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Fowora MA, Aiyedogbon A, Omolopo I, Tajudeen AO, Olanlege AL, Abioye A, Akintunde GB, Salako BL. Effect of nasal carriage of Bacillus species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0184323. [PMID: 38193730 PMCID: PMC10846055 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01843-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intranasal sprays containing Bacillus species are being researched for treating viral respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity. This was a cross-sectional study that collected nasopharyngeal samples from adults 18 years and above visiting two COVID-19 testing centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2020 and September 2021. Bacillus species were cultured from the samples and confirmed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. The dependent variable was COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. The independent variable was the nasal carriage of Bacillus species. Multinomial regression analysis was done to determine the association between nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity after adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidity status. A total of 388 participants were included in the study with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.05 (13.563) years. Sixty-one percent of the participants were male, 100 (25.8%) had severe COVID-19, 130 (33.5%) had pre-existing comorbidity, and 76 (19.6%) had Bacillus cultured from their nasopharyngeal specimen. Bacillus species presence was significantly associated with higher odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a negative COVID-19 status (AOR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.359, 8.243). However, the presence of Bacillus species was significantly associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a mild COVID-19 status. The study suggests that nasal carriage of Bacillus species is associated with the clinical course of COVID-19 and supports the exploration of Bacillus species in the management of viral respiratory tract infections.IMPORTANCEWith the introduction of intranasal spray containing Bacillus species for the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, identifying the association between the nasal carriage of Bacillus species and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity will help further substantiate the investigation of these bacteria for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the association between the carriage of Bacillus species in the nasopharyngeal tract and COVID-19 severity and found that the presence of Bacillus species in the nasopharynx may significantly impact the clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muinah A. Fowora
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Aiyedogbon
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibilola Omolopo
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed O. Tajudeen
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Lateef Olanlege
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science., Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace B. Akintunde
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde L. Salako
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Orababa OQ, Adesida SA, Peters RF, AbdulGanniyu Z, Olakojo O, Abioye A. Showing the limitations of available phenotypic assays to detect Burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical specimens in Nigeria. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000604.v5. [PMID: 37970086 PMCID: PMC10634492 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000604.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia comprises Gram-negative bacteria that are metabolically complex and versatile, often thriving in hostile settings. Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis, is a prominent member of the genus and a clinical pathogen in tropical and sub-tropical regions. This pathogen is well known for its multidrug resistance and possible bioweapon potential. There is currently no report of the pathogen from clinical specimens in Nigeria, which might be due to misdiagnosis with phenotypic assays. This study aims to explore the accuracy of the use of phenotypic assays to diagnose B. pseudomallei in Nigeria. Two hundred and seventeen clinical samples and 28 Gram-negative clinical isolates were collected and analysed using Ashdown's selective agar and monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination. Species-level identification was achieved using the analytical profile index (API) 20NE system. The susceptibility of the isolates to nine different antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. A total of seventy-four culture-positive isolates were obtained using Ashdown's selective agar. Twenty-two of these isolates were believed to be B. pseudomallei through the monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test and the API 20NE system subsequently identified 14 isolates as Burkholderia . The predominant Burkholderia species was B. cepacia with an isolation rate of 30.8 % (8/26). No isolate was distinctively identified as B. pseudomallei but five isolates were strongly suspected to be B. pseudomallei with similarity indices ranging from 81.9-91.3 %. Other bacterial species with definitive identity include Aeromonas sp., Sphingomonas sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The antibiotic susceptibility results revealed an overall resistance to amoxicillin-clavullanic acid of 71.4 %, to cefepime of 33.3 %, to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 38.1 %, to piperacillin-tazobactam of 33.3 %, to imipenem of 66.7 %, to doxycycline of 57.1% and to ceftazidime of 66.7 %. The highest intermediate resistance was observed for cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam with a value of 66.7 % each, while there was no intermediate resistance for gentamicin, colistin and imipenem. Our findings, therefore, show that phenotypic assays alone are not sufficient in the diagnosis of melioidosis. Additionally, they provide robust support for present and future decisions to expand diagnostic capability for melioidosis beyond phenotypic assays in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Qawiyy Orababa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
- Present address: School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Solayide A. Adesida
