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Petras JK, Elrod MG, Ty MC, Dawson P, O'Laughlin K, Gee JE, Hanson J, Boutwell C, Ainsworth G, Beesley CA, Saile E, Tiller R, Gulvik CA, Ware D, Sokol T, Balsamo G, Taylor K, Salzer JS, Bower WA, Weiner ZP, Negrón ME, Hoffmaster AR, Byers P. Locally Acquired Melioidosis Linked to Environment - Mississippi, 2020-2023. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:2355-2362. [PMID: 38118023 PMCID: PMC10773590 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2306448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a rare but potentially fatal bacterial disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is typically acquired through contact with contaminated soil or fresh water. Before this investigation, B. pseudomallei was not known to have been isolated from the environment in the continental United States. Here, we report on three patients living in the same Mississippi Gulf Coast county who presented with melioidosis within a 3-year period. They were infected by the same Western Hemisphere B. pseudomallei strain that was discovered in three environmental samples collected from the property of one of the patients. These findings indicate local acquisition of melioidosis from the environment in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Petras
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Mindy G Elrod
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Maureen C Ty
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Patrick Dawson
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Kevin O'Laughlin
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Jay E Gee
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Jennifer Hanson
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Carla Boutwell
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Gail Ainsworth
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Cari A Beesley
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Elke Saile
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Christopher A Gulvik
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Daphne Ware
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Theresa Sokol
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Gary Balsamo
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Kathryn Taylor
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Johanna S Salzer
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - William A Bower
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Zachary P Weiner
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - María E Negrón
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Alex R Hoffmaster
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
| | - Paul Byers
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.K.P., M.G.E., M.C.T., P.D., K.O., J.E.G., C.A.B., E.S., R.T., C.A.G., J.S.S., W.A.B., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.); the Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson (J.H., C.B., G.A., D.W., K.T., P.B.); the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix (C.A.B.); and the Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge (T.S., G.B.)
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Gee JE, Bower WA, Kunkel A, Petras J, Gettings J, Bye M, Firestone M, Elrod MG, Liu L, Blaney DD, Zaldivar A, Raybern C, Ahmed FS, Honza H, Stonecipher S, O'Sullivan BJ, Lynfield R, Hunter M, Brennan S, Pavlick J, Gabel J, Drenzek C, Geller R, Lee C, Ritter JM, Zaki SR, Gulvik CA, Wilson WW, Beshearse E, Currie BJ, Webb JR, Weiner ZP, Negrón ME, Hoffmaster AR. Multistate Outbreak of Melioidosis Associated with Imported Aromatherapy Spray. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:861-868. [PMID: 35235727 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an uncommon infection that is typically associated with exposure to soil and water in tropical and subtropical environments. It is rarely diagnosed in the continental United States. Patients with melioidosis in the United States commonly report travel to regions where melioidosis is endemic. We report a cluster of four non-travel-associated cases of melioidosis in Georgia, Kansas, Minnesota, and Texas. These cases were caused by the same strain of B. pseudomallei that was linked to an aromatherapy spray product imported from a melioidosis-endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay E Gee
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - William A Bower
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Amber Kunkel
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Julia Petras
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Jenna Gettings
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Maria Bye
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Melanie Firestone
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Mindy G Elrod
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Lindy Liu
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - David D Blaney
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Allison Zaldivar
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Chelsea Raybern
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Farah S Ahmed
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Heidi Honza
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Shelley Stonecipher
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Briana J O'Sullivan
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Ruth Lynfield
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Melissa Hunter
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Skyler Brennan
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Jessica Pavlick
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Julie Gabel
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Cherie Drenzek
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Rachel Geller
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Crystal Lee
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Jana M Ritter
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Christopher A Gulvik
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - W Wyatt Wilson
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beshearse
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Jessica R Webb
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Zachary P Weiner
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - María E Negrón
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
| | - Alex R Hoffmaster
- From the Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (J.E.G., W.A.B., J. Petras, M.G.E., L.L., D.D.B., C.A.G., Z.P.W., M.E.N., A.R.H.), the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch (A.K.), and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch (J.M.R., S.R.Z.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (A.K., J. Petras, J. Gettings, M.F., W.W.W., E.B.), and the Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (W.W.W., E.B.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Georgia Department of Public Health (J. Gettings, S.B., J. Pavlick, J. Gabel, C.D.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (R.G.), Atlanta, Public Health District 1-1, Georgia Department of Public Health, Rome (M.H.), and Dekalb County Medical Examiner's Office, Decatur (R.G., C.L.) - all in Georgia; the Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (M.B., M.F., R.L.); the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka (A.Z., C.R., F.S.A.); Public Health Regions 2 and 3, Texas Department of State Health Services, Arlington (H.H., S.S.), and the Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (B.J.O.); and Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT (B.J.C., J.R.W.), and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (J.R.W.) - both in Australia
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