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Elemam NM, Mekky RY, Rashid G, Braoudaki M, Youness RA. Pharmacogenomic and epigenomic approaches to untangle the enigma of IL-10 blockade in oncology. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e1. [PMID: 38186186 PMCID: PMC10941350 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer look at the tumour-immune microenvironment, a complex network and crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells mediated by cytokines, chemokines, exosomal mediators and shed ligands are present. Cytokines such as interleukins can influence all components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), consequently promoting or suppressing tumour invasion based on their secreting source. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an interlocked cytokine that has been associated with several types of malignancies and proved to have paradoxical effects. IL-10 has multiple functions on cellular and non-cellular components within the TME. In this review, the authors shed the light on the regulatory role of IL-10 in the TME of several malignant contexts. Moreover, detailed epigenomic and pharmacogenomic approaches for the regulation of IL-10 were presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Elemam
- Research Instiute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radwa Y. Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram (Manesar) 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Yang X, Liu W. Perspectives on association of genetic polymorphism in Th1/Th2-related cytokines with the risk of oral precancerous lesions. J Dent Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Wei Z, Su X, Hu Q, Huang Y, Li C, Huang X. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220580. [PMID: 37077342 PMCID: PMC10106975 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been demonstrated but with inconsistent conclusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential associations of IL gene polymorphisms and the SCC risk. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Database, WanFang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database databases were searched for articles reporting the correlations of IL-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms with the SCC risk. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using Stata Version 11.2. Meta-regression, sensitivity, and publication bias were analyzed. False-positive reporting probability and Bayesian measure of the false-discovery probability were used to explore the credibility of the calculation. Twenty-three articles were included. The IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism showed a significant correlation with the SCC risk in the overall analysis. Studies pooled by ethnicity revealed that the IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism reduced the SCC risk in the Caucasian population. The results of this study suggest that the IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism may confer a genetic susceptibility to SCC, particularly oral SCC, in Caucasians. However, the IL-10 rs1800896 or IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the SCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Experiment, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Qiurui Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Experiment, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xuanping Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
- Department of Experiment, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
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Liu RY, Li L, Wu T, Zhang ZT. Role of Interleukin-10 Promoter Polymorphisms in Oral Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:390-400. [PMID: 33760670 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter polymorphisms in the risk of oral cancer (OC) remains controversial. The present study aimed to explore the relation between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and the progression of oral cancer by performing meta-analysis. Seven studies with a total of 2141 controls and 1928 cases were included in our analysis. Overall results showed significant associations between IL-10-1082A/G gene polymorphism and OC susceptibility under all five models. However, OC was not significantly related to the IL-10-592A/C or -819 T/C polymorphism (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Liu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Ti Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Investigation of IL-4, IL-10, and HVEM polymorphisms with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study involving 1929 participants. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225960. [PMID: 32744314 PMCID: PMC7419785 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that an individual’s hereditary factors may be involved in the development of esophageal cancer (EC). The present study recruited 721 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 1208 controls and explored the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) genes in contributing to ESCC risk. IL-4, IL-10, and HVEM SNPs were analyzed by employing an SNPscan method. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, age and gender, we identified that the rs2070874 T>C locus in IL-4 gene decreased the risk of ESCC (CC vs. TT: P=0.008; CC vs. TT/TC: P=0.010). After a stratified analysis, we suggested that the IL-4 rs2070874 T>C variants might be a protective factor for ESCC in male, ≥63 years old, never smoking, drinking and BMI < 24 kg/m2 subgroups. In addition, we identified that the rs2243263 G>C polymorphism in IL-4 gene was a risk factor for ESCC development in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 subgroup (GC vs. GG: P=0.030 and GC/CC vs. GG: P=0.018). We identified an association of the IL-4 rs2070874 T>C SNP with the decreased susceptibility of ESCC in stage I/II subgroup. Finally, we found an association of the IL-10 rs1800872 T>G SNP with a worse differentiation (TG vs. TT: P=0.048 and GG/TG vs. TT: P=0.032). In conclusion, the findings indicate a potential importance of IL-4 rs2070874 T>C, IL-4 rs2243263 G>C and IL-10 rs1800872 T>G SNPs in the development of ESCC.
