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Argaez-Sierra DG, Baak-Baak CM, Garcia-Rejon JE, Cetina-Trejo RC, Tzuc-Dzul JC, Acosta-Viana KY, Chan-Perez JI, Cigarroa-Toledo N. Entomo-virological surveillance of Flavivirus in mosquitoes in Yucatan State, Mexico. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e56. [PMID: 39319955 PMCID: PMC11421420 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus (Family: Flaviviridae) comprises arboviruses with the capacity to infect humans and animals. It also integrates insect-specific viruses. This study aimed to identify Flavivirus in mosquitoes captured in 17 municipalities in Yucatan State, Mexico. The mosquitoes were caught in households from November 2021 to May 2022. A total of 4,321 adult mosquitoes from five species were caught. The most abundant were Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 3,563) and Aedes aegypti (n = 734). For molecular investigations, 600 female mosquitoes were split into groups of 10, mostly for species and site location. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplified a region of the NS5 gene to find the Flavivirus ribonucleic acids (RNA). A total of 24 pools that were positive for Flavivirus were detected in Ae. aegypti specimens and subsequently subjected to sequencing using the Sanger method. A total of 12 sequences matched the established quality criteria and were subsequently employed for sequence homology analysis. We found that one sequence corresponded to the Zika virus (ZIKV), and 11 sequences had sequence similarity with Phlebotomus-associated flavivirus (PAFV), an insect-specific virus (ISF). In conclusion, we found ZIKV in the Merida municipality, Yucatan State, which suggests that the virus is silently circulating. Phlebotomus-associated flavivirus is distributed in five municipalities in Yucatan State, Mexico. Future studies could focus on isolating this virus and studying its biological role within Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Guadalupe Argaez-Sierra
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Julian E. Garcia-Rejon
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Carmina Cetina-Trejo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Tzuc-Dzul
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Karla Y. Acosta-Viana
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - José I. Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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2
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Izquierdo-Suzán M, Zavala-Guerrero PB, Mendoza H, Portela Salomão R, Vázquez-Pichardo M, Von Thaden JJ, Medellín RA. Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) diversity and arbovirus detection across an urban and agricultural landscape. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107321. [PMID: 38972559 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Fragmented landscapes in Mexico, characterized by a mix of agricultural, urban, and native vegetation cover, presents unique ecological characteristics that shape the mosquito community composition and mosquito-borne diseases. The extent to which landscape influences mosquito populations and mosquito-borne diseases is still poorly understood. This work assessed the effect of landscape metrics -agriculture, urban, and native vegetation cover- on mosquito diversity and arbovirus presence in fragmented tropical deciduous forests in Central Mexico during 2021. Among the 21 mosquito species across six genera we identified, Culex quinquefasciatus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. epactius. Notably, areas with denser native vegetation cover displayed higher mosquito species richness, which could have an impact on phenomena such as the dilution effect. Zika and dengue virus were detected in 85% of captured species, with first reports of DENV in several Aedes species and ZIKV in multiple Aedes and Culex species. These findings underscore the necessity of expanding arbovirus surveillance beyond Ae. aegypti and advocate for a deeper understanding of vector ecology in fragmented landscapes to adequately address public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Izquierdo-Suzán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, CP 04510 CDMX, Mexico; Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paula B Zavala-Guerrero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hugo Mendoza
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Renato Portela Salomão
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico; Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Vázquez-Pichardo
- Laboratorios de Arbovirus y Virus Hemorrágicos, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicoos. Centro Colaborador de la OPS/OMS en arbovirus, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Von Thaden
- Laboratorio de Planeación Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo A Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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3
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García-Suárez O, Tolsá-García MJ, Arana-Guardia R, Rodríguez-Valencia V, Talaga S, Pontifes PA, Machain-Williams C, Suzán G, Roiz D. Seasonal mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) dynamics and the influence of environmental variables in a land use gradient from Yucatan, Mexico. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107275. [PMID: 38851624 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases constitute a significant global impact on public and animal health. Climatic variables are recognized as major drivers in the mosquitoes' life history, principally rainfall and temperature, which directly influence mosquito abundance. Likewise, urbanization changes environmental conditions, and understanding how environmental variables and urbanization influence mosquito dynamics is crucial for the integrated management of mosquito-borne diseases, especially in the context of climate change. In this study, our aim was to observe the effect of temperature, rainfall, and the percentage of impervious surface on the abundance of mosquito species over a temporal scale of one complete year of fortnightly samplings, spanning from June 2021 to June 2022 in Yucatan, Mexico. We selected nine localities along an urbanization gradient (three natural, three rural, and three urban) from Mérida City to Reserva de la Biosfera Ría Celestún. Using BG-traps, mosquitoes were collected biweekly at each locality. Additionally, we