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Rebecca F. Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zainab AbdulGanniyu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Olakojo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Adefunke Abioye
- Lagos State Biobank, Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fowora MA, Omolopo IA, Aiyedogbon A, Abioye A, Oladele OE, Tajudeen AO, Ogunniyan T, Olanlege AL, Onyeaghasiri FU, Edu-Muyideen IO, Iwalokun B, Adegbola R, Salako BL. Multidrug-Resistant Kocuria rosea and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Co-Infection in a Nigerian Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e938761. [PMID: 36998203 PMCID: PMC10071551 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.938761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial Infections, especially, of the respiratory system, have been reported as one of the medical concerns in patients with the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly those with multiple co-morbidities. We present a case of a diabetic patient with co-infection of multi-drug-resistant Kocuria rosea and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) who contracted COVID-19. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old man with diabetes presented with symptoms including cough, chest pain, urinary incontinence, respiratory distress, sore throat, fever, diarrhea, loss of taste, and anosmia and was confirmed to have COVID-19. At admission, he was also found to have sepsis. MRSA was isolated in conjunction with another organism, resembling coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, which was misidentified using commercial biochemical testing systems. The strain was finally confirmed to be Kocuria rosea by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both strains were highly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics, but the Kocuria rosea was resistant to all the cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides tested. The use of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin did not improve his condition, which ultimately led to his death. CONCLUSIONS This case report shows that the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria infections can be fatal in patients with COVID-19, especially in patients with other co-morbidities like diabetes. This case report also shows that biochemical testing may be inadequate in identifying emerging bacterial infections and there is a need to include proper bacterial screening and treatment in the management of COVID-19, especially in patients with other co-morbidities and with indwelling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muinah Adenike Fowora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibilola A. Omolopo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Aiyedogbon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adefunke Abioye
- Intensive Care Unit, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi E. Oladele
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Oluwasegun Tajudeen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tope Ogunniyan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Bamidele Iwalokun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Richard Adegbola
- Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Lawal Salako
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Soroh A, Owen L, Rahim N, Masania J, Abioye A, Qutachi O, Goodyer L, Shen J, Laird K. Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2808-2820. [PMID: 34022108 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an essential oil (EO)-loaded textile coating using an environmentally friendly microemulsion technique to achieve both antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functionalities. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentrations of litsea, lemon and rosemary EOs were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum. A 1 : 2 mixture of litsea and lemon EOs inhibited all the microorganisms tested and was incorporated into a chitosan-sodium alginate assembly by a microemulsification process. The EO-loaded microemulsions were applied to cotton and polyester fabrics using a soak-pad-dry method. The textile challenge tests demonstrated 7-8 log10 reductions of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. coli after 24 h and T. rubrum after 48 h. Aedes aegypti mosquito repellency was also assessed which demonstrated 71·43% repellency compared to 52·94% by neat EO-impregnated cotton. CONCLUSIONS Textiles treated with the litsea and lemon EO microemulsion showed strong antimicrobial activity against the skin associated microorganisms E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and T. rubrum and potential mosquito repellent properties. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY EOs could be useful for the development of natural, environmentally friendly functional textiles to protect textiles and users from microbial contamination in addition to possessing other beneficial properties such as mosquito repellency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soroh
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - L Owen
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - N Rahim
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Masania
- Technical Services Mass Spectrometry, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - A Abioye
- Pharmaceutical Technologies Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - O Qutachi
- Pharmaceutical Technologies Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - L Goodyer
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Shen
- Textile Engineering and Materials Research Group, School of Fashion and Textiles, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - K Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Adeleye A, Ayolabi C, Ejike L, Abioye A, Omonigbeyin E. Antimicrobial and toxicological studies of Epa-ijebu. a “wonder – cure” concoction used in south-west, Nigeria. Afr J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/ajid.v3i1.55074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
A case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum associated with rectal amebiasis is presented. This is the first case to be reported. Initially, amebiasis obscured the histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, but incomplete regression following a course of treatment with metronidazole aroused the suspicion of malignancy, which was confirmed on repeat biopsy. A brief review of the features of leiomyosarcoma was also undertaken.
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