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Saretzki CEB, Dobler G, Iro E, Heussen N, Küpper T. Dengue Virus and Zika Virus Seroprevalence in the South Pacific Populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu. Viruses 2024; 16:807. [PMID: 38793688 PMCID: PMC11125989 DOI: 10.3390/v16050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases are serious threats to global health with increasing prevalence and potentially severe complications. Significant arthropod-borne viruses are the dengue viruses (DENV 1-4), the Zika virus (ZIKV), and the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Among the areas most affected is the South Pacific Region (SPR). Here, arboviruses not only cause a high local burden of disease, but the region has also proven to contribute to their global spread. Outpatient serum samples collected between 08/2016 and 04/2017 on three islands of the island states of Vanuatu and the Cook Islands were tested for anti-DENV- and anti-ZIKV-specific antibodies (IgG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). ELISA test results showed 89% of all test sera from the Cook Islands and 85% of the Vanuatu samples to be positive for anti-DENV-specific antibodies. Anti-ZIKV antibodies were identified in 66% and 52%, respectively, of the test populations. Statistically significant differences in standardized immunity levels were found only at the intranational level. Our results show that in both the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, residents were exposed to significant Flavivirus transmission. Compared to other seroprevalence studies, the marked difference between ZIKV immunity levels and previously published CHIKV seroprevalence rates in our study populations is surprising. We propose the timing of ZIKV and CHIKV emergence in relation to recurrent DENV outbreaks and the impact of seasonality as explanatory external factors for this observation. Our data add to the knowledge of arboviral epidemics in the SPR and contribute to a better understanding of virus spread, including external conditions with potential influence on outbreak dynamics. These data may support preventive and rapid response measures in the affected areas, travel-related risk assessment, and infection identification in locals and returning travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. B. Saretzki
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen Technical University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Elizabeth Iro
- Cook Islands Ministry of Health, Rarotonga P.O. Box 109, Cook Islands;
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen Technical University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Küpper
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen Technical University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Faculty for Travel Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 5RJ, UK
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Saba Villarroel PM, Hamel R, Gumpangseth N, Yainoy S, Koomhin P, Missé D, Wichit S. Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011842. [PMID: 38630843 PMCID: PMC11057727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread to five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Given the substantial number of asymptomatic infections and clinical presentations resembling those of other arboviruses, estimating the true burden of ZIKV infections is both challenging and essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies of ZIKV IgG in asymptomatic population to estimate its global impact and distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted extensive searches and compiled a collection of articles published from Jan/01/2000, to Jul/31/2023, from Embase, Pubmed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The random effects model was used to pool prevalences, reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI), a tool to assess the risk of study bias in prevalence studies, and the I2 method for heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023442227). Eighty-four studies from 49 countries/territories, with a diversity of study designs and serological tests were included. The global seroprevalence of ZIKV was 21.0% (95%CI 16.1%-26.4%). Evidence of IgG antibodies was identified in all WHO regions, except for Europe. Seroprevalence correlated with the epidemics in the Americas (39.9%, 95%CI:30.0-49.9), and in some Western Pacific countries (15.6%, 95%CI:8.2-24.9), as well as with recent and past circulation in Southeast Asia (22.8%, 95%CI:16.5-29.7), particularly in Thailand. Additionally, sustained low circulation was observed in Africa (8.4%, 95%CI:4.8-12.9), except for Gabon (43.7%), and Burkina Faso (22.8%). Although no autochthonous transmission was identified in the Eastern Mediterranean, a seroprevalence of 16.0% was recorded. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The study highlights the high heterogeneity and gaps in the distribution of seroprevalence. The implementation of standardized protocols and the development of tests with high specificity are essential for ensuring a valid comparison between studies. Equally crucial are vector surveillance and control methods to reduce the risk of emerging and re-emerging ZIKV outbreaks, whether caused by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus or by the Asian or African ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phanit Koomhin
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kilmarx PH, Goraleski KA, Khan E, Lindo JF, Saravia NG. Building Research Capacity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:417-420. [PMID: 38266289 PMCID: PMC10919184 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research capacity is a critical component of pandemic preparedness, as highlighted by the challenges faced during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Recent global initiatives, such as the Research & Development Task Force of the Global Health Security Agenda and the World Health Assembly's resolution on strengthening clinical trials, emphasize the need for robust research capabilities. This Perspective discusses the experiences of leaders in infectious disease research and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on Colombia, Jamaica, and Pakistan. These case studies underscore the importance of collaborative efforts, interdisciplinary training, and global partnerships in pandemic response. The experiences highlight the necessity for rapid pathogen identification, capacity for genomic sequencing, and proactive engagement with policymakers. Challenges faced, including the shortage of trained staff and reliance on imported reagents, emphasize the ongoing need for building research capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Kilmarx
- Fogarty International Center, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Erum Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - John F. Lindo
- Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nancy Gore Saravia