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Yan LR, Lv Z, Jing JJ, Yuan Y, Xu Q. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of whole genes and atrophic gastritis susceptibility:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2021; 782:145543. [PMID: 33667608 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophic gastritis (AG) is one of the important precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are closely related to AG susceptibility. However, the research conclusions on the predictive potential of SNPs are inconsistent. The study aims to retrospect the association between SNPs of whole genes and AG risk by meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Up to April 29, 2020, a systematic literature search for the relationship of SNPs with AG susceptibility was performed utilizing PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The overall and stratified meta-analyses on extracted data were conducted by Stata11.2. RESULTS 33 case-control studies were enrolled containing 9951 AG patients and 17,252 healthy controls, and 17 SNPs in 12 different genes were systematically reviewed. The results indicated that 12 genes could be categorized based on their functions, including immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. For the SNPs in immune response-related genes, the C allele of TLR1 rs4833095 T/C increased AG risk to 1.21-fold and the recessive model of TLR4 rs11536878 in the TLR gene family decreased AG susceptibility to 0.48-fold. The variant alleles of IL-10 rs1800871 (OR = 1.21) and IL-8 rs4073 (OR = 1.22) in the IL gene family were positively associated with AG risk. PSCA rs2294008 enhanced AG risk in all genetic models. SNPs associated with AG susceptibility were mainly focused on immune response-related genes. CONCLUSION These SNPs related to immune response could influence on AG risk and have potential to be AG predictive biomarkers. It is worth noting that the number of studies for each SNPs were insufficient due to the limited published researches and updated meta-analysis needs to be performed based on extensive relevant studies for more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Namazi A, Forat-Yazdi M, Jafari M, Farahnak S, Nasiri R, Foroughi E, Abolbaghaei SM, Neamatzadeh H. ASSOCIATION OF INTERLEUKIN-10 -1082 A/G (RS1800896) POLYMORPHISM WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GASTRIC CANCER: META-ANALYSIS OF 6,101 CASES AND 8,557 CONTROLS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2018; 55:33-40. [PMID: 29561974 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promoter -1082 A/G (rs1800896) polymorphism of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene have been widely reported and considered to have a significant role on gastric cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To clarify the association, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the associations IL-10 -1082 A/G polymorphism with gastric cancer. METHODS Eligible articles were identified by searching databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 03, 2017. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association. RESULTS A total of 30 case-control studies with 6,101 cases and 8,557 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association between IL-10 -1082 A/G polymorphism and gastric cancer risk was observed under the allele model (G vs A: OR=1.305, 95% CI=1.076-1.584; P=0.007), heterozygote model and (GA vs AA: OR=1.252, 95% CI=1.252-1.054; P=0.011) and dominant model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.264, 95% CI=1.053-1.516; P=0.012). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, increased gastric cancer risk were found in Asians under the allele model (G vs A: OR=1.520, 95% CI=1.172-1.973; P=0.002), homozygote model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.571, 95% CI=1.023-2.414; P= 0.039), heterozygote model (GA vs AA: OR=1.465, 95% CI=1.192-1.801; P≤0.001) and dominant model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.448, 95% CI=1.152-1.821; P=0.002), but not among Caucasian and Latinos populations. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the IL-10 -1082 A/G (rs1800896) polymorphism might contribute to the gastric cancer susceptibility, especially among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Namazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Forat-Yazdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Jafari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Farahnak
- Department of Endodontic, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rezvan Nasiri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elnaz Foroughi