estimated the percentage of impervious surface. Daily data of the maximum, mean and minimum temperatures, diurnal temperature range and rainfall were accumulated weekly. We calculated the accumulated quantities of temperatures and rainfall and lagged from one to four weeks before sampling for each locality. Generalized linear mixed models were then performed to study the influence of environmental variables and percentage of impervious surfaces on each of the 15 most abundant species. A total of 131,525 mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 49 species were sampled with BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-lure and dry ice. The most frequently significative variable is the accumulated precipitation four weeks before the sampling. We observed a positive relationship between Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. thriambus with the diurnal temperature range. For Ae. aegypti, we observed a positive relationship with minimum temperature. Conversely, the percentage of impervious surface serves as a proxy of anthropogenic influence and helped us to distinguishing species exhibiting habitat preference for urban and rural environments, versus those preferring natural habitats. Our results characterize the species-specific effects of environmental variables (temperature, rainfall and impervious surface) on mosquito abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O García-Suárez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico; International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico
| | - M J Tolsá-García
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; MIVEGEC, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - R Arana-Guardia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico; International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico
| | - V Rodríguez-Valencia
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; MIVEGEC, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - S Talaga
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, 23 Avenue Pasteur Guiana, Cayenne 97300, French
| | - P A Pontifes
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; MIVEGEC, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - C Machain-Williams
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Palenque (UPIIP), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Federal 199, Nueva Esperanza, Palenque, Chiapas 29960, Mexico
| | - G Suzán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico; International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico
| | - D Roiz
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; MIVEGEC, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Sabir AJ, Singh PP, Trus I, Le NPK, Karniychuk U. Asian Zika virus can acquire generic African-lineage mutations during in utero infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2263592. [PMID: 37747060 PMCID: PMC10561574 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2263592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus 2015 epidemic showed an unusual phenotype for human flaviviruses, specifically fetal infection. We previously showed that in utero inoculation with the Asian Zika virus isolated from the human sample causes persistent infection in porcine fetuses. Here, we characterized the evolution of the Asian Zika virus in the fetal brain and placenta. Interestingly, the Asian Zika virus acquired generic African lineage K101R (A408G) and R1609 K (G4932A) mutations during in utero infection. Both African mutations were nonsynonymous and had a high frequency of nearly 100% in the fetal brain. Then, we synthetically generated the wild-type Asian variant and fetal brain-specific variant with generic African-lineage K101R and R1609 K mutations. In mosquito C6/36 cells, but not in human and pig cells, the fetal brain-specific variant showed higher virus loads compared to the Asian wild-type prototype. While in utero infection with both variants caused comparable virus loads in the placenta and amniotic fluids, fetuses injected with the fetal brain-specific variant had the trend to higher virus loads in lymph nodes. Also, introduced K101R and R1609 K mutations were stable and had high nearly 100% frequency at 28 days after in utero inoculation in both directly injected and trans-infected fetuses. These findings evoke concerns because Zika persists in pig herds and mosquitoes on farms in Mexico. It will be essential to identify how persistent in utero infection affects virus evolution and whether in utero-emerged Zika variants have the potential for shedding into the environment, more efficient transmission, and more aggressive infection phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jawad Sabir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Prince Pal Singh
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Trus
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nguyen Phuong Khanh Le
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Lopez-Apodaca LI, Zarza H, Zamudio-Moreno E, Nuñez-Avellaneda D, Baak-Baak CM, Reyes-Solis GDC, Oswaldo Margarito TC, Peláez-Ballestas I, Roiz D, Suzán G, Roche B, Machain-Williams CI. Molecular survey of Zika virus in the animal-human interface in traditional farming. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1057686. [PMID: 36504864 PMCID: PMC9732010 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1057686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Backyard animal husbandry is common in rural communities in developing countries and, given the conditions in which it occurs, it can increase the risk of disease transmission, such as arboviruses. To determine the presence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and abundance of its arthropod vectors we evaluated the socioeconomic implications involved in its transmission in two highly vulnerable Mayan communities in the state of Yucatan that practice backyard farming. