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Gerov V, Gerova D, Micheva I, Nikolova M, Mihaylova G, Galunska B. Dynamics of Bone Disease Biomarkers Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4440. [PMID: 37445475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin are essential Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, playing an important role in multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD). We aimed to examine the serum DKK-1 and sclerostin variations in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients at diagnosis and in the course of therapy, including autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study included 41 NDMM-patients and 33 controls. MBD was assessed by whole-body low-dose computed tomography. DKK-1 and sclerostin were assayed by commercial ELISA kits. At diagnosis, NDMM-patients revealed significantly higher DKK-1 and sclerostin values (p < 0.0001), showing dependence on disease stage (lowest in ISS-I and highest in ISS-III: p < 0.0012 and p < 0.025, respectively, for both proteins). Bone lesions revealed significant positive correlation with both DKK-1 (p < 0.05) and sclerostin (p < 0.0001). In the course of therapy, significant reduction, more prominent after ASCT, was observed for both parameters in each treatment point compared to the baseline (p < 0.0001). Markedly lower sclerostin (p < 0.01) and DKK-1 (p < 0.05) values were observed in patients with complete and very good partial response compared to those with partial response, stable, or progressive disease. Sclerostin and DKK-1 in NDMM patients reflect the MBD severity and the effect of therapy. Both proteins could represent a novel tool for better disease monitoring and effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gerov
- Clinic of Hematology, "St. Marina" University Hospital, 9010 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Gerova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Micheva
- Clinic of Hematology, "St. Marina" University Hospital, 9010 Varna, Bulgaria
- Second Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena Nikolova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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2
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Burroughs-Garcia J, Giuliani N. The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054893. [PMID: 36902326 PMCID: PMC10003241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs' fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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3
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Liang T, Wu X, Wang L, Song T, Wu P, Niu Y, Huang H. Correlation of NNMT and DKK1 Protein Expression With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231168073. [PMID: 37114075 PMCID: PMC10126688 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231168073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) play an important role in the development of breast cancer, and the purpose of this study was designed to examine the clinical and prognostic significance of NNMT and DKK1 in breast cancer. Methods The GEPIA2 database was used to evaluate the expression and survival of NNMT mRNA and DKK1 mRNA of breast cancer. Then an immunohistochemical study was carried out on 374 cases of breast tissue to identify the protein expression and significance of NNMT and DKK1. Next, the prognostic significance of DKK1 in breast cancer was explored by COX and Kaplan-Meier models. Results Protein NNMT expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade (P < .05) while protein DKK1 expression was related to tumor size, pT stage, histological grade, and Ki-67 (P < .05). Protein DKK1 was related to disease-specific survival (DSS), and low DKK1 expression indicated a poor prognosis of breast cancer patients (P < .05). Combined expression of protein NNMT and protein DKK1 predicted different prognosis of DSS (P < .05). Conclusions Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and DKK1 were linked to breast cancer malignancy and invasion. Breast cancer patients with low DKK1 expression had a worse prognosis. Oncotypes of NNMT and DKK1 expression predicted patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiuqian Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tiantian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine,
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Peishan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Haihua Huang, Department of Pathology, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou
515000, China.
