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Dellavechia de Carvalho C, Marcolino Putti G, Figueiredo Foresti Y, Alves Ribeiro F, Causin Andreossi J, Ferraz de Campos G, Papoti M. Recovery in normobaric hypoxia as an additional stimulus for high-intensity intermittent training. Sci Sports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Teległów A, Mardyła M, Myszka M, Pałka T, Maciejczyk M, Bujas P, Mucha D, Ptaszek B, Marchewka J. Effect of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Selected Biochemical Indicators, Blood Rheological Properties, and Metabolic Activity of Erythrocytes in Rowers. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101513. [PMID: 36290417 PMCID: PMC9598061 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed the effect of 3-week intermittent hypoxic training on blood biochemical indicators (blood morphology, fibrinogen), blood rheological properties (erythrocyte deformability, aggregation), erythrocyte enzymatic activity (acetylcholinesterase), and maximal oxygen uptake in competitive rowers. Fourteen male rowers were divided into two equal groups: experimental, training on ergometers under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.0%), and control, training on ergometers under normoxia (FiO2 = 21%). Fasting blood was taken before and after training. A significant between-group difference in neutrophil levels before training was noted and a significant decrease in white blood cells in the hypoxia group. Both groups exhibited an increase in elongation index. In the normoxia group, a significant increase in erythrocyte aggregation amplitude was revealed. No significant changes occurred in the other biochemical indicators or those evaluating erythrocyte metabolic activity. Normobaric hypoxia increased erythrocyte deformability, improving blood rheological properties. Maximal oxygen uptake significantly increased only in the experimental group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Teległów
- Department of Health Promotion, Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Mardyła
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Pałka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bujas
- Department of Sports Theory and Anthropomotorics, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Mucha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Ptaszek
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Marchewka
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traumatology, Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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Zhong Z, Dong H, Wu Y, Zhou S, Li H, Huang P, Tian H, Li X, Xiao H, Yang T, Xiong K, Zhang G, Tang Z, Li Y, Fan X, Yuan C, Ning J, Li Y, Xie J, Li P. Remote ischemic preconditioning enhances aerobic performance by accelerating regional oxygenation and improving cardiac function during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:950086. [PMID: 36160840 PMCID: PMC9500473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.950086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may improve exercise performance. However, the influence of RIPC on aerobic performance and underlying physiological mechanisms during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure remains relatively uncertain. Here, we systematically evaluated the potential performance benefits and underlying mechanisms of RIPC during HH exposure. Seventy-nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive sham intervention or RIPC (4 × 5 min occlusion 180 mm Hg/reperfusion 0 mm Hg, bilaterally on the upper arms) for 8 consecutive days in phases 1 (24 participants) and phase 2 (55 participants). In the phases 1, we measured the change in maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max) and muscle oxygenation (SmO2) on the leg during a graded exercise test. We also measured regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) on the forehead. These measures and physiological variables, such as cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability index, were used to evaluate the intervention effect of RIPC on the changes in bodily functions caused by HH exposure. In the phase 2, plasma protein mass spectrometry was then performed after RIPC intervention, and the results were further evaluated using ELISA tests to assess possible mechanisms. The results suggested that RIPC intervention improved VO2max (11.29%) and accelerated both the maximum (18.13%) and minimum (53%) values of SmO2 and rSO2 (6.88%) compared to sham intervention in hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters (SV, SVRI, PPV% and SpMet%) and the heart rate variability index (Mean RR, Mean HR, RMSSD, pNN50, Lfnu, Hfnu, SD1, SD2/SD1, ApEn, SampEn, DFA1and DFA2) were evaluated. Protein sequence analysis showed 42 unregulated and six downregulated proteins in the plasma of the RIPC group compared to the sham group after HH exposure. Three proteins, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), and heat shock protein-90 (HSP90), were significantly altered in the plasma of the RIPC group before and after HH exposure. Our data demonstrated that in acute HH exposure, RIPC mitigates the decline in VO2max and regional oxygenation, as well as physiological variables, such as cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters and the heart rate variability index, by influencing plasma Tβ4, HSP70, and HSP90. These data suggest that RIPC may be beneficial for acute HH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaijun Tian
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaolin Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Xie, ; Peng Li,
| | - Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Xie, ; Peng Li,
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Hypoxia and hemorheological properties in older individuals. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101650. [PMID: 35597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is caused by insufficient oxygen availability for the organism leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and cells. It has been regarded as a severe threat to human health and it is indeed implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development and progression of many diseases. Nevertheless, the potential of controlled hypoxia interventions (i.e. hypoxia conditioning) for improving cardio-vascular health is gaining increased attention. However, blood rheology is often a forgotten factor for vascular health while aging and hypoxia exposure are both suspected to alter hemorheological properties. These changes in blood rheology may influence the benefits-risks balance of hypoxia exposure in older individuals. The benefits of hypoxia exposure for vascular health are mainly reported for healthy populations and the combined impact of aging and hypoxia on blood rheology could therefore be deleterious in older individuals. This review discusses evidence of hypoxia-related and aging-related changes in blood viscosity and its determinants. It draws upon an extensive literature search on the effects of hypoxia/altitude and aging on blood rheology. Aging increases blood viscosity mainly through a rise in plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and a decrease in RBC deformability. Hypoxia also causes an increase in RBC aggregation and plasma viscosity. In addition, hypoxia exposure may increase hematocrit and modulate RBC deformability, depending on the hypoxic dose, i.e, beneficial effect of intermittent hypoxia with moderate dose vs deleterious effect of chronic continuous or intermittent hypoxia or if the hypoxic dose is too high. Special attention is directed toward the risks vs. benefits of hemorheological changes during hypoxia exposure in older individuals, and its clinical relevance for vascular disorders.
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Lang M, Mendt S, Paéz V, Gunga HC, Bilo G, Merati G, Parati G, Maggioni MA. Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Response to Sub-Maximal Exercise in Chilean Hypertensive Miners. Front Physiol 2022; 13:846891. [PMID: 35492599 PMCID: PMC9043845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic modulation in workers exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been poorly studied, especially considering hypertensive ones. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been proven as valuable tool to assess cardiac autonomic modulation under different conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiac autonomic response related to submaximal exercise (i.e., six-minute walk test, 6MWT) in hypertensive (HT, n = 9) and non-hypertensive (NT, n = 10) workers exposed for > 2 years to CIH. Participants worked on 7-on 7-off days shift between high altitude (HA: > 4.200 m asl) and sea level (SL: < 500 m asl). Data were recorded with electrocardiography (ECG) at morning upon awakening (10 min supine, baseline), then at rest before and after (5 min sitting, pre and post) the 6MWT, performed respectively on the first day of their work shift at HA, and after the second day of SL sojourn. Heart rate was higher at HA in both groups for each measurement (p < 0.01). Parasympathetic indices of HRV were lower in both groups at HA, either in time domain (RMSSD, p < 0.01) and in frequency domain (log HF, p < 0.01), independently from measurement's time. HRV indices in non-linear domain supported the decrease of vagal tone at HA and showed a reduced signal's complexity. ECG derived respiration frequency (EDR) was higher at HA in both groups (p < 0.01) with interaction group x altitude (p = 0.012), i.e., higher EDR in HT with respect to NT. No significant difference was found in 6MWT distance regarding altitude for both groups, whereas HT covered a shorter 6MWT distance compared to NT (p < 0.05), both at HA and SL. Besides, conventional arm-cuff blood pressure and oxygen blood saturation values (recorded before, at the end and after 5-min recovery from 6MWT), reported differences related to HA only. HA is the main factor affecting cardiac autonomic modulation, independently from hypertension. However, presence of hypertension was associated with a reduced physical performance independently from altitude, and with higher respiratory frequency at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morin Lang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Human Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Stefan Mendt
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Paéz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Human Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hanns-Christian, Gunga
