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Moss E, Taylor A, Andreou A, Ang C, Arora R, Attygalle A, Banerjee S, Bowen R, Buckley L, Burbos N, Coleridge S, Edmondson R, El-Bahrawy M, Fotopoulou C, Frost J, Ganesan R, George A, Hanna L, Kaur B, Manchanda R, Maxwell H, Michael A, Miles T, Newton C, Nicum S, Ratnavelu N, Ryan N, Sundar S, Vroobel K, Walther A, Wong J, Morrison J. British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) ovarian, tubal and primary peritoneal cancer guidelines: Recommendations for practice update 2024. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 300:69-123. [PMID: 39002401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moss
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Adrian Andreou
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - Christine Ang
- Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK
| | - Rupali Arora
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London NHS Trust, 60 Whitfield Street, London W1T 4E, UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca Bowen
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - Lynn Buckley
- Beverley Counselling & Psychotherapy, 114 Holme Church Lane, Beverley, East Yorkshire HU17 0PY, UK
| | - Nikos Burbos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | | | - Richard Edmondson
- Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Frost
- Gynaecological Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Bath BA1 3NG, UK; University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Raji Ganesan
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Louise Hanna
- Department of Oncology, Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF14 2TL, UK
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- North West London Pathology (NWLP), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust, UK
| | - Hillary Maxwell
- Dorset County Hospital, Williams Avenue, Dorchester, Dorset DT1 2JY, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX and University of Surrey, School of Biosciences, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Tracey Miles
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - Claire Newton
- Gynaecology Oncology Department, St Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Shibani Nicum
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Ryan
- The Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair (IRR), 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter City, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sudha Sundar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham and Pan Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Katherine Vroobel
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Marsden Foundation NHS Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Axel Walther
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jason Wong
- Department of Histopathology, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich Hospital, Heath Road, Ipswich IP4 5PD, UK
| | - Jo Morrison
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, GRACE Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton TA1 5DA, UK.
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Sideris M, Menon U, Manchanda R. Screening and prevention of ovarian cancer. Med J Aust 2024; 220:264-274. [PMID: 38353066 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with 314 000 cases and 207 000 deaths annually worldwide. Ovarian cancer cases and deaths are predicted to increase in Australia by 42% and 55% respectively by 2040. Earlier detection and significant downstaging of ovarian cancer have been demonstrated with multimodal screening in the largest randomised controlled trial of ovarian cancer screening in women at average population risk. However, none of the randomised trials have demonstrated a mortality benefit. Therefore, ovarian cancer screening is not currently recommended in women at average population risk. More frequent surveillance for ovarian cancer every three to four months in women at high risk has shown good performance characteristics and significant downstaging, but there is no available information on a survival benefit. Population testing offers an emerging novel strategy to identify women at high risk who can benefit from ovarian cancer prevention. Novel multicancer early detection biomarker, longitudinal multiple marker strategies, and new biomarkers are being investigated and evaluated for ovarian cancer screening. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) decreases ovarian cancer incidence and mortality and is recommended for women at over a 4-5% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Pre-menopausal women without contraindications to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) undergoing RRSO should be offered HRT until 51 years of age to minimise the detrimental consequences of premature menopause. Currently risk-reducing early salpingectomy and delayed oophorectomy (RRESDO) should only be offered to women at increased risk of ovarian cancer within the context of a research trial. Pre-menopausal early salpingectomy is associated with fewer menopausal symptoms and better sexual function than bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbria (SEE-FIM) protocol should be used for histopathological assessment in women at high risk of ovarian cancer who are undergoing surgical prevention. Opportunistic salpingectomy may be offered at routine gynaecological surgery to all women who have completed their family. Long term prospective opportunistic salpingectomy studies are needed to determine the effect size of ovarian cancer risk reduction and the impact on menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Sideris
