host species, and discuss its potential impact on wild bird populations. We found O. bursa infecting five raptor and six passerine wild bird species. For nine of these species, this is the first record of infection by O. bursa. Although all analysed mites were negative for the examined arboviruses, the small sample size of mites does not allow further conclusions at the present moment. Because of the general nature of this ectoparasite, its presence in migratory long dispersal and endangered bird species, and the seropositivity for arboviruses in some of the species studied here, we consider it critical to assess the role of O. bursa and other ectoparasites as vectors and reservoirs of pathogens and as potential deleterious agents in wild bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Á Santillán
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - J M Grande
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - M S Liébana
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - P Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L A Díaz
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L A Bragagnolo
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - C Solaro
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - M A Galmes
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- The Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID, U.S.A
| | - J H Sarasola
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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Abstract
Trivittatus virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus) represents an important genetic intermediate between the California encephalitis group and the Bwamba/Pongola and Nyando groups. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of the prototype (Eklund) strain, isolated in 1948, which, interestingly, shows only a few differences when compared to partial sequences of modern strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Groseth
- Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Veronica Vine
- Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Carla Weisend
- Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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Shirafuji H, Yazaki R, Shuto Y, Yanase T, Kato T, Ishikura Y, Sakaguchi Z, Suzuki M, Yamakawa M. Broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to Simbu serogroup lineage 1 and specific detection of Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses by newly developed multiple TaqMan assays. J Virol Methods 2015; 225:9-15. [PMID: 26341063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TaqMan assays were developed for the broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to Simbu serogroup lineage 1 in the genus Orthobunyavirus and also for the specific detection of three viruses in the lineage, Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses (AKAV, AINOV and PEAV, respectively). A primer and probe set was designed for the broad-range detection of Simbu serogroup lineage 1 (Pan-Simbu1 set) mainly targeting AKAV, AINOV, PEAV, Sathuperi and Shamonda viruses (SATV and SHAV), and the forward and reverse primers of the Pan-Simbu1 set were also used for the specific detection of AKAV with another probe (AKAV-specific set). In addition, two more primer and probe sets were designed for AINOV- and PEAV-specific detection, respectively (AINOV- and PEAV-specific sets). All of the four primer and probe sets successfully detected targeted viruses, and thus broad-range and specific detection of all the targeted viruses can be achieved by using two multiplex assays and a single assay in a dual (two-color) assay format when another primer and probe set for a bovine β-actin control is also used. The assays had an analytical sensitivity of 10 copies/tube for AKAV, at least 100 copies/tube for AINOV, 100 copies/tube for PEAV, one copy/tube for SATV and at least 10 copies/tube for SHAV, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the assays was tested with field-collected bovine samples, and the results suggested that the sensitivity was higher than that of a conventional RT-PCR. These data indicate that the newly developed TaqMan assays will be useful tools for the diagnosis and screening of field-collected samples for infections of AKAV and several other arboviruses belonging to the Simbu serogroup lineage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan.