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Bilo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- IRCCS Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Metabolic, Cardiac, and Hemorheological Responses to Submaximal Exercise under Light and Moderate Hypobaric Hypoxia in Healthy Men. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010144. [PMID: 35053141 PMCID: PMC8772706 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The lower atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen under hypobaric hypoxia decreases oxygen saturation and arteriovenous oxygen difference. Exercise under hypoxia decreases arterial oxygen saturation, which reduces the ability to deliver oxygen to active muscles and consequently worsens aerobic capacity and exercise performance. Previous studies on metabolic and cardiac responses to submaximal exercise under hypoxia have been well documented, but information on hemorheological responses is relatively insufficient. In this regard, a review of hemorheological responses to exercise under hypoxia could provide further information on reduced aerobic capacity and exercise performance caused by acute hypoxia. We conducted a randomized crossover trial to compare the effects of acute exercise under light and moderate hypobaric hypoxia versus normoxia on metabolic parameters, cardiac function, and hemorheological properties in healthy men. The main findings of our study revealed that endurance submaximal exercise under light (596 mmHg, simulated 2000 m) and moderate (526 mmHg, simulated 3000 m) hypoxia induced greater metabolic and cardiac responses than exercise under normoxia. However, exercise under hypobaric hypoxia did not affect hemorheological properties, including erythrocyte deformability and aggregation. These results can be used as basic data for understanding hemorheological responses in light and moderate hypobaric hypoxia. Abstract We compared the effects of metabolic, cardiac, and hemorheological responses to submaximal exercise under light hypoxia (LH) and moderate hypoxia (MH) versus normoxia (N). Ten healthy men (aged 21.3 ± 1.0 years) completed 30 min submaximal exercise corresponding to 60% maximal oxygen uptake at normoxia on a cycle ergometer under normoxia (760 mmHg), light hypoxia (596 mmHg, simulated 2000 m altitude), and moderate hypoxia (526 mmHg, simulated 3000 m altitude) after a 30 min exposure in the respective environments on different days, in a random order. Metabolic parameters (oxygen saturation (SPO2), minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide excretion, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate), cardiac function (heart rate (HR), stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction), and hemorheological properties (erythrocyte deformability and aggregation) were measured at rest and 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after exercise. SPO2 significantly reduced as hypoxia became more severe (MH > LH > N), and blood lactate was significantly higher in the MH than in the LH and N groups. HR significantly increased in the MH and LH groups compared to the N group. There was no significant difference in hemorheological properties, including erythrocyte deformability and aggregation. Thus, submaximal exercise under light/moderate hypoxia induced greater metabolic and cardiac responses but did not affect hemorheological properties.
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Buono M, Rostomily K. Acute normobaric hypoxia does not increase blood or plasma viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:461-464. [PMID: 33935068 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been reported that chronic hypoxia increases blood viscosity. The increase is usually attributed to polycythemia-induced increases in hematocrit. However, the effect of acute hypoxia in humans on blood viscosity is unknown. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, on blood and plasma viscosity. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers breathed room air for 30 min, followed by 30 min of breathing 15% oxygen. Blood samples were collected at the end of both the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit were measured in each sample. RESULTS The mean±SD hemoglobin oxygen saturation significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 98±1% during normoxia to 87±2% during hypoxia. Hematocrit was essentially identical for the two conditions (42.1% vs. 42.0%). Blood viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 2.89±0.17 cP during normoxia and 2.83±0.19 cP during hypoxia. Likewise, plasma viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 1.19±0.04 cP during normoxia and 1.19±0.05 cP during hypoxia. CONCLUSION Such results suggest that acute normobaric hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, does not increase blood or plasma viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buono
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Rostomily
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, CA, USA
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Demirhan B, Günay M, Canuzakov K, Kılıç M, Güzelbektes H, Patlar S. Seasonal evaluation of skeletal muscle damage and hematological and biochemical parameters of Greco-Roman wrestlers from the Kyrgyzstan National Team before the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 33:701-709. [PMID: 31743985 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise activities affect blood cells. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal evaluation of some hematological and biochemical parameters of the Olympic Greco-Roman wrestlers. METHODS A total of three measurements were performed on wrestlers: immediately before the training period, three months and six months after the training session. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by taking sufficient blood samples from the athletes before and after exercise. RESULTS The total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil values were found to be significantly higher (p< 0.05) in all three measures (beginning, 3rd and 6th months) in comparison with the values before exercise. When biochemical analyses were examined, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after exercise in all three measures compared to before exercise. Post-exercise HDL cholesterol concentrations significantly increased (p< 0.05) while LDL cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION On all three measures fatigue exercise has significantly increased the total leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil values of wrestlers, while other, hematological parameters were not affected evenly. Fatigue exercise also significantly reduced blood glucose levels and LDL cholesterol concentrations, while HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased. The six-month period training did not have a significant effect on both hematologic and biochemical parameters in all three measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Demirhan