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4
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite advances in current treatment. Patients with MM exhibit significant variations in their prognosis and survival. Recently, genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal variations and gene mutations, have been increasingly recognized in MM. Therefore, better prognostic indicators of MM are required for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MM. ncRNAs are non-protein-coding transcripts that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Deregulation of ncRNAs affects cell cycle progression, cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The abnormal expression of these ncRNAs is also critical for the pathogenesis of several cancers, including MM. Hence, this review aims to discuss the recent findings on the role of regulatory ncRNAs and evaluate their potential value in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songze Leng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Cui Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Liu W, Ning J, Gu R, Cui Y, Cai L, Xing Y. A novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene signature of predictive value for the survival outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:974614. [PMID: 36185284 PMCID: PMC9521574 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.974614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a remarkably heterogeneous and aggressive disease with dismal prognosis of patients. The identification of promising prognostic biomarkers might enable effective diagnosis and treatment of LUAD. Aberrant activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is required for LUAD initiation, progression and metastasis. With the purpose of identifying a robust EMT-related gene signature (E-signature) to monitor the survival outcomes of LUAD patients. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and cox regression analysis were conducted to acquire prognostic and EMT-related genes. A 4 EMT-related and prognostic gene signature, comprising dickkopf-like protein 1 (DKK1), lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), matrix Gla protein (MGP) and slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), was identified. By the usage of datum derived from TCGA database and Western blotting analysis, compared with adjacent tissue samples, DKK1 and LOXL2 protein expression in LUAD tissue samples were significantly higher, whereas the trend of MGP and SLIT3 expression were opposite. Concurrent with upregulation of epithelial markers and downregulation of mesenchymal markers, knockdown of DKK1 and LOXL2 impeded the migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Simultaneously, MGP and SLIT3 silencing promoted metastasis and induce EMT of LUAD cells. In the TCGA-LUAD set, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that our risk model based on the identified E-signature was superior to those reported in literatures. Additionally, the E-signature carried robust prognostic significance. The validity of prediction in the E-signature was validated by the three independent datasets obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The probabilistic nomogram including the E-signature, pathological T stage and N stage was constructed and the nomogram demonstrated satisfactory discrimination and calibration. In LUAD patients, the E-signature risk score was associated with T stage, N stage, M stage and TNM stage. GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) analysis indicated that the E-signature might be linked to the pathways including GLYCOLYSIS, MYC TARGETS, DNA REPAIR and so on. In conclusion, our study explored an innovative EMT based prognostic signature that might serve as a potential target for personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixue Gu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yaowen Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xing, ; Li Cai,
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xing, ; Li Cai,
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Assessment of Systemic and Maxillary Bone Loss in Cancer Patients with Endo-Periodontal Lesions Using Dkk-1 Biomarker and Dental Radiological Examinations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to correlate systemic bone loss by evaluating human Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1) biomarker compared to horizontal bone loss as well as the presence and size of periapical lesions assessed by dental X-ray (ortopantomography—OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with cancer in the ears, nose and throat (ENT) region vs. healthy controls. The study included 63 subjects divided into a study group of 33 cancer patients with ENT cancer (larynx/oropharynx/sinuses) and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from both groups to assess Dkk-1 level using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The dental radiological examination consisted of a panoramic X-ray and a CBCT in order to appraise the horizontal bone loss, the presence and size of the periapical lesions in 2D vs. 3D images. The panoramic X-ray showed that in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 13.2 mm, with an average of 4.930 ± 3.258 mm, while in the study group, the maximum horizontal bone loss was 11.3 mm, with an average of 5.191 ± 2.109 mm. The CBCT 3D investigation, when compared to the OPT, showed increased values for horizontal bone loss, both in the control group and in the study group; in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 14.10 mm, with an average of 5.736 ± 3.471 mm, and in the study group, the maximum value was 12.40 mm, and the average was again slightly higher (6.152 ± 2.519 mm). The mean value for Dkk-1 in cancer patients was 1.209 ± 0.110 ng/mL, significantly lower than the value observed in healthy patients (1.712 ± 0.100 ng/mL). CBCT revealed higher values for the investigated parameters when compared to panoramic X-rays. Taking into account the preliminary nature of our study, we observed a significant correlation between the level of bone loss recorded by the Dkk-1 biomarker and radiological dental examination in patients with ENT cancer when compared to the control group.