| | - Ryu Yazaki
- Kusu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Oita Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Yozo Shuto
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Oita Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Youji Ishikura
- Domestic Livestock Disease Identification Office, Food Safety Promotion Division, Shimane Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Zenjiro Sakaguchi
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kagoshima Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, NIAH, NARO, Japan
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Manley R, Harrup LE, Veronesi E, Stubbins F, Stoner J, Gubbins S, Wilson A, Batten C, Koenraadt CJM, Henstock M, Barber J, Carpenter S. Testing of UK Populations of Culex pipiens L. for Schmallenberg Virus Vector Competence and Their Colonization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134453. [PMID: 26291533 PMCID: PMC4546389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arboviral pathogen of ruminants, emerged in northern Europe during 2011 and has subsequently spread across a vast geographic area. While Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been identified as a biological transmission agent of SBV, the role of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as potential vectors has not been defined beyond small-scale field collections in affected areas. Culex pipiens L. are one of the most widespread mosquitoes in northern Europe; they are present on farms across the region and have previously been implicated as vectors of several other arboviruses. We assessed the ability of three colony lines of Cx. pipiens, originating from geographically diverse field populations, to become fully infected by SBV using semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR (sqPCR). Findings Two colony lines of Cx. pipiens were created in the UK (‘Brookwood’ and ‘Caldbeck’) from field collections of larvae and pupae and characterised using genetic markers. A third strain of Cx. pipiens from CVI Wageningen, The Netherlands, was also screened during experiments. Intrathoracic inoculation of the Brookwood line resulted in infections after 14 days that were characterised by high levels of RNA throughout individuals, but which demonstrated indirect evidence of salivary gland barriers. Feeding of 322 individuals across the three colony lines on a membrane based infection system resulted in no evidence of full dissemination of SBV, although infections did occur in a small proportion of Cx. pipiens from each line. Conclusions/Significance This study established two novel lines of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes of UK origin in the laboratory and subsequently tested their competence for SBV. Schmallenberg virus replication and dissemination was restricted, demonstrating that Cx. pipiens is unlikely to be an epidemiologically important vector of the virus in northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Manley
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lara E. Harrup
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Veronesi
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Stubbins
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Stoner
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gubbins
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Wilson
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Batten
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Henstock
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - James Barber
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Carpenter
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fernández-Aguilar X, Pujols J, Velarde R, Rosell R, López-Olvera JR, Marco I, Pumarola M, Segalés J, Lavín S, Cabezón O. Schmallenberg virus circulation in high mountain ecosystem, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1062-4. [PMID: 24857166 PMCID: PMC4036760 DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.130961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Feng Y, He B, Fu S, Yang W, Zhang Y, Tu C, Liang G, Zhang H. [Isolation and identification of the Akabane virus from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2015; 31:51-57. [PMID: 25997331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses in Manshi and Ruili (Yunnan Province, China), we collected 2 149 mosquitoes (17 species) in August 2010. Virus isolation was undertaken by the cul- ture of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21 cells). Two virus-like isolates were obtained: DHL10M117 was isolated from collected in Mangshi; DHL10M110 was obtained from Anopheles vagus collected in Rui- li. Both isolates caused cytopathic effects,illness and death in suckling mice inoculated with these isolates via the intracerebral route. Two positive amplicons, 702-bp from the S segment and 456-bp from the M segment,were obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the Akabane virus (AKV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two virus stains had a distant relation- ship with AKVs from Kenya and Australia,but were genetically close to those from Japan,South Korea, and Taiwan. However,they were separate from other Asian strains and grouped into a small branch. The highest nucleotide and amino-acid sequence identity of the S segment was found with the CY-77 strain from Taiwan (96.6% and 99.6% for DHL10M117 and 96.7% and 100% for DHL10M110,respectively). Com- parison of the M segment showed they shared the highest amino acid identity with CY-77 (99.6% and 100%, respectively), whereas the highest nucleotide identity was found with the Iriki strain from Japan (99.6% and 100%, respectively). Compared with the MP496 strain from Kenya,they displayed lower lev- els of sequence homology, at 69.7% and 70.0% for nucleotide sequences of the two loci,and 91. 0% for a- mino acids. Our results identified that DHL10M117 and DHL10M110 were strains of AKV,and provided molecular biological evidence for the existence of AKV in Yunnan Province. These AKV strains that are circulating in Yunnan Province share a close genetic relationship with strains from the rest of Asia. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus may serve as transmission vectors.