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bartın University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Günay
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, Turkey
| | - Kanat Canuzakov
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Mehmet Kılıç
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Selçuk University, Turkey
| | - Hasan Güzelbektes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Nam SS, Park HY. Effects of endurance exercise under hypoxia on acid-base and ion balance in healthy males. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:7-12. [PMID: 33108712 PMCID: PMC7669468 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise in healthy males under normoxia, moderate hypoxia, and severe hypoxia. [Methods] Ten healthy Korean males completed three different trials on different days, comprising exercise under normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%, N trial), moderate hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%, MH trial), and severe hypoxia (FiO2 = 12.8%, SH trial). They undertook endurance exercise for 30 min on a cycle ergometer at the same relative exercise intensity equivalent to 80% maximal heart rate under all conditions. Capillary blood samples were obtained to determine acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise. [Results] Exercise-induced blood lactate elevations were significantly increased as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P = 0.003). After exercise, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the SH trial than in the N and MH trials (P = 0.001). Capillary oxygen saturation (SCO2) levels were significantly lowered as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P < 0.001). The pH levels were significantly lower in the MH trial than that in the N trial (P = 0.010). Moreover, HCO3- levels were significantly lower in the SH trial than in the N trial, with significant interaction (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in blood Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels between the trials. [Conclusion] MH and SH trials induced greater differences in glucose, lactate, SCO2, pH, and HCO3- levels in capillary blood compared to the N trial. Additionally, lactate, SCO2, and HCO3- levels showed greater changes in the SH trial than in the MH trial. However, there were no significant differences in Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels in MH and SH trials compared to the N trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seok Nam
- Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science of Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Jung K, Kim J, Park HY, Jung WS, Lim K. Hypoxic Pilates Intervention for Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197186. [PMID: 33008106 PMCID: PMC7579144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Pilates training under hypoxia, a novel treatment method, for obesity. Thirty-two Korean women with obesity (age: 34–60 (47.5 ± 7.5) years) were randomly assigned to control (CON; n = 10), normoxic Pilates training (NPTG; n = 10), and hypoxic Pilates training groups (HPTG; n = 12). The NPTG and HPTG performed 50 min of Pilates training using a tubing band for 12 weeks (3 days/week) in their respective environmental conditions (NPTG: normoxic condition, inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) = 20.9%; HPTG: moderate hypoxic condition, FiO2 = 14.5%). The CON maintained their daily lifestyle without intervention. All subjects underwent body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vascular endothelial function, cardiometabolic biomarker, hemorheological function, and aerobic performance measurements before and after the intervention. The HPTG showed a significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, flow-mediated dilation, and erythrocyte deformability and aggregation (all p < 0.05) compared with the CON and NPTG. However, compared with the CON and NPTG, the HPTG did not show improvement in other parameters. Hypoxic Pilates intervention is a novel and successful method for promoting endothelial and hemorheological functions in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghwa Jung
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-S.J.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-S.J.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-S.J.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-S.J.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2450-3949