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7
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Jiang H, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Chu HY, Yu S, Yao S, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Drug Discovery of DKK1 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847387. [PMID: 35355709 PMCID: PMC8959454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a well-characterized Wnt inhibitor and component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whose dysregulation is associated with multiple abnormal pathologies including osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and various cancers. The Wnt signaling pathway has fundamental roles in cell fate determination, cell proliferation, and survival; thus, its mis-regulation can lead to disease. Although DKK1 is involved in other signaling pathways, including the β-catenin-independent Wnt pathway and the DKK1/CKAP4 pathway, the inhibition of DKK1 to propagate Wnt/β-catenin signals has been validated as an effective way to treat related diseases. In fact, strategies for developing DKK1 inhibitors have produced encouraging clinical results in different pathological models, and many publications provide detailed information about these inhibitors, which include small molecules, antibodies, and nucleic acids, and may function at the protein or mRNA level. However, no systematic review has yet provided an overview of the various aspects of their development and prospects. Therefore, we review the DKK1 inhibitors currently available or under study and provide an outlook on future studies involving DKK1 and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Jin Y, Liang Y, Su Y, Hui L, Liu H, Ding L, Zhou F. Identification of novel combined biomarkers in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Hematology 2021; 26:964-969. [PMID: 34871540 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.2003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignant disease with a clonal proliferation of plasma cells, and timely surveillance is helpful to improve the survival rate of patients with MM. However, there is a lack of simple and effective biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and residual disease evaluation of MM. MATERIAL & METHODS In the detection cohort, we used the samples from six newly diagnosed MM patients and six control subjects. Plasma proteins were labelled with dimethyl reagents and enriched by lectin AANL6, then the deglycosylated peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS. Differentially expressed proteins were used for further exploration. In the validation cohort, we used 90 newly diagnosed patients with MM and 70 cases of unrelated diseases as controls. The diagnosis performance was analysed by ROC analysis using SPSS. RESULTS In this study, we show, using lectin blots with AANL6, that glycosylation levels were higher in MM patients than in controls. After AANL6 enrichment, we detected 58 differentially expressed proteins using quantitative proteomics. We further validated one candidate Fibulin-1 (FBLN1). Using an Elisa assay, we showed that FBLN1 expression was increased in plasma of 90 cases of MM, and which was significantly correlated with DKK1 expression. ROC analysis showed that these two markers had a 95.7% specificity for determining the diagnosis of MM. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the MM cases display increased glycosylation after AANL6 enrichment and that the combined expression of FBLN1 and DKK1 can be used as an effective diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Jin
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Liang
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Su
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Hui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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DKK1 activates noncanonical NF-κB signaling via IL-6-induced CKAP4 receptor in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3656-3667. [PMID: 34470047 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib (BTZ), represent the key elements in chemotherapy regimens for multiple myeloma (MM), whereas acquired chemoresistance and ultimately relapse remain a major obstacle. In the current study, we screened differently expressed cytokines in bortezomib-resistant MM cells and found that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) level was remarkably augmented, whereas CD138 level was significantly suppressed. DKK1 in vitro specifically enhanced the resistance of myeloma cells to bortezomib treatment, and excessive DKK1 drove CD138 downregulation via inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Notably, DKK1 mainly induced drug resistance in MM cells via the receptor of CKAP4. Mechanistically, CKAP4 transduced DKK1 signal and evoked NF-κB pathway through recruiting and preventing cullin associated and neddylation dissociated 1 from hampering the assembly of E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination of IκBα. In addition, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated CKAP4 expression to generate drug resistance, and disturbance of DKK1-CKAP4 axis improved sensitivity to BTZ treatment of MM and attenuated bone destruction in a mouse model. Collectively, our study revealed the previously unidentified role of DKK1 in myeloma drug resistance via Wnt signaling dependent and independent manners, and clarified the importance of antagonism of DKK1-IL-6 loop in bone marrow microenvironment.