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Wu XD, Ge SQ, Zhang YQ, Wang JJ, Shi JH, Mei Y, Liu HL, Wang ZL. [A review of research on Schmallenberg virus]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2014; 30:694-703. [PMID: 25868286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus, was first isolated in 2011. SBV preferentially infects the central nervous system of cattle and sheep and causes fever, diarrhea, a drop in milk yields, congenital malformations and stillbirths. Until June 2014, more than 200 scientific publications regarding SBV have been published. Although more than 20 articles on SVB were published in China, most of these articles provided only a brief introduction of the disease without fully discussing the associated disease characteristics. As a new disease, it has been made a focus of the National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases at the China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center. In this review, in order to provide a reference for research into SBV in China, we have reviewed the state of current research progress on the etiology, diagnosis and epidemiology of SBV, and vaccine development.
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Huang X, Liu L, Du Y, Wu W, Wang H, Su J, Tang X, Liu Q, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Chen W, Xu B. The evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamics of the fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (FTLSV) in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3237. [PMID: 25329580 PMCID: PMC4199521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2007, a novel bunyavirus was found in Henan Province, China and named fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (FTLSV); since then, FTLSV has been found in ticks and animals in many Chinese provinces. Human-to-human transmission has been documented, indicating that FTLSV should be considered a potential public health threat. Determining the historical spread of FTLSV could help curtail its spread and prevent future movement of this virus. Method/Principal Findings To examine the pattern of FTLSV evolution and the origin of outbreak strains, as well to examine the rate of evolution, the genome of 12 FTLSV strains were sequenced and a phylogenetic and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of all available FTLSV sequences in China were performed. Analysis based on the FTLSV L segment suggests that the virus likely originated somewhere in Huaiyangshan circa 1790 (95% highest probability density interval: 1756–1817) and began spreading around 1806 (95% highest probability density interval: 1773–1834). Analysis also indicates that when FTLSV arrived in Jiangsu province from Huaiyangshan, Jiangsu Province became another source for the spread of the disease. Bayesian factor test analysis identified three major transmission routes: Huaiyangshan to Jiangsu, Jiangsu to Liaoning, and Jiangsu to Shandong. The speed of FTLSV movement has increased in recent decades, likely facilitated by modern human activity and ecosystem changes. In addition, evidence of RNA segment reassortment was found in FTLSV; purifying selection appears to have been the dominant force in the evolution of this virus. Conclusion Results presented in the manuscript suggest that the Huaiyangshan area is likely be the origin of FTLSV in China and identified probable viral migration routes. These results provide new insights into the origin and spread of FTLSV in China, and provide a foundation for future virological surveillance and control. FTLSV is novel bunyavirus belonging to genus Phlebovirus and was first found in Huaiyangshan area. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of FTLSV remain poorly understood. This lack of information underscores the importance of analyzing the movement and genetic history of FTLSV in China. Recent advances in Bayesian coalescent phylogenetic analyses have resulted in more sophisticated methods being available for determining the relative age of emerging pathogens. In this study, a phylogenetic and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis was performed for FTLSV whole genomic sequences isolated from China. Results identified the Huaiyangshan area as the most probable origin of FTLSV and suggested migrating routes of the virus. These results offer the first description of the movement and history of FTLSV in China. RNA segment reassortment was found in FTLSV; purifying selection appears to have been the dominant force driving the evolution of this virus. The results of this study could be used to facilitate the development of new strategies for controlling FTLSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Huang
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Su
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YJ); (WC); (BX)
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YJ); (WC); (BX)
| | - Weijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YJ); (WC); (BX)
| | - Bianli Xu
- Center for disease control and prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YJ); (WC); (BX)