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Raberin A, Nader E, Ayerbe JL, Mucci P, Connes P, Durand F. Evolution of blood rheology and its relationship to pulmonary hemodynamic during the first days of exposure to moderate altitude. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 74:201-208. [PMID: 31476150 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood rheology and hemodynamic parameters have never been explored together during acclimatization to altitude. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood rheology parameters and pulmonary hemodynamics during the first days of real moderate altitude exposure.Seventeen athletes were tested at sea-level, 20 hours after their arrival at 2,400 meters of altitude (H1) and five days later (H2). Blood was sampled to analyze red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, blood viscosity and hematocrit. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were assessed by echocardiography.We observed a rise in hematocrit, blood viscosity, RBC aggregation, PAP, Pcap and PVR between sea-level and H1. In H2, RBC aggregation, hematocrit, PAP, Pcap and PVR remained different compared to sea-level and no difference was observed between H1 and H2. Blood viscosity decreased in H2 and returned to sea-level values.Our results suggest that hemoconcentration occurring within the first hours of altitude exposure increased blood viscosity, which contributed to the changes in pulmonary hemodynamic. When blood viscosity decreased in H2, no change occurred in pulmonary hemodynamic parameters suggesting that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was still present. The elevated RBC aggregation observed after in H2 could participate in the increase of Pcap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Raberin
- Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), EA 4604, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Font Romeu, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team laquo Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell raquo, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Mucci
- Unité de recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société (URePSSS), EA 7369, Université Lille, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team laquo Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell raquo, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Durand
- Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), EA 4604, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Font Romeu, France
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12
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Effects of an Acute Pilates Program under Hypoxic Conditions on Vascular Endothelial Function in Pilates Participants: A Randomized Crossover Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072584. [PMID: 32283854 PMCID: PMC7178013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of an acute Pilates program under hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions on the metabolic, cardiac, and vascular functions of the participants. Ten healthy female Pilates experts completed a 50-min tubing Pilates program under normoxic conditions (N trial) and under 3000 m (inspired oxygen fraction = 14.5%) hypobaric hypoxia conditions (H trial) after a 30-min exposure in the respective environments on different days. Blood pressure, branchial ankle pulse wave velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the branchial artery were measured before and after the exercise. Metabolic parameters and cardiac function were assessed every minute during the exercise. Both trials showed a significant increase in FMD; however, the increase in FMD was significantly higher after the H trial than that after the N trial. Furthermore, FMD before exercise was significantly higher in the H trial than in the N trial. In terms of metabolic parameters, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide excretion, respiratory exchange ratio, and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly higher but fat oxidation was lower during the H trial than during the N trial. In terms of cardiac function, heart rate was significantly increased during the H trial than during the N trial. Our results suggested that, compared to that under normoxic conditions, Pilates exercise under hypoxic conditions led to greater metabolic and cardiac responses and also elicited an additive effect on vascular endothelial function.
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13
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Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030861. [PMID: 32019079 PMCID: PMC7037344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 2-week exercise training program in hypobaric hypoxic conditions on exercise performance and immune function in Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities. Six Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities participated in exercise training consisting of continuous aerobic exercise and anaerobic interval exercise in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The exercise training frequency was 60 min (5 days per week for 2 weeks). Before and after the exercise training, exercise performance and immune function were measured in all athletes. Regarding the exercise performance parameters, the 3-km time trial significantly decreased and blood lactate levels after the 3-km time trial test significantly increased by exercise training in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. Regarding the oxygen-transporting capacity, significant differences were not observed. Regarding immune function, the number of leukocytes and natural killer cells significantly decreased and that of eosinophils, B cells, and T cells significantly increased. These results indicated that our 2-week hypoxic training showed the potential to improve exercise performance in Korean national disabled athletes. However, the effects of our hypoxic training method on immune function remained unclear.