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10
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Dickkopf Proteins and Their Role in Cancer: A Family of Wnt Antagonists with a Dual Role. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080810. [PMID: 34451907 PMCID: PMC8400703 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates crucial aspects such as cell fate determination, cell polarity and organogenesis during embryonic development. Wnt pathway deregulation is a hallmark of several cancers such as lung, gastric and liver cancer, and has been reported to be altered in others. Despite the general agreement reached by the scientific community on the oncogenic potential of the central components of the pathway, the role of the antagonist proteins remains less clear. Deregulation of the pathway may be caused by overexpression or downregulation of a wide range of antagonist proteins. Although there is growing information related to function and regulation of Dickkopf (DKK) proteins, their pharmacological potential as cancer therapeutics still has not been fully developed. This review provides an update on the role of DKK proteins in cancer and possible potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer; available compounds in pre-clinical or clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Giannakoulas N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. The Role of Marrow Microenvironment in the Growth and Development of Malignant Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094462. [PMID: 33923357 PMCID: PMC8123209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology of University Hospital of Larisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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12
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A Robust Circular RNA-Associated Three-Gene Prognostic Signature for Patients with Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6633289. [PMID: 33969120 PMCID: PMC8084642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNAs remain poorly elucidated in gastric cancer (GC). The main purpose of present study is to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism by constructing a circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and further establish a robust prognostic signature for patients with GC. Based on expression data of circRNA, microRNA, and mRNA derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, a circRNA-associated ceRNA network, containing 15 cirRNAs, 9 microRNAs, and 35 mRNAs, was constructed using the Starbase database. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the ceRNA network might be involved in many cancer-related pathways, such as regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mesodermal cell differentiation, and focal adhesion. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on genes within the circRNA-associated ceRNA network. We found that six of ten hub genes within the PPI network were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Thus, using the LASSO method, we constructed a three-gene prognostic signature based on TCGA-GC cohort, which could classify GC patients into low-risk and high-risk groups with significant difference in OS (HR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.14‐3.2, and log-rank p = 0.001). The prognostic performance of the three-gene signature was verified in GSE15459 (HR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.27‐3.0, and log − rank p = 2.2E − 05) and GSE84437 (HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.17‐2.0, and log − rank p = 6.3E − 04). Multivariate Cox analysis further revealed that the three-gene prognostic signature could serve as an independent risk factor for OS. Taken together, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in GC progression. Furthermore, a robust prognostic signature is meaningful to facilitate individualized treatment for patients with GC.
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13
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El-Mahdy RI, Zakhary MM, Maximous DW, Mokhtar AA, El Dosoky MI. Circulating osteocyte-related biomarkers (vitamin D, sclerostin, dickkopf-1), hepcidin, and oxidative stress markers in early breast cancer: Their impact in disease progression and outcome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105773. [PMID: 33065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major concern to female health worldwide. We assessed the circulating osteocyte-related biomarkers, hepcidin, and oxidative stress status among early-stage BC patients in aspects of clinical severity and impact on the outcome. The study incorporated 73 patients categorized into 57 early-stage BC and 16 benign breast diseases and 30 healthy controls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], sclerostin (SOST), dickkopf-1(DKK1), and hepcidin were measured using ELISA, while, serum oxidative stress markers were assessed by spectrophotometry. Our results show that patients with BC showed significant increase in the mean levels of DKK1, SOST, hepcidin, and LPER and significant decrease in the mean levels of 25(OH)D, SOD, GPx, and Hb when compared with controls and benign breast diseases. Significantly higher DKK1, hepcidin, and SOD levels among benign breast diseases were found in comparison to control group. There were significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D, SOD, and Hb and significantly higher levels of SOST, DKK1, hepcidin, No, and LPER with advanced grade. Lower levels of 25(OH)D, SOD and higher levels of SOST, hepcidin were observed with increasing the malignant stage. Reduced levels of 25(OH)D, and SOD were significantly associated with poor prognosis and were strong predictors among BC. There were significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D with LPER, SOST, and hepicidin. We conclude that low 25(OH)D, high SOST, DKK1, and hepcidin, and dysregulated oxidative stress could be helpful in early detection and assessment of BC. 25(OH)D, and SOD were the most relevant to tumor progression and prognosis which indicate a significant role in the BC pathogenesis and could be promising targets in management. Our research paves the way to disrupt vicious circle between these biomarkers to obtain the best care of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham I El-Mahdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
| | - Madeha M Zakhary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Doaa W Maximous
- Department of Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mokhtar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I El Dosoky