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out throughout 2016 to understand socioeconomic variables and seasonal patterns in mosquito populations. We selected 20 households from each community. Social exclusion indicators were analyzed, human and domestic animals were sampled, and mosquitoes were collected and identified. Four out of eight indicators of social exclusion were higher than the reported national averages. We captured 5,825 mosquitoes from 16 species being Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti the most abundant. The presence of chickens and human overcrowding in dwellings were the most significant factors (P = 0.026) associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti. Septic tanks (odds ratio = 6.64) and chickens (odds ratio = 27.41) in backyards were the main risk factors associated with the presence of immature states of Ae. aegypti in both communities. Molecular analysis to detect ZIKV was performed in blood samples from 416 humans, 1,068 backyard animals and 381 mosquito pools. Eighteen humans and 10 pig pools tested positive for ZIKV. Forty-three mosquito pools tested positive for flavivirus. Ten of the 43 pools of positive mosquitoes were sequenced, corresponding 3/10 to ZIKV and 1/10 to Dengue virus type 2. The findings obtained indicate the continuous circulation of Flavivirus (including ZIKV) in backyard environments in vulnerable communities, highlighting the importance of studying their transmission and maintenance in these systems, due that backyard animal husbandry is a common practice in these vulnerable communities with limited access to health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ivone Lopez-Apodaca
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Heliot Zarza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lerma Unit Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Zamudio-Moreno
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Daniel Nuñez-Avellaneda
- Direction Adjunt of Technological Development, Liaison and Innovation-National Science and Technology Council, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Torres-Chablé Oswaldo Margarito
- Laboratory of Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases DACA-UJAT, Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | | | - David Roiz
- Infectious Diseases: Vector, Control, Genetic, Ecology and Evolution (MIVEGEC), Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France,International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico,Laboratory of Disease Ecology and One Health, Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Infectious Diseases: Vector, Control, Genetic, Ecology and Evolution (MIVEGEC), Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France,International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ignacio Machain-Williams
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico,*Correspondence: Carlos Ignacio Machain-Williams
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Pham-Thanh L, Nguyen-Tien T, Magnusson U, Bui VN, Bui AN, Lundkvist Å, Vu DT, Tran SH, Can MX, Nguyen-Viet H, Lindahl JF. Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7050079. [PMID: 35622706 PMCID: PMC9143339 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), including those caused by flaviviruses, remain human health problems for developing and urbanizing economies. This cross-sectional study examined risks of flavivirus exposure through a survey regarding knowledge and practices of pig farmers, and serological analysis of pigs in peri-urban and suburban Hanoi city. A total of 636 pig sera from 179 pig farms in 4 districts, namely, Chuong My, Dan Phuong, Ha Dong, and Bac Tu Liem, were analyzed by a competitive ELISA designed for flavivirus antibody detection. The results indicated a low level of awareness about MBDs among pig farmers, and a high seroprevalence in pigs at 88.5% (95%CI = 85.8–90.9%). Moreover, common practices of pig owners to prevent mosquitoes at home and farm did not show a significant reduction in flavivirus exposure in pigs. At animal level, significant associations between seropositive pigs and the farms with more than 60 pigs, and the district location were found. Farm-level multivariable analysis did not identify significant risk factors for flavivirus exposure. The study suggests that improving awareness of pig owners about MBDs in Hanoi city may be warranted to reduce the risk for MBD flavivirus infections in both humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pham-Thanh
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.N.-V.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-934-109-999
| | - Thang Nguyen-Tien
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.N.-V.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (V.N.B.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (V.N.B.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Duoc Trong Vu
- National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.V.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Son Hai Tran
- National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.V.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Minh Xuan Can
- Hanoi Sub-Department of Livestock Production and Animal Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.N.-V.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Johanna F. Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.N.-V.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
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7
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McLean RK, Graham SP. The pig as an amplifying host for new and emerging zoonotic viruses. One Health 2022; 14:100384. [PMID: 35392655 PMCID: PMC8975596 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig production is a rapidly growing segment of the global livestock sector, especially in Asia and Africa. Expansion and intensification of pig production has resulted in significant changes to traditional pig husbandry practices leading to an environment conducive to increased emergence and spread of infectious diseases. These include a number of zoonotic viruses including influenza, Japanese encephalitis, Nipah and coronaviruses. Pigs are known to independently facilitate the creation of novel reassortant influenza A virus strains, capable of causing pandemics. Moreover, pigs play a role in the amplification of Japanese encephalitis virus, transmitted by mosquito vectors found in areas inhabited by over half the world's human population. Furthermore, pigs acted as an amplifying host in the first and still most severe outbreak of Nipah virus in Malaysia, that necessitated the culling over 1 million pigs. Finally, novel porcine coronaviruses are being discovered in high pig-density countries which have pandemic potential. In this review, we discuss the role that pigs play as intermediate/amplifying hosts for zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential and consider how multivalent vaccination of pigs could in turn safeguard human health.