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Huang W, Song J, Jia XW, Chen YX, Shi J, Jiang X. Interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with increased head and neck cancer risk but not associated with its clinical stages. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37217-37224. [PMID: 28410223 PMCID: PMC5514904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism with head and neck cancer risk and its clinical stages has been investigated by many published studies, but the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis for further investigation. RESULTS Six case-control studies involving 1,781 head and neck cancer patients and 1,978 controls were yielded. The results indicated an association between rs1800896 polymorphism and increased head and neck risk [odds ratio (95%confidence interval) for G vs. A, GA vs. AA, GG vs. AA, GA+GG vs. AA, and GG vs. AA + GA were 1.63 (1.30-2.04), 3.17 (2.11-4.76), 1.63 (1.17-2.26), 1.73 (1.25-2.39), and 2.73 (1.82-4.09), respectively]. The subgroup analyses all obtained similar results with overall populations. The results of clinical stages yielded a non-significant association. No publication bias was detected. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to December 27, 2016. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted and analyzed the data using the RevMan 5 software. Either a fixed effect or a random effect model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly associated with head and neck cancer risk but not with the clinical stages thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519099, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yin-Xue Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519099, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519099, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou 510800, China
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Chen H, Tang J, Shen N, Ren K. Interleukin 10 gene rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66204-66214. [PMID: 29029504 PMCID: PMC5630404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have uncovered the association of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene rs1800896 polymorphism with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, their conclusions were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the role of IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism in the risk of PCa. 16 eligible studies in 15 articles involving 6,301 cases and 6,510 controls were identified by researching PubMed, Google, CNKI, and EMBASE up to April 1, 2017. Our results revealed that IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of PCa under the homozygous model. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed that rs1800896 polymorphism decreased the risk of PCa among Caucasians. In conclusion, IL-10 gene rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with the decreased risk of PCa. Larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jilei Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong 226200, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
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Kairupan TS, Ibusuki R, Kheradmand M, Sagara Y, Mantjoro EM, Nindita Y, Niimura H, Kuwabara K, Ogawa S, Tsumematsu-Nakahata N, Nerome Y, Owaki T, Matsushita T, Maenohara S, Yamaguchi K, Takezaki T. Interactions between inflammatory gene polymorphisms and HTLV-I infection for total death, incidence of cancer, and atherosclerosis-related diseases among the Japanese population. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:420-427. [PMID: 28576445 PMCID: PMC5565753 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increased risk of total death owing to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection has been reported. However, its etiology and protective factors are unclear. Various studies reported fluctuations in immune-inflammatory status among HTLV-I carriers. We conducted a matched cohort study among the general population in an HTLV-I-endemic region of Japan to investigate the interaction between inflammatory gene polymorphisms and HTLV-I infection for total death, incidence of cancer, and atherosclerosis-related diseases. Method We selected 2180 sub-cohort subjects aged 35–69 years from the cohort population, after matching for age, sex, and region with HTLV-I seropositives. They were followed up for a maximum of 10 years. Inflammatory gene polymorphisms were selected from TNF-α, IL-10, and NF-κB1. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and the interaction between gene polymorphisms and HTLV-I for risk of total death and incidence of cancer and atherosclerosis-related diseases. Results HTLV-I seropositivity rate was 6.4% in the cohort population. The interaction between TNF-α 1031T/C and HTLV-I for atherosclerosis-related disease incidence was statistically significant (p = 0.020). No significant interaction was observed between IL-10 819T/C or NF-κB1 94ATTG ins/del and HTLV-I. An increased HR for total death was observed in the Amami island region, after adjustment of various factors with gene polymorphisms (HR 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–7.77). Conclusion The present study found the interaction between TNF-α 1031T/C and HTLV-I to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis-related disease. Further follow-up is warranted to investigate protective factors against developing diseases among susceptible HTLV-I carriers. We observed death and incidence risk with HTLV-I and SNPs in a matched cohort study. An increased risk for total death with HTLV-I was observed in the island region. Inflammatory SNP interacted with HTLV-I for atherosclerosis-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sefanya Kairupan
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Sagara
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yora Nindita
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Ogawa
- National Health Insurance Yamato Clinic, Yamato, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Nerome
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Owaki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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