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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14
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Li J, Gao Y, Yue W. The Clinical Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Dickkopf-1 in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4253-4260. [PMID: 32606922 PMCID: PMC7292247 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway extensively participates in diverse processes such as embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a Wnt inhibitor, plays a vital role for over the past decades regarding its role in the regulation of several types of cancers. However, studies have shown that DKK1 is expressed differently in cancer and plays a role as a cancer-promoting factor or a tumor suppressor, which is worthy of further exploration. We herein study whether DKK1 is highly expressed in all cancers and plays a crucial role in promoting cancer. Furthermore, we discussed as to which stages of cancer development it plays in. Finally, the present detection methods were introduced and indicated the clinical application of DKK1 in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu Z, Liu H, He J, Lin P, Tong Q, Yang J. Myeloma cells shift osteoblastogenesis to adipogenesis by inhibiting the ubiquitin ligase MURF1 in mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/633/eaay8203. [PMID: 32457115 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The suppression of bone formation is a hallmark of multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells inhibit osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can also differentiate into adipocytes. We investigated myeloma-MSC interactions and the effects of such interactions on the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes or osteoblasts using single-cell RNA sequencing, in vitro coculture, and subcutaneous injection of MSCs and myeloma cells into mice. Our results revealed that the α4 integrin subunit on myeloma cells stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) on MSCs, leading to the activation of protein kinase C β1 (PKCβ1) signaling and repression of the muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MURF1)-mediated ubiquitylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2). Stabilized PPARγ2 proteins enhanced adipogenesis and consequently reduced osteoblastogenesis from MSCs, thus suppressing bone formation in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal that suppressed bone formation is a direct consequence of myeloma-MSC contact that promotes the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes at the expense of osteoblasts. Thus, this study provides a potential strategy for treating bone resorption in patients with myeloma by counteracting tumor-MSC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancy, Research Institute Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancy, Research Institute Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Center for Hematologic Malignancy, Research Institute Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Abstract
As an antagonist for the WNT signal passway, dickkopf-1(DKK1) have a great important role in the occurence and development of various type cancer. The present paper performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive significance of DKK1 in cancer.To assess the relationship between the expression of DKK1 and prognostic role in human cancers, a total of 16 articals were screened from the multiple online databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, CNKI, Web of Science and Google Scholar) in our study. By using the STATA soft,pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence were used to evaluate the strength of this relationship.The meta-analysis showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter OS in cancer patients. In stratified analyzes, the higher expression of DKK1 could reduced the OS in patients with breast cancer,digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer, but not patients with the lung cancer. It also showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence in cancer patients.The present study indicate that higher expression of DKK1 predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer, digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Huang
- Department of general medicine of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
| | - Tao Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medcine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenbing Kuang
- Department of laboratory of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
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17
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Niu J, Li XM, Wang X, Liang C, Zhang YD, Li HY, Liu FY, Sun H, Xie SQ, Fang D. DKK1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion through suppression of β-catenin/MMP7 signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31285694 PMCID: PMC6591985 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DKK1 has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of DKK1 inhibits breast cancer migration and invasion was still unclear. Methods Western blot and real time PCR was used to detect the expression of DKK1, β-catenin and MMP7 in breast cancer cells. Wound scratch assay and transwell assay was employed to examine migration and invasion of breast cancer cell. Results DKK1 overexpression dramatically inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of DKK1 promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. DKK1 suppressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion through suppression of β-catenin and MMP7 expression. XAV-939, an inhibitor of β-catenin accumulation could reverse DKK1 silencing-induced MMP7 expression in breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, XAV-939 also could reverse the increase in the cell number invaded through Matrigel when DKK1 was knockdown. Furthermore, depletion of MMP7 also could reverse DKK1 knockdown-induced increase in the cell number invaded through Matrigel. Conclusions DKK1 inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cell through suppression of β-catenin/MMP7 pathway, our findings offered a potential alternative for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xiao-Meng Li
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Chao Liang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Hua Sun
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China.,2Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Dong Fang
- 1Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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