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14
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Härtel JA, Müller N, Herberg U, Breuer J, Bizjak DA, Bloch W, Grau M. Altered Hemorheology in Fontan Patients in Normoxia and After Acute Hypoxic Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1443. [PMID: 31824342 PMCID: PMC6883377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Fontan circulation is a unique palliation procedure for several congenital heart defects. Impaired exercise capacity has previously been demonstrated in these patients and also a higher risk for cardiopulmonary mortality. Hemorheology was shown to affect cardiopulmonary capacity and in turn to be affected by regular exercise and hypoxia but none of these have been investigated in Fontan patients so far. The aim of this study was to detect general differences in hemorheology in normoxia as well as possible altered hemorheological responses to hypoxia exposure and hypoxic exercise between Fontan patients and healthy controls. Methods and Findings 26 Fontan patients and 20 healthy controls performed an acute exercise test (AET) on a bicycle ergometer under hypoxia with ambient 15.2% oxygen saturation (sO2). Blood samples were taken at rest in normoxia (T0), at rest in hypoxia (T1), after maximum exhaustion in hypoxia (T2), and after 50 min recovery in normoxia (T3). Hemorheological and blood parameters were investigated. Additionally, arterial stiffness was tested at T0. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability, NOx, erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (hct) were significantly increased in Fontan patients compared to controls. Same was observed for arterial stiffness. No changes were observed for RBC aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, free radical levels and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxia exposure did not change parameters, whereas exercise in hypoxia increased aggregation and hct significantly in both groups. Fontan patients showed significantly increased aggregation-disaggregation balance compared to controls. Conclusion Acute hypoxia exposure and exercise under hypoxia might have similar impact on hemorheology in Fontan patients and controls and was clinically well tolerated. Nevertheless, exercise alters aggregation and possibly hemodynamics which requires special attention in Fontan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Alexander Härtel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Müller
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herberg
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Breuer
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Alexander Bizjak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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박훈영, 임기원, 김지수. Exercise physiology basis and necessity of hypoxic training to improve exercise performance in elite athletes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2018.29.4.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Lichtenauer M, Goebel B, Paar V, Wernly B, Gecks T, Rohm I, Förster M, Betge S, Figulla HR, Hoppe UC, Kelm M, Franz M, Jung C. Acute effects of moderate altitude on biomarkers of cardiovascular inflammation and endothelial function and their differential modulation by dual endothelin receptor blockade. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 67:101-113. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bjoern Goebel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Vera Paar
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Gecks
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Ilonka Rohm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Förster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Betge
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Hans R. Figulla
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
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17
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Ahmadian M, Ghorbani S, Beiki Y, Brandes M, Saeidi A, Leicht A. Influence of waterpipe smoking on hematological parameters and cognitive function before and after supramaximal exercise. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Park HY, Nam SS. Application of "living high-training low" enhances cardiac function and skeletal muscle oxygenation during submaximal exercises in athletes. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:13-20. [PMID: 28712261 PMCID: PMC5508055 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the application of living high-training low (LHTL) on cardiac function and skeletal muscle oxygenation during submaximal exercises compared with that of living low-training low (LLTL) in athletes. METHODS Male middle- and long-distance runners (n = 20) were randomly assigned into the LLTL group (n = 10, living at 1000-m altitude and training at 700-1330-m altitude) and the LHTL group (n = 10, living at simulated 3000-m altitude and training at 700-1330-m altitude). Their cardiac function and skeletal muscle oxygenation during submaximal exercises at sea level before and after training at each environmental condition were evaluated. RESULTS There was a significant interaction only in the stroke volume (SV); however, the heart rate (HR), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and end-systolic volume (ESV) showed significant main effects within time; HR and SV significantly increased during training in the LHTL group compared with those in the LLTL group. EDV also significantly increased during training in both groups; however, the LHTL group had a higher increase than the LLTL group. ESV significantly increased during training in the LLTL group. There was no significant difference in the ejection fraction and cardiac output. The skeletal muscle oxygen profiles had no significant differences but improved in the LHTL group compared with those in the LLTL group. CONCLUSION LHTL can yield favorable effects on cardiac function by improving the HR, SV, EDV, and ESV during submaximal exercises compared with LLTL in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyung Hee University, YonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Seok Nam
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyung Hee University, YonginRepublic of Korea
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