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8
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Horcharoensuk P, Yang-En S, Chakritbudsabong W, Samatiwat P, Pramong R, Rungarunlert S, Rungsiwiwut R. Melatonin attenuates dimethyl sulfoxide- and Zika virus-induced degeneration of porcine induced neural stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:232-242. [PMID: 35235152 PMCID: PMC8890020 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Domestic pigs have become increasingly popular as a model for human diseases such as neurological diseases. Drug discovery platforms have increasingly been used to identify novel compounds that combat neurodegeneration. Currently, bioactive molecules such as melatonin have been demonstrated to offer a neuroprotective effect in several studies. However, a neurodegenerative platform to study novel compounds in a porcine model has not been fully established. In this study, characterized porcine induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) were used for evaluation of the protective effect of melatonin against chemical and pathogenic stimulation. First, the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the proliferation of porcine iNSCs were studied. Second, porcine iNSCs were treated with the appropriate concentration of melatonin prior to induced degeneration with dimethyl sulfoxide or Zika virus (ZIKV). The results demonstrated that the percentages of Ki67 expression in porcine iNSCs cultured in 0.1, 1, and 10 nM melatonin were not significantly different from that in the control groups. Melatonin at 1 nM protected porcine iNSCs from DMSO-induced degeneration, as confirmed by a dead cell exclusion assay and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) analysis. In addition, pretreatment with melatonin reduced the percentage of dead porcine iNSCs after ZIKV infection. Melatonin increased the ΔΨm, resulting in a decrease in cell degeneration. However, pretreatment with melatonin was unable to suppress ZIKV replication in porcine iNSCs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the anti-degenerative effect of melatonin against DMSO- and ZIKV-induced degeneration in porcine iNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Horcharoensuk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Sunantha Yang-En
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Warunya Chakritbudsabong
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Papavee Samatiwat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Ratchadaporn Pramong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand.
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9
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Udenze D, Trus I, Munyanduki H, Berube N, Karniychuk U. The Isolated in Utero Environment Is Conducive to the Emergence of RNA and DNA Virus Variants. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091827. [PMID: 34578408 PMCID: PMC8473323 DOI: 10.3390/v13091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The host’s immune status may affect virus evolution. Little is known about how developing fetal and placental immune milieus affect virus heterogeneity. This knowledge will help us better understand intra-host virus evolution and how new virus variants emerge. The goal of our study was to find out whether the isolated in utero environment—an environment with specialized placental immunity and developing fetal immunity—supports the emergence of RNA and DNA virus variants. We used well-established porcine models for isolated Zika virus (RNA virus) and porcine circovirus 2 (DNA virus) fetal infections. We found that the isolated in utero environment was conducive to the emergence of RNA and DNA virus variants. Next-generation sequencing of nearly whole virus genomes and validated bioinformatics pipelines identified both unique and convergent single nucleotide variations in virus genomes isolated from different fetuses. Zika virus and PCV2 in utero evolution also resulted in single nucleotide variations previously reported in the human and porcine field samples. These findings should encourage further studies on virus evolution in placenta and fetuses, to better understand how virus variants emerge and how in utero viral evolution affects congenital virus transmission and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Udenze
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.U.); (I.T.); (H.M.); (N.B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Ivan Trus
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.U.); (I.T.); (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Henry Munyanduki
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.U.); (I.T.); (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Berube
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.U.); (I.T.); (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.U.); (I.T.); (H.M.); (N.B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-5510
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Torres-Castro M, Noh-Pech H, Hernández-Betancourt S, Peláez-Sánchez R, Lugo-Caballero C, Puerto FI. West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:834-841. [PMID: 33878223 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infections with viruses of the Flavivirus genus were explored in 22 bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. The detection of the viral genus was performed by RT-PCR, and infections with dengue (DENV 1-4), West Nile (WNV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses were subsequently explored. Sequences from positive products were analysed using the BLAST algorithm to determine identity. In 7 (31.8%) and 2 (9.1%) bats, WNV and ZIKV were identified, respectively. The bioinformatic analysis showed 98%-100% coverage and identity for both viruses. Molecular evidence of WNV and ZIKV natural infection in bats from Yucatan, Mexico, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Torres-Castro
- Regional Research Center "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Henry Noh-Pech
- Regional Research Center "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | | | | | - César Lugo-Caballero
- Regional Research Center "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Fernando I Puerto
- Regional Research Center "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
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