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Christie CD, Lue AM, Melbourne-Chambers RH. Dengue, chikungunya and zika arbovirus infections in Caribbean children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:155-165. [PMID: 36801979 PMCID: PMC10090388 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dengue, chikungunya and zika have caused significant epidemics in the Caribbean in recent years. This review highlights their impact in Caribbean children. RECENT FINDINGS Dengue has been increasingly intense and severe, seroprevalence is 80-100% in the Caribbean, children have increased attributable morbidity and mortality. Severe dengue, especially dengue with haemorrhage was significantly associated with haemoglobin SC disease and multiple organ-systems involved. These included the gastrointestinal and haematologic systems with extremely high lactate dehydrogenases and creatinine phosphokinases and severely abnormal bleeding indices. Despite appropriate interventions, mortality was highest within the first 48 h of admission. Chikungunya, a togavirus, affected 80% of some Caribbean populations. Paediatric presentations included high fever, skin, joint and neurological manifestations. Children less than 5 years of age had the highest morbidity and mortality. This maiden chikungunya epidemic was explosive and overwhelmed public health systems. Zika, another flavivirus, has a seroprevalence of 15% in pregnancy, so the Caribbean remains susceptible. Paediatric complications include pregnancy losses, stillbirths, Congenital Zika syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and transverse myelitis. Neurodevelopment stimulation programs for zika-exposed infants have been effective in improving language and positive behaviour scores. SUMMARY Caribbean children remain at risk for dengue, chikungunya and zika, with high attributable morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia D.C. Christie
- Department of Child (Pediatrics) and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies
- Department of Child (Pediatrics) and Adolescent Health (Infectious Diseases), University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona
| | | | - Roxanne H. Melbourne-Chambers
- Department of Child (Pediatrics) and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies
- Department of Child (Pediatrics) and Adolescent Health (Neurology), University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Anzinger JJ. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus, Jamaica, and New Tools for Surveillance (Response). Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1737-1738. [PMID: 35876525 PMCID: PMC9328908 DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.221006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Freitas ARR, Pezzi L, Cavalcanti LPG, Simon F. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus, Jamaica, and New Tools for Surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1736-1737. [PMID: 35876531 PMCID: PMC9328933 DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.220558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Lue AM, Richards-Dawson MAEH, Gordon-Strachan GM, Kodilinye SM, Dunkley-Thompson JAT, James-Powell TD, Pryce CA, Mears CD, Anzinger JJ, Webster-Kerr K, Christie CDC. Severity and Outcomes of Dengue in Hospitalized Jamaican Children in 2018-2019 During an Epidemic Surge in the Americas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:889998. [PMID: 35801209 PMCID: PMC9254731 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.889998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In 2019, dengue was among the "top-ten threats to global health," with 3.1 million cases reported from the Americas, the highest ever. Simultaneously, Jamaica reported its largest dengue outbreak in 40 years, following Chikungunya and Zika virus epidemics, in 2014 and 2016-2017, respectively. We describe dengue in children admitted to five hospitals in Jamaica during August 2018 through September 2019. Methods Hospitalized children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years with dengue were managed using PAHO/WHO criteria. Data were extracted from questionnaires, entered into a dataset on Microsoft Excel version 2016, exported to SPSS version 20 and analyzed. Groups were compared using Student's t-test for normally distributed parametric data. Chi-square analysis, or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 339 children, 245 (72.3%) aged 1-10 years, males:females 1:1. Classification was "dengue without warning signs" 53 (15.3%), "dengue with warning signs" 218 (64.3%) and "severe dengue" 68 (20%). Co-morbidities were reported in 88 (26%). Hemoglobin SC disease was associated with severe dengue with hemorrhage (p = 0.005). Organ-system involvement occurred in 334 (98.5%) including gastrointestinal 317 (93.5%), hematologic 311 (91.7%) and musculoskeletal 180 (53.1%). Thirty-nine (11.5%) had 5-7 organ-systems involved. Metabolomics emphasized increased hepatic transaminases 245 (72.3%), lactate dehydrogenase 164 (48.4%) and creatine phosphokinase 84 (24.8%) approaching the high thousands (121,560 u/L), both were markers for severe disease (p < 0.002). Thirteen (3.8%) received intensive care. Dengue was laboratory-confirmed in 220 (78.9%): NS1 antigen-positive (218); RT-PCR-positive (23), with an overlap of NS1 antigen and RT-PCR positive (21); DENV-3 serotype (20). Seventeen (5%) died, 16 (94.1%) had severe dengue and 11 (64.7%) succumbed within 24 to 48 h of admission despite resuscitation and transfusion of blood products. Conclusion Severe dengue with increased attributable mortality occurred in hospitalized children after Jamaica's maiden Zika epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen May Lue
- Bustamante Hospital for Children, Kingston, Jamaica
- Pediatric Residency Program, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Georgiana Marie Gordon-Strachan
- Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- ZIKAction Research Consortium, Fondazione Penta, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Syed Matthew Kodilinye
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua James Anzinger
- ZIKAction Research Consortium, Fondazione Penta, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karen Webster-Kerr
- ZIKAction Research Consortium, Fondazione Penta, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- National Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Celia Dana Claire Christie
- ZIKAction Research Consortium, Fondazione Penta, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Ruiz-Burga E, Bruijning-Verhagen P, Palmer P, Sandcroft A, Fernandes G, de Hoog M, Bryan L, Pierre R, Bailey H, Giaquinto C, Thorne C, Christie CDC. The ZIKApp for detection of potential arbovirus infections and pregnancy complications in pregnant women in Jamaica: a pilot study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e34423. [PMID: 35896029 PMCID: PMC9377438 DOI: 10.2196/34423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ruiz-Burga
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paulette Palmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Annalisa Sandcroft
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Georgina Fernandes
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke de Hoog
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lenroy Bryan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Russell Pierre
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Heather Bailey
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claire Thorne
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia D C Christie
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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