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Liu R, Zhang G, Sun X, Zheng Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Liu S, Dang R, Zhao T. [Isolation and molecular characterization on Abbey Lake Orthobunyavirus (Bunyaviridae) in Xinjiang, China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2014; 35:939-942. [PMID: 25376687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To monitor and discover medically important mosquito-borne viruses circulating in Xinjiang, China. METHODS Mosquitoes were collected from Abbey Lake wetland in Bortala, in Northern Xinjiang. Viral isolates were obtained through inoculating and serial passaging into susceptible mammalian host cells (BHK-21), identified by cytopathogenic effect (CPE) observation and plague forming assay. Genetic identification of viral isolates was conducted by RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS A virus strain which causing CPE on BHK-21 cells, was isolated from the predominant Culex modestus (36.6%) and tentatively designated as Abbey Lake virus. Information on molecular identification revealed that Abbey Lake virus belonged to Orthobunyavirus genus within Bunyaviridae. Partial sequences (651 bp and 980 bp) of viral genomic S and M segment showed that Abbey Lake virus was phylogenetically related to Germiston virus that uniquely found in South Africa with 90.6% nucleotides and 95.0% amino acids similarities in S segment. However, viral M segment displayed much variability with 78.6% nucleotides and 86.1% amino acid similarities, suggesting a new member of Orthobunyavirus genus was discovered in the area. CONCLUSION In this study, Abbey Lake virus was isolated and characterized indicating its potential circulation nature of this newly-emerged mosquito-borne virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xiang Sun
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Shuankui Liu
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rongli Dang
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- Xinjiang Military Command Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830011, China
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Luttikholt S, Veldhuis A, van den Brom R, Moll L, Lievaart-Peterson K, Peperkamp K, van Schaik G, Vellema P. Risk factors for malformations and impact on reproductive performance and mortality rates of Schmallenberg virus in sheep flocks in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100135. [PMID: 24937443 PMCID: PMC4061107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Northwestern Europe, an epizootic outbreak of congenital malformations in newborn lambs due to infection with Schmallenberg virus (SBV) started at the end of 2011. The objectives of this study were to describe clinical symptoms of SBV infection, the effect of infection on mortality rates, and reproductive performance in sheep, as well as to identify and quantify flock level risk factors for SBV infections resulting in malformations in newborn lambs. A case-control study design was used, with 93 case flocks that had notified malformed lambs and 84 control flocks with no such lambs. Overall animal seroprevalence in case flocks was estimated at 82.0% (95% CI: 74.3–87.8), and was not significantly different from the prevalence in control flocks being 76.4% (95% CI: 67.2–83.6). The percentages of stillborn lambs or lambs that died before weaning, repeat breeders, and lambs with abnormal suckling behaviour were significantly higher in case flocks compared to control flocks. However, effect of SBV infection on mortality rates and reproductive performance seemed to be limited. Multivariable analysis showed that sheep flocks with an early start of the mating season, i.e. before August 2011 (OR = 33.1; 95% CI: 10.0–109.8) and in August 2011 (OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 2.7–24.6) had increased odds of malformations in newborn lambs caused by SBV compared to sheep flocks with a start of the mating season in October 2011. Other flock-level risk factors for malformations in newborn lambs were purchase of silage (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.7–15.0) and flocks with one or more dogs (OR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–8.3). Delaying mating until October could be a potential preventive measure for naïve animals to reduce SBV induced losses. As duration of immunity after infection with SBV is expected to last for several years, future SBV induced congenital malformations are mainly expected in offspring of early mated seronegative animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Luttikholt
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anouk Veldhuis
- Department of Epidemiology, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - René van den Brom
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Lammert Moll
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Klaas Peperkamp
- Department of Pathology, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Piet Vellema
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
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Balenghien T, Pagès N, Goffredo M, Carpenter S, Augot D, Jacquier E, Talavera S, Monaco F, Depaquit J, Grillet C, Pujols J, Satta G, Kasbari M, Setier-Rio ML, Izzo F, Alkan C, Delécolle JC, Quaglia M, Charrel R, Polci A, Bréard E, Federici V, Cêtre-Sossah C, Garros C. The emergence of Schmallenberg virus across Culicoides communities and ecosystems in Europe. Prev Vet Med 2014; 116:360-9. [PMID: 24698329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel arboviral pathogen, has emerged and spread across Europe since 2011 inflicting congenital deformities in the offspring of infected adult ruminants. Several species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been implicated in the transmission of SBV through studies conducted in northern Europe. In this study Culicoides from SBV outbreak areas of mainland