Comprehensive study of the rheological status and intensity of oxidative stress during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent its complications

Finding possible diagnostic markers for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid tumors on example investigate of rheological properties1

BACKGROUND

The functioning of the thyroid gland is a multi-component process that in some conditions may undergo alterations. The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system that produces the iodine-containing hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Thyroid hormones, control metabolism and energy, growth processes, maturation of tissues and organs, regulation of blood flow, and, therefore, providing vital functions of the body. The role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of blood flow is determined by the intensity of their production and the quantity in the blood. Presumably, in case of oncological and non-oncological diseases of the thyroid gland, the fluidity of the blood, which depends on the rheological properties, will be different.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was investigating rheological characteristics for studying of changes of rheology in patients with thyrotoxicosis, with benign tumor pathology of the thyroid gland, with thyroid cancer and finding possible diagnostic markers for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

METHODS

In this regard, we examined, using modern methods accepted in clinical practice, a standard list of recommended diagnostic tests in the group of patients (thyrotoxicosis: n = 25; benign tumor: n = 47), thyroid cancer: n = 35) and control group (n = 15), and with new original methods, parameters that describe the rheological properties of the blood, such as blood rheological index, volume, thickness, surface area of erythrocytes, erythrocyte aggregation index, deformation index, plasma viscosity, hematocrits.

RESULTS

Against the background of relative changes in the studied values, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that erythrocyte aggregation in patients with a benign form and control, as well as in patients with a malignant form and control, differ significantly from each other, in addition, there is a significant difference between aggregation in the group of patients with benign and control aggregation. malignant forms of the disease. It is significant that aggregability differs in patients with thyrotoxicosis and in controls. This indicates that erythrocyte aggregation is particularly informative. The blood rheological index most clearly demonstrated the difference between benign and malignant forms of the disease. Significantly changed compared to control in various forms of thyroid diseases.

CONCLUSION

Additional diagnostic markers for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid tumors may be consideredeerythrocyte aggregation index and blood rheological index.

Parallel study of the rheological status, vascular changes and intracardiac hemodynamics in heart failure in coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease is a pathological chronic and acute condition, which is provoked by insufficient blood supply or its complete cessation. To reduce the number of patients, all approaches and studies that can positively affect the prevention and treatment of the disease are important. This is very important in monitoring and treating diseases of all systems and organs, especially in diseases of the cardiovascular system. The aim of our work was to elucidate the relationship between the rheological status of blood, vascular changes and intracardiac hemodynamics in heart failure in coronary artery disease patients with different functional classes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our work was to elucidate the relationship between the rheological status of blood, vascular changes and intracardiac hemodynamics in heart failure in coronary artery disease patients with different functionalclasses. METHODS: We examined 76 men and women patients with coronary artery disease - I–IV functional class (by New York Heart Association Functional Classification NYHA)), mean age - 59.2±4 years. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy volunteers (Woman: Man –1:1), whose average age was 52±3 years. Representatives of the control group did not take any medication during the study period and were apparently healthy. The electrocardiogram of the subjects in the control group corresponded to the norm. All subjects underwent clinical and laboratory studies in a standard way: to describe the rheological status of blood, the erythrocyte aggregability index (EAI), erythrocyte deformability index (EDI), and plasma viscosity were determined; to assess vascular changes - resistance index of resistive arteries (RIRA); to study intracardiac hemodynamics, echocardiology was performed according to the recommendations proposed by the American Association of Physicians. RESULTS: Rheological changes are present from the very beginning of the disease and progress along with the severity of the disease. Therefore, it is possible to assess the severity of the disease based on rheological disorders, which can precede the onset of ischemic heart disease. The vascular status resistance index increases in the early stages of the disease, with I functional class - RIRA increased by 46%. The cardiac index, which determines the adequacy of the global perfusion pressure, is the main indicator of hemodynamics and is negatively related to the increase in erythrocyte aggregation, although this indicator turned out to be statistically unreliable. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of our data will allow us to better understand the pathogenesis of heart failure, as well as recommend a list of tests, and methods that were discussed in the article to assess the clinical condition of patients. Continuing research in the same direction, we believe that we will be able to make adjustments to research methods and to the algorithm for drug therapy

Study of blood rheological parameters and NO in coronary artery disease patients with and without collaterals

BACKGROUND

In coronary artery disease (CAD), an alternative way of improvement of blood circulation in the ischemic area of the myocardium is coronary collateral circulation. Our study aimed to investigate the rheological parameters of blood and nitric oxide (NO) content in patients with various degrees of collateral development and the likelihood of the influence of blood fluidity on collateral angiogenesis.

METHODS

We studied patients with stable CAD who underwent elective coronary angiography and a control group with the same mean age. We investigated patients with different degrees of developing collaterals and those without them. In studied patients, the blood plasma viscosity, aggregability, and deformability of erythrocytes, as the main indicators of blood rheology. We recorded content of stable metabolic end products of nitric oxide (NOx).

RESULTS

Results of the studies showed that in the blood of studied patients with CAD erythrocyte aggregation was increased and NO content decreased compared to the control level; NO content was as lower, as less was the number of developed collaterals was recorded.

CONCLUSION

In this work, the role of the aggregation ability of erythrocytes and the endothelial origin of NO in the direct and feedback regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis in patients with CAD are discussed.

Effect of whole-body cryotherapy treatments on blood morphology and blood rheology: Red blood cell deformability, red blood cell aggregation in healthy subjects

OBJECTIVE

assessment of the effect of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy sessions on the morphological and rheological indicators of blood in healthy people.

METHODS

The experimental group consisted of 15 women and 15 men who underwent a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The control group consisted of 15 women and 15 men - without intervention. For the analysis of blood biochemical parameters, venous blood was collected twice: Study 1: on the day of the commencement of whole body cryotherapy / from the control group; and Study 2: after a series of 20 cryotherapy sessions / from the control group (4 weeks).

RESULTS

After whole-body cryotherapy a statistically significant decrease in RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, EI 0.30 and an increase in MCHC and EI 2.19-60.30 were observed in women, as well as a decrease in MCV, MCH, AI and an increase in PLT, EI 0.30-60.30, AMP, T1/2 in men.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of whole-body cryotherapy causes changes in blood counts in various directions and has a positive effect on the rheological properties of blood in women and men - it increases the elongation index and reduces the aggregation index.