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Ren S, Zeng G, Yi Y, Liu L, Tu H, Chai T, Hu L. Combinations of plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers are promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20851. [PMID: 37860559 PMCID: PMC10582504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and integrity as noninvasive biomarkers play an important role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. However, few studies have been conducted on the combination of plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers (CEA, CA125, NSE and CYFRA21-1) for cancer detection. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of combining plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers in early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Plasma cfDNA concentration from 50 healthy controls and 84 NSCLC patients were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR of ALU repeated sequence. Plasma cfDNA integrity was calculated as the ratio of long to short fragments (ALU115/60). Results Plasma cfDNA concentration (ALU60 and ALU115) and integrity ALU115/60 were significantly higher in NSCLC patients with stage III/IV than in healthy controls (p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0093, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for discriminating NSCLC patients from healthy controls had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.936 (95 % CI, 0.939-0.996). Moreover, the combination of plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers (CEA, CA125, NSE and CYFRA21-1) had higher diagnostic performance than either plasma cfDNA concentration alone, integrity alone or tumor markers alone, with sensitivity, specificity and AUC value of 94.05%, 90.00% and 0.968, respectively. These results demonstrated that the combination of plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers could significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of NSCLC. Conclusion Combination of plasma cfDNA concentration, integrity and tumor markers is a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Guichuan Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Jian She Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuling Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingjia Chai
- Endocrine Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyi Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
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Plasma Cell-Free DNA as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203248. [PMID: 36291116 PMCID: PMC9600586 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with a high rate of mortality worldwide. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), mainly originating from apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion, has been recognized as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple cancers, whereas there are no reports about cfDNA in CVDs. Here, we found an increased quantity and decreased integrity of cfDNA (cfDI) in the serum from AS patients compared with normal controls. Moreover, the reduced cfDI is inversely correlated with serum LDL levels, carotid plaque size, and carotid plaque thickness in the progression of AS. Consistently, in vivo experiments confirmed that the release and cleavage of cfDNA were increased concomitantly with the development and progression of AS in ApoE−/− mice. Our study sheds light on the potential of cfDNA and cfDI as molecular biomarkers for detecting and monitoring AS.
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Hu D, Guo E, Yang B, Qin X, Fu Y, Fan J, Zhuang X, Yao Q, Lu F, Li W, Xiao R, Wu X, Yang X, Wang Z, Liu C, You L, Zang R, Zhou Q, Zhao W, Chen G, Sun C. Mutation profiles in circulating cell‐free
DNA
predict acquired resistance to Olaparib in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2849-2861. [PMID: 35661486 PMCID: PMC9357630 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dianxing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xucui Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Department of Medical Science Shanghai AccuraGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Funian Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zizhuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lixin You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Chongqing China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital Hefei China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Shaban S, Al‑Rahim A, Suleiman A. ALU repeat as potential molecular marker in the detection and prognosis of different cancer types: A systematic review. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:86. [PMID: 35251637 PMCID: PMC8892463 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue worldwide. cfDNA integrity has been reported as a potential diagnostic molecular marker for different types of cancer, identifying the importance of liquid biopsy. The aim of this review was to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic performance of Arthrobacter luteus (ALU) repeat in tumor. Following a thorough review of the literature published from January, 2000 to September 2021, 36 studies were included. All of the study descriptions were analyzed. According to several studies, there were increased concentrations of ALU repetitive elements in cancer patients, while these concentrations were decreased in control, benign, different cancer stage, and other diseases. The total ALU (115 and 247) sequence levels are potential biomarkers for the purpose of investigations and cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaa Shaban
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Saladin 34001, Iraq
| | - Aya Al‑Rahim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al‑Nahrain University, Baghdad 64074, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Suleiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Science College, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 46006, Iraq
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Can Circulating Cell-Free DNA or Circulating Tumor DNA Be a Promising Marker in Ovarian Cancer? JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6627241. [PMID: 33936202 PMCID: PMC8062166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the studies on ovarian cancer have made great progress, but the morbidity and mortality of patients with ovarian cancer are still very high. Due to the lack of effective early screening and detecting tools, 70% of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The overall survival rate of ovarian cancer patients treated with surgical combined with chemotherapy has not been significantly improved, and they usually relapse or resist chemotherapy. Therefore, a novel tumor marker is beneficial for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. As the index of "liquid biopsy," circulating cell-free DNA/circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA/ctDNA) has attracted a lot of attention. It has more remarkable advantages than traditional methods and gives a wide range of clinical applications in kinds of solid tumors. This review attempts to illuminate the important value of cfDNA/ctDNA in ovarian cancer, including diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. Meanwhile, we will present future directions and challenges for detection of cfDNA/ctDNA.
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