France and Italy (Sardinia) were screened for viral RNA. The role of both C. obsoletus and the Obsoletus complex (C. obsoletus and C. scoticus) in transmission of SBV were confirmed in France and SBV was also discovered in a pool of C. nubeculosus for the first time, implicating this species as a potential vector. While collections in Sardinia were dominated by C. imicola, only relatively small quantities of SBV RNA were detected in pools of this species and conclusive evidence of its potential role in transmission is required. In addition to these field-based studies, infection rates in colony-derived individuals of C. nubeculosus and field-collected C. scoticus are also examined in the laboratory. Rates of infection in C. nubeculosus were low, confirming previous studies, while preliminary examination of C. scoticus demonstrated that while this species can replicate SBV to a potentially transmissible level, further work is required to fully define comparative competence between species in the region. Finally, the oral competence for SBV of two abundant and widespread mosquito vector species in the laboratory is assessed. Neither Aedes albopictus nor Culex pipiens were demonstrated to replicate SBV to transmissible levels and appear unlikely to play a major role in transmission. Other vector competence data produced from studies across Europe to date is then comprehensively reviewed and compared with that generated previously for bluetongue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Nonito Pagès
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Augot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | - Elisabeth Jacquier
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | - Colette Grillet
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Pujols
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Kasbari
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC « VECPAR », Reims, France
| | | | - Francesca Izzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cigdem Alkan
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales", Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Michela Quaglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Rémi Charrel
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales", Aix Marseille Univ, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Polci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Federici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Scholte EJ, Mars MH, Braks M, Den Hartog W, Ibañez-Justicia A, Koopmans M, Koenraadt CJM, De Vries A, Reusken C. No evidence for the persistence of Schmallenberg virus in overwintering mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28:110-115. [PMID: 23692132 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel member of the Simbu serogroup, genus Orthobunyavirus, was identified as the causative agent of a disease in ruminants in Europe. Based on the current knowledge on arthropods involved in the transmission of Simbu group viruses, a role of both midges and mosquitoes in the SBV transmission cycle cannot be excluded beforehand. The persistence of SBV in mosquitoes overwintering at SBV-affected farms in the Netherlands was investigated. No evidence for the presence of SBV in 868 hibernating mosquitoes (Culex, Anopheles, and Culiseta spp., collected from January to March 2012) was found. This suggests that mosquitoes do not play an important role, if any, in the persistence of SBV during the winter months in northwestern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Scholte
- Dutch National Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Wernike K, Lv J, Feng C, Lin X. [Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the nucleocapsid protein of Schmallenberg virus]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:289-293. [PMID: 24606749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to prepare and characterize a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Schmallenberg virus (SBV). METHODS The SBV N gene was cloned into pET-28a-c(+ and pMAL-c5X vectors and then transformed into E.coli BL21. Histidine (His)-tagged (His-SBV-N) and maltose-binding protein (MBP)-tagged (MBP-SBV-N) fusion proteins were respectively induced to express by IPTG and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) agarose and amylose resin. His-SBV-N was used to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare mAb, and MBP-SBV-N was used as the coating antigen in ELISA to screen mAb-secreting hybridomas and to determine mAb titers. The mAb against SBV N protein was purified from the ascitic fluids using protein G sepharose. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay were utilized to analyze the reactivity and specificity of the mAb. RESULTS One mAb specific for SBV N protein (named 1F2) was successfully screened and purified. The titer of 1F2 was 1:32 000. Besides, the isotype of 1F2 was determined to be IgG2α/κ. 1F2 reacted with both recombinant SBV N proteins and SBV isolates. It was also cross-reactive with the N proteins of genetically related Shamonda, Douglas and Akabane viruses, but not with the Rift Valley fever virus N protein. CONCLUSION One mAb specific for the SBV N protein was successfully prepared, it provides a useful tool for the serological detection of SBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Zhang
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
| | | | - Jizhou Lv
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
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